The Experts below are selected from a list of 324 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Duo Li - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Modulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR γ) by conjugated fatty Acid in obesity and inflammatory bowel disease.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2015Co-Authors: Gaofeng Yuan, Xiaoe Chen, Duo LiAbstract:Conjugated fatty Acids including conjugated linoleic Acid (CLA) and conjugated linolenic Acid (CLNA) have drawn significant attention for their variety of biologically beneficial effects. Evidence suggested that CLA and CLNA could play physiological roles by regulating the expression and activity of PPAR γ. This review summarizes the current understanding of evidence of the role of CLA (cis-9,trans-11 CLA and trans-10,cis-12 CLA) and CLNA (Punicic Acid and α-eleostearic Acid) in modulating the expression or activity of PPAR γ that could in turn be employed as complementary treatment for obesity and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Effects of Geographical Origin on the Conjugated Linolenic Acid of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim Seed Oil
Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 2011Co-Authors: Jing Yang, Gaofeng Yuan, Ci Qin Zhou, Duo LiAbstract:Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim (T. kirilowii) seeds from four geographical locations (Changxing, Quzhou, Yuexi, Dongzhi) contained 26.15–49.41% oil and 28.68–37.90% protein. The seed oil was distinguished by the conjugated linolenic Acids, Punicic Acid (PA) and α-eleostearic Acid (α-ESA). The main fatty Acids in T. kirilowii seed oils were ranked in the following order: Punicic Acid (33.09–39.15%), linolenic Acid (33.77–38.66%), oleic Acid (15.15–24.88%), palmitic Acid (2.36–4.86%). PA was the main isomer of CLNA (33.09–39.15%). No significant differences were found either in PA content or in α-ESA content of T. kirilowii seed from these geographical locations. Little difference was observed in the quantitative composition of the lipid contents of seeds from different geographical locations. The α-tocopherol content of T. kirilowii seed ranged from 6.34 to 31.74 mg/100 g, with the highest levels in Changxing seeds. The present results showed that T. kirilowii seeds were especially rich in PA, and their contents were not influenced by the geographical locations. Variation in some proximate compositions by geographical locations may be caused by ecological conditions, temperature, climate condition, technical and cultural conditions.
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incorporation and metabolism of Punicic Acid in healthy young humans
Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 2009Co-Authors: Gaofeng Yuan, Andrew J Sinclair, Chaojiong Xu, Duo LiAbstract:The objective of this study was to investigate the incorporation and metabolism of Punicic Acid (PA, cis9,trans11,cis13-18:3) in healthy young humans. The study was a randomized controlled trial. After 7 days adaptation with sunflower seed kernels supplementation, 30 subjects were then divided into the control and test group (n = 15). The test group was supplemented with Trichosanthes kirilowii (TK) seed kernels containing 3 g of PA per day in the form of triacylglycerols for 28 days. The control group was provided with sunflower seed kernels. After consumption of TK seeds containing 3 g PA per day for 28 days, the proportion of PA was increased from 0.00 to 0.47% in plasma and 0.00 to 0.37% in red blood cell membranes (RBCM), respectively. The proportion of cis9,trans11-18:2 was increased from 0.05 to 0.23% in plasma and 0.03 to 0.17% in RBCM after 28 days of intervention, respectively. Our results suggest that PA can be effectively incorporated into human plasma and RBCM, and is also associated with the increasing proportion of cis9,trans11-18:2 in humans, presumably as a result of metabolism by a saturation reaction. Edible TK seeds could be a potential dietary source of conjugated linoleic Acids.
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effect of Punicic Acid naturally occurring in food on lipid peroxidation in healthy young humans
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2009Co-Authors: Gaofeng Yuan, Mark L Wahlqvist, Jingqun Yuan, Qiaomei Wang, Duo LiAbstract:BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological roles of Punicic Acid (PA) naturally occurring in a Chinese snack food, Trichosanthes kirilowii (TK) seeds, in healthy young subjects. RESULTS: Following a 7 day adaptation period with sunflower seed kernel supplementation, 30 subjects were divided into control and test groups (n = 15 per group). The test group was supplemented daily with TK seed kernels containing 3 g PA in the form of triacylglycerols for 28 days. The control group was provided with sunflower seed kernels. Urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α concentration increased significantly in the test group (P = 0.004). However, there were no significant effects on body weight, plasma lipid profile, cholesterol-reactive protein, interleukin 6, insulin, glucose and insulin resistance. CONCLUSION: PA naturally occurring in TK seeds increases lipid peroxidation in healthy young humans. Further studies of the mechanism behind and the possible consequences of the increased lipid peroxidation after PA supplementation are needed. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
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Punicic Acid from trichosanthes kirilowii seed oil is rapidly metabolized to conjugated linoleic Acid in rats
Journal of Medicinal Food, 2009Co-Authors: Gaofeng Yuan, Jingqun Yuan, Duo LiAbstract:ABSTRACT The incorporation and metabolism of orally administered Punicic Acid (PA), one isomer of conjugated linolenic Acid (CLNA), in rat tissues and plasma were studied over a 24-hour period. The punic Acid was derived from Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim seed oil, a unique PA-containing material, and identified and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results show that PA was incorporated and metabolized to 9c,11t-conjugated linoleic Acid (CLA) in rat plasma, liver, kidney, heart, brain, and adipose tissue. The level of PA and CLA in liver and plasma was higher than in brain, heart, kidney, and adipose tissue, and the lowest accumulation occurred in the brain. The observation that PA can be converted into 9c,11t-CLA has gained increased importance since it has been demonstrated that 9c,11t-CLA exerts many biological activities. Therefore natural resources containing CLNA, especially edible T. kirilowii seed, could be a potential dietary source o...
K G Raghu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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insulin resistance in 3t3 l1 adipocytes by tnf α is improved by Punicic Acid through upregulation of insulin signalling pathway and endocrine function and downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines
Biochimie, 2018Co-Authors: S S Anusree, G Sindhu, M Preetha R Rani, K G RaghuAbstract:Abstract Insulin resistance (IR) has become a major threat to public health due to its role in metabolic syndrome. Inflammation associated with IR is an interesting area of biomedical research in recent years and is expected to affect insulin signalling pathway via downregulating glucose transporters. In the present study, we evaluate the potential of Punicic Acid (PA), a nutraceutical found in pomegranate seed oil, against TNF-α induced alteration in 3T3-L1 adipocytes on glucose metabolism, endocrine function and inflammation. IR was induced in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by treating with TNF-α (10 ng/mL) and various concentrations of PA (5, 10, 30 μM) were incubated simultaneously. After 24 h, we found that TNF-α treatment increased mRNA expression of SOCS3, PTP1B and a decrease in IRS1 causing diminished glucose uptake. Further, it showed significantly increased transcriptional activity of NFκB and leptin secretion while PA maintained leptin levels normal. Additionally, PA prevented the over-expression of phosphorylated JNK in a dose dependent manner during IR. PA also ameliorated significantly the upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines. From the results, we conclude that PA is effective to ameliorate TNF-α induced IR and also we recommend the intake of PA for control and management of IR and its associated complications.
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insulin resistance by tnf α is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in 3t3 l1 adipocytes and is ameliorated by Punicic Acid a pparγ agonist
Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 2015Co-Authors: S S Anusree, V M Nisha, A Priyanka, K G RaghuAbstract:Abstract Punicic Acid (PA), a poly unsaturated fatty Acid found abundantly in pomegranate seed oil is reported to have PPARγ agonist property. TNF-α mediated insulin resistance plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes and is associated with severe mitochondrial impairment. In this study, PA was evaluated for its ability to ameliorate TNF-α induced mitochondrial dysfunctions in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. For this, we examined the alterations in mitochondrial energetics, biogenesis, transmembrane potential and dynamics in TNF-α induced insulin resistant model of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. PA improved glucose uptake, ROS accumulation, mitochondrial biogenesis and energetics in TNF-α treated cells. In addition, treatment with PA was found to ameliorate TNF-α induced alterations in proteins associated with mitochondrial dynamics like FIS1 and OPA1. These findings suggest that PA can be considered as an active lead for the management of insulin resistance and associated mitochondrial dysfunctions.
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an in vitro study reveals the nutraceutical potential of Punicic Acid relevant to diabetes via enhanced glut4 expression and adiponectin secretion
Food & Function, 2014Co-Authors: S S Anusree, V M Nisha, A Priyanka, K G RaghuAbstract:The prevalence of diabetes and heart diseases is increasing in the world. Nutraceuticals of natural origin are gaining importance as an alternative to modern drugs for the management of metabolic syndrome. In the present study, Punicic Acid (PA), a major bioactive found in pomegranate seed, was subjected for biological characterization with respect to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist property in an in vitro system (3T3-L1 adipocytes). We evaluated the adipogenic potential of various concentrations (5, 10 and 30 μM) of PA by studying triglyceride accumulation and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity in adipocytes, which were found to be increased moderately compared with the positive control, i.e. rosiglitazone (RG). Glucose uptake activity (↑225.93% ± 2.55% for 30 μM of PA), and the prevention of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation (↓57 ± 1.83% for 30 μM of PA) in adipocytes with PA were also evaluated. We also found that PA increased adiponectin secretion and upregulated GLUT4 expression and translocation in adipocytes. Molecular modelling studies revealed a high binding affinity of PA to the PPARγ ligand binding domain. An in vitro ligand binding assay based on time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) also proved PA as a PPARγ agonist. Finally, we conclude that PA is a potential nutraceutical and should be encouraged for use both as a prophylactic and therapeutic agent.
Mahua Ghosh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Protective effect of conjugated linolenic Acid isomers present in vegetable oils against arsenite-induced renal toxicity in rat model
Nutrition, 2013Co-Authors: S S Saha, Mahua GhoshAbstract:OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of conjugated linolenic Acid (CLnA), present in vegetable oils against arsenite-induced renal oxidative stress. METHODS: Albino rats were divided into six groups. Group 1 was control and group 2 was treated with sodium arsenite (Sa; 10 mg/kg BW). Rats in groups 3 and 4 were treated with mixture of α-eleostearic Acid and Punicic Acid (1:1) (0.5% and 1.0%, respectively), whereas rats in the groups 5 and 6 were treated with 0.5% of α-eleostearic Acid and 0.5% of Punicic Acid, respectively, along with Sa by oral gavage once daily. RESULTS: Results revealed that activity of antioxidant enzymes and total reduced glutathione content, total protein content, and phospholipid content in kidney were decreased significantly in arsenite-treated group compared with control. Activity of nitric oxide synthase, peroxidation of lipid, protein oxidation, total cholesterol content, total lipid content of kidney, and plasma creatinine level were increased significantly (P < 0.05) in arsenite-treated rats compared with control. Fatty-Acid composition of renal lipids showed significant decrease in monounsaturated fatty Acid, polyunsaturated fatty Acid (PUFA) content, and increase in saturated fatty Acid content due to oxidative stress. PUFA such as γ-linolenic Acid, eicosapentaenoic Acid, and docosahexaenoic Acid decreased significantly with significant (P < 0.05) increase in arachidonic Acid content after Sa treatment. Administration of blended product of both the isomers caused better restoration of renal fatty Acids and other altered parameters. CONCLUSION: CLnA isomers caused amelioration of renal oxidative stress and the isomers showed synergistic activity.
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Synergistic effect of conjugated linolenic Acid isomers against induced oxidative stress, inflammation and erythrocyte membrane disintegrity in rat model
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 2012Co-Authors: S S Saha, Pritha Dasgupta, Sumita Sengupta, Mahua GhoshAbstract:Abstract Background α-Eleostearic Acid and Punicic Acid, two typical conjugated linolenic Acid (CLnA) isomers present in bitter gourd and snake gourd oil respectively, exhibit contrasting cis-trans configuration which made them biologically important. Methods Rats were divided into six groups. Group 1 was control and group 2 was treated control. Rats in the groups 3 and 4 were treated with mixture of α-eleostearic Acid and Punicic Acid (1:1) (0.5% and 1.0% respectively) while rats in the groups 5 and 6 were treated with 0.5% of α-eleostearic Acid and 0.5% of Punicic Acid respectively along with sodium arsenite by oral gavage once per day. Results Results showed that increase in nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, inflammatory markers expression, platelet aggregation, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, DNA damage and altered expression of liver X receptor-α (LXR-α) after arsenite treatment were restored with the supplementation of oils containing CLnA isomers. Altered activities of different antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) also restored after oil supplementation. Altered morphology and fluidity of erythrocyte membrane studied by atomic force and scanning electron microscopy, after stress induction were significantly improved due to amelioration in cholesterol/phospholipid ratio and fatty Acid profile of membrane. Oils treatment also improved morphology of liver and fatty Acid composition of hepatic lipid. Conclusions Overall two isomers showed synergistic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect against induced perturbations and membrane disintegrity. General significance Synergistic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory role of these CLnA isomers were established by this study.
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Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of conjugated linolenic Acid isomers against streptozotocin-induced diabetes.
British Journal of Nutrition, 2011Co-Authors: S S Saha, Mahua GhoshAbstract:The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of α-eleostearic Acid and Punicic Acid, two isomers of conjugated linolenic Acid (CLnA) present in bitter gourd ( Momordica charantia ) and snake gourd oil ( Trichosanthes anguina ), respectively, against oxidative stress, inflammatory challenge and aberration in erythrocyte morphology due to streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Male albino rats were divided into four groups consisting of eight animals in each group. The first group served as control and diabetes was induced in rats in groups 2–4 by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ. Moreover, rats in groups 3 and 4 were treated with 0·5 % of α-eleostearic Acid and 0·5 % of Punicic Acid of the total lipid given, respectively, by oral administration once per d. After administration, CLnA isomers had significantly reduced oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and restored antioxidant and pro-inflammatory enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione, NO synthase level in pancreas, blood and erythrocyte lysate. The ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay of plasma showed that CLnA treatment caused improvement in the FRAP value which was altered after STZ treatment due to an increased level of free radicals. Expression of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6 in blood and expression of hepatic NF-κB (p65) increased significantly after STZ treatment due to increased inflammation which was restored with the administration of CLnA isomers. From the obtained results, it could be concluded that α-eleostearic Acid and Punicic Acid showed potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity with varying effectivity.
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Ameliorative role of conjugated linolenic Acid isomers against oxidative DNA damage induced by sodium arsenite in rat model.
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2010Co-Authors: S S Saha, Mahua GhoshAbstract:Abstract The present study was undertaken to evaluate the ameliorative role of α-eleostearic Acid and Punicic Acid, isomers of conjugated linolenic (CLnA) Acid, against oxidative stress induced DNA damage. Male albino rats were divided into six groups. Group 1 and 2 were normal control and sodium arsenite treated (Sa; 10 mg/kg BW) control respectively. Group 3–6 were orally treated with different doses of two fatty Acids (0.5% and 1.0% of total lipid given for each isomer) along with sodium arsenite (Sa; 10 mg/kg BW). Comet assay of blood leukocytes showed that administration of CLnA reduced DNA damage significantly ( P
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comparative study of antioxidant activity of α eleostearic Acid and Punicic Acid against oxidative stress generated by sodium arsenite
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2009Co-Authors: S S Saha, Mahua GhoshAbstract:Abstract The present study was undertaken to evaluate the antioxidant efficacy of α-eleostearic Acid and Punicic Acid, two isomers of conjugated linolenic Acid, in terms of normalization of altered biochemical parameters of oxidative stress following sodium arsenite treatment in rats. Animals were divided into four groups. The first group used as control. While, group 2, 3 and 4 were orally treated with α-eleostearic Acid (0.5% of total lipid given) plus sodium arsenite (Sa; 10 mg/kg BW), Punicic Acid (0.5% of total lipid given) plus sodium arsenite (Sa; 10 mg/kg BW) and sodium arsenite (Sa; 10 mg/kg BW), respectively. Results showed that activities of antioxidant enzymes decreased significantly due to oxidative stress generated by sodium arsenite. Lipid peroxidation also increased due to sodium arsenite administration. α-Eleostearic Acid and Punicic Acid acted as antioxidant and caused mostly all the altered parameters restored to normal level. Results also showed that antioxidant activity of α-eleostearic Acid was more predominant than that of Punicic Acid.
Randall J Weselake - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Punicic Acid production in brassica napus
Metabolic Engineering, 2020Co-Authors: Yang Xu, Elzbieta Mietkiewska, Randall J Weselake, Saleh Shah, Guanqun ChenAbstract:Abstract Punicic Acid (PuA; 18:3Δ9cis,11trans,13cis), a conjugated linolenic Acid isomer bearing three conjugated double bonds, is associated with various health benefits and has potential for industrial use. The major nature source of this unusual fatty Acid is pomegranate (Punica granatum) seed oil, which contains up to 80% (w/w) of its fatty Acids as PuA. Pomegranate seed oil, however, is low yielding with unstable production and thus limits the supply of PuA. Metabolic engineering of established temperate oil crops for PuA production, therefore, has the potential to be a feasible strategy to overcome the limitations associated with sourcing PuA from pomegranate. In this study, the cDNAs encoding a pomegranate fatty Acid conjugase and a pomegranate oleate desaturase were co-expressed in canola-type Brassica napus. Transgenic B. napus lines accumulated up to 11% (w/w) of the total fatty Acids as PuA in the seed oil, which is the highest level of PuA reported in metabolically engineered oilseed crops so far. Levels of seed oil PuA were stable over two generations and had no negative effects on seed germination. The transgenic B. napus lines with the highest PuA levels contained multiple transgene insertions and the PuA content of B. napus seed oil was correlated with efficiency of oleic Acid desaturation and linoleic Acid conjugation. In addition, PuA accumulated at lower levels in polar lipids (5.0–6.9%) than triacylglycerol (7.5–10.6%), and more than 60% of triacylglycerol-associated PuA was present at the sn-2 position. This study provides the basis for the commercial production of PuA in transgenic oilseed crops and thus would open new prospects for the application of this unusual fatty Acid in health and industry.
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Bioactivity and biotechnological production of Punicic Acid
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2018Co-Authors: Roman Holic, Randall J Weselake, Yang Xu, Kristian Mark P. Caldo, Stacy D. Singer, Catherine J. Field, Guanqun ChenAbstract:Punicic Acid (PuA; 18: 3Δ^ 9cis,11trans,13cis ) is an unusual 18-carbon fatty Acid bearing three conjugated double bonds. It has been shown to exhibit a myriad of beneficial bioactivities including anti-cancer, anti-diabetes, anti-obesity, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Pomegranate ( Punica granatum ) seed oil contains approximately 80% PuA and is currently the major natural source of this remarkable fatty Acid. While both PuA and pomegranate seed oil have been used as functional ingredients in foods and cosmetics for some time, their value in pharmaceutical/medical and industrial applications are presently under further exploration. Unfortunately, the availability of PuA is severely limited by the low yield and unstable supply of pomegranate seeds. In addition, efforts to produce PuA in transgenic crops have been limited by a relatively low content of PuA in the resulting seed oil. The production of PuA in engineered microorganisms with modern fermentation technology is therefore a promising and emerging method with the potential to resolve this predicament. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of this unusual fatty Acid, covering topics ranging from its natural sources, biosynthesis, extraction and analysis, bioactivity, health benefits, and industrial applications, to recent efforts and future perspectives on the production of PuA in engineered plants and microorganisms.
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Metabolic engineering of Schizosaccharomyces pombe to produce Punicic Acid, a conjugated fatty Acid with nutraceutic properties
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2017Co-Authors: Martina Garaiova, Elzbieta Mietkiewska, Randall J Weselake, Roman HolicAbstract:Punicic Acid (PuA) is a conjugated linolenic Acid (C18:3Δ^9c,11t,13c) with a wide range of nutraceutic effects with the potential to reduce the incidence of a number of health disorders including diabetes, obesity, and cancer. It is the main component of seed oil from Punica granatum and Trichosanthes kirilowii . Previously, production of relatively high levels of this unusual fatty Acid in the seed oil of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plant was accomplished by the use of A. thaliana fad3/fae1 mutant high in linoleic Acid (18:2∆^9c,12c) and by co-expression of P. granatum FATTY Acid CONJUGASE ( PgFADX ) with Δ12-DESATURASE ( FAD2 ). In the current study, P. granatum cDNAs governing PuA production were introduced into the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe . Expression of PgFADX alone resulted in production of PuA at the level of 19.6% of total fatty Acids. Co-expression PgFADX with PgFAD2 , however, further enhanced PuA content to 25.1% of total fatty Acids, the highest level reported to date for heterologous expression. Therefore, microbial systems can be considered as a potential alternative to plant sources for a source of PuA for nutraceutic applications.
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the linin promoter is highly effective in enhancing Punicic Acid production in arabidopsis
Plant Cell Reports, 2017Co-Authors: Ziliang Song, Elzbieta Mietkiewska, Randall J WeselakeAbstract:Enhanced levels of Punicic Acid were produced in the seed oil of Arabidopsis over-expressing pomegranate FATTY Acid CONJUGASE driven by heterologous promoters, among which the linin promoter was the most efficient. Fatty Acids with conjugated double bonds play a special role in determining both the nutritional and industrial uses of plant oils. Punicic Acid (18:3Δ9cis,11trans,13cis ), a conjugated fatty Acid naturally enriched in the pomegranate (Punica granatum) seeds, has gained increasing attention from the biotechnology community toward its production in metabolically engineered oilseed crops because of its significant health benefits. The present study focused on selecting the best heterologous promoter to drive the expression of the P. granatum FATTY Acid CONJUGASE (PgFADX) cDNA as a means of producing Punicic Acid in Arabidopsis seed oil. Among the four promoters of genes encoding seed storage proteins from different crop species, the linin promoter led to the highest accumulation of Punicic Acid (13.2% of total fatty Acids in the best homozygous line). Analysis of the relative expression level of PgFADX in developing seeds further confirmed that the linin promoter was most efficient in Arabidopsis. In addition, a conserved profile of cis-regulatory elements were identified in four heterologous promoters by bioinformatic analysis, and their possible roles in regulating gene expression during plant development were also discussed based on the results of this study in combination with the literature. This study contributes to metabolic engineering strategies aimed at enhancing the production of bioactive fatty Acids in oilseed crops.
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The linin promoter is highly effective in enhancing Punicic Acid production in Arabidopsis
Plant Cell Reports, 2017Co-Authors: Ziliang Song, Elzbieta Mietkiewska, Randall J WeselakeAbstract:Key message Enhanced levels of Punicic Acid were produced in the seed oil of Arabidopsis over-expressing pomegranate FATTY Acid CONJUGASE driven by heterologous promoters, among which the linin promoter was the most efficient. Abstract Fatty Acids with conjugated double bonds play a special role in determining both the nutritional and industrial uses of plant oils. Punicic Acid (18:3Δ^9 cis ,11 trans ,13 cis ), a conjugated fatty Acid naturally enriched in the pomegranate ( Punica granatum ) seeds, has gained increasing attention from the biotechnology community toward its production in metabolically engineered oilseed crops because of its significant health benefits. The present study focused on selecting the best heterologous promoter to drive the expression of the P. granatum FATTY Acid CONJUGASE ( PgFADX ) cDNA as a means of producing Punicic Acid in Arabidopsis seed oil. Among the four promoters of genes encoding seed storage proteins from different crop species, the linin promoter led to the highest accumulation of Punicic Acid (13.2% of total fatty Acids in the best homozygous line). Analysis of the relative expression level of PgFADX in developing seeds further confirmed that the linin promoter was most efficient in Arabidopsis. In addition, a conserved profile of cis -regulatory elements were identified in four heterologous promoters by bioinformatic analysis, and their possible roles in regulating gene expression during plant development were also discussed based on the results of this study in combination with the literature. This study contributes to metabolic engineering strategies aimed at enhancing the production of bioactive fatty Acids in oilseed crops.
Gaofeng Yuan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Modulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR γ) by conjugated fatty Acid in obesity and inflammatory bowel disease.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2015Co-Authors: Gaofeng Yuan, Xiaoe Chen, Duo LiAbstract:Conjugated fatty Acids including conjugated linoleic Acid (CLA) and conjugated linolenic Acid (CLNA) have drawn significant attention for their variety of biologically beneficial effects. Evidence suggested that CLA and CLNA could play physiological roles by regulating the expression and activity of PPAR γ. This review summarizes the current understanding of evidence of the role of CLA (cis-9,trans-11 CLA and trans-10,cis-12 CLA) and CLNA (Punicic Acid and α-eleostearic Acid) in modulating the expression or activity of PPAR γ that could in turn be employed as complementary treatment for obesity and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Effects of Geographical Origin on the Conjugated Linolenic Acid of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim Seed Oil
Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 2011Co-Authors: Jing Yang, Gaofeng Yuan, Ci Qin Zhou, Duo LiAbstract:Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim (T. kirilowii) seeds from four geographical locations (Changxing, Quzhou, Yuexi, Dongzhi) contained 26.15–49.41% oil and 28.68–37.90% protein. The seed oil was distinguished by the conjugated linolenic Acids, Punicic Acid (PA) and α-eleostearic Acid (α-ESA). The main fatty Acids in T. kirilowii seed oils were ranked in the following order: Punicic Acid (33.09–39.15%), linolenic Acid (33.77–38.66%), oleic Acid (15.15–24.88%), palmitic Acid (2.36–4.86%). PA was the main isomer of CLNA (33.09–39.15%). No significant differences were found either in PA content or in α-ESA content of T. kirilowii seed from these geographical locations. Little difference was observed in the quantitative composition of the lipid contents of seeds from different geographical locations. The α-tocopherol content of T. kirilowii seed ranged from 6.34 to 31.74 mg/100 g, with the highest levels in Changxing seeds. The present results showed that T. kirilowii seeds were especially rich in PA, and their contents were not influenced by the geographical locations. Variation in some proximate compositions by geographical locations may be caused by ecological conditions, temperature, climate condition, technical and cultural conditions.
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incorporation and metabolism of Punicic Acid in healthy young humans
Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 2009Co-Authors: Gaofeng Yuan, Andrew J Sinclair, Chaojiong Xu, Duo LiAbstract:The objective of this study was to investigate the incorporation and metabolism of Punicic Acid (PA, cis9,trans11,cis13-18:3) in healthy young humans. The study was a randomized controlled trial. After 7 days adaptation with sunflower seed kernels supplementation, 30 subjects were then divided into the control and test group (n = 15). The test group was supplemented with Trichosanthes kirilowii (TK) seed kernels containing 3 g of PA per day in the form of triacylglycerols for 28 days. The control group was provided with sunflower seed kernels. After consumption of TK seeds containing 3 g PA per day for 28 days, the proportion of PA was increased from 0.00 to 0.47% in plasma and 0.00 to 0.37% in red blood cell membranes (RBCM), respectively. The proportion of cis9,trans11-18:2 was increased from 0.05 to 0.23% in plasma and 0.03 to 0.17% in RBCM after 28 days of intervention, respectively. Our results suggest that PA can be effectively incorporated into human plasma and RBCM, and is also associated with the increasing proportion of cis9,trans11-18:2 in humans, presumably as a result of metabolism by a saturation reaction. Edible TK seeds could be a potential dietary source of conjugated linoleic Acids.
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effect of Punicic Acid naturally occurring in food on lipid peroxidation in healthy young humans
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2009Co-Authors: Gaofeng Yuan, Mark L Wahlqvist, Jingqun Yuan, Qiaomei Wang, Duo LiAbstract:BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological roles of Punicic Acid (PA) naturally occurring in a Chinese snack food, Trichosanthes kirilowii (TK) seeds, in healthy young subjects. RESULTS: Following a 7 day adaptation period with sunflower seed kernel supplementation, 30 subjects were divided into control and test groups (n = 15 per group). The test group was supplemented daily with TK seed kernels containing 3 g PA in the form of triacylglycerols for 28 days. The control group was provided with sunflower seed kernels. Urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α concentration increased significantly in the test group (P = 0.004). However, there were no significant effects on body weight, plasma lipid profile, cholesterol-reactive protein, interleukin 6, insulin, glucose and insulin resistance. CONCLUSION: PA naturally occurring in TK seeds increases lipid peroxidation in healthy young humans. Further studies of the mechanism behind and the possible consequences of the increased lipid peroxidation after PA supplementation are needed. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
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Punicic Acid from trichosanthes kirilowii seed oil is rapidly metabolized to conjugated linoleic Acid in rats
Journal of Medicinal Food, 2009Co-Authors: Gaofeng Yuan, Jingqun Yuan, Duo LiAbstract:ABSTRACT The incorporation and metabolism of orally administered Punicic Acid (PA), one isomer of conjugated linolenic Acid (CLNA), in rat tissues and plasma were studied over a 24-hour period. The punic Acid was derived from Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim seed oil, a unique PA-containing material, and identified and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results show that PA was incorporated and metabolized to 9c,11t-conjugated linoleic Acid (CLA) in rat plasma, liver, kidney, heart, brain, and adipose tissue. The level of PA and CLA in liver and plasma was higher than in brain, heart, kidney, and adipose tissue, and the lowest accumulation occurred in the brain. The observation that PA can be converted into 9c,11t-CLA has gained increased importance since it has been demonstrated that 9c,11t-CLA exerts many biological activities. Therefore natural resources containing CLNA, especially edible T. kirilowii seed, could be a potential dietary source o...
