The Experts below are selected from a list of 414 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

J Angst - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Treated versus non-treated subjects with Depression from a 30-year cohort study: prevalence and clinical covariates
    European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 2016
    Co-Authors: Michael P. Hengartner, Vladeta Ajdacic-gross, Wulf Rössler, Felix Angst, J Angst
    Abstract:

    The aim of this study was to determine prevalence rates of several components of Depression (unipolar and bipolar major, minor, Recurrent Brief Depression, and dysthymia) and to identify covariates of treatment. We analysed a representative population-based, long-term prospective cohort study from age 20 to 50. Across the seven semi-structured interviews, generalized estimating equations examined the associations between diagnoses and treatment status during the course. The results show that the mean annual treatment rate across 30 years in persons with MDE was 39.2 %. The weighted treatment prevalence for any depressive disorder was 23.4 % (15.7 % for MDE, 4.3 % for minor depressive disorders and 3.4 % for non-diagnosed subjects). Persons were more likely to seek treatment as they grew older. Women with MDE had triple the treatment prevalence of men (23.8 vs. 7.4 %). Variables of distress/suffering under Depression (OR 1.36–1.52) and the number of diagnostic depressive symptoms (OR 1.47) were statistically significant predictors of treatment, as were episode duration (OR 2.21) and various variables assessing impairment due to Depression (OR 4.65–8.02). In conclusion, only a minority of persons with depressive disorders seek professional treatment in the year of disorder onset. Women and subjects suffering from high levels of depressive symptoms, frequent episodes, long episode duration and consecutive high distress and impairment were more likely to seek treatment.

  • association of chronic hepatitis c with Recurrent Brief Depression
    Journal of Affective Disorders, 2012
    Co-Authors: Mauro Giovanni Carta, J Angst, Maria Francesca Moro, Gioia Mura, Maria Carolina Hardoy, C Balestrieri, Luchino Chessa, G Serra, Patrizia Farci
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background Depressive syndromes, including Recurrent Brief Depression (RBD), have frequently been observed in association with chronic diseases characterized by immune activation, such as autoimmune thyroiditis or celiac disease. However, the association of RBD with chronic hepatitis C (CHC), a disease with an increased incidence of major depressive disorders, is unknown. Methods Cases: 135 (83 males, 52 females) consecutive treatment-naive patients with CHC. Exclusion criteria: previous treatment with IFN-alpha, co-infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus, infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), drug or alcohol abuse, or malignancy. Controls: 540 (332 males, 208 females) subjects without evidence of hepatitis, randomly extracted from the database of a previous epidemiological study. The psychiatric diagnosis was based on the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Simplified (CIDI-S), containing a specific section on RBD. Results A significantly higher rate of RBD was observed among both male and female patients with CHC (n = 21, 15.5%) as compared to controls (n = 34, 6.3%) (OR = 2.6, CI 95% from 1.37 to 4.93). Conclusion The present study provides the first evidence of an association between CHC and RBD, independent of treatment with IFN-alpha and not influenced by substance or alcohol abuse. The results are similar to those found in other conditions with immune activation. RBD may be another expression of mood disorders in such conditions.

  • Association of chronic hepatitis C with Recurrent Brief Depression.
    Journal of affective disorders, 2012
    Co-Authors: Mauro Giovanni Carta, J Angst, Maria Francesca Moro, Gioia Mura, Maria Carolina Hardoy, C Balestrieri, Luchino Chessa, G Serra, Maria Eliana Lai, Patrizia Farci
    Abstract:

    Depressive syndromes, including Recurrent Brief Depression (RBD), have frequently been observed in association with chronic diseases characterized by immune activation, such as autoimmune thyroiditis or celiac disease. However, the association of RBD with chronic hepatitis C (CHC), a disease with an increased incidence of major depressive disorders, is unknown. 135 (83 males, 52 females) consecutive treatment-naïve patients with CHC. previous treatment with IFN-alpha, co-infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus, infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), drug or alcohol abuse, or malignancy. 540 (332 males, 208 females) subjects without evidence of hepatitis, randomly extracted from the database of a previous epidemiological study. The psychiatric diagnosis was based on the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Simplified (CIDI-S), containing a specific section on RBD. A significantly higher rate of RBD was observed among both male and female patients with CHC (n=21, 15.5%) as compared to controls (n=34, 6.3%) (OR=2.6, CI 95% from 1.37 to 4.93). The present study provides the first evidence of an association between CHC and RBD, independent of treatment with IFN-alpha and not influenced by substance or alcohol abuse. The results are similar to those found in other conditions with immune activation. RBD may be another expression of mood disorders in such conditions. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  • World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) Guidelines for Biological Treatment of Unipolar Depressive Disorders, Part 2: Maintenance treatment of major depressive disorder and treatment of chronic depressive disorders and subthres
    Archives of Clinical Psychiatry (São Paulo), 2009
    Co-Authors: Michael Bauer, J Angst, Peter C. Whybrow, Marcio Versiani, Hans-jürgen Möller
    Abstract:

    These practice guidelines for the biological treatment of unipolar depressive disorders were developed by an international Task Force of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP). The goal for developing these guidelines was to systematically review all available evidence pertaining to the treatment of the complete spectrum of unipolar depressive disorders, and to produce a series of practice recommendations that are clinically and scientifically meaningful based on the available evidence. These guidelines are intended for use by all physicians seeing and treating patients with these conditions. The data used for developing these guidelines have been extracted primarily from various national treatment guidelines and panels for depressive disorders, as well as from meta-analyses and reviews on the efficacy of antidepressant medications and other biological treatment interventions identified by a search of the MEDLINE database and Cochrane Library. The identified literature was evaluated with respect to the strength of evidence for its efficacy and was then categorized into four levels of evidence (A-D). The first part of these WFSBP guidelines on unipolar depressive disorders covered the acute and continuation treatment of major depressive disorder (Bauer et al., 2002). This second part of the guidelines covers the management of the maintenance-phase treatment of major depressive disorder, as well as the treatment of chronic and subthreshold depressive disorders (dysthymic disorder, double Depression, minor depressive disorder and Recurrent Brief Depression). These guidelines are primarily concerned with thebiological treatment (including antidepressants, lithium, other psychopharmacological and hormonal medications, and electroconvulsive therapy) of young adults and also, albeit to a lesser extent, children, adolescents and older adults.

  • Is Depression a risk factor for heart complaints?
    European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 2007
    Co-Authors: Dominique Eich, J Angst, Alex Gamma, Wulf Rössler, Vladeta Ajdacic-gross, Christoph Neuhaus, Milos Opravil
    Abstract:

    Background The objective of this longitudinal study was to assess the association between major Depression and heart complaints in a population of young and healthy adults. Methods Starting at the age 20/21, participants of the Zurich Study underwent 6 structured, psychological interviews during a span of 20 years. We evaluated longitudinal data from 277 persons who participated in all 6 interviews including questions about heart complaints. Results Over 20 years, heart complaints were reported by two thirds of participants, and the frequency of Depression was 11.4%. At the age of 40/41, heart complaints were significantly associated with earlier heart complaints and major Depression, both more often in women. Recurrent Brief Depression showed a tendency, but neither minor Depression nor depressive symptoms were predictive for later heart complaints. Conclusions This study suggests that major Depression is a predictor for heart complaints at the age of 40 and that the severity of depressive disorder in younger age has an effect on subsequent heart complaints. Follow-up data will help to elucidate whether these subjective heart complaints show any correlation with a later coronary heart disease.

Siegfried Kasper - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Recurrent Brief Depression revisited.
    International review of psychiatry (Abingdon England), 2005
    Co-Authors: Lukas Pezawas, J Angst, Siegfried Kasper
    Abstract:

    Recurrent Brief Depressive Disorder (RBD) is a well-defined and prevalent mood disorder with an increased risk of suicidal behavior and significant clinical impairment in the community and general practice. Occurring at least monthly with depressive episodes lasting only a few days defines Recurrent Brief Depressive Disorder. The lifetime co-occurrence of both RBD and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), called Combined Depression (CD), substantially increases the risk for attempted suicide, even more than that known for 'pure' MDD. The diagnostic criteria for RBD found in the ICD-10 and DSM-IV are helpful in research and clinical routine as well as several methodological issues, which make clinical diagnostic and drug response evaluation of RBD very different from MDD. Formal differences in the course of RBD and MDD require different designs for drug treatment studies. Denials of disorder, specific methodological requirements, and highly selected patient samples have probably been responsible for false negative results in double blind, placebo-controlled treatment studies. Although several authors reported successful treatment of RBD with different compounds in about 60 patients, it is still not possible to deduce a treatment algorithm for RBD to date. Obviously future treatment studies without the limitations of previous studies are clearly required for RBD. Results of ongoing studies will soon provide the first data on the biological underpinnings of RBD.

  • Successful treatment of Recurrent Brief Depression with reboxetine -- a single case analysis.
    Pharmacopsychiatry, 2002
    Co-Authors: Lukas Pezawas, Mara Stamenkovic, Aschauer N, Moffat R, Siegfried Kasper
    Abstract:

    Recurrent Brief Depression (RBD) is a prevalent condition among the depressive illnesses, and is characterized by depressive episodes of a few days' duration occurring almost every month that are unrelated to the menstruation cycle [1,2]. So far, RBD has not been shown to respond to antidepressive treatment in controlled clinical trials with citalopram, fluoxetine, flupenthixol, paroxetine, or mianserin using a classical parallel group design [1,2]. However, succesful RBD treatment on about sixty patients has so far been reported in one open trial with fluoxetine and in several cases with lithium, mirtazapine, and tranylcypromine [2,3,4]. Furthermore, successful treatment of RBD has been reported in a few patients with carbamazepine, nimodipine, and verapamil in controlled double-blind single-case analyses using a flexible cross-over design [2,5].

  • Fluoxetine treatment in patients with Recurrent Brief Depression.
    International clinical psychopharmacology, 2001
    Co-Authors: Mara Stamenkovic, Harald N Aschauer, Lukas Pezawas, Blasbichier T, Franz Riederer, N. Brandstätter, Siegfried Kasper
    Abstract:

    Recurrent Brief Depression (RBD) fulfills DSM-IV criteria for major Depression except duration. Depressive episodes last at least 2 days but less than 2 weeks occurring at least once a month for 12 consecutive months without association to the menstrual cycle. RBD has a high prevalence in the general population (approximately 10%). At present, there are few double-blind controlled studies indicating that selective serotonine reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) might not be effective in treatment of RBD. However, most of those studies include patients with a history of frequent suicide attempts and depressive episodes lasting shorter 2 weeks. It has previously been shown that fluoxetine was effective in patients with RBD in an open-label study. The objective of our study was to reinvestigate these contradictory results concerning the effectiveness of fluoxetine in patients with RBD. Seventeen patients with RBD according to DSM-IV and ICD-10 diagnostic criteria, who had no history of major Depression were treated with a dosage of 20-40 mg fluoxetine daily. Patients had to keep a diary in order to document psychopathological symptoms according to DSM-IV. We also used the 21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI). Duration of the study was 8 weeks. The diaries of nine patients were observed for a clinical observation period of 20 weeks after the end of the study with continued fluoxetine treatment. Two patients who initially fulfilled diagnostic criteria for RBD suffered from depressive episodes that lasted longer than 2 weeks. Therefore, their data had to be excluded from primary analysis. In the remaining 15 patients, we showed statistically significant improvement of depressive episodes measured by patient's diary, HIAM-D, BDI and CGI that persisted over the clinical observation period. Frequency of depressive episodes showed a significant decrease during fluoxetine treatment. Duration and severity of the single depressive episodes also decreased but did not reach statistical significance. In accordance with previous studies, fluoxetine could be a treatment option for patients with RBD. Treatment of RBD with SSRIs has been discussed controversially in the literature. Our study shows the effectiveness of fluoxetine in this depressive disorder. To confirm these preliminary results, a double-blind controlled study is necessary.

  • Recurrent Brief Depression: A frequent syndrome in clinical practice
    International journal of psychiatry in clinical practice, 2000
    Co-Authors: J Angst, Siegfried Kasper, Emmanuelle Weiller
    Abstract:

    Recurrent Brief Depression (RBD) is not a new artificial group of Depression syndromes, but an important, frequently overlooked and clearly identified subcategory of depressive disorders. The symptoms do not differ from major Depression; however, the duration of the Brief episodes usually lasts 1 - 3 days. The patient can suffer from both Brief and longer manifestations of Depression and therefore qualify for both diagnoses: major Depression on the one hand/or RBD on the other. If the patient suffers from both conditions the case is more severe, with higher social impairment and higher suicidal risk. Epidemiological studies carried out in different parts of the world indicated a prevalence rate of RBD of between 5% and 10% of patients seeking help in general practice. Unfortunately there is no clear treatment as yet established for RBD, although about 50% of these patients are given psychotropic drugs by practitioners. Controlled trials with antidepressants did not show a beneficial effect and there is no hint in the literature as to whether psychological therapies might be helpful. There is a need for further treatment studies in this important form of Depression, which is categorizable within the depressive spectrum. ( Int J Psych Clin Pract 2000; 4: 195-199).

  • mirtazapine in Recurrent Brief Depression
    International Clinical Psychopharmacology, 1998
    Co-Authors: Mara Stamenkovic, L Pezawas, M De Zwaan, Harald N Aschauer, Siegfried Kasper
    Abstract:

    Recurrent Brief Depression (RBD) has a high prevalence in the general population (approximately 10%). At present, data on the treatment of RBD are sparse. Results of treatment studies with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (fluoxetine, paroxetine) did not demonstrate superiority of the active drug over placebo in RBD. We report about two patients with RBD treated with mirtazapine over a period of 4 months. Mirtazapine is a noradrenergic with specific selective serotoninergic antidepressant. Patients had to keep a diary in order to document psychopathological symptoms of major Depression according to DSM-IV. We showed a marked reduction of severity, duration and frequency of Brief depressive episodes in two patients with RBD treated with 30 mg mirtazapine over a period of 4 months. Mirtazapine enhances serotonergic as well as noradrenergic neurotransmission. This dual mechanism of action may be necessary to improve RBD. Consequently, mirtazapine might be a treatment option for patients with RBD. However, our preliminary observations need to be substantiated in controlled studies.

J. Angst - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Prevalence of Bipolar Disorders: Traditional and Novel Approaches
    2002
    Co-Authors: J. Angst, A Gamma
    Abstract:

    Epidemiologie studies using the modern and widely used Composite International Diagnostic Interview, based on the DSM criteria, have reported generaUy low lifetime prevalence rates for bipolar 1 and bipolar II disorders, and cydothymia of between 1% and 2% (range, 0.0-2.4%). These low rates require serious investigation as there is growing evidence from epidemiologie studies in adolescents and young adults of clinically very relevant subdiagnostic hypomanic morbidity. As a consequence of the under-recognition of hypomania, major depressive disorders are over-diagnosed at the expense of bipolar II disorders. There is a similar over-diagnosis of dysthymia, and minor and Recurrent Brief Depression, and under-diagnosis of minor bipolar disorder. New data suggest that 25-50% of all individuals with mood disorders suffer from bipolar illness; this is true for both major and minor depressive syndromes. Accurate recognition of bipolar disorders will have an important impact on decisions about long-term prophylactic medication with mood stabilizers.

  • Panic disorder: History and epidemiology.
    European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists, 1998
    Co-Authors: J. Angst
    Abstract:

    Panic has not always been recognised as an exclusively psychiatric condition. Research in this area continued along separate medical and psychological axes until 1980, when the development of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)-III criteria established the overall concept of panic disorder. The lifetime prevalence of DSM-III panic disorder and repeated panic attacks, defined as the average of individual estimates from six studies, are 2.7% and 7.1% of the general population, respectively. Females are almost twice as likely as males to suffer panic disorder, and about seven times as likely to suffer repeated panic attacks. Overall, panic disorder or panic attacks occur in up to one in ten of the general population. The prevalence of panic disorder and panic attacks, their associations with other conditions, and their time courses have been investigated in a prospective epidemiological study in Zurich, Switzerland, in which 591 individuals were followed for 15 years. The validity of panic disorder and panic attacks as genuine psychological phenomena are attested to by their positive associations with a family history of panic disorder, elevated risk of suicide, lifetime treatment for psychiatric disorders, and especially treatment with prescribed medication and substantial work and social impairment. Strong comorbidity exists between panic states and other psychiatric conditions, including Depression (major Depression, bipolar disorder and Recurrent Brief Depression), agoraphobia, social phobia, specific phobia, and obsessive-compulsive disease. A lower degree of comorbidity is seen with alcohol and tobacco dependence. Comorbid conditions usually precede panic, except for alcohol abuse, which is usually secondary to episodes of panic. The prognosis of panic states is often optimistic, and chronic disease is present in less than half of sufferers. Both panic disorder and repeated panic attacks are common, serious and disabling conditions. Effective diagnosis and treatment of repeated panic attacks and panic disorder are of equal importance.

  • The Zurich Study: XXII
    European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 1996
    Co-Authors: B Hochstrasser, J. Angst
    Abstract:

    A representative cohort of Swiss adults recruited at age 20 years and interviewed at ages 23, 28 and 30 years was studied regarding the symptomatology, prevalence and longitudinal course of functional gastrointestinal symptoms and their association with psychiatric syndromes. A functional gastrointestinal complaint was identified if a proband reported symptoms at least eight times in the past year or for a duration of at least 2 weeks without medical explanation and with a moderate degree of distress. Of the population, 9.4–17.7% was found to suffer from functional stomach complaints and 4.9–16% from functional intestinal complaints. Women reported functional gastrointestinal complaints two to three times more often than men, and increasingly so with age. The overlap of stomach and intestinal complaints was modest with 2.0–6.7%. Cross sectionally, functional stomach complaints were significantly associated with major Depression (DSM-III-R), Recurrent Brief Depression (RBD), subthreshold RBD and dysthymia, and with subthreshold panic disorder, agoraphobia, social phobia and Recurrent Brief anxiety. Functional intestinal complaints showed a consistently significant association with RBD, dysthymia, major Depression, subthreshold RBD, panic disorder, subthreshold panic disorder, agoraphobia, simple and social phobia and generalized anxiety disorder. Individuals who at younger ages suffered from functional gastrointestinal complaints did not show an increased risk for a subsequent development of an anxiety or depressive disorder. Functional gastrointestinal complaints reflect an unspecific concomitant vegetative disturbance common to Depression and anxiety; they do not reflect a risk factor for the development of a specific anxiety or depressive disorder.

  • The Zurich Study: XXII. Epidemiology of gastrointestinal complaints and comorbidity with anxiety and Depression.
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 1996
    Co-Authors: B Hochstrasser, J. Angst
    Abstract:

    Abstract A representative cohort of Swiss adults recruited at age 20 years and interviewed at ages 23, 28 and 30 years was studied regarding the symptomatology, prevalence and longitudinal course of functional gastrointestinal symptoms and their association with psychiatric syndromes. A functional gastrointestinal complaint was identified if a proband reported symptoms at least eight times in the past year or for a duration of at least 2 weeks without medical explanation and with a moderate degree of distress. Of the population, 9.4-17.7% was found to suffer from functional stomach complaints and 4.9-16% from functional intestinal complaints. Women reported functional gastrointestinal complaints two to three times more often than men, and increasingly so with age. The overlap of stomach and intestinal complaints was modest with 2.0-6.7%. Cross sectionally, functional stomach complaints were significantly associated with major Depression (DSM-III-R), Recurrent Brief Depression (RBD), subthreshold RBD and dysthymia, and with subthreshold panic disorder, agoraphobia, social phobia and Recurrent Brief anxiety. Functional intestinal complaints showed a consistently significant association with RBD, dysthymia, major Depression, subthreshold RBD, panic disorder, subthreshold panic disorder, agoraphobia, simple and social phobia and generalized anxiety disorder. Individuals who at younger ages suffered from functional gastrointestinal complaints did not show an increased risk for a subsequent development of an anxiety or depressive disorder. Functional gastrointestinal complaints reflect an unspecific concomitant vegetative disturbance common to Depression and anxiety; they do not reflect a risk factor for the development of a specific anxiety or depressive disorder.

  • comorbidity of anxiety phobia compulsion and Depression
    International Clinical Psychopharmacology, 1993
    Co-Authors: J. Angst
    Abstract:

    The longitudinal association of several syndromal diagnoses is very frequently a direct consequence of modern descriptive diagnosis. Comorbidity in this sense is clinically relevant. Comorbid cases are more severe, are more amenable to treatment and are more frequently suicidal. The level of association between psychiatric syndromes can lead to nosologic hypotheses that can be further examined by independent investigations, and especially by means of family studies. Generalized anxiety disorders are very closely associated with the affective disorders, particularly with Depressions and suicide attempts, but also with hypomania. There is no close relationship with panic disorder. Social phobias are highly associated with agoraphobia, but also with simple phobia; also with panic, obsessive-compulsive syndromes and substance abuse. The prevalence of obsessive-compulsive syndromes depends to an exceptional degree on the definition. Syndromes below the diagnostic threshold of DSM-III are extremely frequent, and longitudinally a fluctuation about this threshold is apparent. OCS are especially found to be associated with social phobia and agoraphobia as well as with dysthymia and Recurrent Brief Depression, but less with major Depression. Language: en

Hans-jürgen Möller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) Guidelines for Biological Treatment of Unipolar Depressive Disorders, Part 2: Maintenance treatment of major depressive disorder and treatment of chronic depressive disorders and subthres
    Archives of Clinical Psychiatry (São Paulo), 2009
    Co-Authors: Michael Bauer, J Angst, Peter C. Whybrow, Marcio Versiani, Hans-jürgen Möller
    Abstract:

    These practice guidelines for the biological treatment of unipolar depressive disorders were developed by an international Task Force of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP). The goal for developing these guidelines was to systematically review all available evidence pertaining to the treatment of the complete spectrum of unipolar depressive disorders, and to produce a series of practice recommendations that are clinically and scientifically meaningful based on the available evidence. These guidelines are intended for use by all physicians seeing and treating patients with these conditions. The data used for developing these guidelines have been extracted primarily from various national treatment guidelines and panels for depressive disorders, as well as from meta-analyses and reviews on the efficacy of antidepressant medications and other biological treatment interventions identified by a search of the MEDLINE database and Cochrane Library. The identified literature was evaluated with respect to the strength of evidence for its efficacy and was then categorized into four levels of evidence (A-D). The first part of these WFSBP guidelines on unipolar depressive disorders covered the acute and continuation treatment of major depressive disorder (Bauer et al., 2002). This second part of the guidelines covers the management of the maintenance-phase treatment of major depressive disorder, as well as the treatment of chronic and subthreshold depressive disorders (dysthymic disorder, double Depression, minor depressive disorder and Recurrent Brief Depression). These guidelines are primarily concerned with thebiological treatment (including antidepressants, lithium, other psychopharmacological and hormonal medications, and electroconvulsive therapy) of young adults and also, albeit to a lesser extent, children, adolescents and older adults.

  • Evidence for a seasonal form of Recurrent Brief Depression (RBD-seasonal)
    European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 1994
    Co-Authors: Siegfried Kasper, Stephan Ruhrmann, Thomas Haase, Hans-jürgen Möller
    Abstract:

    We have established a relationship between Recurrent Brief Depression (RBD) and seasonal affective disorder (SAD) in a cohort of 42 outpatients who presented themselves at a clinic for seasonal affective disorder at the Psychiatry Department of the University of Bonn, Germany. Our preliminary data indicate that 31% of the patients who were diagnosed as suffering from either SAD or its subsyndromal form (S-SAD) can also be categorized as RBD (RBD-seasonal) for a 1-year observation period. During the time span of 1 year, RBD-seasonal patients had a mean number of 20±9 episodes, which were accentuated in fall/winter, outnumbering the ones in spring/ summer significantly ( P

  • evidence for a seasonal form of Recurrent Brief Depression rbd seasonal
    European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 1994
    Co-Authors: Siegfried Kasper, Stephan Ruhrmann, Thomas Haase, Hans-jürgen Möller
    Abstract:

    We have established a relationship between Recurrent Brief Depression (RBD) and seasonal affective disorder (SAD) in a cohort of 42 outpatients who presented themselves at a clinic for seasonal affective disorder at the Psychiatry Department of the University of Bonn, Germany. Our preliminary data indicate that 31% of the patients who were diagnosed as suffering from either SAD or its subsyndromal form (S-SAD) can also be categorized as RBD (RBD-seasonal) for a 1-year observation period. During the time span of 1 year, RBD-seasonal patients had a mean number of 20±9 episodes, which were accentuated in fall/winter, outnumbering the ones in spring/ summer significantly (P<0.001). The mean duration of each episode was 4.6±2.6 days in the RBD-seasonal group. RBD-seasonal patients experienced seasonal changes as more of a problem and reported a lower percentage of first-degree relatives with a history of Depression than the non-RBD-seasonal group.

  • Recurrent Brief Depression and its relationship to seasonal affective disorder
    European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 1992
    Co-Authors: Siegfried Kasper, Stephan Ruhrmann, Thomas Haase, Hans-jürgen Möller
    Abstract:

    Recurrent Brief Depression (RBD) and seasonal affective disorder (SAD) have been both recently described as subgroups of major Depression (DSM-III-R). We have established a relationship between these two syndromes in a cohort of 42 outpatients who presented themselfes to a clinic for seasonal affective disorder at the Psychiatric Department of the University of Bonn, FRG. Our preliminary data indicate that 31% of the patients who were diagnosed as suffering from either SAD or its subsyndromal form (S-SAD) can also be categorized as RBD (RBD-seasonal) in a 1-year observation period. During the time span of 1 year RBD-seasonal patients had a mean number of 20 (SD 9) episodes compared with 6 (SD 5) episodes ( P

  • Recurrent Brief Depression and its relationship to seasonal affective disorder.
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 1992
    Co-Authors: Siegfried Kasper, Stephan Ruhrmann, Thomas Haase, Hans-jürgen Möller
    Abstract:

    Recurrent Brief Depression (RBD) and seasonal affective disorder (SAD) have been both recently described as subgroups of major Depression (DSM-III-R). We have established a relationship between these two syndromes in a cohort of 42 outpatients who presented themselves to a clinic for seasonal affective disorder at the Psychiatric Department of the University of Bonn, FRG. Our preliminary data indicate that 31% of the patients who were diagnosed as suffering from either SAD or its subsyndromal form (S-SAD) can also be categorized as RBD (RBD-seasonal) in a 1-year observation period. During the time span of 1 year RBD-seasonal patients had a mean number of 20 (SD 9) episodes compared with 6 (SD 5) episodes (P less than 0.001) in the group of seasonal patients without BRD. These episodes were accentuated in fall/winter and outnumbered those in spring/summer significantly (P less than 0.001). The mean duration of each episode was 4.6 (SD 2.6) days in the RBD-seasonal group and 21.8 (SD 29) in the non-RBD-seasonal group. Patients with RBD-seasonal experienced seasonal changes as more of a problem and reported a lower percentage of first-degree relatives with a history of Depression than the non-RBD-seasonal group.

Ulrik F Malt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Erratum to "Somatic and cognitive symptoms as indicators of potential endophenotypes in bipolar spectrum disorders: An exploratory and proof-of-concept study comparing bipolar II disorder with Recurrent Brief Depression and healthy controls" [J. Affe
    Journal of Affective Disorders, 2015
    Co-Authors: H. Lövdahl, Erlend Boen, Eva Albertsen Malt, Ulrik F Malt
    Abstract:

    Erratum to “Somatic and cognitive symptoms as indicators of potential endophenotypes in bipolar spectrum disorders: An exploratory and proof-of-concept study comparing bipolar II disorder with Recurrent Brief Depression and healthy controls” [J. Affect. Disord. 166 (2014) 59–70] H. Lovdahl , E. Boen , E.A. Malt , U.F. Malt a,b,d a Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Division of Surgery & Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital – Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway b Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway c Department of Clinical Psychiatry, Sorlandet Hospital, Arendal, Norway d Normood (Norwegian Research Network on Mood Disorders), Norway e Department of Adult Habilitation, Division of Psychiatry, Akershus University Hospital, Lorenskog, Norway

  • Somatic and cognitive symptoms as indicators of potential endophenotypes in bipolar spectrum disorders: An exploratory and proof-of-concept study comparing bipolar II disorder with Recurrent Brief Depression and healthy controls
    Journal of affective disorders, 2014
    Co-Authors: H. Lövdahl, Erlend Boen, Eva Albertsen Malt, Ulrik F Malt
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background We examined whether somatic symptoms reported by patients with bipolar spectrum disorder (BSD), in this study defined as bipolar II (BD-2) or Recurrent Brief Depression with (RBD-H) or without (RBD-O) a history of hypomanic symptoms might point to the possible underlying disease markers (endophenotypes). We hypothesized that somatic symptoms that are possible indirect indicators of endophenotypes should be more prevalent among patients than among healthy controls; should not correlate with neuroticism; should not correlate with the severity of current mental status (e.g., anxiety, Depression); and should not correlate with the use of psychotropic drugs including antiepileptics or be explained by co-morbid medical diseases. Methods Sixty-one patients (BD-2: n =21; RBD-H: n =19; RBD-O: n =21) were compared with 21 healthy controls. Assessments included a 123-item somatic symptom checklist; assessments for neuroticism, anxiety and Depression. Candidate somatic symptoms were selected using a 4-step inclusion/exclusion procedure. Results Seven symptoms survived in all three groups: general (fatigue, feeling exhausted); sensory (leaden sensation in legs, pain in the body, impaired sense of smell); cognitive (loss of memory) and autonomic (excessive perspiration). In addition 15 symptoms survived in one or two groups (examples: impaired hearing, hypersensitivity to sound, inability to find words). Limitations Possible selection bias and small sample size precludes firm conclusions with regards to specific symptoms. Conclusion Our approach identified symptoms for which an association with BSDs has been suggested previously, as well as symptoms not commonly associated with BSDs. The findings support the feasibility and validity of using assessment of somatic symptoms as an approach to identify potential endophenotypes in BSDs.

  • Working memory in Recurrent Brief Depression: An fMRI pilot study
    Journal of Affective Disorders, 2013
    Co-Authors: Maria Stylianou Korsnes, Stein Andersson, H. Lövdahl, Atle Bjørnerud, Paulina Due-tönnesen, Tor Endestad, Ulrik F Malt
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background We examined women with Recurrent Brief Depression (RBD) with and without episodes of hypomania with an n -back working memory paradigm to assess how working memory load affects the neurological network corresponding to working memory for these groups. Method Participants ( n =33) were medication-free and mostly euthymic while performing a 1-back and a 2-back task in the fMRI scanner. Differential activation results between the tasks were assessed globally and within seven predefined regions of interest associated with working memory activation. The patient groups were compared with healthy women and matched for age, handedness, and length of education. Results Poor task modulation was observed in both RBD groups in the prefrontal cortex (BA9) in the 1-back task and activation during the 2-back task, particularly in a subgroup with a history of Brief hypomanic episodes (RBD-H) compared with the subgroup without such episodes (RBD-O). Task modulation in the right parahippocampal gyrus (BA27) distinguished the RBD-O group, and task modulation in the right insula clearly distinguished the RBD-H group. Limitations Small sample size and recruitment of most patients through media that may induce a selection bias towards better-functioning subjects. Conclusion The observed lack of deactivation within the right insula has also been reported in patients with bipolar I disorders. Activation differences in BA9 and the parahippocampal region between RBD patients with and without a history of hypomania suggest different functional hypersensitivity of early limbic regions and ability to sustain attention and working memory, respectively, possibly identifying functional differences between the two subgroups.

  • Working memory in Recurrent Brief Depression: an fMRI pilot study.
    Journal of affective disorders, 2013
    Co-Authors: Maria Stylianou Korsnes, Stein Andersson, Hans Lövdahl, Atle Bjørnerud, Paulina Due-tönnesen, Tor Endestad, Ulrik F Malt
    Abstract:

    We examined women with Recurrent Brief Depression (RBD) with and without episodes of hypomania with an n-back working memory paradigm to assess how working memory load affects the neurological network corresponding to working memory for these groups. Participants (n=33) were medication-free and mostly euthymic while performing a 1-back and a 2-back task in the fMRI scanner. Differential activation results between the tasks were assessed globally and within seven predefined regions of interest associated with working memory activation. The patient groups were compared with healthy women and matched for age, handedness, and length of education. Poor task modulation was observed in both RBD groups in the prefrontal cortex (BA9) in the 1-back task and activation during the 2-back task, particularly in a subgroup with a history of Brief hypomanic episodes (RBD-H) compared with the subgroup without such episodes (RBD-O). Task modulation in the right parahippocampal gyrus (BA27) distinguished the RBD-O group, and task modulation in the right insula clearly distinguished the RBD-H group. Small sample size and recruitment of most patients through media that may induce a selection bias towards better-functioning subjects. The observed lack of deactivation within the right insula has also been reported in patients with bipolar I disorders. Activation differences in BA9 and the parahippocampal region between RBD patients with and without a history of hypomania suggest different functional hypersensitivity of early limbic regions and ability to sustain attention and working memory, respectively, possibly identifying functional differences between the two subgroups. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  • temperament and character in patients with bipolar ii disorder and Recurrent Brief Depression
    Comprehensive Psychiatry, 2010
    Co-Authors: Ulrik F Malt, H. Lövdahl, Erlend Boen, Erik Falkum, T Hynnekleiv
    Abstract:

    Abstract Objectives We compared the temperament and character profiles of 21 patients with bipolar II disorder, 40 patients with Recurrent Brief Depression (RBD; at least monthly depressive episodes meeting the diagnostic criteria for major depressive episode except for duration that is less than 2 weeks, typically 2-3 days, without fixed relation to menstrual cycle) of which 21 had no history of hypomania and 19 had experienced hypomanic episodes, and 21 age- and sex-matched controls. Methods Assessments included the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale, Hypomania Checklist, and Temperament and Character Inventory–125. Patients with cluster A and B personality disorders were excluded. Results Bipolar II and RBD patients had higher harm avoidance (HA) and lower self-directedness (SD) compared with controls. Excluding panic disorder comorbidity effaced this difference in HA and SD (bipolar II only) and harm avoidance. No other differences were found. Conclusions In this first study comparing personality profiles of patients with bipolar II vs RBD, when controlling for confounders, neither bipolar II nor RBD patients differed significantly from healthy controls. The lower SD scores among RBD patients may reflect sampling bias (a higher rate of Axis 2 cluster C disorders).