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Joachim Stöckigt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Natural products and enzymes from plant cell cultures
Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture, 1995Co-Authors: Joachim Stöckigt, P. Obitz, H. Falkenhagen, R. Lutterbach, S. EndreßAbstract:Plants represent an unlimited source of natural products. Many of the recently detected phytochemicals exhibit remarkable bioactivities, ranging from anticancer activity, phosphodiesterase inhibition to cytotoxicity against HIV-infected cells. Cultivated plant cells produce at their unorganized, dedifferentiated stage secondary metabolites, but in very different amounts in so far as new compounds are concerned. In fact, more than 140 novel natural products are presently known from plant cell cultures, which also include new metabolites formed by biotransformation. The biotransformation capacity of suspended cells is described and recent high yielding transformations, like the formation of arbutin by hydroquinone-transformation with Rauwolfia cells are discussed. As an example of alkaloid production by cell suspensions, the pattern of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids of the Indian medicinal plant Rauwolfia serpentina Benth. is described and the so far 30 identified compounds are divided into eight groups which are biosynthetically closely related. Some of the key biosynthetic reactions leading to the Rauwolfia alkaloids are discussed and an overview of the enzymes involved in the formation of the alkaloid ajmaline and proteins catalyzing side reactions of the ajmaline pathway are given.
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alkaloid formation in hairy roots and cell suspensions of Rauwolfia serpentina benth
Natural Product Letters, 1993Co-Authors: H. Falkenhagen, I N Kuzovkina, Irina E Alterman, Lubov A Nikolaeva, Joachim StöckigtAbstract:Abstract Growth and alkaloid formation of hairy roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and Rauwolfia vomitoria were compared with that of well established cell suspension cultures of Rauwolfia serpentina and differentiated plants. Cell suspensions revealed clearly better growth - twice of the dry weight observed for the root culture. The hairy roots do not produce the major indole alkaloids typical for the root bark of Rauwolfia plants and synthesize besides vinorine and perakine two of the alkaloids formed in cell suspensions (vomilenine and ajmaline). The total yield of alkaloids of the cell culture is about 3.6-fold higher as compared with the root culture.
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investigation of the alkaloid content of Rauwolfia serpentina roots from regenerated plants
Planta Medica, 1991Co-Authors: Carl Michael Ruyter, Mahmood Akram, Ihsan Illahi, Joachim StöckigtAbstract:The indole alkaloid content of Rauwolfia SERPENTINA roots from regenerated plants (from stem-and root-callus) was compared with the parental stock. Although the total alkaloid content seems to be slightly higher in the roots from regenerated plants, HPLC-analysis of individual alkaloids indicated that the contents of the alkaloids ajmaline ( 1), serpentine ( 2), and reserpine ( 3) are lower than in the roots of the parental stock. The glucoalkaloid raucaffricine ( 4) was identified as a constituent of all samples, thus providing the first evidence for its occurrence in roots of Rauwolfia SERPENTINA.
Moses B Ekong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of crude ethanolic leaf extract of Rauwolfia vomitoria on the fetal lungs of wistar rats
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences D. Histology & Histochemistry, 2014Co-Authors: Mokutima A Eluwa, Theresa B Ekanem, Moses B Ekong, Amabe O Akpantah, Kenneth Osim, Ene E Effa, Agnes O NwakanmaAbstract:Article History Rauwolfia vomitoria is a plant used in the treatment of hypertension, schizophrenia, and insomnia among others. This study investigated the effects of Rauwolfia vomitoria on the histology of the fetal lungs. Fifteen female Wistar rats weighing 180-200 g were divided into three groups (A, B, and C), consisting of five rats each. The animals mated overnight at estrous and the morning after coitus was designated day zero of pregnancy. Oral doses of 150 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg of ethanolic leaf extract of Rauwolfia vomitoria were administered to pregnant rats in groups B and C, respectively on day 7-11 of gestation, while group A served as the control group and were given distilled water. On day 20 of gestation, the rats were sacrificed and their fetuses examined and weighed. Fetal body weight, crown-rump and tail lengths were measured. Result showed significant (P < 0.05) higher anthropometric parameters, and the histological observations of the fetal lungs showed marked distortion of the normal lung cytoarchitecture in the treated groups compared to the control. These results suggest that doses of 150 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg body weight of the leaf extract of Rauwolfia vomitoria may cause intrauterine growth acceleration and may be pneumotoxic to the developing rat's lungs with the effect being dose dependent
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teratogenic effects of crude ethanolic root bark and leaf extracts of Rauwolfia vomitoria apocynaceae on the femur of albino wistar rat fetuses
Journal of Histology, 2013Co-Authors: Mokutima A Eluwa, Theresa B Ekanem, P B Udoh, Moses B Ekong, Amabe O Akpantah, O R Asuquo, Agnes O NwakanmaAbstract:Introduction. Rauwolfia vomitoria is a plant used as a sedative and in the treatment of psychotic tendency. This study was on the teratogenic effects of its root bark and leaf extracts on Wistar rat’s fetal femurs. Materials and Methods. Twenty-five female rats weighing between 180 and 200 g were divided into 5 groups, of 5 rats each. Group A was the control, while Groups B, C, D, and E were the experimental. The female rats were mated with mature male rats to allow for pregnancy. Groups B and C animals received orally 150 mg/kg each of the root bark and leaf extracts of Rauwolfia vomitoria, respectively, while Groups D and E animals received 250 mg/kg bodyweight each of the root bark and leaf extracts of Rauwolfia vomitoria, respectively, from day 7 to day 11 of gestation. On day 20 of gestation, the rats were sacrificed, the fetuses were examined, and their femurs were dissected out and preserved, decalcified, and routinely processed using the Haematoxylin and Eosin staining method. Results. Histological observations of the fetal femur bones showed numerous osteoblast and osteoclast, hypertrophy, and hyperplasia of bone cells compared with the control. Conclusion. Ethanolic root bark and leaf extracts of Rauwolfia vomitoria may lead to advanced skeletal development.
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comparative study of teratogenic potentials of crude ethanolic root bark and leaf extract of Rauwolfia vomitoria apocynaceae on the fetal heart
North American Journal of Medical Sciences, 2010Co-Authors: Mokutima A Eluwa, Theresa B Ekanem, Amabe O Akpantah, O R Asuquo, Matilda T Udoaffah, Moses B G Vulley, Moses B EkongAbstract:Background : Rauwolfia vomitoria , a tropical shrub, is a medicinal plant used in the treatment of a variety of ailments. It is popular to the locals because of its anti-hypertensive and sedative properties. Aim : This is to find the probable teratogenic effects of ethanolic leaf and root bark extracts of Rauwolfia vomitoria on the morphological and histological features of the fetal heart. Material and Methods: Twenty five female rats weighing between 170-200g were used for this study. The rats were divided into five groups labeled A, B, C, D and E, with each group consisting of five rats. Pregnancy was induced by caging the female rats with sexually matured males. The presence of vaginal plug and tail structures in the vaginal smear the following morning confirmed coition, and it was regarded as day 0 of pregnancy. Group A was given sham treatment of distilled water. Group B and C received respectively 150mg/kg and 250mg/kg body weight doses of ethanolic leaf extract of Rauwolfia vomitoria, and those in groups D and E received respectively 150mg/kg and 250mg/kg body weight doses of ethanolic root bark extract of Rauwolfia vomitoria. These treatments were on days 7-11 of gestation (5 days) with the aid of an orogastric tube. On the day 20 of gestation, the rats were sacrificed and the fetuses examined for gross anomalies, preserved and latter process for histological studies. Results : There were no mortality in this study, and no obvious gross malformations in the fetuses. Histological observations of the fetal heart showed marked distortion of the cardiac muscle nuclei and myocardial fibers in the treated groups particularly those whose mothers received 250mg/kg of the extracts. These effects were more pronounced in the groups whose mothers received the root extract when compared with the control and the groups whose mothers received the leaf extract. Conclusion : This result suggests that high doses of ethanolic leaf and root extracts of Rauwolfia vomitoria may be cardiotoxic to the developing rat's heart.
V. A. Kunakh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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variability of ribosomal rna genes in Rauwolfia species parallelism between tissue culture induced rearrangements and interspecies polymorphism
Cell Biology International, 2005Co-Authors: I O Andreev, K V Spiridonova, V T Solovyan, V. A. KunakhAbstract:An analysis of 18S–25S and 5S rRNA genes in intact plants and cultured tissues of some Rauwolfia species was performed to compare these sequences variability occurred as a result of the species evolution in nature and that induced by tissue culture. The restriction fragment length polymorphism of 18S–25S and 5S rDNA was found both in intact plants of various Rauwolfia species and in long-term Rauwolfia serpentina tissue cultures. In addition, changes in the amount of 18S–25S rRNA genes were observed in long-term R. serpentina tissue cultures. The results demonstrate that rDNA variability observed in intact plants as well as in long-term cultures is attributed to differences in the same regions of ribosomal RNA genes.
Mokutima A Eluwa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of crude ethanolic leaf extract of Rauwolfia vomitoria on the fetal lungs of wistar rats
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences D. Histology & Histochemistry, 2014Co-Authors: Mokutima A Eluwa, Theresa B Ekanem, Moses B Ekong, Amabe O Akpantah, Kenneth Osim, Ene E Effa, Agnes O NwakanmaAbstract:Article History Rauwolfia vomitoria is a plant used in the treatment of hypertension, schizophrenia, and insomnia among others. This study investigated the effects of Rauwolfia vomitoria on the histology of the fetal lungs. Fifteen female Wistar rats weighing 180-200 g were divided into three groups (A, B, and C), consisting of five rats each. The animals mated overnight at estrous and the morning after coitus was designated day zero of pregnancy. Oral doses of 150 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg of ethanolic leaf extract of Rauwolfia vomitoria were administered to pregnant rats in groups B and C, respectively on day 7-11 of gestation, while group A served as the control group and were given distilled water. On day 20 of gestation, the rats were sacrificed and their fetuses examined and weighed. Fetal body weight, crown-rump and tail lengths were measured. Result showed significant (P < 0.05) higher anthropometric parameters, and the histological observations of the fetal lungs showed marked distortion of the normal lung cytoarchitecture in the treated groups compared to the control. These results suggest that doses of 150 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg body weight of the leaf extract of Rauwolfia vomitoria may cause intrauterine growth acceleration and may be pneumotoxic to the developing rat's lungs with the effect being dose dependent
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teratogenic effects of crude ethanolic root bark and leaf extracts of Rauwolfia vomitoria apocynaceae on the femur of albino wistar rat fetuses
Journal of Histology, 2013Co-Authors: Mokutima A Eluwa, Theresa B Ekanem, P B Udoh, Moses B Ekong, Amabe O Akpantah, O R Asuquo, Agnes O NwakanmaAbstract:Introduction. Rauwolfia vomitoria is a plant used as a sedative and in the treatment of psychotic tendency. This study was on the teratogenic effects of its root bark and leaf extracts on Wistar rat’s fetal femurs. Materials and Methods. Twenty-five female rats weighing between 180 and 200 g were divided into 5 groups, of 5 rats each. Group A was the control, while Groups B, C, D, and E were the experimental. The female rats were mated with mature male rats to allow for pregnancy. Groups B and C animals received orally 150 mg/kg each of the root bark and leaf extracts of Rauwolfia vomitoria, respectively, while Groups D and E animals received 250 mg/kg bodyweight each of the root bark and leaf extracts of Rauwolfia vomitoria, respectively, from day 7 to day 11 of gestation. On day 20 of gestation, the rats were sacrificed, the fetuses were examined, and their femurs were dissected out and preserved, decalcified, and routinely processed using the Haematoxylin and Eosin staining method. Results. Histological observations of the fetal femur bones showed numerous osteoblast and osteoclast, hypertrophy, and hyperplasia of bone cells compared with the control. Conclusion. Ethanolic root bark and leaf extracts of Rauwolfia vomitoria may lead to advanced skeletal development.
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comparative study of teratogenic potentials of crude ethanolic root bark and leaf extract of Rauwolfia vomitoria apocynaceae on the fetal heart
North American Journal of Medical Sciences, 2010Co-Authors: Mokutima A Eluwa, Theresa B Ekanem, Amabe O Akpantah, O R Asuquo, Matilda T Udoaffah, Moses B G Vulley, Moses B EkongAbstract:Background : Rauwolfia vomitoria , a tropical shrub, is a medicinal plant used in the treatment of a variety of ailments. It is popular to the locals because of its anti-hypertensive and sedative properties. Aim : This is to find the probable teratogenic effects of ethanolic leaf and root bark extracts of Rauwolfia vomitoria on the morphological and histological features of the fetal heart. Material and Methods: Twenty five female rats weighing between 170-200g were used for this study. The rats were divided into five groups labeled A, B, C, D and E, with each group consisting of five rats. Pregnancy was induced by caging the female rats with sexually matured males. The presence of vaginal plug and tail structures in the vaginal smear the following morning confirmed coition, and it was regarded as day 0 of pregnancy. Group A was given sham treatment of distilled water. Group B and C received respectively 150mg/kg and 250mg/kg body weight doses of ethanolic leaf extract of Rauwolfia vomitoria, and those in groups D and E received respectively 150mg/kg and 250mg/kg body weight doses of ethanolic root bark extract of Rauwolfia vomitoria. These treatments were on days 7-11 of gestation (5 days) with the aid of an orogastric tube. On the day 20 of gestation, the rats were sacrificed and the fetuses examined for gross anomalies, preserved and latter process for histological studies. Results : There were no mortality in this study, and no obvious gross malformations in the fetuses. Histological observations of the fetal heart showed marked distortion of the cardiac muscle nuclei and myocardial fibers in the treated groups particularly those whose mothers received 250mg/kg of the extracts. These effects were more pronounced in the groups whose mothers received the root extract when compared with the control and the groups whose mothers received the leaf extract. Conclusion : This result suggests that high doses of ethanolic leaf and root extracts of Rauwolfia vomitoria may be cardiotoxic to the developing rat's heart.
Theresa B Ekanem - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of crude ethanolic leaf extract of Rauwolfia vomitoria on the fetal lungs of wistar rats
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences D. Histology & Histochemistry, 2014Co-Authors: Mokutima A Eluwa, Theresa B Ekanem, Moses B Ekong, Amabe O Akpantah, Kenneth Osim, Ene E Effa, Agnes O NwakanmaAbstract:Article History Rauwolfia vomitoria is a plant used in the treatment of hypertension, schizophrenia, and insomnia among others. This study investigated the effects of Rauwolfia vomitoria on the histology of the fetal lungs. Fifteen female Wistar rats weighing 180-200 g were divided into three groups (A, B, and C), consisting of five rats each. The animals mated overnight at estrous and the morning after coitus was designated day zero of pregnancy. Oral doses of 150 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg of ethanolic leaf extract of Rauwolfia vomitoria were administered to pregnant rats in groups B and C, respectively on day 7-11 of gestation, while group A served as the control group and were given distilled water. On day 20 of gestation, the rats were sacrificed and their fetuses examined and weighed. Fetal body weight, crown-rump and tail lengths were measured. Result showed significant (P < 0.05) higher anthropometric parameters, and the histological observations of the fetal lungs showed marked distortion of the normal lung cytoarchitecture in the treated groups compared to the control. These results suggest that doses of 150 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg body weight of the leaf extract of Rauwolfia vomitoria may cause intrauterine growth acceleration and may be pneumotoxic to the developing rat's lungs with the effect being dose dependent
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teratogenic effects of crude ethanolic root bark and leaf extracts of Rauwolfia vomitoria apocynaceae on the femur of albino wistar rat fetuses
Journal of Histology, 2013Co-Authors: Mokutima A Eluwa, Theresa B Ekanem, P B Udoh, Moses B Ekong, Amabe O Akpantah, O R Asuquo, Agnes O NwakanmaAbstract:Introduction. Rauwolfia vomitoria is a plant used as a sedative and in the treatment of psychotic tendency. This study was on the teratogenic effects of its root bark and leaf extracts on Wistar rat’s fetal femurs. Materials and Methods. Twenty-five female rats weighing between 180 and 200 g were divided into 5 groups, of 5 rats each. Group A was the control, while Groups B, C, D, and E were the experimental. The female rats were mated with mature male rats to allow for pregnancy. Groups B and C animals received orally 150 mg/kg each of the root bark and leaf extracts of Rauwolfia vomitoria, respectively, while Groups D and E animals received 250 mg/kg bodyweight each of the root bark and leaf extracts of Rauwolfia vomitoria, respectively, from day 7 to day 11 of gestation. On day 20 of gestation, the rats were sacrificed, the fetuses were examined, and their femurs were dissected out and preserved, decalcified, and routinely processed using the Haematoxylin and Eosin staining method. Results. Histological observations of the fetal femur bones showed numerous osteoblast and osteoclast, hypertrophy, and hyperplasia of bone cells compared with the control. Conclusion. Ethanolic root bark and leaf extracts of Rauwolfia vomitoria may lead to advanced skeletal development.
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comparative study of teratogenic potentials of crude ethanolic root bark and leaf extract of Rauwolfia vomitoria apocynaceae on the fetal heart
North American Journal of Medical Sciences, 2010Co-Authors: Mokutima A Eluwa, Theresa B Ekanem, Amabe O Akpantah, O R Asuquo, Matilda T Udoaffah, Moses B G Vulley, Moses B EkongAbstract:Background : Rauwolfia vomitoria , a tropical shrub, is a medicinal plant used in the treatment of a variety of ailments. It is popular to the locals because of its anti-hypertensive and sedative properties. Aim : This is to find the probable teratogenic effects of ethanolic leaf and root bark extracts of Rauwolfia vomitoria on the morphological and histological features of the fetal heart. Material and Methods: Twenty five female rats weighing between 170-200g were used for this study. The rats were divided into five groups labeled A, B, C, D and E, with each group consisting of five rats. Pregnancy was induced by caging the female rats with sexually matured males. The presence of vaginal plug and tail structures in the vaginal smear the following morning confirmed coition, and it was regarded as day 0 of pregnancy. Group A was given sham treatment of distilled water. Group B and C received respectively 150mg/kg and 250mg/kg body weight doses of ethanolic leaf extract of Rauwolfia vomitoria, and those in groups D and E received respectively 150mg/kg and 250mg/kg body weight doses of ethanolic root bark extract of Rauwolfia vomitoria. These treatments were on days 7-11 of gestation (5 days) with the aid of an orogastric tube. On the day 20 of gestation, the rats were sacrificed and the fetuses examined for gross anomalies, preserved and latter process for histological studies. Results : There were no mortality in this study, and no obvious gross malformations in the fetuses. Histological observations of the fetal heart showed marked distortion of the cardiac muscle nuclei and myocardial fibers in the treated groups particularly those whose mothers received 250mg/kg of the extracts. These effects were more pronounced in the groups whose mothers received the root extract when compared with the control and the groups whose mothers received the leaf extract. Conclusion : This result suggests that high doses of ethanolic leaf and root extracts of Rauwolfia vomitoria may be cardiotoxic to the developing rat's heart.
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the effect of interaction of Rauwolfia vomitoria root bark extract with vitamin e on rats liver enzymes
Turkish Journal of Biology, 2009Co-Authors: M I Akpanabiatu, F E Uboh, Theresa B Ekanem, Imeh Ben Umoh, E U Eyong, Sylvanus O UkafiaAbstract:In our previous paper we demonstrated the influence of Rauwolfia vomitoria root bark extract on cardiac enzymes of normal Wistar rats and the effectiveness of this root bark as a source of antihypertensive agent, as determined by the marker enzymes, would be a useful index for the toxicity of this plant in clinical application. In this paper we present the results of the effect of Rauwolfia vomitoria root bark extract and its interaction with vitamin E on the liver function enzymes, such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), gamma glutamyl transferase (γ-GT), and the histological architectures of the liver tissues of normal animals. The results showed significant (P ≤ 0.01) increase in the activity of AST by the extract. The findings also showed that interaction reduced the activity of enzymes to about normal or less than normal as in the case of γ-GT, ALT, and ALP, indicating the ameliorating effects of vitamin E on the toxicity of Rauwolfia vomitoria root bark extract. Histological results also confirmed the ameliorating effect of vitamin E on possible toxicity of this herb. As vitamin E and Rauwolfia vomitoria root bark extract already have known advantages in the management of cardiovascular disease, concomitant administration of Rauwolfia vomitoria root bark extract with vitamin E may be a better option.
