The Experts below are selected from a list of 5211 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Qing Yan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Psychoneuroimmunology and Cancer
Psychoneuroimmunology, 2016Co-Authors: Qing YanAbstract:More and more evidences are showing that psychosocial factors can affect cancer development and progression. Systems-based Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) frameworks and the dynamical psychosocial models may help understand the changing demographics in cancer treatment and outcomes. Recent studies have addressed the importance of psycho-oncology such as stress and cognitive deficits associated with cancer. As an important psychological factor, stress is often experienced in cancer patients and harms the protective functions of the immune system. Many of the cancer survivors suffer from co-occurring psychoneurological symptoms with adverse influences on their quality of life. Epidemiological evidences have demonstrated chronic inflammation as one of the key risk factors for different types of cancer. The individual variations and risk factors that may affect the psychoneurological symptoms in cancer patients include perceived stress, malfunctions in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical (HPA) axis, and inflammation. Such mechanisms indicate a framework of preventive and personalized medicine for different diseases sharing the common pathways such as those in the inflammatory microenvironment. The correlations among psychosocial factors, immune functions, and clinical results are significant for the timely immune recovery, the immune control of infections, as well as the elimination of cancer cells. For more effective prevention and treatment, psychosocial instruments, systems biology-based biomarkers, and PNI-based measures would be helpful toward the development of systems and dynamical medicine.
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Psychoneuroimmunology of Schizophrenia
Psychoneuroimmunology, 2016Co-Authors: Qing YanAbstract:Schizophrenia is a complex trait disorder with serious neurocognitive dysfunctions. As a neuropsychiatric disease with heterogeneous properties and various clinical manifestations, schizophrenia is influenced by many factors including gene–environment interactions and epigenetic elements. Among all of the factors, the immune system is especially important as demonstrated by the anti-inflammatory therapies. Chronic stress has been closely linked to immune responses that may enhance the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, a significant feature among schizophrenia patients. The dynamical interactions among the immune, endocrine, and nervous systems via cytokines, hormones, and neurotransmitters may be the essential mechanisms in schizophrenia with etiological implications. Neurotransmitters such as dopamine (DA) may have the key roles in bridging the interactions between the nervous and the immune systems. The functions of multiple elements in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal–gonadal (HPAG) axis have been correlated to schizophrenia. The elucidation of these pathways is critical in Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) research as the common inflammatory networks may be involved in the pathological mechanisms of both depression and schizophrenia. Such understanding may contribute to patient stratification and the development of strategies in personalized, systems, and dynamical medicine.
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Psychoneuroimmunology of Depression
Psychoneuroimmunology, 2016Co-Authors: Qing YanAbstract:Depression is an important cause of disability worldwide. However, the etiology of depression is still not completely understood. More systemic studies such as those in Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) are needed to improve the current situations. PNI studies of depression in different groups of people may contribute to the development of personalized, systems, and dynamical medicine. In recent years, more and more evidences have revealed the robust connections among stress, depression, and inflammatory pathways. Inflammation has the essential role in these processes at various systems levels. At the cellular level, T lymphocytes are critical in the susceptibility or resilience to major depressive disorder. Studies about the potential biomarkers may be meaningful for understanding the PNI of depression and the immune-modulating mechanisms of antidepressants. Such biomarkers should include the systems-based networks such as the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis-mediated interactions between the serotonin regulation pathway and the stress response pathway. The depression-associated inflammatory networks often have overlaps with physical disorders including asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. The identification of the systems-based biomarkers in depression is crucial not only for better diagnosis, but also for the translation of the PNI discoveries into better clinical interventions.
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Psychoneuroimmunology of Cardiovascular Diseases
Psychoneuroimmunology, 2016Co-Authors: Qing YanAbstract:An integrative psychophysiological framework is needed to understand the mind–body interactions in cardiovascular diseases at various system levels. Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) studies based on systems biology would help elucidate the relevant biobehavioral mechanisms. Evidences about the impacts of psychological stressors on the immune functions and coronary artery disease (CAD) have revealed that such stressors may alter the endothelial functions and result in chemotaxis. These mechanisms refer to the importance of the psychological stress conditions as well as the early detection of the immunological alterations associated with cardiovascular risks. The PNI principles can be applied to understand the underlying mechanisms such as the neurohormonal and cytokine activations in the comorbid disorders of cardiovascular diseases and psychiatric problems. The affective, autonomic, hormonal, and immune responses are influenced by the bidirectional PNI pathways and the communications of information between the CNS and the periphery tissues. Inflammatory conditions have been found comorbid in affective disorders and emotional problems. The cytokine networks involved in innate immune responses may be associated with coronary atherosclerosis. The ongoing research in systems biology and PNI would help with the discovery of systems-based biomarkers including the relevant pathways for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases and associated problems.
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Obesity, Stress, Inflammation, and Psychoneuroimmunology
Psychoneuroimmunology, 2016Co-Authors: Qing YanAbstract:Studies in Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) would support the development of personalized, systems, and dynamical medicine toward the integrative prevention and treatment of obesity. Close associations have been identified among stress, depression, inflammation, and disorders such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Inflammation has been suggested to serve as a transitional pathway connecting psychosocial stress and obesity. Inflammatory biomarkers have an essential role in the psychological stress and behavioral symptoms of those with obesity. Social and psychological factors may interact with genetic predisposition, dietary patterns, and lifestyle to influence weight gain and the condition of obesity. The individual maladaptation to chronic environmental stress exposure may contribute to obesity, especially the type of abdominal obesity. Chronic stress may interact with the mechanisms of energy intake and expenditure by promoting appetite while reducing physical activity. The dysregulations in the HPA axis may have close relationships with upper body obesity and sleep deprivation in metabolic diseases. The elucidation of the relevant cellular networks and interactions may contribute to the development of effective interventions for obesity and associated metabolic diseases including diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
Robert Ader - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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On the development of Psychoneuroimmunology
European journal of pharmacology, 2000Co-Authors: Robert AderAbstract:Psychoneuroimmunology, the study of interactions among behavioral, neural and endocrine, and immune processes, coalesced as an interdisciplinary field of study in the late 1970s. Some of the early research that was critical in establishing neuroanatomical, neurochemical and neuroendocrine pathways and functional relationships between the brain and the immune system is outlined here. These and subsequent studies have led to the general acknowledgment that the nervous and immune systems are components of an integrated system of adaptive processes, and that immunoregulatory processes can no longer be studied as the independent activity of an autonomous immune system. This paradigm shift in the study of immunoregulatory processes and the elaboration of the mechanisms underlying behaviorally induced alterations of immune function promise a better understanding and a new appreciation of the multi-determined etiology of pathophysiological states.
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Psychoneuroimmunology: animal models of disease.
Psychosomatic medicine, 1996Co-Authors: Jan A. Moynihan, Robert AderAbstract:OBJECTIVE Psychoneuroimmunology, which investigates the bidirectional communication between the central nervous system and the immune system, has been greatly advanced by the use of animal models. The objective of this paper is to describe animal models of disease that can or might be utilized to elucidate neural-immune interactions that alter pathogenesis. METHODS This paper reviews animal studies that have demonstrated a link among the brain, behavior, immunity, and disease, highlighting models in which the potential contribution of CNS-immune interactions has not yet been explored. RESULTS Animal studies allow for careful control of environmental stimuli, genetic background, and immunological challenge. As such, they are an important component of Psychoneuroimmunology research. Models in which one might study the role of psychosocial factors in immunologically mediated disease processes, as in the case of other pathophysiologic processes, profit from an ability to manipulate both stressful events and the magnitude of the challenge to the immune system. CONCLUSIONS Animal studies in Psychoneuroimmunology highlight the complexity of the interactions among behavior, the brain, the immune system, and pathogen. The genetic background of the animal (both in terms of central nervous and immune system responses), its previous history, the nature of the stressor, the nature of the pathogen and the type of immune response generated are some of the interacting factors that determine the magnitude and direction of stress-induced changes in disease outcome.
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Psychoneuroimmunology conditioning and stress
Annual Review of Psychology, 1993Co-Authors: Robert Ader, Nicholas CohenAbstract:The acquisition and extinction of the conditioned suppression or enhancement of one or another parameter of antigen-specific and nonspecific defense system responses have been documented in different species under a variety of experimental conditions. Similarly, stressful stimulation influences antigen-specific as well as nonspecific reactions. Moreover, both conditioning and stressful stimulation exert biologically meaningful effects in the sense that they can alter the development and/or progression of what are presumed to be immunologically mediated pathophysiologic processes. These are highly reproducible phenomena that illustrate a functional relationship between the brain and the immune system. However, the extent to which one can generalize from one stressor to another or from one parameter of immunologic reactivity to another is limited. Few generalizations are possible because the direction and/or magnitude of the effects of conditioning and "stress" in modulating immune responses clearly depend on the quality and quantity of the behavioral interventions, the quality and quantity of antigenic stimulation, the temporal relationship between behavioral and antigenic stimulation, the nature of the immune response and the immune compartment in which it is measured, the time of sampling, a variety of host factors (e.g. species, strain, age, sex), and interactions among these several variables. It seems reasonable to assume that the immunologic effects of behaviorally induced neural and endocrine responses depend on (interact with) the concurrent immunologic events upon which they are superimposed. Conversely, the efficacy of immunologic defense mechanisms seems to depend on the neuroendocrine environment on which they are superimposed. We seek to determine when and what immunologic (or neuroendocrine) responses could be affected by what neuroendocrine (or immunologic) circumstances. We therefore need studies that provide a parametric analysis of the stimulus conditions, the neuroendocrine and/or immunologic state upon which they are superimposed, and the responses that are being sampled. The neural or neuroendocrine pathways involved in the behavioral alteration of immune responses are not yet known. Both conditioning and stressor-induced effects have been hypothesized to result from the action of adrenocortical steroids, opioids, and catecholamines, among others. Indeed, all of these have been implicated in the mediation of some immunologic effects observed under some experimental conditions. We assume that different conditioning and stressful environmental circumstances induce different constellations of neuroendocrine responses that constitute the milieu within which ongoing immunologic reactions and the response to immunologic signals occur.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Janice K. Kiecolt-glaser - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Psychology’s Gateway to the Biomedical Future
2015Co-Authors: Janice K. Kiecolt-glaserAbstract:ABSTRACT—How do stressful events and negative emotions influence the immune system, and how big are the effects? This broad question has been intensely interesting to Psychoneuroimmunology researchers over the last three decades. Many promising lines of work underscore the reasons why this question is still so important and pivotal to understanding and other advances. New multidisciplinary permutations provide fresh vistas and emphasize the importance of training psychologists more broadly so that they will be central and essential players in the advancement of biomedical science. 3 How do stressful events and negative emotions influence the immune system, and how big are the effects? This broad question has been intensely interesting to Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) researchers over the last three decades, and the consequent discoveries have substantially changed the face of health psychology. We have learned that distress can slow wound healing, diminish the strength of immune responses to vaccines, enhance susceptibility to infectious agents, and reactivate latent viruses (Glaser & Kiecolt-Glaser, 2005). Moreover, stress and depression can also substantially augment the production of proinflammatory cytokines that ar
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Psychoneuroimmunology and psychosomatic medicine: back to the future.
Psychosomatic medicine, 2002Co-Authors: Janice K. Kiecolt-glaser, Lynanne Mcguire, Theodore F. Robles, Ronald GlaserAbstract:Objective: Although psychological modulation of immune function is now a well-established phenomenon, much of the relevant literature has been published within the last decade. This article speculates on future directions for Psychoneuroimmunology research, after reviewing the history of the field. Methods: This review focuses on human Psychoneuroimmunology studies published since 1939, particularly those that have appeared in Psychosomatic Medicine. Studies were clustered according to key themes, including stressor duration and characteristics (laboratory stressors, time-limited naturalistic stressors, or chronic stress), as well as the influences of psychopathology, personality, and interpersonal relationships; the responsiveness of the immune system to behavioral interventions is also addressed. Additionally, we describe trends in populations studied and the changing nature of immunological assessments. The final section focuses on health outcomes and future directions for the field. Results: There are now sufficient data to conclude that immune modulation by psychosocial stressors or interventions can lead to actual health changes, with the strongest direct evidence to date in infectious disease and wound healing. Furthermore, recent medical literature has highlighted a spectrum of diseases whose onset and course may be influenced by proinflammatory cytokines, from cardiovascular disease to frailty and functional decline; proinflammatory cytokine production can be directly stimulated by negative emotions and stressful experiences and indirectly stimulated by chronic or recurring infections. Accordingly, distress-related immune dysregulation may be one core mechanism behind a diverse set of health risks associated with negative emotions. Conclusions: We suggest that Psychoneuroimmunology may have broad implications for the basic biological sciences and medicine. CRP C-reactive protein; DTH delayed-type hypersensitivity; EBV Epstein-Barr virus; HLA human leukocyte antigen; HSV herpes simplex virus; Ig immunoglobulin; IL interleukin; NK natural killer; PHA phytohemagglutinin; PNI Psychoneuroimmunology; PTSD posttraumatic stress disorder.
Michael R. Irwin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Human Psychoneuroimmunology: 20 years of discovery.
Brain behavior and immunity, 2007Co-Authors: Michael R. IrwinAbstract:An important component of Psychoneuroimmunology research is to reveal the myriad ways that behaviors and health are inter-related, with a focus on the immunological mechanisms that underlie these interactions. Research in human Psychoneuroimmunology has shown that immunoregulatory processes are an integral part of a complex network of adaptive responses. As such, this review provides a perspective from our laboratory over the last 20 years to define the inter-relationships between behavior and immunity; to identify the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) and autonomic mechanisms that link the central nervous system and immune responses; to examine the clinical implications of immune alterations during depression or life stress on inflammatory and infectious disease risk; and to explore the reciprocal role of immune mediators on behavior in humans.
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Psychoneuroimmunology of depression: clinical implications.
Brain behavior and immunity, 2002Co-Authors: Michael R. IrwinAbstract:Psychoneuroimmunology is a field that investigates the interactions between the brain and the immune system. One important goal of this field of research is to translate basic research in order to understand how behavior affects health and resistance to disease in humans. This review evaluates the impact of depression on morbidity and mortality risk and asks whether neuroimmune mechanisms contribute to this association. Examples are drawn from three diseases: cardiovascular disease, infectious disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. Finally, the potential for biobehavioral interventions to impact psychological adaptation and the course of immune related disease is discussed.
Steven Greer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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What's in a name? Neuroimmunomodulation or Psychoneuroimmunology?
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2006Co-Authors: Steven GreerAbstract:Abstract: Compelling evidence is presented to support the hypothesis that psychological processes affect immune function. Consequently, it is argued that psychological processes should be included in human immunological studies and that neuroimmunomodulation could accurately by called Psychoneuroimmunology.
