The Experts below are selected from a list of 327 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Giovanni A. Fava - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the decline of pharmaceutical psychiatry and the increasing role of psychological medicine
Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 2009Co-Authors: Giovanni A. FavaAbstract:The increasing influence of the pharmaceutical industry on Psychiatric Research and practice is leading to an intellectual and clinical crisis. A narrow concept of science attempts to apply oversimpli
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the intellectual crisis of Psychiatric Research
Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 2006Co-Authors: Giovanni A. FavaAbstract:The aim of this paper was to examine the intellectual crisis and the potential sources of reveille in clinical Research in psychiatry. Current prevailing conceptual models in psychiatry are critically examined, with particular reference to neurobiology, clinical psychopharmacology, assessment, and the therapeutic process. Biological reductionism, neglect of individual responses to treatment, massive propaganda from the pharmaceutical industry, misleading effects of psychometric theory on clinical assessment, and lack of consideration of multiple therapeutic ingredients and of the role of psychological well-being are identified as major sources of an intellectual crisis in Psychiatric Research. The conceptual crisis of psychiatry is shared by other areas of clinical medicine and stems from a narrow concept of science that neglects clinical observation, the basic method of medicine. A unified concept of health and disease may yield new clinical insights in Psychiatric disorders, and may result in therapeutic efforts of more enduring quality than current strategies.
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a discussion on the role of clinimetrics and the misleading effects of psychometric theory
Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 2005Co-Authors: Carlotta Belaise, Giovanni A. FavaAbstract:Abstract Background Psychometric theory is the basis for the development of assessment instruments in Psychiatric Research. Methods It has produced a number of variable methods for improving the validity and reliability of clinical assessment. However, the psychometric model appears to be largely inadequate in the clinical setting because of its lack of sensitivity to change and its quest for homogeneous components. Results Clinimetrics offers a viable integration to psychometrics, both from a conceptual and a methodologic viewpoint. Conclusion Without such integration, psychometric rules and methods may lead to misleading effects in clinical Research both in psychiatry and medicine.
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psychometric theory is an obstacle to the progress of clinical Research
Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 2004Co-Authors: Giovanni A. Fava, Chiara Ruini, Chiara RafanelliAbstract:Psychometric theory is the basis for the development of assessment instruments in Psychiatric Research. However, the psychometric model appears to be largely inadequate in the clinical setting because of its lack of sensitivity to change and its quest for homogeneous components. Clinimetrics offers a viable alternative to psychometrics, both from a conceptual and a methodological viewpoint. Current diagnostic entities (DSM) are based on clinimetric principles, but their use is still influenced by psychometric models. Suggestions for switching gears in assessment Research are offered.
Nanyin Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an open database of resting state fmri in awake rats
NeuroImage, 2020Co-Authors: Yikang Liu, Pablo D Perez, David Dopfel, Samuel Cramer, Nanyin ZhangAbstract:Rodent models are essential to translational Research in health and disease. Investigation in rodent brain function and organization at the systems level using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) has become increasingly popular. Due to this rapid progress, publicly shared rodent rsfMRI databases can be of particular interest and importance to the scientific community, as inspired by human neuroscience and Psychiatric Research that are substantially facilitated by open human neuroimaging datasets. However, such databases in rats are still rare. In this paper, we share an open rsfMRI database acquired in 90 rats with a well-established awake imaging paradigm that avoids anesthesia interference. Both raw and preprocessed data are made publicly available. Procedures in data preprocessing to remove artefacts induced by the scanner, head motion and non-neural physiological noise are described in details. We also showcase inter-regional functional connectivity and functional networks obtained from the database.
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an open database of resting state fmri in awake rats
bioRxiv, 2019Co-Authors: Yikang Liu, Pablo D Perez, David Dopfel, Samuel Cramer, Nanyin ZhangAbstract:Rodent models are essential to translational Research in health and disease. Investigation in rodent brain function and organization at the systems level using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) has become increasingly popular, owing to its high spatial resolution and whole-brain coverage. Due to this rapid progress, shared rodent rsfMRI databases can be of particular interest and importance to the scientific community, as inspired by human neuroscience and Psychiatric Research that are substantially facilitated by open human neuroimaging datasets. However, such databases in rats are still lacking. In this paper, we share an open rsfMRI database acquired in 90 rats with a well-established awake imaging paradigm that avoids anesthesia interference. Both raw and preprocessed data are made publically available. Procedures in data preprocessing to remove artefacts induced by the scanner, head motion, non-neural physiological noise are described in details. We also showcase inter-regional functional connectivity and functional networks calculated from the database.
Carlotta Belaise - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a discussion on the role of clinimetrics and the misleading effects of psychometric theory
Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 2005Co-Authors: Carlotta Belaise, Giovanni A. FavaAbstract:Abstract Background Psychometric theory is the basis for the development of assessment instruments in Psychiatric Research. Methods It has produced a number of variable methods for improving the validity and reliability of clinical assessment. However, the psychometric model appears to be largely inadequate in the clinical setting because of its lack of sensitivity to change and its quest for homogeneous components. Results Clinimetrics offers a viable integration to psychometrics, both from a conceptual and a methodologic viewpoint. Conclusion Without such integration, psychometric rules and methods may lead to misleading effects in clinical Research both in psychiatry and medicine.
Felipe Fregni - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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clinical trial design in non invasive brain stimulation Psychiatric Research
International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 2011Co-Authors: Andre R Brunoni, Felipe FregniAbstract:Major depressive disorder (MDD) trials - investigating either non-pharmacological or pharmacological interventions - have shown mixed results. Many reasons explain this heterogeneity, but one that stands out is the trial design due to specific challenges in the field. We aimed therefore to review the methodology of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) trials and provide a framework to improve clinical trial design. We performed a systematic review for randomized, controlled MDD trials whose intervention was transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) or transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in MEDLINE and other databases from April 2002 to April 2008. We created an unstructured checklist based on CONSORT guidelines to extract items such as power analysis, sham method, blinding assessment, allocation concealment, operational criteria used for MDD, definition of refractory depression and primary study hypotheses. Thirty-one studies were included. We found that the main methodological issues can be divided in to three groups: (1) issues related to phase II/small trials, (2) issues related to MDD trials and, (3) specific issues of NIBS studies. Taken together, they can threaten study validity and lead to inconclusive results. Feasible solutions include: estimating the sample size a priori; measuring the degree of refractoriness of the subjects; specifying the primary hypothesis and statistical tests; controlling predictor variables through stratification randomization methods or using strict eligibility criteria; adjusting the study design to the target population; using adaptive designs and exploring NIBS efficacy employing biological markers. In conclusion, our study summarizes the main methodological issues of NIBS trials and proposes a number of alternatives to manage them.
W Rutz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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social psychiatry and public mental health present situation and future objectives time for rethinking and renaissance
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 2006Co-Authors: W RutzAbstract:Objective: To describe the social Psychiatric challenges of modern psychiatry in European societies in the light of recent Psychiatric Research evidence and to show how these challenges could be conceptualized. Method: Reviewing aggregate morbidity and mortality data from the WHO European Health for All Database, and summarizing consultations and fact-finding missions to many European countries during the authors engagement as WHO Regional Advisor for Mental health from 1998 to 2004. Results: Societal change in Europe is leading to stress and mental ill health for its populations. The consequence is a dramatic increase in burden due to mental illness and stress-related morbidity and mortality. Conclusion: A rethought and reconceptualized social and societal psychiatry with focus on public mental health must have a renaissance. Innovative efforts are of crucial and imperative importance seeing mental health in the light of recent experience and science as probably the most important public health issue.
