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Ozgur Akgun Karabulut - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the application of various disinfectants by fogging for decreasing Postharvest Diseases of strawberry
Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2012Co-Authors: Canan Vardar, Kadir Ilhan, Ozgur Akgun KarabulutAbstract:Abstract In this study, chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ), sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), citric acid (C 6 H 8 O 7 ) and ethanol (EtOH) were applied to strawberry fruit using a fogger with an ultrasonic aerosol generator that can produce spheres at 1.2 μm in diameter. Fruit were treated at room temperature for 30 min while with the fogger operating and for an additional 30 min in the fog consisting of disinfectants. Treated fruit were stored at 1 °C for 5 days and an additional 2 days at 20 °C. The percentage of infected fruit and microorganism populations on the surface of the fruit and in the storage air were evaluated to determine the efficacy of treatments. Chlorine dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, citric acid and ethanol significantly reduced the percentage of infected fruit. The percentage of decay was reduced to 14.5% from 83.2% by the hydrogen peroxide treatment at 2000 μL L −1 and to 32.5% by sodium hypochlorite at 2000 μL L −1 in the first experiment. In addition, all chemicals significantly reduced the total number of microorganisms on the fruit surface and in the storage atmosphere. Hydrogen peroxide at 2000 μL L −1 achieved approximately a 2 log reduction on the surface microorganism population in the first experiment. The study showed that application of disinfectants by fogging was effective in reducing Postharvest Diseases of strawberry.
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integrated control of Postharvest Diseases of sweet cherry with yeast antagonists and sodium bicarbonate applications within a hydrocooler
Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2005Co-Authors: Ozgur Akgun Karabulut, Kadir Ilhan, Umit Arslan, Gul KuruogluAbstract:Abstract In vitro experiments showed that sodium bicarbonate (SBC) was effective in inhibiting the growth of Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum . Radial growth of B. cinerea and P. expansum was completely inhibited at 0.12 M (1%) SBC. Spore germination of B. cinerea and P. expansum was completely inhibited in PDA containing 0.03 M (0.25%) SBC. Three storage experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of two yeast antagonists alone or in combination with SBC to control Postharvest Diseases of sweet cherry. In all experiments, treatments were applied to fruit within a hydrocooler prototype. Treatments with Kloeckera apiculata , Metschnikowia fructicola , SBC or their combinations significantly reduced the total decay incidence and the decay incidence caused by B. cinerea and P. expansum . The efficacy of SBC treatments at 0.12 and 0.24 M (2%) was equal. The total decay incidence of fruit treated with K. apiculata , M. fructicola , at 0.12 M and 0.24 SBC, and control was 56.6, 49.5, 56.8, 47.2 and 87.3%, respectively. M. fructicola and K. apiculata populations changed little during 60 days of storage at 0 °C. The population of K. apiculata on fruit treated with the combination of yeast and 0.12 and 0.24 M SBC was significantly lower than a stand-alone treatment of K. apiculata . Similar results were recorded on fruit treated with the combination of M. fructicola and 0.24 M SBC. Yeast antagonists did not harm the appearance of fruit while 0.24 M SBC caused a slight injury on stems of fruit.
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integrated control of Postharvest Diseases of peaches with a yeast antagonist hot water and modified atmosphere packaging
Crop Protection, 2004Co-Authors: Ozgur Akgun Karabulut, Necati BaykalAbstract:Abstract An integrated approach was studied for the control of Postharvest Diseases of peaches including application of a yeast antagonist ( Candida oleophila ), hot water treatment at 55°C for 10 s, and storage in modified atmosphere at 0°C. We evaluated the efficacy of all three tactics, both as stand-alone treatments and in combination. Hot water and yeast antagonist as stand-alone treatments were not effective in controlling Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum infections on wound-inoculated peaches. In contrast, modified atmosphere packaging alone significantly reduced lesion diameters caused by the infections of both pathogens after 45 days storage at 0°C and 5 days at 24°C. The biocontrol activity of yeast antagonist was improved when yeast treatment was combined with modified atmosphere packaging. The results also indicate that all of the treatments significantly reduced the decay incidence caused by natural infections after 45 days of storage at 0°C followed by 5 days at 24°C. The highest efficacy was achieved by the combination of all three tactics. None of the treatments caused surface damage to fruits or impaired quality.
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control of Postharvest Diseases of organically grown strawberry with preharvest applications of some food additives and Postharvest hot water dips
Journal of Phytopathology, 2004Co-Authors: Ozgur Akgun Karabulut, Umit Arslan, Gul KuruogluAbstract:Ethanol at 50% (v/v) and sodium bicarbonate at 1% (wt/v), either alone or in combination, were applied to organically grown strawberries 1 h before harvest to control the natural incidence of Postharvest Diseases. Botrytis cinerea was the major cause of decay in all of the experiments. In three experiments, ethanol significantly reduced the decay incidence after storage for 3 days at 1°C followed by 2 days at 24°C, while the efficacy of sodium bicarbonate was inconsistent. The combination of ethanol and sodium bicarbonate did not increase their efficacy. Postharvest hot water dips at 55 and 60°C for 30 s significantly reduced the decay incidence to 3.4 and 2.7%, respectively, while decay incidence in the control was 28.5% (the first experiment). The efficacy of the hot water treatments at 55 and 60°C for 30 s was consistent in three experiments. In the third experiment, the efficacy of hot water treatment at 60°C was significantly higher than that of hot water treatment at 55°C. All pre- and Postharvest treatments significantly reduced natural fungal populations on the surfaces of fruits. None of the pre- and Postharvest treatments caused surface injuries to the fruit or adversely affected weight loss and taste parameters.
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near harvest applications of metschnikowia fructicola ethanol and sodium bicarbonate to control Postharvest Diseases of grape in central california
Plant Disease, 2003Co-Authors: Ozgur Akgun Karabulut, Monir Mansour, Franka Mlikota Gabler, Joseph L Smilanick, Samir DrobyAbstract:ABSTRACT The yeast Metschnikowia fructicola, ethanol, and sodium bicarbonate (SBC), alone or in combinations, were applied to table grapes on vines 24 h before harvest to control the incidence of Postharvest Diseases. In four experiments, all significantly reduced the total number of decayed berries caused by Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria spp., or Aspergillus niger after storage for 30 days at 1°C followed by 2 days at 20°C. In three experiments, a mean gray mold incidence (caused by B. cinerea) of 34.2 infected berries per kilogram among untreated grape was reduced by Metschnikowia fructicola at 2 × 107 CFU/ml, ethanol at 50% (vol/vol), or SBC at 2% (wt/vol) to 12.9, 8.1, or 10.6 infected berries per kilogram, respectively. Ethanol, SBC, and SO2 generator pads were similarly effective. M. fructicola effectiveness was not improved when combined with ethanol or SBC treatments. Ethanol and yeast treatments did not harm the appearance of the grapes. M. fructicola and SBC left noticeable residues, and SBC caus...
Michael Wisniewski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Biological Control of Postharvest Diseases of Fruit: Inhibition Of Botrytis Rot On Apple by an Antagonistic Yeast
Proceedings annual meeting Electron Microscopy Society of America, 2020Co-Authors: Michael Wisniewski, Edo Chalutz, Charles L. Wilson, W. HershbergerAbstract:As an alternative to fungicides, biological control of Postharvest Diseases of fruit has recently met with good success with peaches and apples and is an area of great potential. In contrast to previous study, we were particularly interested in finding antagonists that did not produce antibiotics as part of their mode of action. After extensive screening, several yeast and bacteria were identified that exhibited biocontrol of a number of Postharvest disease organisms. In particular, the yeast, Debaryomyces hansenii, indicated great potential as a biocontrol agent without exhibiting antibiotic production as a mode of action. It has been recently shown to effectively control decay on citrus caused by Penicillium digitatum, Penicilliim italicum and Geotrichum candidum. The present report is the first to document the use of D. hansenii to control Postharvest decay of apples by Botrytis cinerea and present possible inodes of action.To test for biocontrol activity, apples (cv Golden Delicious) ware wounded with a 4 nm cork borer to a depth of 5 mm.
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genome sequence assembly and characterization of two metschnikowia fructicola strains used as biocontrol agents of Postharvest Diseases
Frontiers in Microbiology, 2018Co-Authors: Edoardo Piombo, Michael Wisniewski, Noa Sela, Maria Hoffmann, Maria Lodovica Gullino, Marc W Allard, Elena Levin, D Spadaro, Samir DrobyAbstract:Abstract The yeast Metschnikowia fructicola was reported as an efficient biological control agent of Postharvest Diseases of fruits and vegetables, and it is the bases of the commercial formulated product "Shemer".. Several mechanisms of action by which M. fructicola inhibits Postharvest pathogens were suggested including iron-binding compounds, induction of defense signaling genes, production of fungal cell wall degrading enzymes and relatively high amounts of superoxide anionss. We assembled the whole genome sequence of two strains of M. fructicola using PacBio and Illumina shotgun sequencing technologies. Using the PacBio, a high-quality draft genome consisting of 93 contigs, with an estimated genome size of approximately 26 Mb, was obtained. Comparative analysis of M. fructicola proteins with the other three available closely-relatedclosely related genomes revealed a shared core of homologous proteins coded by 5,776 genes. Comparing the genomes of the two M. fructicola strains using a SNP calling approach resulted in the identification of 564,302 homologous SNPs with a total of 2,0042,004 predicted high impact mutations. The size of the genome is exceptionally high when compared with those of available closely-relatedclosely related organisms, and the high rate of homology among M. fructicola genes points towards a recent whole-genome duplication event as the cause of this large genome. Based on the assembled genome, sequences were annotated with a gene description and gene ontology (GO term) and clustered in functional groups. Analysis of CAZymes family genes revealed 1,145 putative genes, and transcriptomic analysis of CAZyme expression levels in M. fructicola during its interaction with either grapefruit peel tissue or Penicillium digitatum revealed a high level of CAZyme gene expression when the yeast was placed in wounded fruit tissue.
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evaluation of yeasts obtained from antarctic soil samples as biocontrol agents for the management of Postharvest Diseases of apple malus domestica
Fems Yeast Research, 2013Co-Authors: Silvana Vero, Gabriela Garmendia, Belen M Gonzalez, O Bentancur, Michael WisniewskiAbstract:Psychrotrophic yeasts were isolated from Antarctic soils, selected based on their ability to grow in apple juice at low temperatures, and were evaluated as potential biocontrol agents for the management of Postharvest Diseases of apple during cold storage. Among the species recovered, an isolate of Leucosporidium scottii , designated At17, was identified as a good biocontrol agent for blue and gray mold of two apple cultivars. The selected isolate produced soluble and volatile antifungal substances that were inhibitory to apple pathogens. Siderophore production was also demonstrated, but it did not appear to play a role in pathogen inhibition. The selected yeast had the capacity to form a biofilm when grown in apple juice, which is considered an important attribute of Postharvest antagonists to successfully colonize wounds and intact fruit surfaces. At17 was resistant to commonly used Postharvest fungicides, so application of a combination of low-dose fungicide along with the biocontrol agent could be used as an integrated management practice.
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biologically based alternatives to synthetic fungicides for the control of Postharvest Diseases of fruit and vegetables
2004Co-Authors: Charles L. Wilson, Ahmed El Ghaouth, Michael WisniewskiAbstract:Considerable amounts of fruits and vegetables are lost to spoilage after harvest. This loss can range from 10–50% depending on the commodity and country. Presently, synthetic fungicides are the primary means of controlling Postharvest Diseases of fruits and vegetables. Public concern over food safety, however, has enhanced interest to find effective alternatives to fungicides to control Postharvest Diseases of fruits and vegetables. Currently, several promising biological approaches that include microbial antagonists, naturally-occuring antifungal compounds, and induced resistance have been advanced as potential alternatives to synthetic fungicides for Postharvest disease control. Among the proposed alternatives, the use of antagonistic microorganisms and chitosan as a pre-storage treatment of fruit and vegetables has been the most studied and substantial progress has been made in these areas. Unfortunately, the efficacy of some biological control antagonists evaluated under simulated and actual commercial conditions has been irregular unless they are combined with other treatments, such as low rates of fungicides. The fundamental basis, the potential, and the limitations of the different biological approaches and the advantages of a multifaceted strategy will be presented.
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application of candida saitoana and glycolchitosan for the control of Postharvest Diseases of apple and citrus fruit under semi commercial conditions
Plant Disease, 2000Co-Authors: Ahmed Elghaouth, Michael Wisniewski, Antonio Ippolito, Joseph L Smilanick, Eldon G Brown, Charles L. WilsonAbstract:El-Ghaouth, A., Smilanick, J. L., Brown, G. E., Ippolito, A., Wisniewski, M., and Wilson, C. L. 2000. Application of Candida saitoana and glycolchitosan for the control of Postharvest Diseases of apple and citrus fruit under semi-commercial cond itions. Plant Dis. 84:243-248. The efficacy of the combination of Candida saitoana with 0.2% glycolchitosan (the bioactive coating) as a biocontrol treatment of Postharvest Diseases of apple and citrus fruit was evaluated in tests with natural inoculations that simulated commercial packinghouse cond itions. The growth of C. saitoana in apple wounds and on fruit surf aces was not affected by glycolchitosan. The bioactive coating was more effective in controlling decay of several cultivars of apples (Red Delicious, Rome, Golden Delicious, and Empire) than either C. saitoana or 0.2% glycolchitosan alone. Depending on the apple cultivar used, the bioactive coating was comparable or superior to thiabendazole in reducing decay. The bioactive coating was also superior to C. saitoana in controlling decay of oranges (cvs. Washington navel, Valencia, Pineapple, and Hamlin) and cv. Eureka lemons, and the control level was equivalent to that with imazalil. The bioactive coating and imazalil treatments offered consistent control of decay on Washington navel oranges and Eureka lemons in early and late seasons, while C. saitoana or 0.2% glycolchitosan were most effective on early-season fruit. The combination of C. saitoana with 0.2% glycolchitosan also reduced the incidence of stem-end rot of cv. Valencia oranges, but control was less effective than treatment with imazalil.
Charles L. Wilson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Biological Control of Postharvest Diseases of Fruit: Inhibition Of Botrytis Rot On Apple by an Antagonistic Yeast
Proceedings annual meeting Electron Microscopy Society of America, 2020Co-Authors: Michael Wisniewski, Edo Chalutz, Charles L. Wilson, W. HershbergerAbstract:As an alternative to fungicides, biological control of Postharvest Diseases of fruit has recently met with good success with peaches and apples and is an area of great potential. In contrast to previous study, we were particularly interested in finding antagonists that did not produce antibiotics as part of their mode of action. After extensive screening, several yeast and bacteria were identified that exhibited biocontrol of a number of Postharvest disease organisms. In particular, the yeast, Debaryomyces hansenii, indicated great potential as a biocontrol agent without exhibiting antibiotic production as a mode of action. It has been recently shown to effectively control decay on citrus caused by Penicillium digitatum, Penicilliim italicum and Geotrichum candidum. The present report is the first to document the use of D. hansenii to control Postharvest decay of apples by Botrytis cinerea and present possible inodes of action.To test for biocontrol activity, apples (cv Golden Delicious) ware wounded with a 4 nm cork borer to a depth of 5 mm.
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Biological Control of Postharvest Diseases of Fruits and Vegetables Through Manipulation of Epiphytic Plant Microflora
Biotechnology and Food Safety, 2014Co-Authors: Edo Chalutz, Charles L. WilsonAbstract:The opportunity exists to biologically control plant pathogens by manipulating the epiphytic microflora on plant surfaces. Epiphytic populations can be modified by changing environmental conditions such as the nutrient milieu, or by introducing antagonistic microorganisms. We have studied control of Postharvest Diseases of fruits and vegetables using naturally occurring antagonistic yeasts and bacteria. Antagonistic microorganisms appear to be exceptionally effective as biological control agents in the Postharvest environment because they can be targeted where they are needed and the environmental conditions required for high efficacy can be controlled. Effective antagonists may inhibit Postharvest pathogens by the production of antibiotics, by successfully competing with the pathogens for nutrients and space, by inducing host resistance, and by interacting directly with the pathogen. Biological control of Postharvest Diseases by the use of non-antibiotic-producing antagonists may provide an effective and safe alternative to synthetic pesticides for the control of Postharvest Diseases of fruits and vegetables.
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chitosan as a potential natural compound to control pre and Postharvest Diseases of horticultural commodities
Crop Protection, 2006Co-Authors: Silvia Bautistabanos, A N Hernandezlauzardo, M Velazquezdel G Valle, Monica Hernandezlopez, Ait E Barka, E Bosquezmolina, Charles L. WilsonAbstract:Chitosan, a given name to a deacetylated form of chitin, is a natural biodegradable compound derived from crustaceous shells such as crabs and shrimps, whose main attributes corresponds to its polycationic nature. Chitosan has been proven to control numerous pre and Postharvest Diseases on various horticultural commodities. It has been reported that both soil and foliar plant pathogens fungal, bacterial and viral may be controlled by chitosan application. Microscopical observations indicate that chitosan has a direct effect on the morphology of the chitosan-treated microorganism reflecting its fungistatic or fungicidal potential. In addition to its direct microbial activity, other studies strongly suggest that chitosan induces a series of defence reactions correlated with enzymatic activities. Chitosan has been shown to increase the production of glucanohydrolases, phenolic compounds and synthesis of specific phytoalexins with antifungal activity, and also reduces macerating enzymes such as polygalacturonases, pectin metil esterase etc. In addition, chitosan induces structural barriers for example inducing the synthesis of lignin-like material. For some horticultural and ornamental commodities, chitosan increased harvested yield. Due to its ability to form a semipermeable coating, chitosan extends the shelf life of treated fruit and vegetables by minimizing the rate of respiration and reducing water loss. As a nontoxic biodegradable material, as well as an elicitor, chitosan has the potential to become a new class of plant protectant, assisting towards the goal of sustainable agriculture.
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biologically based alternatives to synthetic fungicides for the control of Postharvest Diseases of fruit and vegetables
2004Co-Authors: Charles L. Wilson, Ahmed El Ghaouth, Michael WisniewskiAbstract:Considerable amounts of fruits and vegetables are lost to spoilage after harvest. This loss can range from 10–50% depending on the commodity and country. Presently, synthetic fungicides are the primary means of controlling Postharvest Diseases of fruits and vegetables. Public concern over food safety, however, has enhanced interest to find effective alternatives to fungicides to control Postharvest Diseases of fruits and vegetables. Currently, several promising biological approaches that include microbial antagonists, naturally-occuring antifungal compounds, and induced resistance have been advanced as potential alternatives to synthetic fungicides for Postharvest disease control. Among the proposed alternatives, the use of antagonistic microorganisms and chitosan as a pre-storage treatment of fruit and vegetables has been the most studied and substantial progress has been made in these areas. Unfortunately, the efficacy of some biological control antagonists evaluated under simulated and actual commercial conditions has been irregular unless they are combined with other treatments, such as low rates of fungicides. The fundamental basis, the potential, and the limitations of the different biological approaches and the advantages of a multifaceted strategy will be presented.
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application of candida saitoana and glycolchitosan for the control of Postharvest Diseases of apple and citrus fruit under semi commercial conditions
Plant Disease, 2000Co-Authors: Ahmed Elghaouth, Michael Wisniewski, Antonio Ippolito, Joseph L Smilanick, Eldon G Brown, Charles L. WilsonAbstract:El-Ghaouth, A., Smilanick, J. L., Brown, G. E., Ippolito, A., Wisniewski, M., and Wilson, C. L. 2000. Application of Candida saitoana and glycolchitosan for the control of Postharvest Diseases of apple and citrus fruit under semi-commercial cond itions. Plant Dis. 84:243-248. The efficacy of the combination of Candida saitoana with 0.2% glycolchitosan (the bioactive coating) as a biocontrol treatment of Postharvest Diseases of apple and citrus fruit was evaluated in tests with natural inoculations that simulated commercial packinghouse cond itions. The growth of C. saitoana in apple wounds and on fruit surf aces was not affected by glycolchitosan. The bioactive coating was more effective in controlling decay of several cultivars of apples (Red Delicious, Rome, Golden Delicious, and Empire) than either C. saitoana or 0.2% glycolchitosan alone. Depending on the apple cultivar used, the bioactive coating was comparable or superior to thiabendazole in reducing decay. The bioactive coating was also superior to C. saitoana in controlling decay of oranges (cvs. Washington navel, Valencia, Pineapple, and Hamlin) and cv. Eureka lemons, and the control level was equivalent to that with imazalil. The bioactive coating and imazalil treatments offered consistent control of decay on Washington navel oranges and Eureka lemons in early and late seasons, while C. saitoana or 0.2% glycolchitosan were most effective on early-season fruit. The combination of C. saitoana with 0.2% glycolchitosan also reduced the incidence of stem-end rot of cv. Valencia oranges, but control was less effective than treatment with imazalil.
Dharini Sivakumar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of chitosan treatment on avocado Postharvest Diseases and expression of phenylalanine ammonia lyase chitinase and lipoxygenase genes
Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2019Co-Authors: Chinelo Obianom, G Romanazzi, Dharini SivakumarAbstract:Abstract Stem-end rot (Lasiodiplodia theobromae) and anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) are major Postharvest Diseases in avocado that cause severe Postharvest losses throughout the supply chain. One of the strategies to reduce development of such decay agents resides in the application of resistance inducers (e.g. chitosan), capable of reducing fungal growth and inducing resistance in fruit tissues. The influence of chitosan treatment (1% or 1.5% w/v) was investigated on decay incidence, gene expression of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chitinase (CHI) and lipoxygenase (LOX) and antioxidant enzyme activity [superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)] in i) drop-inoculated (without wounding) or ii) artificially infected (with wounding) avocado (cv. ‘Hass’) with L. theobromae or C. gloeosporioides pathogens and also in iii) naturally infected (natural inoculum) avocado. Fruit were dipped in 1% or 1.5% w/v chitosan dissolved in water for 3 min, followed by storage for 14 d and 28 d respectively at 7.5 °C, and thereafter for 5 d at 18 °C to simulate market shelf conditions. Chitosan at 1.5% significantly reduced the incidence of stem-end rot and anthracnose in both inoculated and naturally infected avocados. The up-regulation of PAL and down-regulation of LOX genes moderately allowed higher epicatechin contents (90 mg kg−1 FW) in the exocarp, which could have contributed to improved anthracnose control. The up-regulation of CHI genes and higher SOD activity could have contributed to control of stem-end rot. Chitosan solution (1.5%) retained moderate levels of C7 sugars and firmness up to 5 d shelf life. The control of stem-end rot and anthracnose of avocados obtained with 1.5% chitosan can be ascribed to a combination of its antifungal and eliciting properties.
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control of Postharvest Diseases of rambutan using cinnamaldehyde
Crop Protection, 2002Co-Authors: Dharini Sivakumar, R Wilson S Wijeratnam, R L C Wijesundera, M AbeyesekereAbstract:Abstract Rambutan ( Nephelium lappaceum L.) fruits have relatively short storage and shelf life, mostly because of losses to Postharvest Diseases caused by pathogenic fungi. Fungicides cannot be used to control the Diseases because of unacceptable residues. Laboratory experiments demonstrated that 30 ppm cinnamaldehyde completely inhibited mycelial growth and germination of conidia of Botryodiplodia theobromae , Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Gliocephalotrichum microchlamydosporum which cause the Postharvest Diseases, stem-end rot, anthracnose and brown spot, respectively. When cinnamaldehyde (30 ppm) impregnated blotting sheets were used in commercial packaging, incidence and severity of all three Postharvest Diseases decreased. Treated fruits retained colour, overall quality and sensory characters at 13.5°C and 95% RH for 14 days.
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Control of Postharvest Diseases of rambutan using controlled atmosphere storage and potassium metabisulphite orTrichoderma harzianum
Phytoparasitica, 2002Co-Authors: Dharini Sivakumar, R Wilson S Wijeratnam, R L C Wijesundera, M AbeyesekereAbstract:Botryodiplodia theobromae, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides andGliocephalotrichum microchlamydosporum are the causal fungi of three rambutan Postharvest Diseases, stemend rot, anthracnose and brown spot, respectively. Two different treatments of rambutan fruits to control the Diseases were investigated: application of potassium metabisulphite (250 ppm) or culture filtrate ofTrichoderma harzianum (TrH 40) followed by controlled atmosphere storage (CA) at 13.5°C and 95% r.h. Potassium metabisulphite at 250 ppm under CA effectively controlled the incidence and severity of the three Postharvest Diseases and maintained the eating quality and color of the fruit for 21 days. The greatest effect of this treatment was on brown spot disease, caused byG. microchlamydosporum. Application of TrH 40 was less effective than potassium metabisuphite.
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Combined effect of generally regarded as safe (GRAS) compounds andTrichoderma harzianum on the control of Postharvest Diseases of rambutan
Phytoparasitica, 2002Co-Authors: Dharini Sivakumar, R Wilson S Wijeratnam, M Abeyesekere, R L C WijesunderaAbstract:Botryodiplodia theobromae, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Gliocephalotrichum microchlamydosporum are the causal fungi of the rambutan Postharvest Diseases stem-end rot, anthracnose and brown spot, respectively. Two different treatments of rambutan fruits (Nephelium lappaceum) against the three pathogens were compared: potassium metabisulphite (250 ppm) or cinnamaldehyde (30 ppm), each combined with Trichoderma harzianum (TrH 40). The application of TrH 40 and potassium metabisulphite effectively controlled the incidence and severity of the three Postharvest Diseases and maintained the overall quality and color of the fruit under low temperature storage at 13.5°C and 95% r.h. for 18 days. The greatest effect of this treatment was shown on G. microchlamydosporum. Cinnamaldehyde affected the growth and germination of TrH 40, whereas potassium metabisulphite did not.
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Combined effect of generally regarded as safe (GRAS) compounds and Trichoderma harzianum on the control of Postharvest Diseases of rambutan
Phytoparasitica, 2002Co-Authors: Dharini Sivakumar, R Wilson S Wijeratnam, M Abeyesekere, R L C WijesunderaAbstract:Botryodiplodia theobromae, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides andGliocephalotrichum microchlamydosporum are the causal fungi of the rambutan Postharvest Diseases stem-end rot, anthracnose and brown spot, respectively. Two different treatments of rambutan fruits(Nephelium lappaceum) against the three pathogens were compared: potassium metabisulphite (250 ppm) or cinnamaldehyde (30 ppm), each combined withTrichoderma harzianum (TrH 40). The application of TrH 40 and potassium metabisulphite effectively controlled the incidence and severity of the three Postharvest Diseases and maintained the overall quality and color of the fruit under low temperature storage at 13.5°C and 95% r.h. for 18 days. The greatest effect of this treatment was shown onG. microchlamydosporum. Cinnamaldehyde affected the growth and germination of TrH 40, whereas potassium metabisulphite did not.
Shiping Tian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Management of Postharvest Diseases in Stone and Pome Fruit Crops
General Concepts in Integrated Pest and Disease Management, 2020Co-Authors: Shiping TianAbstract:Diseases caused by fungal pathogens in harvested fresh fruit are one of the most serious losses of production. In this chapter we introduce the major Postharvest Diseases in stone and pome fruits and their infection process. Conditions affecting pathogen infection and disease development are illustrated. Approaches of Postharvest disease control in fruit are discussed, particularly including recent biotechnologies, such as biological control through antagonistic yeasts and resistance induction by biotic and abiotic factors.
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effects of yeast antagonists in combination with hot water treatment on Postharvest Diseases of tomato fruit
Biological Control, 2010Co-Authors: Yuanyuan Zong, Boqiang Li, Shiping TianAbstract:Hot water treatment (HWT) and two yeast antagonists, Candida guilliermondii and Pichia membranaefaciens were investigated separately and together for controlling Botrytis cinerea, and natural infection in tomato fruit stored at 20 °C. Applied separately, both HWT and antagonists inhibited decay caused by B. cinerea, and natural infection. The combination of antagonists and HWT showed better control efficacy. Application of HWT did not affect the growth of C. guilliermondii and P. membranaefaciens in tomato wounds, while HWT induced significant increase in the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chitinase (CHI) and β-1,3-glucanase in fruit. The mechanism by which HWT enhanced the biocontrol efficacy of the antagonistic yeasts may be related to the elicitation of biochemical defense responses in tomato fruit. The combination of antagonistic yeasts and HWT could be a promising method for the control of Postharvest Diseases of tomato fruit.
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effects of a biocontrol agent and methyl jasmonate on Postharvest Diseases of peach fruit and the possible mechanisms involved
Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2005Co-Authors: Shiping TianAbstract:H.J. YAO AND S.P. TIAN. 2005. Aims: To investigate effects of application of 200 lmol l )1 methyl jasmonate [MeJA (200)] and Cryptococcus laurentii alone or in combination against Postharvest Diseases (Monilinia fructicola and Penicillium expansum) in peach fruit stored at 25 and 0� C, and to evaluate the possible mechanisms involved. Methods and Results: The efficacy of controlling Postharvest Diseases by resistance induced in peach fruit treated with MeJA (200) and C. laurentii alone or in combination and the relationship between activities of defence-related enzymes in peach fruit and lesions caused by M. fructicola and P. expansum were examined. At the same time, the effects of MeJA (200) on the population of C. laurentii in the peach wounds and on the mycelial growth of M. fructicola and P. expansum in vitro were investigated. The results indicated that treatment of peach fruit with C. laurentii at 1 · 10 8 CFU ml )1 alone, or combining C. laurentii at 5 · 10 7 CFU ml )1 with MeJA (200) all resulted in a lower lesion diameter of brown rot and blue mould caused by M. fructicola and P. expansum compared with the controls in peach fruit. MeJA (200) enhanced the population of C. laurentii, and inhibited mycelial growth of P. expansum. However, it had a little effect on M. fructicola in vitro. MeJA and C. laurentii alone or in combination induced higher activities of Chitinase, b-1,3-glucanase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and peroxidase (POD) than applying the yeast alone at both 25 and 0� C. Conclusions: MeJA (200) not only directly inhibited mycelial spread of Postharvest pathogens, but also increased population of C. laurentii, which induced stronger disease resistance in fruit than MeJA or yeast alone, and resulted in a lower lesion diameter of brown rot and blue mould caused by M. fructicola and P. expansum. Significance and Impact of the Study: MeJA (200) in combination with C. laurentii was beneficial for controlling brown rot and blue mould caused by M. fructicola and P. expansum in peach fruit. The inhibitory mechanism was mainly because of resistance induced in peach fruit by MeJA and C. laurentii. In addition, direct inhibition of MeJA on P. expansum also played a role in controlling blue mould.
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Applications of Calcium Treatment in Controlling Postharvest Diseases of Fruit
2002Co-Authors: Shiping TianAbstract:Calcium has been proved to play a key role in the growth and development of fruit. Many physiological disorders and Diseases caused by Postharvest pathogens are related to calcium deficiency in the tissue of fruit. Calcium treatment in combination with other methods such as controlled atmosphere (CA), heating, and biological control has shown a marked efficacy in reducing Postharvest losses. This review presents the mechanism of calcium on controlling Postharvest Diseases of fruit, methods of calcium treatment, factors affecting calcium uptake, as well as combination of calcium with other treatments. In addition, major problems that may occur in calcium treatment and viable methods to solve them are also discussed.