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Ian Tizard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Pathogenesis of Proventricular Dilatation Disease Caused by Parrot Bornaviruses: A Possible Role For Neuropeptide Y (Npy)
2020Co-Authors: Jingshu Chen, Jianhua Guo, Yanan Tian, Ian TizardAbstract:Abstract Background Psittacine Bornaviruses cause a unique Disease syndrome in parrots and related birds. Known as Proventricular Dilatation Disease (PDD), it is characterized by massive Dilatation of their proventriculus as a result of excessive food accumulation within that organ. This leads to gastric obstruction and eventually, to death by starvation. Results In a preliminary study on the transcriptome of psittacine bornavirus-infected human astroglia it was noted that the gene encoding neuropeptide Y was significantly upregulated. In a subsequent study of cockatiels experimentally infected with the same strain of psittacine bornavirus, their brains were examined by RNA-seq to determine which genes were being actively transcribed. It was confirmed that among the genes whose expression was significantly increased relative to control, uninfected birds was that for neuropeptide Y. Conclusions Neuropeptide Y is known to cause overeating in birds. We hypothesize therefore that the clinical manifestations of Proventricular Dilatation Disease are a result of the excessive production of neuropeptide Y by bornavirus-infected brain cells acting in association with damage to the neurons of the Proventricular myenteric plexus.
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Campylobacter colonization is not associated with Proventricular Dilatation Disease in psittacines
Veterinary medicine (Auckland N.Z.), 2017Co-Authors: Holden Bulbow, Debra Turner, Michael S. Mcentire, Ian TizardAbstract:Psittacine Proventricular Dilatation Disease (PDD) is a neurological Disease caused by parrot bornaviruses. A competing theory suggests that intestinal colonization by Campylobacter species may also be a potential cause of PDD or that their presence may be required for Disease development. This theory proposes that PDD results from the activities of antiganglioside antibodies on enteric neurons in a manner similar to the pathogenesis of Guillain-Barre syndrome in humans. We therefore cultured feces from domestic chickens as well as from multiple parrot species to determine whether Campylobacter spp. could be detected in the latter. We failed to detect Campylobacter in a flock of cockatiels known to be highly susceptible to experimental parrot bornavirus-induced PDD. Even in naturally infected psittacines suffering from clinical PDD, no Campylobacter species were detected. Conversely, Campylobacter was readily cultured from domestic poultry samples and confirmed by using matrix-associated laser desorption ionization mass spectroscopy/real-time polymerase chain reaction. We conclude that not only are Campylobacter infections of psittacines uncommon, but also that infection by Campylobacter species is not related to the etiology of PDD.
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Are anti-ganglioside antibodies associated with Proventricular Dilatation Disease in birds?
PeerJ, 2017Co-Authors: Jeann Leal De Araujo, Ian Tizard, Jianhua Guo, J. Jill Heatley, Aline Rodrigues Hoffmann, Raquel R. RechAbstract:The identification of Parrot bornaviruses (PaBV) in psittacine birds with Proventricular Dilatation Disease (PDD) has not been sufficient to explain the pathogenesis of this fatal Disease, since not all infected birds develop clinical signs. Although the most accepted theory indicates that PaBV directly triggers an inflammatory response in this Disease, another hypothesis suggests the Disease is triggered by autoantibodies targeting neuronal gangliosides, and PDD might therefore resemble Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) in its pathogenesis. Experimental inoculation of pure gangliosides and brain-derived ganglioside extracts were used in two different immunization studies. The first study was performed on 17 healthy chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus): 11 chickens were inoculated with a brain ganglioside extract in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) and six chickens inoculated with phosphate-buffered saline. A second study was performed five healthy quaker parrots (Myiopsitta monachus) that were divided into three groups: Two quaker parrots received purified gangliosides in FCA, two received a crude brain extract in FCA, and one control quaker parrot received FCA alone. One chicken developed difficult in walking. Histologically, only a mild perivascular and perineural lymphocytic infiltrate in the proventriculus. Two quaker parrots (one from each treatment group) had mild lymphoplasmacytic encephalitis and myelitis. However, none of the quaker parrots developed myenteric ganglioneuritis, suggesting that autoantibodies against gangliosides in birds are not associated with a condition resembling PDD.
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Are anti-ganglioside antibodies associated with Proventricular Dilatation Disease in birds?
2017Co-Authors: Jeann Leal De Araujo, Ian Tizard, Jianhua Guo, J. Jill Heatley, Aline Rodrigues Hoffmann, Raquel R. RechAbstract:The identification of Parrot bornaviruses in psittacine birds with Proventricular Dilatation Disease (PDD) has not been sufficient to explain the pathogenesis of this fatal Disease since not all infected birds develop clinical signs. One hypothesis suggests that PaBV could trigger the production of autoantibodies targeting neuronal gangliosides. These are major neuronal antigens, and PDD might therefore resemble Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) in its pathogenesis. Experimental inoculation of pure gangliosides and brain-derived ganglioside extracts were used in two different immunization studies. A preliminary study on seven healthy chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) was performed using a group of four chickens inoculated with a brain ganglioside extract in Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA) and a control group comprised by three chickens inoculated only with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). A second study with five healthy quaker parrots (Myiopsitta monachus) was comprised of three groups. Two quaker parrots received purified gangliosides in FCA, two received a crude brain extract in FCA, and one control quaker parrot received FCA alone. In the preliminary study, one chicken developed ataxia and weakness. None of the quaker parrots had any clinical signs that could resemble PDD or GBS. None of the chickens or quaker parrots presented any gross lesions. The chicken with clinical signs had a perivascular and perineural lymphocytic infiltrate in the proventriculus. Two of the quaker parrots (one from each treatment group) developed mild lymphoplasmacytic encephalitis and myelitis. Our results suggest that autoantibodies against gangliosides in birds are not associated with a condition resembling PDD.
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Are anti-ganglioside antibodies associated with Proventricular Dilatation Disease in birds?
PeerJ Inc., 2017Co-Authors: Jeann Leal De Araujo, Ian Tizard, Jianhua Guo, J. Jill Heatley, Aline Rodrigues Hoffmann, Raquel R. RechAbstract:The identification of Parrot bornaviruses (PaBV) in psittacine birds with Proventricular Dilatation Disease (PDD) has not been sufficient to explain the pathogenesis of this fatal Disease, since not all infected birds develop clinical signs. Although the most accepted theory indicates that PaBV directly triggers an inflammatory response in this Disease, another hypothesis suggests the Disease is triggered by autoantibodies targeting neuronal gangliosides, and PDD might therefore resemble Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) in its pathogenesis. Experimental inoculation of pure gangliosides and brain-derived ganglioside extracts were used in two different immunization studies. The first study was performed on 17 healthy chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus): 11 chickens were inoculated with a brain ganglioside extract in Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA) and six chickens inoculated with phosphate-buffered saline. A second study was performed five healthy quaker parrots (Myiopsitta monachus) that were divided into three groups: Two quaker parrots received purified gangliosides in FCA, two received a crude brain extract in FCA, and one control quaker parrot received FCA alone. One chicken developed difficult in walking. Histologically, only a mild perivascular and perineural lymphocytic infiltrate in the proventriculus. Two quaker parrots (one from each treatment group) had mild lymphoplasmacytic encephalitis and myelitis. However, none of the quaker parrots developed myenteric ganglioneuritis, suggesting that autoantibodies against gangliosides in birds are not associated with a condition resembling PDD
Dennis Rubbenstroth - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Recombinant Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara (MVA) Vaccines Efficiently Protect Cockatiels Against Parrot Bornavirus Infection and Proventricular Dilatation Disease.
Viruses, 2019Co-Authors: Isabell Rall, Christiane Herden, Ralf Amann, Sara Malberg, Dennis RubbenstrothAbstract:Parrot bornaviruses (PaBVs) are the causative agents of Proventricular Dilatation Disease (PDD), a chronic and often fatal neurologic disorder in Psittaciformes. The Disease is widely distributed in private parrot collections and threatens breeding populations of endangered species. Thus, immunoprophylaxis strategies are urgently needed. In previous studies we demonstrated a prime-boost vaccination regime using modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) and Newcastle Disease virus (NDV) constructs expressing the nucleoprotein and phosphoprotein of PaBV-4 (MVA/PaBV-4 and NDV/PaBV-4, respectively) to protect cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) against experimental challenge infection. Here we investigated the protective effect provided by repeated immunization with either MVA/PaBV-4, NDV/PaBV-4 or Orf virus constructs (ORFV/PaBV-4) individually. While MVA/PaBV-4-vaccinated cockatiels were completely protected against subsequent PaBV-2 challenge infection and PDD-associated lesions, the course of the challenge infection in NDV/PaBV-4- or ORFV/PaBV-4-vaccinated birds did not differ from the unvaccinated control group. We further investigated the effect of vaccination on persistently PaBV-4-infected cockatiels. Remarkably, subsequent immunization with MVA/PaBV-4 and NDV/PaBV-4 neither induced obvious immunopathogenesis exacerbating the Disease nor reduced viral loads in the infected birds. In summary, we demonstrated that vaccination with MVA/PaBV-4 alone is sufficient to efficiently prevent PaBV-2 challenge infection in cockatiels, providing a suitable vaccine candidate against avian bornavirus infection and bornavirus-induced PDD.
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Detection of Avian Bornavirus in Wild and Captive Passeriformes in Brazil.
Avian diseases, 2019Co-Authors: Natalia Azevedo Philadelpho, Dennis Rubbenstroth, Marta Brito Guimarães, Yamê Miniero Davies, L. F. N. Nuñez, Claudete S. Astolfi-ferreira, Silvana H. Santander Parra, Antonio José Piantino FerreiraAbstract:Avian bornaviruses (ABVs) are the causative agents of Proventricular Dilatation Disease (PDD), a fatal neurologic Disease considered to be a major threat to psittacine bird populations. We performed a reverse transcription PCR survey to detect the presence of canary avian bornavirus (CnBV) in birds of order Passeriformes related to different clinical manifestations, such as sudden death, neurologic signs, apathy, anorexia, excessive beak growth, and PDD. A total of 227 samples from captive and wild canaries were included, of which 80 samples were captive birds, comprising saffron finches (n = 71) and common canary (n = 9), and 147 samples were wild birds distributed among a variety of several species. Two samples from captive birds (2/80) were positive for ABV, and in wild birds, only one sample was positive for ABV. The positive samples were subjected to DNA sequencing, and only the CnBV-1 serotype was found, which was the first time it was detected outside of Germany (Austria/Hungary), where it was first detected in 2009. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that avian bornavirus serotype CnBV-1 is present in order Passeriformes in Brazil.
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Viral vector vaccines expressing nucleoprotein and phosphoprotein genes of avian bornaviruses ameliorate homologous challenge infections in cockatiels and common canaries
Scientific Reports, 2016Co-Authors: Marita Olbert, Christiane Herden, Peter Staeheli, Sara Malberg, Angela Römer-oberdörfer, Solveig Runge, Dennis RubbenstrothAbstract:Avian bornaviruses are causative agents of Proventricular Dilatation Disease (PDD), an often fatal Disease of parrots and related species (order Psittaciformes) which is widely distributed in captive psittacine populations and may affect endangered species. Here, we established a vaccination strategy employing two different well described viral vectors, namely recombinant Newcastle Disease virus (NDV) and modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) that were engineered to express the phosphoprotein and nucleoprotein genes of two avian bornaviruses, parrot bornavirus 4 (PaBV-4) and canary bornavirus 2 (CnBV-2). When combined in a heterologous prime/boost vaccination regime, NDV and MVA vaccine viruses established self-limiting infections and induced a bornavirus-specific humoral immune response in cockatiels ( Nymphicus hollandicus ) and common canaries ( Serinus canaria forma domestica). After challenge infection with a homologous bornavirus, shedding of bornavirus RNA and viral loads in tissue samples were significantly reduced in immunized birds, indicating that vaccination markedly delayed the course of infection. However, cockatiels still developed signs of PDD if the vaccine failed to prevent viral persistence. Our work demonstrates that avian bornavirus infections can be repressed by vaccine-induced immunity. It represents a first crucial step towards a protective vaccination strategy to combat PDD in psittacine birds.
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Synergistic antiviral activity of ribavirin and interferon-α against parrot bornaviruses in avian cells
The Journal of general virology, 2016Co-Authors: Antje Reuter, Monika Rinder, Peter Staeheli, Masayuki Horie, Dirk Höper, Annette Ohnemus, Andreas Narr, Martin Beer, Dennis RubbenstrothAbstract:Avian bornaviruses are the causative agents of Proventricular Dilatation Disease (PDD), a widely distributed and often fatal Disease in captive psittacines. Because neither specific prevention measures nor therapies against PDD and bornavirus infections are currently available, new antiviral strategies are required to improve animal health. We show here that the nucleoside analogue ribavirin inhibited bornavirus activity in a polymerase reconstitution assay and reduced viral load in avian cell lines infected with two different parrot bornaviruses. Furthermore, we observed that ribavirin enhanced type I IFN signalling in avian cells. Combined treatment of avian bornavirus-infected cells with ribavirin and recombinant IFN-α strongly enhanced the antiviral efficiency compared to either drug alone. The combined use of ribavirin and type I IFN might represent a promising new strategy for therapeutic treatment of captive parrots persistently infected with avian bornaviruses.
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Survey of bornaviruses in pet psittacines in Brazil reveals a novel parrot bornavirus.
Veterinary Microbiology, 2014Co-Authors: Natalia Azevedo Philadelpho, Dennis Rubbenstroth, Marta Brito Guimarães, Antonio José Piantino FerreiraAbstract:Avian bornaviruses are the causative agents of Proventricular Dilatation Disease (PDD), a fatal neurological Disease considered to be a major threat to psittacine bird populations. We performed a survey of the presence of avian bornaviruses and PDD in pet psittacines in Brazil and also studied PDD's clinical presentation as well as the genomic variability of the viruses. Samples from 112 psittacines with clinical signs compatible with PDD were collected and tested for the presence of bornaviruses. We found 32 birds (28.6%) positive for bornaviruses using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Twenty-one (65.6%) of the 32 bornavirus-positive birds presented neurological signs, seven (21.9%) presented undigested seeds in feces, four (12.5%) showed Proventricular Dilatation, six (18.8%) regurgitation, three (9.4%) feather plucking and three (9.4%) sudden death. The results confirm that avian bornaviruses are present in pet psittacines in Brazil, and sequence analysis identified a distinct virus, named parrot bornavirus 8 (PaBV-8).
H. L. Shivaprasad - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Update on Avian Bornavirus and Proventricular Dilatation Disease
The veterinary clinics of North America. Exotic animal practice, 2020Co-Authors: Sharman Hoppes, H. L. ShivaprasadAbstract:Avian bornavirus (ABV) is a neurotropic virus that can cause gastrointestinal and/or neurologic signs of Disease in birds. The Disease process is called Proventricular Dilatation Disease (PDD). The characteristic lesions observed in birds include encephalitis and gross Dilatation of the proventriculus. ABV is widely distributed in captive and wild bird populations. Most birds infected do not show clinical signs of Disease. This article is an update of the Veterinary Clinics of North America article from 2013: Avian Bornavirus and Proventricular Dilatation Disease: Diagnostics, Pathology, Prevalence, and Control.
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Studies on immunity and immunopathogenesis of parrot bornaviral Disease in cockatiels.
Virology, 2017Co-Authors: Samer Sadeq Hameed, Jianhua Guo, H. L. Shivaprasad, Ian Tizard, Susan PayneAbstract:Abstract We have demonstrated that vaccination of cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) with killed parrot bornavirus (PaBV) plus recombinant PaBV-4 nucleoprotein (N) in alum was protective against Disease in birds challenged with a virulent bornavirus isolate (PaBV-2). Unvaccinated birds, as well as birds vaccinated after challenge, developed gross and histologic lesions typical of Proventricular Dilatation Disease (PDD). There was no evidence that vaccination either before or after challenge made the infection more severe. Birds vaccinated prior to challenge largely remained free of Disease, despite the persistence of the virus in many organs. Similar results were obtained when recombinant N, in alum, was used for vaccination. In some rodent models, Borna Disease is immune mediated thus we did an additional study whereby cyclosporine A was administered to unvaccinated birds starting 1 day prior to challenge. This treatment also conferred complete protection from Disease, but not infection.
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The pathogenesis of Proventricular Dilatation Disease.
Animal health research reviews, 2016Co-Authors: Ian Tizard, H. L. Shivaprasad, Jianhua Guo, Samer Sadeq Hameed, Judith M. Ball, Susan PayneAbstract:Bornaviruses cause neurologic Diseases in several species of birds, especially parrots, waterfowl and finches. The characteristic lesions observed in these birds include encephalitis and gross Dilatation of the anterior stomach - the proventriculus. The Disease is thus known as Proventricular Dilatation Disease (PDD). PDD is characterized by extreme Proventricular Dilatation, blockage of the passage of digesta and consequent death by starvation. There are few clinical resemblances between this and the bornaviral encephalitides observed in mammals. Nevertheless, there are common virus-induced pathogenic pathways shared across this Disease spectrum that are explored in this review. Additionally, a review of the literature relating to gastroparesis in humans and the control of gastric mobility in mammals and birds points to several plausible mechanisms by which bornaviral infection may result in extreme Proventricular Dilatation.
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Fatal Proventricular Dilatation Disease in Captive Native Psittacines in Brazil
Avian diseases, 2014Co-Authors: Rogério Venâncio Donatti, H. L. Shivaprasad, Maurício Resende, Francisco Carlos Ferreira Junior, Marcus Vinícius Romero Marques, Roselene Ecco, J.s. Resende, Nelson Rodrigo Da Silva MartinsAbstract:SUMMARY An outbreak of Proventricular Dilatation Disease (PDD), a fatal inflammatory Disease of psittacines (Aves: Psittaciformes), is described in native Brazilian psittacines. Twenty captive psittacines that died of suspected PDD were necropsied and 10 were submitted to histopathology, reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR), and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for avian bornavirus (ABV). Examined species were one pileated parrot (Pionopsitta pileata), three vinaceous-breasted parrots (Amazona vinacea), two blue-winged macaws (Primolius maracana), one scarlet macaw (Ara macao), one chestnut-fronted macaw (Ara severa), one scaly-headed parrot (Pionus maximiliani), and one red-browed Amazon parrot (Amazona rhodocorytha). Gross examination and histopathology revealed typical PDD lesions in all birds. The presence of ABV was confirmed in four psittacines including one red-browed Amazon parrot, one blue-winged macaw, one scarlet macaw, and one chestnut-fronted macaw. In the red-browed Amazon parrot and in one blue-win...
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Novel borna virus in psittacine birds with Proventricular Dilatation Disease
2013Co-Authors: Kirsi S Honkavuori, Thomas Briese, H. L. Shivaprasad, Brent L Williams, Phenix Lan Quan, Mady Hornig, Stephen K Hutchison, Monique Franca, Michael Egholm, Ian W LipkinAbstract:Pyrosequencing of cDNA from brains of parrots with Proventricular Dilatation Disease (PDD), an unexplained fatal infl ammatory central, autonomic, and peripheral nervous system Disease, showed 2 strains of a novel Borna virus. Real-time PCR confi rmed virus presence in brain, proventriculus, and adrenal gland of 3 birds with PDD but not in 4 unaffected birds. Borna Disease virus (BDV) is the causative agent of Borna Disease, a meningoencephalitis of horses and sheep in central Europe (1). As the prototype and only known member of the family Bornaviridae in the order Mononegavirales (nonsegmented, negative-strand RNA viruses), BDV is atypical in its nuclear localization of transcription, alternative splicing, and differential use of initiation and termination signals. Sequence analysis of isolates obtained from various species over several decades has shown remarkable sequence conservation; only 2 genotypes are known. The virus is highly neurotropic and infects the central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous systems. Although ungulates remain the best known natural host, the introduction of sensitive molecular and serologic assays enabled by subtractive cloning of the BDV genome facilitated surveys that indicated wider geographic and species distribution (1). Experimental infections are described in a wide variety of vertebrates including chickens, quails, rats, rabbits, cats, shrews, and nonhuman primates; manifestations of Disease range from fatal meningoencephalitis to subtle behavioral alterations or asymptomatic persistent infection (2). Intestinal colic is frequently observed in infected ungulates (2,3)
Yigal Farnoushi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Experimental induction of Proventricular Dilatation Disease in cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) inoculated with brain homogenates containing avian bornavirus 4.
Virology journal, 2009Co-Authors: Ady Y. Gancz, Susan Clubb, Amy Kistler, Alexander L. Greninger, Yigal Farnoushi, Sara Mechani, Shmuel Perl, Asaf Berkowitz, Noa Perez, Joseph L. DerisiAbstract:Background Proventricular Dilatation Disease (PDD) is a fatal disorder of psittacine birds worldwide. The Disease is characterized by lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of the central and peripheral nervous systems, leading to gastrointestinal motility and/or central nervous system dysfunction. Recently, we detected a significant association between avian bornavirus (ABV) infection and clinical signs of PDD in psittacines. However, it remains unclear whether ABV infection actually causes PDD. To address this question, we examined the impact of ABV inoculation on the cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus).
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Virology Journal BioMed Central
2009Co-Authors: Ady Y. Gancz, Susan Clubb, Yigal Farnoushi, Sara Mechani, Shmuel Perl, Asaf Berkowitz, Noa Perez, Amy L. Kistler, Er L. Greninger, Joseph L. DerisiAbstract:Experimental induction of Proventricular Dilatation Disease in cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) inoculated with brain homogenates containing avian bornavirus
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Recovery of divergent avian bornaviruses from cases of Proventricular Dilatation Disease: identification of a candidate etiologic agent.
Virology journal, 2008Co-Authors: Amy Kistler, Ady Y. Gancz, Susan Clubb, Sara Mechani, Peter Skewes-cox, Kael F. Fischer, Katherine Sorber, Charles Y. Chiu, Avishai Lublin, Yigal FarnoushiAbstract:Proventricular Dilatation Disease (PDD) is a fatal disorder threatening domesticated and wild psittacine birds worldwide. It is characterized by lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of the ganglia of the central and peripheral nervous system, leading to central nervous system disorders as well as disordered enteric motility and associated wasting. For almost 40 years, a viral etiology for PDD has been suspected, but to date no candidate etiologic agent has been reproducibly linked to the Disease. Analysis of 2 PDD case-control series collected independently on different continents using a pan-viral microarray revealed a bornavirus hybridization signature in 62.5% of the PDD cases (5/8) and none of the controls (0/8). Ultra high throughput sequencing was utilized to recover the complete viral genome sequence from one of the virus-positive PDD cases. This revealed a bornavirus-like genome organization for this agent with a high degree of sequence divergence from all prior bornavirus isolates. We propose the name avian bornavirus (ABV) for this agent. Further specific ABV PCR analysis of an additional set of independently collected PDD cases and controls yielded a significant difference in ABV detection rate among PDD cases (71%, n = 7) compared to controls (0%, n = 14) (P = 0.01; Fisher's Exact Test). Partial sequence analysis of a total of 16 ABV isolates we have now recovered from these and an additional set of cases reveals at least 5 distinct ABV genetic subgroups. These studies clearly demonstrate the existence of an avian reservoir of remarkably diverse bornaviruses and provide a compelling candidate in the search for an etiologic agent of PDD.
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Recovery of divergent avian bornaviruses from cases of Proventricular Dilatation Disease: Identification of a candidate etiologic agent
Virology Journal, 2008Co-Authors: Amy L. Kistler, Susan Clubb, Sara Mechani, Peter Skewes-cox, Katherine Sorber, Charles Y. Chiu, Avishai Lublin, Ady Gancz, Kael Fischer, Yigal FarnoushiAbstract:Background Proventricular Dilatation Disease (PDD) is a fatal disorder threatening domesticated and wild psittacine birds worldwide. It is characterized by lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of the ganglia of the central and peripheral nervous system, leading to central nervous system disorders as well as disordered enteric motility and associated wasting. For almost 40 years, a viral etiology for PDD has been suspected, but to date no candidate etiologic agent has been reproducibly linked to the Disease. Results Analysis of 2 PDD case-control series collected independently on different continents using a pan-viral microarray revealed a bornavirus hybridization signature in 62.5% of the PDD cases (5/8) and none of the controls (0/8). Ultra high throughput sequencing was utilized to recover the complete viral genome sequence from one of the virus-positive PDD cases. This revealed a bornavirus-like genome organization for this agent with a high degree of sequence divergence from all prior bornavirus isolates. We propose the name avian bornavirus (ABV) for this agent. Further specific ABV PCR analysis of an additional set of independently collected PDD cases and controls yielded a significant difference in ABV detection rate among PDD cases (71%, n = 7) compared to controls (0%, n = 14) (P = 0.01; Fisher's Exact Test). Partial sequence analysis of a total of 16 ABV isolates we have now recovered from these and an additional set of cases reveals at least 5 distinct ABV genetic subgroups. Conclusion These studies clearly demonstrate the existence of an avian reservoir of remarkably diverse bornaviruses and provide a compelling candidate in the search for an etiologic agent of PDD.
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Virology Journal BioMed Central
2008Co-Authors: Amy L. Kistler, Susan Clubb, Sara Mechani, Peter Skewes-cox, Katherine Sorber, Charles Y. Chiu, Avishai Lublin, Ady Gancz, Kael Fischer, Yigal FarnoushiAbstract:Recovery of divergent avian bornaviruses from cases of Proventricular Dilatation Disease: Identification of a candidate etiologic agen
Susan Payne - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Studies on immunity and immunopathogenesis of parrot bornaviral Disease in cockatiels.
Virology, 2017Co-Authors: Samer Sadeq Hameed, Jianhua Guo, H. L. Shivaprasad, Ian Tizard, Susan PayneAbstract:Abstract We have demonstrated that vaccination of cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) with killed parrot bornavirus (PaBV) plus recombinant PaBV-4 nucleoprotein (N) in alum was protective against Disease in birds challenged with a virulent bornavirus isolate (PaBV-2). Unvaccinated birds, as well as birds vaccinated after challenge, developed gross and histologic lesions typical of Proventricular Dilatation Disease (PDD). There was no evidence that vaccination either before or after challenge made the infection more severe. Birds vaccinated prior to challenge largely remained free of Disease, despite the persistence of the virus in many organs. Similar results were obtained when recombinant N, in alum, was used for vaccination. In some rodent models, Borna Disease is immune mediated thus we did an additional study whereby cyclosporine A was administered to unvaccinated birds starting 1 day prior to challenge. This treatment also conferred complete protection from Disease, but not infection.
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Chapter 22 – Family Bornaviridae
Viruses, 2017Co-Authors: Susan PayneAbstract:Bornaviruses are enveloped, unsegmented, negative-strand RNA viruses. The family Bornaviridae is in the order Mononegavirales and shares many basic characteristics with other viruses in the order. However bornaviruses have several unique traits. They replicate in the nucleus, use cellular splicing machinery to produce some mRNAs, and are highly cell-associated. They cause persistent infections with little or no cell pathology and are often highly associated with neurons in an infected host. Overall, bornaviruses are quite stealthy in their life styles. Diseases caused by bornaviruses include Borna Disease, a rare neurologic Disease of horses and sheep, mainly restricted to central Germany, and Proventricular Dilatation Disease or PDD, a severe neurologic and digestive disorder of birds, often seen among captive parrots.
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chapter 22 family bornaviridae
Viruses#R##N#From Understanding to Investigation, 2017Co-Authors: Susan PayneAbstract:Bornaviruses are enveloped, unsegmented, negative-strand RNA viruses. The family Bornaviridae is in the order Mononegavirales and shares many basic characteristics with other viruses in the order. However bornaviruses have several unique traits. They replicate in the nucleus, use cellular splicing machinery to produce some mRNAs, and are highly cell-associated. They cause persistent infections with little or no cell pathology and are often highly associated with neurons in an infected host. Overall, bornaviruses are quite stealthy in their life styles. Diseases caused by bornaviruses include Borna Disease, a rare neurologic Disease of horses and sheep, mainly restricted to central Germany, and Proventricular Dilatation Disease or PDD, a severe neurologic and digestive disorder of birds, often seen among captive parrots.
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The pathogenesis of Proventricular Dilatation Disease.
Animal health research reviews, 2016Co-Authors: Ian Tizard, H. L. Shivaprasad, Jianhua Guo, Samer Sadeq Hameed, Judith M. Ball, Susan PayneAbstract:Bornaviruses cause neurologic Diseases in several species of birds, especially parrots, waterfowl and finches. The characteristic lesions observed in these birds include encephalitis and gross Dilatation of the anterior stomach - the proventriculus. The Disease is thus known as Proventricular Dilatation Disease (PDD). PDD is characterized by extreme Proventricular Dilatation, blockage of the passage of digesta and consequent death by starvation. There are few clinical resemblances between this and the bornaviral encephalitides observed in mammals. Nevertheless, there are common virus-induced pathogenic pathways shared across this Disease spectrum that are explored in this review. Additionally, a review of the literature relating to gastroparesis in humans and the control of gastric mobility in mammals and birds points to several plausible mechanisms by which bornaviral infection may result in extreme Proventricular Dilatation.
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Use of Avian Bornavirus Isolates to Induce Proventricular Dilatation Disease in Conures
2013Co-Authors: Patricia Gray, Kirsi S Honkavuori, Thomas Briese, Susan Payne, H. L. Shivaprasad, Paulette F Suchodolski, Negin Mirhosseini, Itamar Villanueva, Sanjay M Reddy, Ian TizardAbstract:Avian bornavirus (ABV) is a newly discovered member of the family Bornaviridae that has been associated with the development of a lethal neurologic syndrome in birds, termed Proventricular Dilatation Disease (PDD). We successfully isolated and characterized ABV from the brains of 8 birds with confi rmed PDD. One isolate was passed 6 times in duck embryo fi broblasts, and the infected cells were then injected intramuscularly into 2 healthy Patagonian conures (Cyanoliseus patagonis). Clinical PDD developed in both birds by 66 days postinfection. PDD was confi rmed by necropsy and histopathologic examination. Reverse transcription–PCR showed that the inoculated ABV was in the brains of the 2 infected birds. A control bird that received uninfected tissue culture cells remained healthy until it was euthanized at 77 days. Necropsy and histopathologic examinations showed no abnormalities; PCR did not indicate ABV in its brain tissues. Proventricular Dilatation Disease (PDD) is a progressive, invariably fatal neurologic Disease that has been reported for>50 species of psittacine birds as well as many other bird species (1). It is considered a serious Disease because many of these birds are highly endangered, and several affected species depend on captive breeding for their survival. The clinical signs of PDD vary and may be predominately neurologic (weakness, ataxia, proprioceptive deficits, seizures, blindness), gastrointestinal (weight loss, passage of undigested food, regurgitation, delayed crop emptying), o
