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Paulo Cezar Ceresini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pyricularia graminis-tritici, a new Pyricularia species causing wheat blast
Persoonia, 2016Co-Authors: Vanina Lilián Castroagudín, J. L. N. Maciel, Silvino Intra Moreira, Danilo Pereira, S.s. Moreira, Patrick C. Brunner, Pedro W. Crous, Bruce A. Mcdonald, Eduardo Alves, Paulo Cezar CeresiniAbstract:Pyricularia oryzae is a species complex that causes blast disease on more than 50 species of poaceous plants. Pyricularia oryzae has a worldwide distribution as a rice pathogen and in the last 30 years emerged as an important wheat pathogen in southern Brazil. We conducted phylogenetic analyses using 10 housekeeping loci for 128 isolates of P. oryzae sampled from sympatric populations of wheat, rice, and grasses growing in or near wheat fields. Phylogenetic analyses grouped the isolates into three major clades. Clade 1 comprised isolates associated only with rice and corresponds to the previously described rice blast pathogen P. oryzae pathotype Oryza (PoO). Clade 2 comprised isolates associated almost exclusively with wheat and corresponds to the previously described wheat blast pathogen P. oryzae pathotype Triticum (PoT). Clade 3 contained isolates obtained from wheat as well as other Poaceae hosts. We found that Clade 3 is distinct from P. oryzae and represents a new species, Pyricularia graminis-tritici (Pgt). No morphological differences were observed among these species, but a distinctive pathogenicity spectrum was observed. Pgt and PoT were pathogenic and highly aggressive on Triticum aestivum (wheat), Hordeum vulgare (barley), Urochloa brizantha (signal grass), and Avena sativa (oats). PoO was highly virulent on the original rice host (Oryza sativa), and also on wheat, barley, and oats, but not on signal grass. We conclude that blast disease on wheat and its associated Poaceae hosts in Brazil is caused by multiple Pyricularia species. Pyricularia graminis-tritici was recently found causing wheat blast in Bangladesh. This indicates that P. graminis-tritici represents a serious threat to wheat cultivation globally.
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wheat blast disease caused by Pyricularia graminis tritici sp nov
bioRxiv, 2016Co-Authors: Vanina Lilián Castroagudín, P. W. Crous, J. L. N. Maciel, Silvino Intra Moreira, Danilo Pereira, S.s. Moreira, Patrick C. Brunner, Bruce A. Mcdonald, Eduardo Alves, Paulo Cezar CeresiniAbstract:Pyricularia oryzae is a species complex that causes blast disease on more than 50 species of poaceous plants. Pyricularia oryzae has a worldwide distribution as a rice (Oryza) pathogen and in the last century emerged as an important wheat (Triticum) pathogen in southern Brazil. Presently, P. oryzae pathotype Oryza is considered the rice blast pathogen, whereas P. oryzae pathotype Triticum is the wheat blast pathogen. In this study we investigated whether the Oryza and Triticum pathotypes of P. oryzae were distinct at the species level. We also describe a new Pyricularia species causing blast on several other poaceous hosts in Brazil, including wheat. We conducted phylogenetic analyses using 10 housekeeping loci from an extensive sample (N = 128) of sympatric populations of P. oryzae adapted to rice, wheat and other poaceous hosts found in or near wheat fields. The Bayesian phylogenetic analysis grouped the isolates into two major monophyletic clusters (I and II) with high Bayesian probabilities (P = 0.99). Cluster I contained isolates obtained from wheat as well as other Poaceae hosts (P = 0.98). Cluster II was divided into three host-associated clades (Clades 1, 2 and 3; P > 0.75). Clade 1 contained isolates obtained from wheat and other poaceous hosts, Clade 2 contained exclusively wheat-derived isolates, and Clade 3 comprised isolates associated only with rice. Our interpretation was that cluster I and cluster II correspond to two distinct species: Pyricularia graminis-tritici sp. nov. (Pgt), newly described in this study, and Pyricularia oryzae (Po). The host-associated clades found in P. oryzae Cluster II correspond to P. oryzae pathotype Triticum (PoT; Clades 1 and 2), and P. oryzae pathotype Oryza (PoO; Clade 3). No morphological or cultural differences were observed among these species, but a distinctive pathogenicity spectrum was observed. Pgt and PoT were pathogenic and highly aggressive on Triticum aestivum (wheat), Hordeum vulgare (barley), Urochloa brizantha (signal grass) and Avena sativa (oats). PoO was highly virulent on the original rice host (Oryza sativa), and also on wheat, barley, and oats, but not on signal grass. We concluded that blast disease on wheat and its associated Poaceae hosts in Brazil is caused by multiple Pyricularia species: the newly described Pyricularia graminis-tritici sp. nov., and the known P. oryzae pathotypes Triticum and Oryza. To our knowledge, P. graminis-tritici sp. nov. is still restricted to Brazil, but obviously represents a serious threat to wheat cultivation globally.
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Pyricularia graminis-tritici sp. nov., a new Pyricularia species causing wheat blast
2016Co-Authors: Vanina Lilián Castroagudín, Silvino Intra Moreira, Danilo Pereira, S.s. Moreira, Patrick C. Brunner, João Leodato Nunes Maciel, Pedro W. Crous, Bruce A. Mcdonald, Eduardo Alves, Paulo Cezar CeresiniAbstract:Pyricularia oryzae is a species complex that causes blast disease on more than 50 species of poaceous plants. Pyricularia oryzae has a worldwide distribution as a rice (Oryza) pathogen and in the last century emerged as an important wheat (Triticum) pathogen in southern Brazil. Presently, P. oryzae pathotype Oryza is considered the rice blast pathogen, whereas P. oryzae pathotype Triticum is the wheat blast pathogen. In this study we investigated whether the Oryza and Triticum pathotypes of P. oryzae were distinct at the species level. We also describe a new Pyricularia species causing blast on several other poaceous hosts in Brazil, including wheat. We conducted phylogenetic analyses using 10 housekeeping loci from an extensive sample (N = 128) of sympatric populations of P. oryzae adapted to rice, wheat and other poaceous hosts found in or near wheat fields. The Bayesian phylogenetic analysis grouped the isolates into two major monophyletic clusters (I and II) with high Bayesian probabilities (P = 0.99). Cluster I contained isolates obtained from wheat as well as other Poaceae hosts (P = 0.98). Cluster II was divided into three host-associated clades (Clades 1, 2 and 3; P > 0.75). Clade 1 contained isolates obtained from wheat and other poaceous hosts, Clade 2 contained exclusively wheat-derived isolates, and Clade 3 comprised isolates associated only with rice. Our interpretation was that cluster I and cluster II correspond to two distinct species: Pyricularia graminis-tritici sp. nov. (Pgt), newly described in this study, and Pyricularia oryzae (Po). The host-associated clades found in P. oryzae Cluster II correspond to P. oryzae pathotype Triticum (PoT; Clades 1 and 2), and P. oryzae pathotype Oryza (PoO; Clade 3). No morphological or cultural differences were observed among these species, but a distinctive pathogenicity spectrum was observed. Pgt and PoT were pathogenic and highly aggressive on Triticum aestivum (wheat), Hordeum vulgare (barley), Urochloa brizantha (signal grass) and Avena sativa (oats). PoO was highly virulent on the original rice host (Oryza sativa), and also on wheat, barley, and oats, but not on signal grass. We concluded that blast disease on wheat and its associated Poaceae hosts in Brazil is caused by multiple Pyricularia species: the newly described Pyricularia graminis-tritici sp. nov., and the known P. oryzae pathotypes Triticum and Oryza. To our knowledge, P. graminis-tritici sp. nov. is still restricted to Brazil, but obviously represents a serious threat to wheat cultivation globally.
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Pyricularia pennisetigena and P. zingibericola from invasive grasses infect signal grass, barley and wheat
Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical, 2016Co-Authors: Juliana Teodora De Assis Reges, Matheus Mereb Negrisoli, Adriano Francis Dorigan, Vanina Lilián Castroagudín, J. L. N. Maciel, Paulo Cezar CeresiniAbstract:Fungal species from the Pyricularia genus are associated with blast disease in plants from the Poaceae family, causing losses in economically important crops such as rice, oat, rye, barley, wheat and triticale. This study aimed at characterizing the pathogenicity spectrum of P. pennisetigena and P. zingibericola to signal grass, barley and wheat, as well as comparing them with those from the species P. grisea and P. oryzae pathotype Triticum, which occur widely in the Brazilian agroecosystem. Twenty isolates of Pyricularia spp. were obtained from infected leaf samples of invasive plant species from wheat fields. The isolates classification into distinct Pyricularia species was done using molecular phylogeny based on actin and calmodulin genes. Pyricularia pennisetigena and P. zingibericola inoculated on plant leaves, at a concentration adjusted to 105 conidia mL-1, were pathogenic to signal grass, barley and wheat, with varying levels of aggressiveness.
Vanina Lilián Castroagudín - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pyricularia graminis-tritici, a new Pyricularia species causing wheat blast
Persoonia, 2016Co-Authors: Vanina Lilián Castroagudín, J. L. N. Maciel, Silvino Intra Moreira, Danilo Pereira, S.s. Moreira, Patrick C. Brunner, Pedro W. Crous, Bruce A. Mcdonald, Eduardo Alves, Paulo Cezar CeresiniAbstract:Pyricularia oryzae is a species complex that causes blast disease on more than 50 species of poaceous plants. Pyricularia oryzae has a worldwide distribution as a rice pathogen and in the last 30 years emerged as an important wheat pathogen in southern Brazil. We conducted phylogenetic analyses using 10 housekeeping loci for 128 isolates of P. oryzae sampled from sympatric populations of wheat, rice, and grasses growing in or near wheat fields. Phylogenetic analyses grouped the isolates into three major clades. Clade 1 comprised isolates associated only with rice and corresponds to the previously described rice blast pathogen P. oryzae pathotype Oryza (PoO). Clade 2 comprised isolates associated almost exclusively with wheat and corresponds to the previously described wheat blast pathogen P. oryzae pathotype Triticum (PoT). Clade 3 contained isolates obtained from wheat as well as other Poaceae hosts. We found that Clade 3 is distinct from P. oryzae and represents a new species, Pyricularia graminis-tritici (Pgt). No morphological differences were observed among these species, but a distinctive pathogenicity spectrum was observed. Pgt and PoT were pathogenic and highly aggressive on Triticum aestivum (wheat), Hordeum vulgare (barley), Urochloa brizantha (signal grass), and Avena sativa (oats). PoO was highly virulent on the original rice host (Oryza sativa), and also on wheat, barley, and oats, but not on signal grass. We conclude that blast disease on wheat and its associated Poaceae hosts in Brazil is caused by multiple Pyricularia species. Pyricularia graminis-tritici was recently found causing wheat blast in Bangladesh. This indicates that P. graminis-tritici represents a serious threat to wheat cultivation globally.
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wheat blast disease caused by Pyricularia graminis tritici sp nov
bioRxiv, 2016Co-Authors: Vanina Lilián Castroagudín, P. W. Crous, J. L. N. Maciel, Silvino Intra Moreira, Danilo Pereira, S.s. Moreira, Patrick C. Brunner, Bruce A. Mcdonald, Eduardo Alves, Paulo Cezar CeresiniAbstract:Pyricularia oryzae is a species complex that causes blast disease on more than 50 species of poaceous plants. Pyricularia oryzae has a worldwide distribution as a rice (Oryza) pathogen and in the last century emerged as an important wheat (Triticum) pathogen in southern Brazil. Presently, P. oryzae pathotype Oryza is considered the rice blast pathogen, whereas P. oryzae pathotype Triticum is the wheat blast pathogen. In this study we investigated whether the Oryza and Triticum pathotypes of P. oryzae were distinct at the species level. We also describe a new Pyricularia species causing blast on several other poaceous hosts in Brazil, including wheat. We conducted phylogenetic analyses using 10 housekeeping loci from an extensive sample (N = 128) of sympatric populations of P. oryzae adapted to rice, wheat and other poaceous hosts found in or near wheat fields. The Bayesian phylogenetic analysis grouped the isolates into two major monophyletic clusters (I and II) with high Bayesian probabilities (P = 0.99). Cluster I contained isolates obtained from wheat as well as other Poaceae hosts (P = 0.98). Cluster II was divided into three host-associated clades (Clades 1, 2 and 3; P > 0.75). Clade 1 contained isolates obtained from wheat and other poaceous hosts, Clade 2 contained exclusively wheat-derived isolates, and Clade 3 comprised isolates associated only with rice. Our interpretation was that cluster I and cluster II correspond to two distinct species: Pyricularia graminis-tritici sp. nov. (Pgt), newly described in this study, and Pyricularia oryzae (Po). The host-associated clades found in P. oryzae Cluster II correspond to P. oryzae pathotype Triticum (PoT; Clades 1 and 2), and P. oryzae pathotype Oryza (PoO; Clade 3). No morphological or cultural differences were observed among these species, but a distinctive pathogenicity spectrum was observed. Pgt and PoT were pathogenic and highly aggressive on Triticum aestivum (wheat), Hordeum vulgare (barley), Urochloa brizantha (signal grass) and Avena sativa (oats). PoO was highly virulent on the original rice host (Oryza sativa), and also on wheat, barley, and oats, but not on signal grass. We concluded that blast disease on wheat and its associated Poaceae hosts in Brazil is caused by multiple Pyricularia species: the newly described Pyricularia graminis-tritici sp. nov., and the known P. oryzae pathotypes Triticum and Oryza. To our knowledge, P. graminis-tritici sp. nov. is still restricted to Brazil, but obviously represents a serious threat to wheat cultivation globally.
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Pyricularia graminis-tritici sp. nov., a new Pyricularia species causing wheat blast
2016Co-Authors: Vanina Lilián Castroagudín, Silvino Intra Moreira, Danilo Pereira, S.s. Moreira, Patrick C. Brunner, João Leodato Nunes Maciel, Pedro W. Crous, Bruce A. Mcdonald, Eduardo Alves, Paulo Cezar CeresiniAbstract:Pyricularia oryzae is a species complex that causes blast disease on more than 50 species of poaceous plants. Pyricularia oryzae has a worldwide distribution as a rice (Oryza) pathogen and in the last century emerged as an important wheat (Triticum) pathogen in southern Brazil. Presently, P. oryzae pathotype Oryza is considered the rice blast pathogen, whereas P. oryzae pathotype Triticum is the wheat blast pathogen. In this study we investigated whether the Oryza and Triticum pathotypes of P. oryzae were distinct at the species level. We also describe a new Pyricularia species causing blast on several other poaceous hosts in Brazil, including wheat. We conducted phylogenetic analyses using 10 housekeeping loci from an extensive sample (N = 128) of sympatric populations of P. oryzae adapted to rice, wheat and other poaceous hosts found in or near wheat fields. The Bayesian phylogenetic analysis grouped the isolates into two major monophyletic clusters (I and II) with high Bayesian probabilities (P = 0.99). Cluster I contained isolates obtained from wheat as well as other Poaceae hosts (P = 0.98). Cluster II was divided into three host-associated clades (Clades 1, 2 and 3; P > 0.75). Clade 1 contained isolates obtained from wheat and other poaceous hosts, Clade 2 contained exclusively wheat-derived isolates, and Clade 3 comprised isolates associated only with rice. Our interpretation was that cluster I and cluster II correspond to two distinct species: Pyricularia graminis-tritici sp. nov. (Pgt), newly described in this study, and Pyricularia oryzae (Po). The host-associated clades found in P. oryzae Cluster II correspond to P. oryzae pathotype Triticum (PoT; Clades 1 and 2), and P. oryzae pathotype Oryza (PoO; Clade 3). No morphological or cultural differences were observed among these species, but a distinctive pathogenicity spectrum was observed. Pgt and PoT were pathogenic and highly aggressive on Triticum aestivum (wheat), Hordeum vulgare (barley), Urochloa brizantha (signal grass) and Avena sativa (oats). PoO was highly virulent on the original rice host (Oryza sativa), and also on wheat, barley, and oats, but not on signal grass. We concluded that blast disease on wheat and its associated Poaceae hosts in Brazil is caused by multiple Pyricularia species: the newly described Pyricularia graminis-tritici sp. nov., and the known P. oryzae pathotypes Triticum and Oryza. To our knowledge, P. graminis-tritici sp. nov. is still restricted to Brazil, but obviously represents a serious threat to wheat cultivation globally.
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Pyricularia pennisetigena and P. zingibericola from invasive grasses infect signal grass, barley and wheat
Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical, 2016Co-Authors: Juliana Teodora De Assis Reges, Matheus Mereb Negrisoli, Adriano Francis Dorigan, Vanina Lilián Castroagudín, J. L. N. Maciel, Paulo Cezar CeresiniAbstract:Fungal species from the Pyricularia genus are associated with blast disease in plants from the Poaceae family, causing losses in economically important crops such as rice, oat, rye, barley, wheat and triticale. This study aimed at characterizing the pathogenicity spectrum of P. pennisetigena and P. zingibericola to signal grass, barley and wheat, as well as comparing them with those from the species P. grisea and P. oryzae pathotype Triticum, which occur widely in the Brazilian agroecosystem. Twenty isolates of Pyricularia spp. were obtained from infected leaf samples of invasive plant species from wheat fields. The isolates classification into distinct Pyricularia species was done using molecular phylogeny based on actin and calmodulin genes. Pyricularia pennisetigena and P. zingibericola inoculated on plant leaves, at a concentration adjusted to 105 conidia mL-1, were pathogenic to signal grass, barley and wheat, with varying levels of aggressiveness.
Pedro W. Crous - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pyricularia graminis-tritici, a new Pyricularia species causing wheat blast
Persoonia, 2016Co-Authors: Vanina Lilián Castroagudín, J. L. N. Maciel, Silvino Intra Moreira, Danilo Pereira, S.s. Moreira, Patrick C. Brunner, Pedro W. Crous, Bruce A. Mcdonald, Eduardo Alves, Paulo Cezar CeresiniAbstract:Pyricularia oryzae is a species complex that causes blast disease on more than 50 species of poaceous plants. Pyricularia oryzae has a worldwide distribution as a rice pathogen and in the last 30 years emerged as an important wheat pathogen in southern Brazil. We conducted phylogenetic analyses using 10 housekeeping loci for 128 isolates of P. oryzae sampled from sympatric populations of wheat, rice, and grasses growing in or near wheat fields. Phylogenetic analyses grouped the isolates into three major clades. Clade 1 comprised isolates associated only with rice and corresponds to the previously described rice blast pathogen P. oryzae pathotype Oryza (PoO). Clade 2 comprised isolates associated almost exclusively with wheat and corresponds to the previously described wheat blast pathogen P. oryzae pathotype Triticum (PoT). Clade 3 contained isolates obtained from wheat as well as other Poaceae hosts. We found that Clade 3 is distinct from P. oryzae and represents a new species, Pyricularia graminis-tritici (Pgt). No morphological differences were observed among these species, but a distinctive pathogenicity spectrum was observed. Pgt and PoT were pathogenic and highly aggressive on Triticum aestivum (wheat), Hordeum vulgare (barley), Urochloa brizantha (signal grass), and Avena sativa (oats). PoO was highly virulent on the original rice host (Oryza sativa), and also on wheat, barley, and oats, but not on signal grass. We conclude that blast disease on wheat and its associated Poaceae hosts in Brazil is caused by multiple Pyricularia species. Pyricularia graminis-tritici was recently found causing wheat blast in Bangladesh. This indicates that P. graminis-tritici represents a serious threat to wheat cultivation globally.
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Pyricularia graminis-tritici sp. nov., a new Pyricularia species causing wheat blast
2016Co-Authors: Vanina Lilián Castroagudín, Silvino Intra Moreira, Danilo Pereira, S.s. Moreira, Patrick C. Brunner, João Leodato Nunes Maciel, Pedro W. Crous, Bruce A. Mcdonald, Eduardo Alves, Paulo Cezar CeresiniAbstract:Pyricularia oryzae is a species complex that causes blast disease on more than 50 species of poaceous plants. Pyricularia oryzae has a worldwide distribution as a rice (Oryza) pathogen and in the last century emerged as an important wheat (Triticum) pathogen in southern Brazil. Presently, P. oryzae pathotype Oryza is considered the rice blast pathogen, whereas P. oryzae pathotype Triticum is the wheat blast pathogen. In this study we investigated whether the Oryza and Triticum pathotypes of P. oryzae were distinct at the species level. We also describe a new Pyricularia species causing blast on several other poaceous hosts in Brazil, including wheat. We conducted phylogenetic analyses using 10 housekeeping loci from an extensive sample (N = 128) of sympatric populations of P. oryzae adapted to rice, wheat and other poaceous hosts found in or near wheat fields. The Bayesian phylogenetic analysis grouped the isolates into two major monophyletic clusters (I and II) with high Bayesian probabilities (P = 0.99). Cluster I contained isolates obtained from wheat as well as other Poaceae hosts (P = 0.98). Cluster II was divided into three host-associated clades (Clades 1, 2 and 3; P > 0.75). Clade 1 contained isolates obtained from wheat and other poaceous hosts, Clade 2 contained exclusively wheat-derived isolates, and Clade 3 comprised isolates associated only with rice. Our interpretation was that cluster I and cluster II correspond to two distinct species: Pyricularia graminis-tritici sp. nov. (Pgt), newly described in this study, and Pyricularia oryzae (Po). The host-associated clades found in P. oryzae Cluster II correspond to P. oryzae pathotype Triticum (PoT; Clades 1 and 2), and P. oryzae pathotype Oryza (PoO; Clade 3). No morphological or cultural differences were observed among these species, but a distinctive pathogenicity spectrum was observed. Pgt and PoT were pathogenic and highly aggressive on Triticum aestivum (wheat), Hordeum vulgare (barley), Urochloa brizantha (signal grass) and Avena sativa (oats). PoO was highly virulent on the original rice host (Oryza sativa), and also on wheat, barley, and oats, but not on signal grass. We concluded that blast disease on wheat and its associated Poaceae hosts in Brazil is caused by multiple Pyricularia species: the newly described Pyricularia graminis-tritici sp. nov., and the known P. oryzae pathotypes Triticum and Oryza. To our knowledge, P. graminis-tritici sp. nov. is still restricted to Brazil, but obviously represents a serious threat to wheat cultivation globally.
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Generic names in Magnaporthales
IMA Fungus, 2016Co-Authors: Ning Zhang, Izumi Chuma, Takayuki Aoki, Pedro W. Crous, Jing Luo, Amy Y. Rossman, Ralph Dean, Ronald P. De Vries, Nicole Donofrio, Kevin D. HydeAbstract:The order Magnaporthales comprises about 200 species and includes the economically and scientifically important rice blast fungus and the take-all pathogen of cereals, as well as saprotrophs and endophytes. Recent advances in phylogenetic analyses of these fungi resulted in taxonomic revisions. In this paper we list the 28 currently accepted genera in Magnaporthales with their type species and available gene and genome resources. The polyphyletic Magnaporthe 1972 is proposed for suppression, and Pyricularia 1880 and Nakataea 1939 are recommended for protection as the generic names for the rice blast fungus and the rice stem rot fungus, respectively. The rationale for the recommended names is also provided. These recommendations are made by the Pyricularia/Magnaporthe Working Group established under the auspices of the International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi (ICTF).
Zuraidah Zuraidah - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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UJI ANTAGONIS BAKTERI TERHADAP CENDAWAN PATOGEN PENYAKIT BLAS
'Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry', 2020Co-Authors: Zuraidah Zuraidah, Nida Qatrun, Wahyuni SriAbstract:Damage to leaves, panicles, and stems of rice plants caused by fungal pathogens, Pyricularia grisea, which causes Blas. Control of this disease by the use of biological agents in the form of bacteria which is Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and consortium. This research aims to determine the ability of these bacterial isolates to inhibit the growth of Pyricularia grisea. This research was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The working procedures in this research were sampling of pathogenic fungi, making Pyricularia grisea liquid inoculum, and testing bacterial antagonists for pathogenic fungi in vitro. Analysis of variance (ANAVA) was used, with Fcount = 802.66 and Ftable = 3.48 with a significant level of α = 0.05 (5%) proved that the isolates of the bacteria Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa could play an antagonistic role towards the fungus Pyricularia grisea. The results of this research indicate that bacterial isolates were able to inhibit the growth of Pyricularia grisea by the formation of the largest average clear zone in the treatment of Bacillus cereus bacteria which was 9.57 mm. The clear zone in the fungicide is 9.53 mm, the consortium is 9.37 mm, and the Pseudomonas aeruginosa is 8.2 mm
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UJI DAYA HAMBAT BEBERAPA EKSTRAK BAHAN ALAMI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN CENDAWAN Pyricularia grisea (INHIBITORY POTENTIAL EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PLANT EXTRACTS ON THE GROWTH OF Pyricularia grisea FUNGUS)
2019Co-Authors: Zuraidah Zuraidah, Sri WahyuniAbstract:Cendawan Pyricularia grisea merupakan cendawan patogen pada tanaman padi yang menyebabkan penyakit Blas menyerang daun, batang, dan malai padi. Salah satu cara untuk mengurangi penggunaan bahan kimia dalam membasmi penyakit Blas pada tanaman padi adalah dengan penggunaan ekstrak bahan alami dari beberapa tumbuhan untuk menghambat pertumbuhan cendawan Pyricularia grisea . Ekstrak bahan alami yang digunakan adalah: daun salam, daun ketapang, dan daun jeruk purut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan ekstrak daun salam, jeruk purut, dan ketapang dalam menghambat cendawan patogen Pyricularia grisea . Penelitian ini disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan tiga ulangan dan 4 perlakuan. Prosedur kerja dimulai dari penyiapan ekstrak daun, peremajaan cendawan patogen, pembuatan media pertumbuhan, penanaman isolat pada media PDA. Parameter dalam penelitian ini adalah mengukur luas zona hambat pertumbuhan cendawan Pyricularia grisea. Tekhnik analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis ragam pada taraf kepercayaan 95% (ANOVA), jika menunjukkan pengaruh nyata maka selanjutnya dilakukan uji perbandingan nilai tengah dengan menggunakan Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) pada taraf 5% (α=0.05) dengan menggunakan SPSS 16.0. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ketiga ekstrak daun dengan kosentrasi tertinggi mampu menghambat pertumbuhan cendawan patogen Pyricularia grisea . Ekstrak daun salam 100% menunjukkan zona hambat sebesar 1,77 mm, ekstrak daun ketapang 100% dengan zona hambat yang terbentuk 2,33 mm, dan ekstrak daun jeruk purut 100% sebesar 1,52 mm zona hambat yang terbentuk. ekstrak yang paling besar diameter zona beningnya terdapat pada ekstrak daun ketapang. Sedangkan perlakuan dengan mankozeb tidak menghambat pertumbuhan cendawan patogen tersebut.
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Uji Daya Hambat Beberapa Ekstrak Bahan Alami Terhadap Pertumbuhan Cendawan Pyricularia grisea
'Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry', 2019Co-Authors: Zuraidah Zuraidah, Wahyuni SriAbstract:Pyricularia grisea is a pathogenic fungus which causing rice blast disease that affected leaf, stems and rice panicles of rice plant. A possible option to reduce the use of synthetic chemical fungicide in managing the blast disease is by using plant natural active ingredients to inhibit the mycelial growth of Pyricularia grisea. This research evaluated the potential uses of bay leaf, tropical almond leaf, and kaffir lime leaf extract in inhibiting pathogenic fungus Pyricularia grisea. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 replications and 4 treatments were used in this research. Work procedures included leaf extracts preparation, pathogenic fungi rejuvenation, growth media preparation and isolates plantation on PDA media. The parameter in this study was the diameter of the Pyricularia grisea inhibition zone. Data was analysed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 95% confidence interval with Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% level (α = 0.05) as post hoc test if significant differences between treatments were detected using SPSS 16.0. The results of this study indicated that the highest concentration (100%) of each plant leaf extract was able to inhibit the mycelial growth of the pathogenic fungus Pyricularia grisea. The zone of inhibition of bay leaf extract was 1.77 mm, tropical almond leaf extract was 2.33 mm and lime leaf extract was 1.52 mm. The largest diameter of the inhibition zone was found on media with tropical almond leaf extract
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DAYA HAMBAT BAKTERI TERHADAP CENDAWAN PATOGEN Pyricularia grisea PENYEBAB PENYAKIT BLAS PADA TANAMAN PADI VARIETAS CIHERANG
2018Co-Authors: Marjulia Ukhra, Zuraidah Zuraidah, Dewi AndayaniAbstract:Penelitian daya hambat bakteri terhadap penyakit Blast yang disebabkan oleh cendawan patogen Pyricularia grisea pada tanaman padi varietas Ciherang telah dilakukan di lahan milik BPTP Aceh. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan bakteri Bacillus cereus dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa serta konsorsium dalam menghambat pertumbuhan cendawan patogen Pyricularia grisea penyebab penyakit blas pada tanaman padi varietas Ciherang. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri atas 5 perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis ragam pada taraf kepercayaan 95 % (ANAVA) dan dilanjutkan dengan menggunakan Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) pada taraf 5 % (I± = 0,05) dengan menuggunakan SPSS 16.0. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa adanya penghambatan miselia Pyricularia grisea yang terbentuk pada perlakuan dengan isolat bakteri biokontrol. Isolat bakteri endofit yang juga mampu menghambat pertumbuhan cendawan patogen Pyricularia grisea adalah, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, konsorsium, dan Bacillus cereus.
Yukio Tosa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Genetic analysis of the resistance of barley to cryptic species of Pyricularia
Journal of General Plant Pathology, 2016Co-Authors: Analiza Grubanzo Tagle, Izumi Chuma, Hiroshi Hisano, Kazuhiro Sato, Yukio TosaAbstract:The resistance of barley to Pyricularia oryzae isolates is controlled by the Rmo2 locus irrespective of their original hosts. The resistance of barley cultivar H.E.S.4 to isolate tO-7 of P. pennisetigena (a cryptic species in the P. oryzae/grisea species complex) cosegregated with the resistance to P. oryzae isolate GFSI-1-7-2 controlled by Rmo2.a. On the other hand, its resistance to isolate NI919, belonging to another cryptic species of Pyricularia , was controlled by another gene inherited independently from Rmo2.a . These results suggest that gene-for-gene interactions underlie the resistance of barley to cryptic species of Pyricularia.
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Various species of Pyricularia constitute a robust clade distinct from Magnaporthe salvinii and its relatives in Magnaporthaceae
Journal of General Plant Pathology, 2014Co-Authors: Nobuaki Murata, Motoaki Kusaba, Yukio Tosa, Takayuki Aoki, Izumi ChumaAbstract:In a phylogenetic analysis of species of Magnaporthaceae based on nucleotide sequences of rDNA-ITS and the RPB1 gene, isolates of the tested species were divided into two clusters with high bootstrap support. One group was composed of Pyricularia spp.; the other was composed of Magnaporthe salvinii , M. rhizophila , M. poae , Gaeumannomyces graminis , and G. incrustans . On the basis of this result, we concluded that Pyricularia spp. constitute a large but distinct phylogenetic species group that is not congeneric with Magnaporthe salvinii , the type species of Magnaporthe .
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Various species of Pyricularia constitute a robust clade distinct from Magnaporthe salvinii and its relatives in Magnaporthaceae
Journal of General Plant Pathology, 2013Co-Authors: Nobuaki Murata, Motoaki Kusaba, Yukio Tosa, Takayuki Aoki, Izumi ChumaAbstract:In a phylogenetic analysis of species of Magnaporthaceae based on nucleotide sequences of rDNA-ITS and the RPB1 gene, isolates of the tested species were divided into two clusters with high bootstrap support. One group was composed of Pyricularia spp.; the other was composed of Magnaporthe salvinii, M. rhizophila, M. poae, Gaeumannomyces graminis, and G. incrustans. On the basis of this result, we concluded that Pyricularia spp. constitute a large but distinct phylogenetic species group that is not congeneric with Magnaporthe salvinii, the type species of Magnaporthe.
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Taxonomic characterization of Pyricularia isolates from green foxtail and giant foxtail, wild foxtails in Japan
Journal of General Plant Pathology, 2008Co-Authors: Akiko Yamagashira, Yukio Tosa, Chihiro Iwai, Masakazu Misaka, Kenji Hirata, Yoshikatsu Fujita, Motoaki KusabaAbstract:Twenty-eight Pyricularia isolates from two wild foxtails—green foxtail ( Setaria viridis ) and giant foxtail ( S. faberii )—in Japan were taxonomically characterized by DNA analyses, mating tests, and pathogenicity assays. Although most of the isolates failed to produce perithecia in mating tests with Magnaporthe oryzae , a diagnostic polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism phenotype of M. oryzae was detected in the beta-tubulin genomic region in all isolates. The pathogenicity assays revealed that host ranges of the isolates were similar to those of isolates from foxtail millet ( S. italica ), which were exclusively pathogenic on foxtail millet. In addition to the 28 isolates from wild foxtails, 22 Pyricularia isolates from 11 other grasses were analyzed by RFLP using single-copy sequences as probes. In a dendrogram constructed from the RFLP data, isolates that were previously identified as M. oryzae formed a single cluster. All the wild foxtail isolates formed a subcluster with foxtail millet isolates within the M. oryzae cluster. From these results, we conclude that Pyricularia isolates from the wild foxtails are closely related to isolates from foxtail millet and should be classified into the Setaria pathotype of M. oryzae .
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Speciation in Pyricularia inferred from multilocus phylogenetic analysis.
Mycological research, 2007Co-Authors: Kenji Hirata, Motoaki Kusaba, Izumi Chuma, Hitoshi Nakayashiki, Jun Osue, Shigeyuki Mayama, Yukio TosaAbstract:Pyricularia isolates from various host plants were subjected to a multilocus phylogenetic analysis based on rDNA-ITS, actin, beta-tubulin, and calmodulin loci. A combined gene tree resolved seven groups with 100% BS support, suggesting that they are monophyletic groups supported concordantly by all four loci. By incorporating biological and morphological species criteria, each of the seven groups was considered to be a current species. However, phylogenetic relationships among these species were unresolved in the single-gene trees and in the combined tree. Furthermore, the transition from concordance to conflict occurred more than once in the combined gene tree. They were interpreted by assuming that Pyricularia has evolved through repeated species radiation. The transition point other than the current species limit was considered to be the limit of the former species.
