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Bernhard Ehlers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Genome Sequences of a Rat Polyomavirus Related to Murine Polyomavirus, Rattus norvegicus Polyomavirus 1
Genome Announcements, 2015Co-Authors: Bernhard Ehlers, Dania Richter, Franz-rainer Matuschka, Rainer G. UlrichAbstract:We amplified and sequenced six complete genomes of a Polyomavirus from feral Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) and from a long-term breeding colony derived from Norway rats. This virus, which is closely related to hamster Polyomavirus and murine Polyomavirus, may contribute to understanding the evolutionary history of rodent Polyomaviruses.
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identification of a novel human Polyomavirus in organs of the gastrointestinal tract
PLOS ONE, 2013Co-Authors: Sarah Korup, Jorg Hofmann, Sebastien Calvignacspencer, Janita Rietscher, Franziska Trusch, Ugo Moens, Igor M Sauer, Sebastian Voigt, R Schmuck, Bernhard EhlersAbstract:Polyomaviruses are small, non-enveloped viruses with a circular double-stranded DNA genome. Using a generic Polyomavirus PCR targeting the VP1 major structural protein gene, a novel Polyomavirus was initially identified in resected human liver tissue and provisionally named Human Polyomavirus 12 (HPyV12). Its 5033 bp genome is predicted to encode large and small T antigens and the 3 structural proteins VP1, VP2 and VP3. Phylogenetic analyses did not reveal a close relationship to any known human or animal Polyomavirus. Investigation of organs, body fluids and excretions of diseased individuals and healthy subjects with both HPyV12-specific nested PCR and quantitative real-time PCR revealed additional virus-positive samples of resected liver, cecum and rectum tissues and a positive fecal sample. A capsomer-based IgG ELISA was established using the major capsid protein VP1 of HPyV12. Seroprevalences of 23% and 17%, respectively, were determined in sera from healthy adults and adolescents and a pediatric group of children. These data indicate that the virus naturally infects humans and that primary infection may already occur in childhood.
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a novel human Polyomavirus closely related to the african green monkey derived lymphotropic Polyomavirus
Journal of Virology, 2011Co-Authors: Nelly Scuda, Jorg Hofmann, Sebastien Calvignacspencer, Klemens Ruprecht, Peter Liman, Joachim E Kuhn, Hartmut Hengel, Bernhard EhlersAbstract:We identified a novel human Polyomavirus from a kidney transplant patient under immunosuppressive treatment, by use of a generic PCR. The genome of the virus was completely amplified and sequenced. In phylogenetic analyses, it appeared as the closest relative to the African green monkey-derived lymphotropic Polyomavirus (LPV). Further investigation of clinical samples from immunocompromised patients with specific nested PCR revealed additional positive samples, indicating that the virus naturally infects humans. The virus was tentatively named human Polyomavirus 9 (HPyV9). The previously observed seroreactivity to LPV in human populations might find a partial explanation in the circulation of HPyV9.
Vincent Foulongne - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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les Polyomavirus humains la famille s agrandit
Revue Francophone Des Laboratoires, 2012Co-Authors: Vincent FoulongneAbstract:Resume Les premiers Polyomavirus identifies ont ete des virus animaux qui presentaient des proprietes oncogenes, ce qui explique l’etymologie du nom de ces virus. Les representants humains de cette famille virale ont ete decrits un peu plus tardivement dans des situations d’immunodeficiences. Il s’agit du virus BK (BKPyV) responsable de nephropathies severes ou de cystites hemorragiques chez certains patients transplantes et du virus JC (JCPyV), agent etiologique de la leuco-encephalopathie multifocale progressive (LEMP) du sujet immunodeprime notamment lors d’infection par le VIH. Chez l’homme, le potentiel oncogene de ces deux virus, si il a longtemps ete suspecte, n’a jamais pu etre demontre. Ce n’est que plusieurs decennies plus tard que de nombreux nouveaux representants humains (7 a ce jour) ont ete caracterises, avec en particulier, le Polyomavirus des cellules Merkel (MCPyV) dont la responsabilite dans l’oncogenese d’un carcinome cutane rare mais agressif, le carcinome a cellule de Merkel, est aujourd’hui etablie. Les autres nouveaux Polyomavirus identifies sont les Polyomavirus KI (KIPyV) et WU (WUPyV) isoles dans des prelevements respiratoires, et les Polyomavirus 6, 7 et 9 (HPyV6, HPyV7, HPyV9) ainsi que le Trichodysplasia Spinulosa-associated Polyomavirus (TSPyV) isoles dans des tissus cutanes.
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Les Polyomavirus humains : la famille s’agrandit…!!!
Revue Francophone Des Laboratoires, 2012Co-Authors: Vincent FoulongneAbstract:Resume Les premiers Polyomavirus identifies ont ete des virus animaux qui presentaient des proprietes oncogenes, ce qui explique l’etymologie du nom de ces virus. Les representants humains de cette famille virale ont ete decrits un peu plus tardivement dans des situations d’immunodeficiences. Il s’agit du virus BK (BKPyV) responsable de nephropathies severes ou de cystites hemorragiques chez certains patients transplantes et du virus JC (JCPyV), agent etiologique de la leuco-encephalopathie multifocale progressive (LEMP) du sujet immunodeprime notamment lors d’infection par le VIH. Chez l’homme, le potentiel oncogene de ces deux virus, si il a longtemps ete suspecte, n’a jamais pu etre demontre. Ce n’est que plusieurs decennies plus tard que de nombreux nouveaux representants humains (7 a ce jour) ont ete caracterises, avec en particulier, le Polyomavirus des cellules Merkel (MCPyV) dont la responsabilite dans l’oncogenese d’un carcinome cutane rare mais agressif, le carcinome a cellule de Merkel, est aujourd’hui etablie. Les autres nouveaux Polyomavirus identifies sont les Polyomavirus KI (KIPyV) et WU (WUPyV) isoles dans des prelevements respiratoires, et les Polyomavirus 6, 7 et 9 (HPyV6, HPyV7, HPyV9) ainsi que le Trichodysplasia Spinulosa-associated Polyomavirus (TSPyV) isoles dans des tissus cutanes.
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human Polyomavirus related to african green monkey lymphotropic Polyomavirus
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2011Co-Authors: Virginie Sauvage, Vincent Foulongne, Justine Cheval, Meriadeg Ar Gouilh, Kevin Pariente, O Dereure, Jeanclaude Manuguerra, Jennifer Richardson, Marc Lecuit, Ana Maria BurguiereAbstract:While studying the virome of the skin surface of a patient with a Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) by using unbiased, high-throughput sequencing, we identified a human Polyomavirus nearly identical to human Polyomavirus 9, a virus recently reported in blood and urine of renal transplantion patients and closely related to the African green monkey lymphotropic Polyomavirus. Specific PCR analysis further identified this virus in 2/8 patients with MCC but in only 1/111 controls without MCC. This virus was shed for >20 months by the MCC index patient and was on the skin of the spouse of the index patient. These results provide information on the viral ecology of human skin and raise new questions regarding the pathology of virus-associated skin disorders.
Christopher B. Buck - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The case for BK Polyomavirus as a cause of bladder cancer.
Current Opinion in Virology, 2019Co-Authors: Gabriel J. Starrett, Christopher B. BuckAbstract:In 2014, the International Agency for Research on Cancer judged Merkel cell Polyomavirus (MCPyV) to be a probable human carcinogen. BK Polyomavirus (BKPyV, a distant cousin of MCPyV) was ruled a possible carcinogen. In this review, we argue that it has recently become reasonable to view both of these viruses as known human carcinogens. In particular, several complementary lines of evidence support a causal role for BKPyV in the development of bladder carcinomas affecting organ transplant patients. The expansion of inexpensive deep sequencing has opened new approaches to investigating the important question of whether BKPyV causes urinary tract cancers in the general population.
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Identification of a Second Raccoon-Associated Polyomavirus
Genome Announcements, 2017Co-Authors: Eileen M. Geoghegan, Nicole L Welch, Michael J. Yabsley, Molly E. Church, Patricia A. Pesavento, Christopher B. BuckAbstract:ABSTRACT Raccoon Polyomavirus 1 (RacPyV1) is the suspected cause of an outbreak of fatal brain tumors among raccoons (Procyon lotor) in the western United States. Spleen samples from Georgia raccoons were screened for Polyomaviruses. Although RacPyV1 was not detected, a previously unknown Polyomavirus, which we designate RacPyV2, was identified and sequenced.
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A Divergent Variant of the Eleventh Human Polyomavirus Species, Saint Louis Polyomavirus
Genome Announcements, 2013Co-Authors: Diana V. Pastrana, Peter C. Fitzgerald, Giao Q. Phan, Manish T. Raiji, Philip M. Murphy, David H. Mcdermott, Daniel Velez, Valery Bliskovsky, Alison A. Mcbride, Christopher B. BuckAbstract:The number of known human Polyomavirus (HPyV) species has been expanding rapidly in recent years. Several HPyVs, including BK Polyomavirus (BKV or BKPyV), JC Polyomavirus (JCV or JCPyV), Merkel cell Polyomavirus (MCV or MCPyV), and trichodysplasia spinulosa-associated Polyomavirus (TSV or TSPyV), are known to cause disease in immunocompromised individuals(1).OtherrecentlydiscoveredHPyVspecieshavenotyet been clearly associated with any disease. Saint Louis Polyomavirus (STLPyV) was recently discovered in human fecal samples collected in Malawi, the United States, and the Gambia (2). It is currently uncertain whether STLPyV is a bona fide human-tropic Polyomavirus species or was instead derived from a dietary source. In this genome announcement, we report a divergent variant of STLPyV isolated from condylomas (skin warts) surgically removed from the buttocks of a patient suffering from the primary immunodeficiency warts hypogammaglobulinemia infections and myelokathexis syndrome (WHIMS). Observation of STLPyV in a surface-sanitizedtissuespecimenstronglysuggeststhatSTLPyVproductively infects humans and thus can be considered the eleventh known HPyV. WepreviouslydiscoveredHPyV10inthissamesurgicalsample (3).ForHPyV10identification,thewartsweremincedandtreated withdetergentsandnucleases,andvirionswerepurifiedoutofthe resulting extract by ultracentrifugation. DNA was extracted from thepurifiedvirionsandsubjectedtorandom-primedrollingcircle amplification (RCA) (Templiphi, GE). Restriction fragments of the RCA product were subjected to plasmid-based cloning. This cloning-based approach revealed the presence of three viral species: human papillomavirus type 6 (HPV6), HPV124, and HPyV10. For discovery of the STLPyV variant, a portion of the RCA product was processed using Nextera reagents (Illumina) and subjected to deep sequencing (Illumina, Miseq), generating a total of 269,313 paired-end-reads. Of these reads, 2% showed homologytoknownhumanorbacterialsequenceswhenanalyzed
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complete genome sequence of a tenth human Polyomavirus
Journal of Virology, 2012Co-Authors: Christopher B. Buck, Giao Q. Phan, Manish T. Raiji, Philip M. Murphy, David H. Mcdermott, Alison A. McbrideAbstract:ABSTRACT Nine Polyomavirus (PyV) species are known to productively infect humans. The circular DNA genomes of PyVs are readily detectable using rolling circle amplification (RCA). RCA-based analysis of condyloma specimens from a patient with warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, and myelokathexis (WHIM) syndrome demonstrated the presence of a tenth apparently human-tropic Polyomavirus species, which we name HPyV10.
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merkel cell Polyomavirus and two previously unknown Polyomaviruses are chronically shed from human skin
Cell Host & Microbe, 2010Co-Authors: Rachel M Schowalter, Diana V. Pastrana, Katherine A Pumphrey, Adam L Moyer, Christopher B. BuckAbstract:Summary Mounting evidence indicates that Merkel cell Polyomavirus (MCV), a circular double-stranded DNA virus, is a causal factor underlying a highly lethal form of skin cancer known as Merkel cell carcinoma. To explore the possibility that MCV and other Polyomaviruses commonly inhabit healthy human skin, we developed an improved rolling circle amplification (RCA) technique to isolate circular DNA viral genomes from human skin swabs. Complete MCV genomes were recovered from 40% of healthy adult volunteers tested, providing full-length, apparently wild-type cloned MCV genomes. RCA analysis also identified two previously unknown Polyomavirus species that we name human Polyomavirus-6 (HPyV6) and HPyV7. Biochemical experiments show that Polyomavirus DNA is shed from the skin in the form of assembled virions. A pilot serological study indicates that infection or coinfection with these three skin-tropic Polyomaviruses is very common. Thus, at least three Polyomavirus species are constituents of the human skin microbiome.
Mariet C W Feltkamp - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Development and Evaluation of a Broad Bead-Based Multiplex Immunoassay To Measure IgG Seroreactivity against Human Polyomaviruses
Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2018Co-Authors: Sergio Kamminga, Antoine Touze, Els Van Der Meijden, Herman F. Wunderink, Hans L. Zaaijer, Mariet C W FeltkampAbstract:The family of Polyomaviruses, which cause severe disease in immunocompromised hosts, has expanded substantially in recent years. To accommodate measurement of IgG seroresponses against all currently known human Polyomaviruses (HPyVs), including the Lyon IARC Polyomavirus (LIPyV), we extended our custom multiplex bead-based HPyV immunoassay and evaluated the performance of this pan-HPyV immunoassay. The VP1 proteins of 15 HPyVs belonging to 13 Polyomavirus species were expressed as recombinant glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins and coupled to fluorescent Luminex beads. Sera from healthy blood donors and immunocompromised kidney transplant recipients were used to analyze seroreactivity against the different HPyVs. For BK Polyomavirus (BKPyV), the GST-VP1 fusion protein-directed seroresponses were compared to those obtained against BKPyV VP1 virus-like particles (VLP). Seroreactivity against most HPyVs was common and generally high in both test populations. Low seroreactivity against HPyV9, HPyV12, New Jersey PyV, and LIPyV was observed. The assay was reproducible (Pearson’s r2 0.84, P 0.001) and specific. Weak but consistent cross-reactivity between the related viruses HPyV6 and HPyV7 was observed. The seroresponses measured by the GST-VP1-based immunoassay and a VP1 VLP-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were highly correlated (Spearman’s 0.823, P 0.001). The bead-based pan-HPyV multiplex immunoassay is a reliable tool to determine HPyV-specific seroresponses with high reproducibility and specificity and is suitable for use in seroepidemiological studies.
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cidofovir gel as treatment of follicular spicules in multiple myeloma
JAMA Dermatology, 2015Co-Authors: Sander Van Boheemen, Terry C Jones, Barbara Muhlemann, Mariet C W Feltkamp, Ron A M Fouchier, Enes HajdarbegovicAbstract:Importance The cause of follicular spicules in multiple myeloma (MM) is not known. Observations We present a case of follicular spicules in a patient with MM, which is very reminiscent of trichodysplasia spinulosa caused by a Polyomavirus. No trichodysplasia spinulosa–associated Polyomavirus could be isolated from the skin lesions; however, the spicules were positive for Merkel cell carcinoma virus, which is also a Polyomavirus. Conclusions and Relevance Follicular spicules in MM are probably not caused by the trichodysplasia spinulosa–associated virus. Merkel cell Polyomavirus could contribute to the origin of this dermatosis.
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seroprevalence of trichodysplasia spinulosa associated Polyomavirus
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2011Co-Authors: Els Van Der Meijden, Siamaque Kazem, Manda M Burgers, Rene Janssens, Jan Nico Bouwes Bavinck, Hester E De Melker, Mariet C W FeltkampAbstract:We identified a new Polyomavirus in skin lesions from a patient with trichodysplasia spinulosa (TS). Apart from TS being an extremely rare disease, little is known of its epidemiology. On the basis of knowledge regarding other Polyomaviruses, we anticipated that infections with trichodysplasia spinulosa–associated Polyomavirus (TSV) occur frequently and become symptomatic only in immunocompromised patients. To investigate this hypothesis, we developed and used a Luminex-based TSV viral protein 1 immunoassay, excluded cross-reactivity with phylogenetically related Merkel cell Polyomavirus, and measured TSV seroreactivity. Highest reactivity was found in a TS patient. In 528 healthy persons in the Netherlands, a wide range of seroreactivities was measured and resulted in an overall TSV seroprevalence of 70% (range 10% in small children to 80% in adults). In 80 renal transplant patients, seroprevalence was 89%. Infection with the new TSV Polyomavirus is common and occurs primarily at a young age.
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discovery of a new human Polyomavirus associated with trichodysplasia spinulosa in an immunocompromized patient
PLOS Pathogens, 2010Co-Authors: Els Van Der Meijden, Rene Janssens, Jan Nico Bouwes Bavinck, Chris Lauber, Alexander E Gorbalenya, Mariet C W FeltkampAbstract:The Polyomaviridae constitute a family of small DNA viruses infecting a variety of hosts. In humans, Polyomaviruses can cause infections of the central nervous system, urinary tract, skin, and possibly the respiratory tract. Here we report the identification of a new human Polyomavirus in plucked facial spines of a heart transplant patient with trichodysplasia spinulosa, a rare skin disease exclusively seen in immunocompromized patients. The trichodysplasia spinulosa-associated Polyomavirus (TSV) genome was amplified through rolling-circle amplification and consists of a 5232-nucleotide circular DNA organized similarly to known Polyomaviruses. Two putative “early” (small and large T antigen) and three putative “late” (VP1, VP2, VP3) genes were identified. The TSV large T antigen contains several domains (e.g. J-domain) and motifs (e.g. HPDKGG, pRb family-binding, zinc finger) described for other Polyomaviruses and potentially involved in cellular transformation. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a close relationship of TSV with the Bornean orangutan Polyomavirus and, more distantly, the Merkel cell Polyomavirus that is found integrated in Merkel cell carcinomas of the skin. The presence of TSV in the affected patient's skin was confirmed by newly designed quantitative TSV-specific PCR, indicative of a viral load of 105 copies per cell. After topical cidofovir treatment, the lesions largely resolved coinciding with a reduction in TSV load. PCR screening demonstrated a 4% prevalence of TSV in an unrelated group of immunosuppressed transplant recipients without apparent disease. In conclusion, a new human Polyomavirus was discovered and identified as the possible cause of trichodysplasia spinulosa in immunocompromized patients. The presence of TSV also in clinically unaffected individuals suggests frequent virus transmission causing subclinical, probably latent infections. Further studies have to reveal the impact of TSV infection in relation to other populations and diseases.
Alison A. Mcbride - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Divergent Variant of the Eleventh Human Polyomavirus Species, Saint Louis Polyomavirus
Genome Announcements, 2013Co-Authors: Diana V. Pastrana, Peter C. Fitzgerald, Giao Q. Phan, Manish T. Raiji, Philip M. Murphy, David H. Mcdermott, Daniel Velez, Valery Bliskovsky, Alison A. Mcbride, Christopher B. BuckAbstract:The number of known human Polyomavirus (HPyV) species has been expanding rapidly in recent years. Several HPyVs, including BK Polyomavirus (BKV or BKPyV), JC Polyomavirus (JCV or JCPyV), Merkel cell Polyomavirus (MCV or MCPyV), and trichodysplasia spinulosa-associated Polyomavirus (TSV or TSPyV), are known to cause disease in immunocompromised individuals(1).OtherrecentlydiscoveredHPyVspecieshavenotyet been clearly associated with any disease. Saint Louis Polyomavirus (STLPyV) was recently discovered in human fecal samples collected in Malawi, the United States, and the Gambia (2). It is currently uncertain whether STLPyV is a bona fide human-tropic Polyomavirus species or was instead derived from a dietary source. In this genome announcement, we report a divergent variant of STLPyV isolated from condylomas (skin warts) surgically removed from the buttocks of a patient suffering from the primary immunodeficiency warts hypogammaglobulinemia infections and myelokathexis syndrome (WHIMS). Observation of STLPyV in a surface-sanitizedtissuespecimenstronglysuggeststhatSTLPyVproductively infects humans and thus can be considered the eleventh known HPyV. WepreviouslydiscoveredHPyV10inthissamesurgicalsample (3).ForHPyV10identification,thewartsweremincedandtreated withdetergentsandnucleases,andvirionswerepurifiedoutofthe resulting extract by ultracentrifugation. DNA was extracted from thepurifiedvirionsandsubjectedtorandom-primedrollingcircle amplification (RCA) (Templiphi, GE). Restriction fragments of the RCA product were subjected to plasmid-based cloning. This cloning-based approach revealed the presence of three viral species: human papillomavirus type 6 (HPV6), HPV124, and HPyV10. For discovery of the STLPyV variant, a portion of the RCA product was processed using Nextera reagents (Illumina) and subjected to deep sequencing (Illumina, Miseq), generating a total of 269,313 paired-end-reads. Of these reads, 2% showed homologytoknownhumanorbacterialsequenceswhenanalyzed
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complete genome sequence of a tenth human Polyomavirus
Journal of Virology, 2012Co-Authors: Christopher B. Buck, Giao Q. Phan, Manish T. Raiji, Philip M. Murphy, David H. Mcdermott, Alison A. McbrideAbstract:ABSTRACT Nine Polyomavirus (PyV) species are known to productively infect humans. The circular DNA genomes of PyVs are readily detectable using rolling circle amplification (RCA). RCA-based analysis of condyloma specimens from a patient with warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, and myelokathexis (WHIM) syndrome demonstrated the presence of a tenth apparently human-tropic Polyomavirus species, which we name HPyV10.
