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Peter J Facchini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • quantitative 1h nmr metabolomics reveals extensive metabolic reprogramming of primary and Secondary Metabolism in elicitor treated opium poppy cell cultures
    BMC Plant Biology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Katherine G Zulak, Aalim M Weljie, Hans J Vogel, Peter J Facchini
    Abstract:

    Background Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) produces a diverse array of bioactive benzylisoquinoline alkaloids and has emerged as a model system to study Plant alkaloid Metabolism. The Plant is cultivated as the only commercial source of the narcotic analgesics morphine and codeine, but also produces many other alkaloids including the antimicrobial agent sanguinarine. Modulations in Plant Secondary Metabolism as a result of environmental perturbations are often associated with the altered regulation of other metabolic pathways. As a key component of our functional genomics platform for opium poppy we have used proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) metabolomics to investigate the interplay between primary and Secondary Metabolism in cultured opium poppy cells treated with a fungal elicitor.

  • chapter three compartmentalization of Plant Secondary Metabolism
    Recent Advances in Phytochemistry, 2006
    Co-Authors: Nailish Samanani, Peter J Facchini
    Abstract:

    Bifunctional or multifunctional enzymes targeted to alternative subcellular compartments may interact with different substrates to produce unique products. This may partially explain the observed diversity of Plant Secondary products. Broad enzyme specificities have been observed for O -methyltransferases, glucosyltransferases, P450-dependent monooxygenases, polyketide synthases, and monoterpene synthases. Flavonoid biosynthesis in Plants was thought previously to occur exclusively in the cytoplasm although flavonoids could accumulate in distinct subcellular compartments in different tissues. However, at least two of the enzymes of flavonoid biosynthesis occur in the nuclei of Arabidopsis cells, where the flavonoids also accumulate. Although much progress has recently been made toward the deciphering of the compartmentalization of Secondary product Metabolism, a comprehensive understanding of the spatial relationships among transcripts, enzymes, and biosynthetic products requires further research in several important areas.

  • A Tale of Three Cell Types: Alkaloid Biosynthesis Is Localized to Sieve Elements in Opium Poppy
    The Plant cell, 2003
    Co-Authors: David A. Bird, Vincent R. Franceschi, Peter J Facchini
    Abstract:

    Opium poppy produces a diverse array of pharmaceutical alkaloids, including the narcotic analgesics morphine and codeine. The benzylisoquinoline alkaloids of opium poppy accumulate in the cytoplasm, or latex, of specialized laticifers that accompany vascular tissues throughout the Plant. However, immunofluorescence labeling using affinity-purified antibodies showed that three key enzymes, (S)-N-methylcoclaurine 3′-hydroxylase (CYP80B1), berberine bridge enzyme (BBE), and codeinone reductase (COR), involved in the biosynthesis of morphine and the related antimicrobial alkaloid sanguinarine, are restricted to the parietal region of sieve elements adjacent or proximal to laticifers. The localization of laticifers was demonstrated using antibodies specific to the major latex protein (MLP), which is characteristic of the cell type. In situ hybridization showed that CYP80B1, BBE, and COR gene transcripts were found in the companion cell paired with each sieve element, whereas MLP transcripts were restricted to laticifers. The biosynthesis and accumulation of alkaloids in opium poppy involves cell types not implicated previously in Plant Secondary Metabolism and dramatically extends the function of sieve elements beyond the transport of solutes and information macromolecules in Plants.

  • Plant Secondary Metabolism: out of the evolutionary abyss.
    Trends in plant science, 1999
    Co-Authors: Peter J Facchini
    Abstract:

    Our appreciation for the biochemistry, physiology and evolution of Plant Secondary Metabolism has certainly improved since natural products were first described as waste metabolites6xMetabolism of defense and communication. Ellis, B.E. : 148–160See all References6. The sustained efforts and combined strengths of phytochemists, biochemists and molecular biologists interested in Plant Secondary Metabolism have breathed new life into an old and well-established discipline. The awesome potential of the Arabidopsis genome project, together with powerful molecular technologies, are changing our approach to phytochemical research. The new findings and ideas presented at the meeting will impact on our fundamental perceptions about the Metabolism, evolution, physiology and ecology of Plants.

John G Jelesko - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • an expanding role for purine uptake permease like transporters in Plant Secondary Metabolism
    Frontiers in Plant Science, 2012
    Co-Authors: John G Jelesko
    Abstract:

    For the past decade, our understanding of the Plant purine uptake permease (PUP) transporter family of was primarily oriented on purine nucleobase substrates and their tissue-specific expression patterns in Arabidopsis. However, a tobacco PUP-like homolog demonstrating nicotine uptake permease (NUP) activity was recently shown to affect both nicotine Metabolism and root cell growth. These new findings expand the physiological role for PUP-like transporters to include Plant Secondary Metabolism. Molecular evolution analyses of PUP-like transporters indicate they are distinct group within an ancient super family of drug and metabolite transporters (DMTs). The PUP-like family originated during terrestrial Plant evolution sometime between the bryophytes and the lycophytes. A phylogenetic analysis indicates that the PUP-like transporters were likely were derived from a pre-existing nucleotide sugar transporter family within the DMT super family. Within the lycophyte Selaginella, there are three paralogous groups of PUP-like transporters. One of the three PUP-like paralogous groups showed an extensive pattern of gene duplication and diversification within the angiosperm lineage, whereas the other two more ancestral PUP-like paralogous groups did not. Biochemical characterization of four closely-related PUP-like paralogs together with model-based phylogenetic analyses indicate both subfunctionalization and neofunctionalization during the molecular evolution of angiosperm PUP-like transporters. These findings suggest that members of the PUP-like family of DMT transporters are likely involved in diverse primary and Secondary Plant metabolic pathways.

  • An Expanding Role For Purine Uptake Permease (PUP) -like Transporters In Plant Secondary Metabolism.
    Frontiers Media S.A., 2012
    Co-Authors: John G Jelesko
    Abstract:

    For the past decade, our understanding of the Plant purine uptake permease (PUP) transporter family of was primarily oriented on purine nucleobase substrates and their tissue-specific expression patterns in Arabidopsis. However, a tobacco PUP-like homolog demonstrating nicotine uptake permease (NUP) activity was recently shown to affect both nicotine Metabolism and root cell growth. These new findings expand the physiological role for PUP-like transporters to include Plant Secondary Metabolism. Molecular evolution analyses of PUP-like transporters indicate they are distinct group within an ancient super family of drug and metabolite transporters (DMTs). The PUP-like family originated during terrestrial Plant evolution sometime between the bryophytes and the lycophytes. A phylogenetic analysis indicates that the PUP-like transporters were likely were derived from a pre-existing nucleotide sugar transporter family within the DMT super family. Within the lycophyte Selaginella, there are three paralogous groups of PUP-like transporters. One of the three PUP-like paralogous groups showed an extensive pattern of gene duplication and diversification within the angiosperm lineage, whereas the other two more ancestral PUP-like paralogous groups did not. Biochemical characterization of four closely-related PUP-like paralogs together with model-based phylogenetic analyses indicate both subfunctionalization and neofunctionalization during the molecular evolution of angiosperm PUP-like transporters. These findings suggest that members of the PUP-like family of DMT transporters are likely involved in diverse primary and Secondary Plant metabolic pathways

David A. Bird - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A Tale of Three Cell Types: Alkaloid Biosynthesis Is Localized to Sieve Elements in Opium Poppy
    The Plant cell, 2003
    Co-Authors: David A. Bird, Vincent R. Franceschi, Peter J Facchini
    Abstract:

    Opium poppy produces a diverse array of pharmaceutical alkaloids, including the narcotic analgesics morphine and codeine. The benzylisoquinoline alkaloids of opium poppy accumulate in the cytoplasm, or latex, of specialized laticifers that accompany vascular tissues throughout the Plant. However, immunofluorescence labeling using affinity-purified antibodies showed that three key enzymes, (S)-N-methylcoclaurine 3′-hydroxylase (CYP80B1), berberine bridge enzyme (BBE), and codeinone reductase (COR), involved in the biosynthesis of morphine and the related antimicrobial alkaloid sanguinarine, are restricted to the parietal region of sieve elements adjacent or proximal to laticifers. The localization of laticifers was demonstrated using antibodies specific to the major latex protein (MLP), which is characteristic of the cell type. In situ hybridization showed that CYP80B1, BBE, and COR gene transcripts were found in the companion cell paired with each sieve element, whereas MLP transcripts were restricted to laticifers. The biosynthesis and accumulation of alkaloids in opium poppy involves cell types not implicated previously in Plant Secondary Metabolism and dramatically extends the function of sieve elements beyond the transport of solutes and information macromolecules in Plants.

  • A tale of three cell types: Alkaloid biosynthesis is localized to sieve elements in opium poppy
    2003
    Co-Authors: David A. Bird, Vincent A R. Franceschi, Peter Facchini J. A
    Abstract:

    Opium poppy produces a diverse array of pharmaceutical alkaloids, including the narcotic analgesics morphine and codeine. The benzylisoquinoline alkaloids of opium poppy accumulate in the cytoplasm, or latex, of specialized laticifers that accompany vascular tissues throughout the Plant. However, immunofluorescence labeling using affinity-purified antibodies showed that three key enzymes, (S)-N-methylcoclaurine 3�-hydroxylase (CYP80B1), berberine bridge enzyme (BBE), and codeinone reductase (COR), involved in the biosynthesis of morphine and the related antimicrobial alkaloid sanguinarine, are restricted to the parietal region of sieve elements adjacent or proximal to laticifers. The localization of laticifers was demonstrated using antibodies specific to the major latex protein (MLP), which is characteristic of the cell type. In situ hybridization showed that CYP80B1, BBE, and COR gene transcripts were found in the companion cell paired with each sieve element, whereas MLP transcripts were restricted to laticifers. The biosynthesis and accumulation of alkaloids in opium poppy involves cell types not implicated previously in Plant Secondary Metabolism and dramatically extends the function of sieve elements beyond the transport of solutes and information macromolecules in Plants. The Plant Cel

V P Bulgakov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Critical analysis of protein signaling networks involved in the regulation of Plant Secondary Metabolism: focus on anthocyanins.
    Critical reviews in biotechnology, 2016
    Co-Authors: V P Bulgakov, Tatiana V Avramenko, Gurami Tsitsiashvili
    Abstract:

    Anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis is a convenient and relatively simple model for investigating the basic principles of Secondary Metabolism regulation. In recent years, many publications have described links between anthocyanin biosynthesis and general defense reactions in Plants as well as photomorphogenesis and hormonal signaling. These relationships are complex, and they cannot be understood intuitively. Upon observing the lacuna in the Arabidopsis interactome (an interaction map of the factors involved in the regulation of Arabidopsis Secondary Metabolism is not available), we attempted to connect various cellular processes that affect anthocyanin biosynthesis. In this review, we revealed the main signaling protein modules that regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis. To our knowledge, this is the first reconstruction of a network of proteins involved in Plant Secondary Metabolism.

  • functions of rol genes in Plant Secondary Metabolism
    Biotechnology Advances, 2008
    Co-Authors: V P Bulgakov
    Abstract:

    For a long time, the Agrobacterium rhizogenes rolA, rolB and rolC oncogenes have been considered to be modulators of Plant growth and cell differentiation. A new function of the rol genes in Plant-Agrobacterium interaction became apparent with the discovery that these genes are potential activators of Secondary Metabolism in transformed cells from the Solanaceae, Araliaceae, Rubiaceae, Vitaceae and Rosaceae families. In some cases, the activator effect of individual rol genes is sufficient to overcome the inability of cultured Plant cells to produce large amounts of Secondary metabolites. Here, I summarize the available evidence that shows that genetic transformation by single Agrobacterium rol genes may be used as a powerful tool to manipulate Secondary metabolites in cultured Plant cells. Although it is known that the rol genes act via transcriptional activation of defense genes, the mechanism of activation is unclear. In this review, evidence is presented to support the hypothesis that the rol genes mediate uncommon signal transduction pathways in Plants.

  • the rolb gene induced overproduction of resveratrol in vitis amurensis transformed cells
    Journal of Biotechnology, 2007
    Co-Authors: K. V. Kiselev, M. V. Veselova, S. A. Fedoreyev, A S Dubrovina, V P Bulgakov, Y N Zhuravlev
    Abstract:

    Resveratrol is a stilbene, which prevents carcinogenesis at stages of tumor initiation, promotion and progression. In the present investigation, we developed cell cultures of wild-growing grape (Vitis amurensis Rupr.). The cultures produced low levels of resveratrol, up to 0.026% dry wt., i.e., comparable to levels reported for other Plant cell cultures previously established. Different methods commonly used to increase Secondary metabolite production (cell selection, elicitor treatments and addition of a biosynthetic precursor) only slightly enhanced cell productivity. Transformation of V. amurensis V2 callus culture by the rolB gene of Agrobacterium rhizogenes resulted in more than a 100-fold increase in resveratrol production in transformed calli. The rolB-transformed calli are capable of producing up to 3.15% dry wt. of resveratrol. We show that the capability to resveratrol biosynthesis is tightly correlated with the abundance of rolB mRNA transcripts. Tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors abolished the rolB-gene-mediated stimulatory effect, thus documenting for the first time the involvement of tyrosine phosphorylation in Plant Secondary Metabolism.

Johan Memelink - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • jasmonate responsive transcription factors regulating Plant Secondary Metabolism
    Biotechnology Advances, 2016
    Co-Authors: Meiliang Zhou, Johan Memelink
    Abstract:

    Plants produce a large variety of Secondary metabolites including alkaloids, glucosinolates, terpenoids and phenylpropanoids. These compounds play key roles in Plant-environment interactions and many of them have pharmacological activity in humans. Jasmonates (JAs) are Plant hormones which induce biosynthesis of many Secondary metabolites. JAs-responsive transcription factors (TFs) that regulate the JAs-induced accumulation of Secondary metabolites belong to different families including AP2/ERF, bHLH, MYB and WRKY. Here, we give an overview of the types and functions of TFs that have been identified in JAs-induced Secondary metabolite biosynthesis, and highlight their similarities and differences in regulating various biosynthetic pathways. We review major recent developments regarding JAs-responsive TFs mediating Secondary metabolite biosynthesis, and provide suggestions for further studies.

  • transcription factors controlling Plant Secondary Metabolism what regulates the regulators
    Phytochemistry, 2002
    Co-Authors: Debora Vom Endt, Jan W Kijne, Johan Memelink
    Abstract:

    Plants produce Secondary metabolites, among others, to protect themselves against microbial and herbivore attack or UV irradiation. Certain metabolite classes also function in beneficial interactions with other organisms. For example, anthocyanin pigments and terpenoid essential oils have key roles in attraction of flower pollinators. Secondary metabolites also have direct uses for man. Flavonoids and terpenoids for example have health-promoting activities as food ingredients, and several alkaloids have pharmacological activities. Controlled transcription of biosynthetic genes is one major mechanism regulating Secondary metabolite production in Plant cells. Several transcription factors involved in the regulation of metabolic pathway genes have been isolated and studied. There are indications that transcription factor activity itself is regulated by internal or external signals leading to controlled responses. The aim of this review is to discuss the regulation of transcription factors involved in Secondary Metabolism in Plants at gene and protein levels, using phenylpropanoid and terpenoid indole alkaloid pathways as two well-studied examples.

  • Engineering the Plant cell factory for Secondary metabolite production.
    Transgenic Research, 2000
    Co-Authors: Robert Verpoorte, R. Van Der Heijden, Johan Memelink
    Abstract:

    Plant Secondary Metabolism is very important for traits such as flower color, flavor of food, and resistance against pests and diseases. Moreover, it is the source of many fine chemicals such as drugs, dyes, flavors, and fragrances. It is thus of interest to be able to engineer the Secondary metabolite production of the Plant cell factory, e.g. to produce more of a fine chemical, to produce less of a toxic compound, or even to make new compounds, Engineering of Plant Secondary Metabolism is feasible nowadays, but it requires knowledge of the biosynthetic pathways involved. To increase Secondary metabolite production different strategies can be followed, such as overcoming rate limiting steps, reducing flux through competitive pathways, reducing catabolism and overexpression of regulatory genes. For this purpose genes of Plant origin can be overexpressed, but also microbial genes have been used successfully. Overexpression of Plant genes in microorganisms is another approach, which might be of interest for bioconversion of readily available precursors into valuable fine chemicals. Several examples will be given to illustrate these various approaches. The constraints of metabolic engineering of the Plant cell factory will also be discussed. Our limited knowledge of Secondary metabolite pathways and the genes involved is one of the main bottlenecks.