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Xiaolin Hou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Determination of Ultra-Low Level Plutonium Isotopes in Large Volume Environmental Water Samples
Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2020Co-Authors: Rui-qin Gao, Weichao Zhang, Xiaolin Hou, Luyuan Zhang, Meng-ting ZhangAbstract:Abstract Plutonium is an important artificial element, 239Pu and 240Pu are two major radioIsotopes of Plutonium in the environment released by human nuclear activities. Due to their high radiotoxicity and bio-toxicity, the determination of these radionuclides is critical in view of radiation protection and environmental radioactivity. It is still a major challenge to accurately determine these radionuclides in environmental water samples due to their extremely low concentrations. In this work, a sensitive analytical method for determination of 239Pu and 240Pu in environmental water samples was reported. By co-precipitation of Plutonium with Ti(OH)3 followed by separation of Plutonium using extraction chromatography with TEVA resin, a recovery of more than 80% for Plutonium and decontamination factor of 1.3 × 105 for uranium were achieved. A triple quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) with dynamic collision/reaction cell was used for measurement of Plutonium Isotopes. By using NH3-He double gasses as collision/reaction gas, 238U1H+ polyatomic ion interference to measurement of 239Pu was significantly suppressed and the final abundance sensitivity of 238U to m/z 239 was reduced to
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Determination of Femtogram-Level Plutonium Isotopes in Environmental and Forensic Samples with High-Level Uranium Using Chemical Separation and ICP-MS/MS Measurement.
Analytical Chemistry, 2019Co-Authors: Xiaolin Hou, Weichao Zhang, Yanyun WangAbstract:ICP-MS is becoming a competitive technique for measurement of Plutonium Isotopes. Besides the abundance sensitivity (tailing of 238U to m/z = 239 and 240), isobaric and polyatomic ions interference...
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Evaluation of soil erosion and ecological rehabilitation in Loess Plateau region in Northwest China using Plutonium Isotopes
Soil and Tillage Research, 2019Co-Authors: Weichao Zhang, Shan Xing, Xiaolin HouAbstract:Abstract Soil erosion is a critical threat to the agriculture and ecosystem in the Chinese Loess Plateau area. Ecological rehabilitation has been applied in large area for reduction of the soil erosion. Six soil depth profiles were collected from Nanxiaohegou watershed in the Loess Plateau in northwest China and analyzed for the activity concentrations of Plutonium Isotopes. The measured 240Pu/239Pu atomic ratios in all these samples (0.186±0.017) showed that the global fallout was the dominant source of Plutonium in this region. An exponential decline of 239,240Pu activity concentrations with depth was observed in most of soil profiles. The total inventory of 239,240Pu in the reference site was calculated to be 110 Bq/m2, agreeing well with the reported total fallout value in this latitude. The soil erosion rates were estimated by comparison with the reference site to be 538–941 t/km2/yr in the most of sites. While an excessive inventory of 239,240Pu (186 Bq/m2) compared to the reference site was observed in one site in the base area, indicating a significant accumulation of soil occurred in this area. The soil erosion depths were estimated to be 2.4–4.6 cm in most of sites during 1963–2016, which can be classified as minor erosion. Compared with the erosion rates in the Nanxiaohegou watershed in 1963–2012 which was estimated by other methods, it is suggested that the natural grass is better for long-term ecological restoration, especially in slope area.
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Determination of ultra-low level Plutonium Isotopes (239Pu, 240Pu) in environmental samples with high uranium.
Talanta, 2018Co-Authors: Shan Xing, Jixin Qiao, Weichao Zhang, Xiaolin HouAbstract:Abstract In order to measure trace Plutonium and its Isotopes ratio (240Pu/239Pu) in environmental samples with a high uranium, an analytical method was developed using radiochemical separation for separation of Plutonium from matrix and interfering elements including most of uranium and ICP-MS for measurement of Plutonium Isotopes. A novel measurement method was established for extensively removing the isobaric interference from uranium (238U1H and 238UH2+) and tailing of 238U, but significantly improving the measurement sensitivity of Plutonium Isotopes by employing NH3/He as collision/reaction cell gases and MS/MS system in the triple quadrupole ICP-MS instrument. The results show that removal efficiency of uranium interference was improved by more than 15 times, and the sensitivity of Plutonium Isotopes was increased by a factor of more than 3 compared to the conventional ICP-MS. The mechanism on the effective suppress of 238U interference for 239Pu measurement using NH3-He reaction gases was explored to be the formation of UNH+ and UNH2+ in the reactions of UH+ and U+ with NH3, while no reaction between NH3 and Pu+. The detection limits of this method were estimated to be 0.55 fg mL-1 for 239Pu, 0.09 fg mL−1 for 240Pu. The analytical precision and accuracy of the method for Pu Isotopes concentration and 240Pu/239Pu atomic ratio were evaluated by analysis of sediment reference materials (IAEA-385 and IAEA-412) with different levels of Plutonium and uranium. The developed method were successfully applied to determine 239Pu and 240Pu concentrations and 240Pu/239Pu atomic ratios in soil samples collected in coastal areas of eastern China.
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Determination of Plutonium Isotopes (238Pu, 239Pu, 240Pu, 241Pu) in environmental samples using radiochemical separation combined with radiometric and mass spectrometric measurements
Talanta, 2014Co-Authors: Jixin Qiao, Xiaolin Hou, Shaoming Pan, Per RoosAbstract:Abstract This paper reports an analytical method for the determination of Plutonium Isotopes ( 238 Pu, 239 Pu, 240 Pu, 241 Pu) in environmental samples using anion exchange chromatography in combination with extraction chromatography for chemical separation of Pu. Both radiometric methods (liquid scintillation counting and alpha spectrometry) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were applied for the measurement of Plutonium Isotopes. The decontamination factors for uranium were significantly improved up to 7.5×10 5 for 20 g soil compared to the level reported in the literature, this is critical for the measurement of Plutonium Isotopes using mass spectrometric technique. Although the chemical yield of Pu in the entire procedure is about 55%, the analytical results of IAEA soil 6 and IAEA-367 in this work are in a good agreement with the values reported in the literature or reference values, revealing that the developed method for Plutonium determination in environmental samples is reliable. The measurement results of 239+240 Pu by alpha spectrometry agreed very well with the sum of 239 Pu and 240 Pu measured by ICP-MS. ICP-MS can not only measure 239 Pu and 240 Pu separately but also 241 Pu. However, it is impossible to measure 238 Pu using ICP-MS in environmental samples even a decontamination factor as high as 10 6 for uranium was obtained by chemical separation.
Lukas Wacker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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measurement of Plutonium Isotopes 239pu and 240pu in air filter samples from seville 2001 2002
Atmospheric Environment, 2010Co-Authors: Elena Chamizo, Santiago M. Enamorado, M Garcialeon, M C Jimenezramos, Lukas WackerAbstract:Abstract Since the last nuclear atmospheric test carried out by the People Republic of China in 1980 and since the Chernobyl accident in 1986, the Plutonium hasn't been directly released into the atmosphere. However, nowadays, it is still present in the troposphere. This is due to Plutonium-bearing soil particles physical resuspension processes. In this work, we study for the first time the temporal variation of Plutonium Isotopes, 239Pu and 240Pu, baseline concentrations on a monthly basis in surface air from Seville (Spain), and their correlation with some tracers of mineral dust, during 2001 and 2002. The Pu analyses were performed by low-energy Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS). The 239Pu plus 240Pu (239+240Pu) activity levels achieved maximums during the summer period, characterized by the absence of rains, and minimums during the rainy seasons, laying in the range 1–20 nBq m−3. The 240Pu/239Pu two-year average atomic ratio was 0.18 ± 0.03, in agreement with the fallout Plutonium. A good correlation with Pu and Al and Ti levels is observed. They are crustal components usually used as tracers of African dust over European countries. The hypothesis of the influence of the Saharan dust intrusions is supported as well through the study of Total Ozone Mass Spectrometer (TOMS) daily images.
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Measurement of Plutonium Isotopes, 239Pu and 240Pu, in air-filter samples from Seville (2001–2002)
Atmospheric Environment, 2010Co-Authors: Elena Chamizo, Manuel García-león, Santiago M. Enamorado, M. C. Jiménez-ramos, Lukas WackerAbstract:Abstract Since the last nuclear atmospheric test carried out by the People Republic of China in 1980 and since the Chernobyl accident in 1986, the Plutonium hasn't been directly released into the atmosphere. However, nowadays, it is still present in the troposphere. This is due to Plutonium-bearing soil particles physical resuspension processes. In this work, we study for the first time the temporal variation of Plutonium Isotopes, 239Pu and 240Pu, baseline concentrations on a monthly basis in surface air from Seville (Spain), and their correlation with some tracers of mineral dust, during 2001 and 2002. The Pu analyses were performed by low-energy Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS). The 239Pu plus 240Pu (239+240Pu) activity levels achieved maximums during the summer period, characterized by the absence of rains, and minimums during the rainy seasons, laying in the range 1–20 nBq m−3. The 240Pu/239Pu two-year average atomic ratio was 0.18 ± 0.03, in agreement with the fallout Plutonium. A good correlation with Pu and Al and Ti levels is observed. They are crustal components usually used as tracers of African dust over European countries. The hypothesis of the influence of the Saharan dust intrusions is supported as well through the study of Total Ozone Mass Spectrometer (TOMS) daily images.
Jixin Qiao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Determination of ultra-low level Plutonium Isotopes (239Pu, 240Pu) in environmental samples with high uranium.
Talanta, 2018Co-Authors: Shan Xing, Jixin Qiao, Weichao Zhang, Xiaolin HouAbstract:Abstract In order to measure trace Plutonium and its Isotopes ratio (240Pu/239Pu) in environmental samples with a high uranium, an analytical method was developed using radiochemical separation for separation of Plutonium from matrix and interfering elements including most of uranium and ICP-MS for measurement of Plutonium Isotopes. A novel measurement method was established for extensively removing the isobaric interference from uranium (238U1H and 238UH2+) and tailing of 238U, but significantly improving the measurement sensitivity of Plutonium Isotopes by employing NH3/He as collision/reaction cell gases and MS/MS system in the triple quadrupole ICP-MS instrument. The results show that removal efficiency of uranium interference was improved by more than 15 times, and the sensitivity of Plutonium Isotopes was increased by a factor of more than 3 compared to the conventional ICP-MS. The mechanism on the effective suppress of 238U interference for 239Pu measurement using NH3-He reaction gases was explored to be the formation of UNH+ and UNH2+ in the reactions of UH+ and U+ with NH3, while no reaction between NH3 and Pu+. The detection limits of this method were estimated to be 0.55 fg mL-1 for 239Pu, 0.09 fg mL−1 for 240Pu. The analytical precision and accuracy of the method for Pu Isotopes concentration and 240Pu/239Pu atomic ratio were evaluated by analysis of sediment reference materials (IAEA-385 and IAEA-412) with different levels of Plutonium and uranium. The developed method were successfully applied to determine 239Pu and 240Pu concentrations and 240Pu/239Pu atomic ratios in soil samples collected in coastal areas of eastern China.
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Determination of Plutonium Isotopes (238Pu, 239Pu, 240Pu, 241Pu) in environmental samples using radiochemical separation combined with radiometric and mass spectrometric measurements
Talanta, 2014Co-Authors: Jixin Qiao, Xiaolin Hou, Shaoming Pan, Per RoosAbstract:Abstract This paper reports an analytical method for the determination of Plutonium Isotopes ( 238 Pu, 239 Pu, 240 Pu, 241 Pu) in environmental samples using anion exchange chromatography in combination with extraction chromatography for chemical separation of Pu. Both radiometric methods (liquid scintillation counting and alpha spectrometry) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were applied for the measurement of Plutonium Isotopes. The decontamination factors for uranium were significantly improved up to 7.5×10 5 for 20 g soil compared to the level reported in the literature, this is critical for the measurement of Plutonium Isotopes using mass spectrometric technique. Although the chemical yield of Pu in the entire procedure is about 55%, the analytical results of IAEA soil 6 and IAEA-367 in this work are in a good agreement with the values reported in the literature or reference values, revealing that the developed method for Plutonium determination in environmental samples is reliable. The measurement results of 239+240 Pu by alpha spectrometry agreed very well with the sum of 239 Pu and 240 Pu measured by ICP-MS. ICP-MS can not only measure 239 Pu and 240 Pu separately but also 241 Pu. However, it is impossible to measure 238 Pu using ICP-MS in environmental samples even a decontamination factor as high as 10 6 for uranium was obtained by chemical separation.
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Rapid and simultaneous determination of neptunium and Plutonium Isotopes in environmental samples by extraction chromatography using sequential injection analysis and ICP-MS
Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 2010Co-Authors: Jixin Qiao, Xiaolin Hou, Per Roos, Manuel MiróAbstract:This paper reports an automated analytical method for rapid and simultaneous determination of Plutonium Isotopes (239Pu and 240Pu) and neptunium (237Np) in environmental samples. An extraction chromatographic column packed with TrisKem TEVA® resin was incorporated in a sequential injection (SI) system for the isolation of Plutonium and neptunium from matrix elements and interfering nuclides. Valence adjustment is a crucial step to ensure the same chemical behavior of Plutonium and neptunium onto the TEVA column and consequently to accomplish their simultaneous separation and detection. Distinct procedures were investigated and compared for the adjustment of oxidation states of Plutonium and neptunium to Pu(IV) and Np(IV), respectively. A two-step protocol using sulfite and concentrated nitric acid as redox reagents was proven to be the most effective method. The analytical results for both Plutonium and neptunium in three reference materials were in agreement with the recommended or literature values at the 0.05 significance level. The developed method is suitable for the analysis of up to 10 g of soil and 20 g of seaweed samples. The extraction chromatographic separation within the SI system for a single sample takes less than 1.5 h. As compared to batchwise procedures, the developed method significantly improves the analysis efficiency, reduces the labor intensity and expedites the simultaneous determination of Plutonium and neptunium as demanded in emergency actions.
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Fractionation of Plutonium in environmental and bio-shielding concrete samples using dynamic sequential extraction.
Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 2009Co-Authors: Jixin QiaoAbstract:Fractionation of Plutonium Isotopes (238Pu, 239,240Pu) in environmental samples (i.e. soil and sediment) and bio-shielding concrete from decommissioning of nuclear reactor were carried out by dynamic sequential extraction using an on-line sequential injection (SI) system combined with a specially designed extraction column. Plutonium in the fractions from the sequential extraction was separated by ion exchange chromatography and measured using alpha spectrometry. The analytical results show a higher mobility of Plutonium in bio-shielding concrete, which means attention should be paid to the treatment and disposal of nuclear waste from decommissioning.
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determination of Plutonium Isotopes in waters and environmental solids a review
Analytica Chimica Acta, 2009Co-Authors: Jixin Qiao, Xiaolin Hou, Manuel Miró, Per RoosAbstract:A number of analytical methods have been developed in the past few years for environmental monitoring of Plutonium (Pu) Isotopes around nuclear facilities within protocols for emergency preparedness as well as for risk assessment of contaminated areas resulting from nuclear weapon tests, nuclear accidents, and the discharge of nuclear waste. This article summarizes and critically compares recently reported methods for determination of Pu Isotopes in waters and environmental solid substrates, in which sample pre-treatment is imperative for separation of the target species from matrix ingredients and/or potentially interfering nuclides prior to detection by radiometric or mass spectrometric techniques. Also discussed, via representative examples, is the automation of the entire analytical protocol by on-line extraction chromatography and ion exchange chromatography using flow injection (FI) or sequential injection (SI) approaches.
Elena Chamizo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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presence of Plutonium Isotopes 239pu and 240pu in soils from chile
Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms, 2011Co-Authors: Elena Chamizo, M Garcialeon, J I Peruchena, F Cereceda, V Vidal, E Pinilla, C MiroAbstract:Abstract Plutonium is present in every environmental compartment, due to a variety of nuclear activities. The Southern Hemisphere has received about 20% of the global 239Pu and 240Pu environmental inventory, with an important contribution of the so-called tropospheric fallout from both the atmospheric nuclear tests performed in the French Polynesia and in Australia by France and United Kingdom, respectively. In this work we provide new data on the impact of these tests to South America through the study of 239Pu and 240Pu in soils from different areas of Northern, Central and Southern Chile. The obtained results point out to the presence of debris from the French tests in the 20–40° Southern latitude range, with 240Pu/239Pu atomic ratios quite heterogeneous and ranging from 0.02 to 0.23. They are significantly different from the expected one for the global fallout in the Southern Hemisphere for the 30–53°S latitude range (0.185 ± 0.047), but they follow the same trend as the reported values by the Department of Energy of United States for other points with similar latitudes. The 239 + 240Pu activity inventories show as well a wider variability range in that latitude range, in agreement with the expected heterogeneity of the contamination.
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measurement of Plutonium Isotopes 239pu and 240pu in air filter samples from seville 2001 2002
Atmospheric Environment, 2010Co-Authors: Elena Chamizo, Santiago M. Enamorado, M Garcialeon, M C Jimenezramos, Lukas WackerAbstract:Abstract Since the last nuclear atmospheric test carried out by the People Republic of China in 1980 and since the Chernobyl accident in 1986, the Plutonium hasn't been directly released into the atmosphere. However, nowadays, it is still present in the troposphere. This is due to Plutonium-bearing soil particles physical resuspension processes. In this work, we study for the first time the temporal variation of Plutonium Isotopes, 239Pu and 240Pu, baseline concentrations on a monthly basis in surface air from Seville (Spain), and their correlation with some tracers of mineral dust, during 2001 and 2002. The Pu analyses were performed by low-energy Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS). The 239Pu plus 240Pu (239+240Pu) activity levels achieved maximums during the summer period, characterized by the absence of rains, and minimums during the rainy seasons, laying in the range 1–20 nBq m−3. The 240Pu/239Pu two-year average atomic ratio was 0.18 ± 0.03, in agreement with the fallout Plutonium. A good correlation with Pu and Al and Ti levels is observed. They are crustal components usually used as tracers of African dust over European countries. The hypothesis of the influence of the Saharan dust intrusions is supported as well through the study of Total Ozone Mass Spectrometer (TOMS) daily images.
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Measurement of Plutonium Isotopes, 239Pu and 240Pu, in air-filter samples from Seville (2001–2002)
Atmospheric Environment, 2010Co-Authors: Elena Chamizo, Manuel García-león, Santiago M. Enamorado, M. C. Jiménez-ramos, Lukas WackerAbstract:Abstract Since the last nuclear atmospheric test carried out by the People Republic of China in 1980 and since the Chernobyl accident in 1986, the Plutonium hasn't been directly released into the atmosphere. However, nowadays, it is still present in the troposphere. This is due to Plutonium-bearing soil particles physical resuspension processes. In this work, we study for the first time the temporal variation of Plutonium Isotopes, 239Pu and 240Pu, baseline concentrations on a monthly basis in surface air from Seville (Spain), and their correlation with some tracers of mineral dust, during 2001 and 2002. The Pu analyses were performed by low-energy Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS). The 239Pu plus 240Pu (239+240Pu) activity levels achieved maximums during the summer period, characterized by the absence of rains, and minimums during the rainy seasons, laying in the range 1–20 nBq m−3. The 240Pu/239Pu two-year average atomic ratio was 0.18 ± 0.03, in agreement with the fallout Plutonium. A good correlation with Pu and Al and Ti levels is observed. They are crustal components usually used as tracers of African dust over European countries. The hypothesis of the influence of the Saharan dust intrusions is supported as well through the study of Total Ozone Mass Spectrometer (TOMS) daily images.
J. Petit - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Isotopic evidence of natural uranium and spent fuel uranium releases into the environment
Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 2011Co-Authors: L. Pourcelot, B. Boulet, C. Le Corre, J. Loyen, C. Fayolle, D. Tournieux, W. Van Hecke, B. Martinez, J. PetitAbstract:Uranium and Plutonium Isotopes were measured in soils, sediments and waters in an area subject to the past and present discharges from the uranium conversion plant of Malvési (France). The Isotopes 236U and 239Pu are well known activation products of uranium and they prove to be powerful tracers of spent fuel releases in soils and sediments. On the other hand 234U and 238U activities measured in waters can be used to distinguish between releases and background uranium sources. Such findings contribute to improve the monitoring of the actinides releases by nuclear fuel facilities (mining sites, conversion, enrichment and fuel plants, reprocessing plants). © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2011.