The Experts below are selected from a list of 2958 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Theresa M Marteau - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Public Acceptability of nudging and taxing to reduce consumption of alcohol tobacco and food a population based survey experiment
Social Science & Medicine, 2019Co-Authors: James Reynolds, Stephanie Archer, Mark Pilling, Michael Kenny, Gareth J Hollands, Theresa M MarteauAbstract:Abstract There is growing evidence for the effectiveness of choice architecture or ‘nudge’ interventions to change a range of behaviours including the consumption of alcohol, tobacco and food. Public Acceptability is key to implementing these and other interventions. However, few studies have assessed Public Acceptability of these interventions, including the extent to which Acceptability varies with the type of intervention, the target behaviour and with evidence of intervention effectiveness. These were assessed in an online study using a between-participants full factorial design with three factors: Policy (availability vs size vs labelling vs tax) x Behaviour (alcohol consumption vs tobacco use vs high-calorie snack food consumption) x Evidence communication (no message vs assertion of policy effectiveness vs assertion and quantification of policy effectiveness [e.g., a 10% change in behaviour]). Participants ( N = 7058) were randomly allocated to one of the 36 groups. The primary outcome was Acceptability of the policy. Acceptability differed across policy, behaviour and evidence communication (all p s
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Public Acceptability of nudging and taxing to reduce consumption of alcohol, tobacco, and food: A population-based survey experiment
2019Co-Authors: James Reynolds, Stephanie Archer, Mark Pilling, Gareth J Hollands, Mike Kenny, Theresa M MarteauAbstract:There is growing evidence for the effectiveness of choice architecture or ‘nudge’ interventions to change a range of behaviours including the consumption of alcohol, tobacco and food. Public Acceptability is key to implementing these and other interventions. However, few studies have assessed Public Acceptability of these interventions, including the extent to which Acceptability varies with the type of intervention, the target behaviour and with evidence of intervention effectiveness. These were assessed in an online study using a between-participants full factorial design with three factors: Policy (availability vs size vs labelling vs tax) x Behaviour (alcohol consumption vs tobacco use vs high-calorie snack food consumption) x Evidence communication (no message vs assertion of policy effectiveness vs assertion and quantification of policy effectiveness [e.g., a 10% change in behaviour]). Participants (N = 7058) were randomly allocated to one of the 36 groups. The primary outcome was Acceptability of the policy. Acceptability differed across policy, behaviour and evidence communication (all ps < .001). Labelling was the most acceptable policy (supported by 78%) and Availability the least (47%). Tobacco use was the most acceptable behaviour to be targeted by policies (73%) compared with policies targeting Alcohol (55%) and Food (54%). Relative to the control group (60%), asserting evidence of effectiveness increased Acceptability (63%); adding a quantification to this assertion did not significantly increase this further (65%). Public Acceptability for nudges and taxes to improve population health varies with the behaviour targeted and the type of intervention but is generally favourable. Communicating that these policies are effective can increase support by a small but significant amount, suggesting that highlighting effectiveness could contribute to mobilising Public demand for policies. While uncertainty remains about the strength of Public support needed, this may help overcome political inertia and enable action on behaviours that damage population and planetary health.
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Public Acceptability of population level interventions to reduce alcohol consumption a discrete choice experiment
Social Science & Medicine, 2014Co-Authors: Rachel Pechey, Peter Burge, Emmanouil Mentzakis, Marc Suhrcke, Theresa M MarteauAbstract:Public Acceptability influences policy action, but the most acceptable policies are not always the most effective. This discrete choice experiment provides a novel investigation of the Acceptability of different interventions to reduce alcohol consumption and the effect of information on expected effectiveness, using a UK general population sample of 1202 adults. Policy options included high, medium and low intensity versions of: Minimum Unit Pricing (MUP) for alcohol; reducing numbers of alcohol retail outlets; and regulating alcohol advertising. Outcomes of interventions were predicted for: alcohol-related crimes; alcohol-related hospital admissions; and heavy drinkers. First, the models obtained were used to predict preferences if expected outcomes of interventions were not taken into account. In such models around half of participants or more were predicted to prefer the status quo over implementing outlet reductions or higher intensity MUP. Second, preferences were predicted when information on expected outcomes was considered, with most participants now choosing any given intervention over the status quo. Acceptability of MUP interventions increased by the greatest extent: from 43% to 63% preferring MUP of £1 to the status quo. Respondents' own drinking behaviour also influenced preferences, with around 90% of non-drinkers being predicted to choose all interventions over the status quo, and with more moderate than heavy drinkers favouring a given policy over the status quo. Importantly, the study findings suggest Public Acceptability of alcohol interventions is dependent on both the nature of the policy and its expected effectiveness. Policy-makers struggling to mobilise support for hitherto unpopular but promising policies should consider giving greater prominence to their expected outcomes.
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Public Acceptability of government intervention to change health related behaviours a systematic review and narrative synthesis
BMC Public Health, 2013Co-Authors: Stephanie Diepeveen, Marc Suhrcke, Tom Ling, Martin Roland, Theresa M MarteauAbstract:Governments can intervene to change health-related behaviours using various measures but are sensitive to Public attitudes towards such interventions. This review describes Public attitudes towards a range of policy interventions aimed at changing tobacco and alcohol use, diet, and physical activity, and the extent to which these attitudes vary with characteristics of (a) the targeted behaviour (b) the intervention and (c) the respondents. We searched electronic databases and conducted a narrative synthesis of empirical studies that reported Public attitudes in Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand towards interventions relating to tobacco, alcohol, diet and physical activity. Two hundred studies met the inclusion criteria. Over half the studies (105/200, 53%) were conducted in North America, with the most common interventions relating to tobacco control (110/200, 55%), followed by alcohol (42/200, 21%), diet-related interventions (18/200, 9%), interventions targeting both diet and physical activity (18/200, 9%), and physical activity alone (3/200, 2%). Most studies used survey-based methods (160/200, 80%), and only ten used experimental designs. Acceptability varied as a function of: (a) the targeted behaviour, with more support observed for smoking-related interventions; (b) the type of intervention, with less intrusive interventions, those already implemented, and those targeting children and young people attracting most support; and (c) the characteristics of respondents, with support being highest in those not engaging in the targeted behaviour, and with women and older respondents being more likely to endorse more restrictive measures. Public Acceptability of government interventions to change behaviour is greatest for the least intrusive interventions, which are often the least effective, and for interventions targeting the behaviour of others, rather than the respondent him or herself. Experimental studies are needed to assess how the presentation of the problem and the benefits of intervention might increase Acceptability for those interventions which are more effective but currently less acceptable.
Scott A. Ritchie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A lethal ovitrap‐based mass trapping scheme for dengue control in Australia: I. Public Acceptability and performance of lethal ovitraps
Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 2009Co-Authors: Scott A. Ritchie, Luke P. Rapley, Craig R. Williams, Petrina H. Johnson, M. Larkman, R. M. Silcock, Sharron A. Long, Richard C. RussellAbstract:We report on the first field evaluation of the Public Acceptability and performance of two types of lethal ovitrap (LO) in three separate trials in Cairns, Australia. Health workers were able to set standard lethal ovitraps (SLOs) in 75 and 71% of premise yards in the wet and dry season, respectively, and biodegradable lethal ovitraps (BLOs) in 93% of yards. Public acceptance, measured as retention of traps by residents, was high for both trap types, with
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a lethal ovitrap based mass trapping scheme for dengue control in australia i Public Acceptability and performance of lethal ovitraps
Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 2009Co-Authors: Scott A. Ritchie, Luke P. Rapley, Craig R. Williams, Petrina H. Johnson, M. Larkman, R. M. Silcock, Sharron A. Long, Richard C. RussellAbstract:We report on the first field evaluation of the Public Acceptability and performance of two types of lethal ovitrap (LO) in three separate trials in Cairns, Australia. Health workers were able to set standard lethal ovitraps (SLOs) in 75 and 71% of premise yards in the wet and dry season, respectively, and biodegradable lethal ovitraps (BLOs) in 93% of yards. Public acceptance, measured as retention of traps by residents, was high for both trap types, with <9% of traps missing after 4 weeks. Traps retaining water after 4 weeks were 78 and 34% for the two SLO trials and 58% for the BLOs. The ‘failure rate’ in the 535 BLOs set in the field for 4 weeks was 47%, of which 19% were lost, 51% had holes from probable insect chewing, 23% were knocked over, 7% had dried by evaporation and 1% were split. There was no significant difference in the failure rate of BLOs set on porous (grass, soil and mulch) versus solid (tiles, concrete, wood and stone) substrates. The SLOs and the BLOs were readily acceptable to ovipositing Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae); the mean number of eggs/trap was 6 and 15, for the dry season and wet season SLO trial, respectively, and 15 for the BLO wet season trial. Indeed, 84–94% of premise yards had egg positive SLOs or BLOs. A high percentage of both wet and dry season SLOs (29 and 70%, respectively) and BLOs (62%) that were dry after 4 weeks were egg positive, indicating the traps had functioned. Lethal strips from SLOs and BLOs that had been exposed for 4 weeks killed 83 and 74%, respectively, of gravid Ae. aegypti in laboratory assays. These results indicate that mass trapping schemes using SLOs and BLOs are not rejected by the Public and effectively target gravid Ae. aegypti. The impact of the interventions on mosquito populations is described in a companion paper.
Richard C. Russell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A lethal ovitrap‐based mass trapping scheme for dengue control in Australia: I. Public Acceptability and performance of lethal ovitraps
Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 2009Co-Authors: Scott A. Ritchie, Luke P. Rapley, Craig R. Williams, Petrina H. Johnson, M. Larkman, R. M. Silcock, Sharron A. Long, Richard C. RussellAbstract:We report on the first field evaluation of the Public Acceptability and performance of two types of lethal ovitrap (LO) in three separate trials in Cairns, Australia. Health workers were able to set standard lethal ovitraps (SLOs) in 75 and 71% of premise yards in the wet and dry season, respectively, and biodegradable lethal ovitraps (BLOs) in 93% of yards. Public acceptance, measured as retention of traps by residents, was high for both trap types, with
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a lethal ovitrap based mass trapping scheme for dengue control in australia i Public Acceptability and performance of lethal ovitraps
Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 2009Co-Authors: Scott A. Ritchie, Luke P. Rapley, Craig R. Williams, Petrina H. Johnson, M. Larkman, R. M. Silcock, Sharron A. Long, Richard C. RussellAbstract:We report on the first field evaluation of the Public Acceptability and performance of two types of lethal ovitrap (LO) in three separate trials in Cairns, Australia. Health workers were able to set standard lethal ovitraps (SLOs) in 75 and 71% of premise yards in the wet and dry season, respectively, and biodegradable lethal ovitraps (BLOs) in 93% of yards. Public acceptance, measured as retention of traps by residents, was high for both trap types, with <9% of traps missing after 4 weeks. Traps retaining water after 4 weeks were 78 and 34% for the two SLO trials and 58% for the BLOs. The ‘failure rate’ in the 535 BLOs set in the field for 4 weeks was 47%, of which 19% were lost, 51% had holes from probable insect chewing, 23% were knocked over, 7% had dried by evaporation and 1% were split. There was no significant difference in the failure rate of BLOs set on porous (grass, soil and mulch) versus solid (tiles, concrete, wood and stone) substrates. The SLOs and the BLOs were readily acceptable to ovipositing Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae); the mean number of eggs/trap was 6 and 15, for the dry season and wet season SLO trial, respectively, and 15 for the BLO wet season trial. Indeed, 84–94% of premise yards had egg positive SLOs or BLOs. A high percentage of both wet and dry season SLOs (29 and 70%, respectively) and BLOs (62%) that were dry after 4 weeks were egg positive, indicating the traps had functioned. Lethal strips from SLOs and BLOs that had been exposed for 4 weeks killed 83 and 74%, respectively, of gravid Ae. aegypti in laboratory assays. These results indicate that mass trapping schemes using SLOs and BLOs are not rejected by the Public and effectively target gravid Ae. aegypti. The impact of the interventions on mosquito populations is described in a companion paper.
Bernhard Schlag - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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socioeconomic differences in Public Acceptability and car use adaptation towards urban road pricing
Transport Policy, 2011Co-Authors: Tina Gehlert, Otto Anker Nielsen, Christiane Kramer, Bernhard SchlagAbstract:Urban road pricing is regarded as an effective instrument to reduce traffic congestion and environmental-related problems in metropolitan areas. Whereas the overall impact of urban road pricing on car use adaptation and Public Acceptability is known, there are only inconsistent results concerning the socioeconomic differences in the response towards road pricing. However, this knowledge is necessary for the development of urban road pricing packages. This paper uses a segmentation approach to identify groups of car users with a similar background in relevant socioeconomic variables and compares their responses towards road pricing. Three groups are identified: young families, suburban families, and singles and couples. These groups indeed differ in their car use adaptation towards urban road pricing as well as in their preferred revenues use. While all three groups significantly reduced their private car use, the young families reduced their car use most, followed by the group of singles and couples. Complementary measures are discussed that are believed to facilitate car use adaptation of each group in response towards urban road pricing.
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Public Acceptability change of urban road pricing schemes
Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Transport, 2008Co-Authors: Tina Gehlert, Otto Anker Nielsen, Jeppe Rich, Bernhard SchlagAbstract:Previous research has demonstrated the low Public Acceptability of urban road pricing schemes, in particular before being implemented. However, Acceptability has changed positively in cities that have introduced road pricing. The reasons for these Acceptability changes are unclear. One reason for the Acceptability change after the implementation of road pricing could be people's successful reduction of their car use in line with the psychological theory of cognitive dissonance. Therefore, this study investigated Public Acceptability changes, private car use reductions and their relationship in response to urban road pricing. Data from the AKTA road pricing experiment in Copenhagen, Denmark was used. This dataset provides the unique possibility to link driver's Acceptability change with their car use reductions. In contrast to previous studies the majority of participants in AKTA (and in Copenhagen in general) supported road pricing before the start of the field experiment. However, no change in Public Acceptability was observed as a consequence of the experiment. Global positioning system-based car use indicators as well as subjective reports about car use reductions show that car drivers have reduced their car use in response to road pricing. However, only limited support for a relationship between Acceptability change and reductions in car use was found. The implications of these results are discussed.
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Public Acceptability of traffic demand management in europe
Traffic engineering and control, 2000Co-Authors: Bernhard Schlag, Jens SchadeAbstract:This paper reports on a survey of the Public Acceptability of transport pricing carried out as part of the European Commission, DG VII (now DG TREN), project TransPrice (Trans-Modal Integrated Urban Transport Pricing for Optimum Modal Split). Based, amongst others, on the 1995 EC green paper 'Towards fair and efficient pricing in transport', TransPrice aimed to demonstrate the potential benefits of several demand management and mode-choice pricing measures by modelling and real-life applications. The method used was to examine the potential user response as well as the road traffic operational, socio-economic, financial and behavioural effects of pricing measures by means of travel behaviour analysis and stated preference analysis and by a traffic simulation for several alternative trans-modal pricing scenarios. One of the main purposes of the project was the analysis of the Acceptability which the demonstrated or proposed new measures got or would get if introduced.
Marc Suhrcke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Public Acceptability of population level interventions to reduce alcohol consumption a discrete choice experiment
Social Science & Medicine, 2014Co-Authors: Rachel Pechey, Peter Burge, Emmanouil Mentzakis, Marc Suhrcke, Theresa M MarteauAbstract:Public Acceptability influences policy action, but the most acceptable policies are not always the most effective. This discrete choice experiment provides a novel investigation of the Acceptability of different interventions to reduce alcohol consumption and the effect of information on expected effectiveness, using a UK general population sample of 1202 adults. Policy options included high, medium and low intensity versions of: Minimum Unit Pricing (MUP) for alcohol; reducing numbers of alcohol retail outlets; and regulating alcohol advertising. Outcomes of interventions were predicted for: alcohol-related crimes; alcohol-related hospital admissions; and heavy drinkers. First, the models obtained were used to predict preferences if expected outcomes of interventions were not taken into account. In such models around half of participants or more were predicted to prefer the status quo over implementing outlet reductions or higher intensity MUP. Second, preferences were predicted when information on expected outcomes was considered, with most participants now choosing any given intervention over the status quo. Acceptability of MUP interventions increased by the greatest extent: from 43% to 63% preferring MUP of £1 to the status quo. Respondents' own drinking behaviour also influenced preferences, with around 90% of non-drinkers being predicted to choose all interventions over the status quo, and with more moderate than heavy drinkers favouring a given policy over the status quo. Importantly, the study findings suggest Public Acceptability of alcohol interventions is dependent on both the nature of the policy and its expected effectiveness. Policy-makers struggling to mobilise support for hitherto unpopular but promising policies should consider giving greater prominence to their expected outcomes.
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Public Acceptability of government intervention to change health related behaviours a systematic review and narrative synthesis
BMC Public Health, 2013Co-Authors: Stephanie Diepeveen, Marc Suhrcke, Tom Ling, Martin Roland, Theresa M MarteauAbstract:Governments can intervene to change health-related behaviours using various measures but are sensitive to Public attitudes towards such interventions. This review describes Public attitudes towards a range of policy interventions aimed at changing tobacco and alcohol use, diet, and physical activity, and the extent to which these attitudes vary with characteristics of (a) the targeted behaviour (b) the intervention and (c) the respondents. We searched electronic databases and conducted a narrative synthesis of empirical studies that reported Public attitudes in Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand towards interventions relating to tobacco, alcohol, diet and physical activity. Two hundred studies met the inclusion criteria. Over half the studies (105/200, 53%) were conducted in North America, with the most common interventions relating to tobacco control (110/200, 55%), followed by alcohol (42/200, 21%), diet-related interventions (18/200, 9%), interventions targeting both diet and physical activity (18/200, 9%), and physical activity alone (3/200, 2%). Most studies used survey-based methods (160/200, 80%), and only ten used experimental designs. Acceptability varied as a function of: (a) the targeted behaviour, with more support observed for smoking-related interventions; (b) the type of intervention, with less intrusive interventions, those already implemented, and those targeting children and young people attracting most support; and (c) the characteristics of respondents, with support being highest in those not engaging in the targeted behaviour, and with women and older respondents being more likely to endorse more restrictive measures. Public Acceptability of government interventions to change behaviour is greatest for the least intrusive interventions, which are often the least effective, and for interventions targeting the behaviour of others, rather than the respondent him or herself. Experimental studies are needed to assess how the presentation of the problem and the benefits of intervention might increase Acceptability for those interventions which are more effective but currently less acceptable.
