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James E Payne - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Renewable and non-Renewable Energy Consumption-growth nexus: Evidence from a panel error correction model
Energy Economics, 2012Co-Authors: Nicholas Apergis, James E PayneAbstract:Unlike previous Renewable Energy Consumption-growth studies, this study examines the relationship between Renewable and non-Renewable Energy Consumption and economic growth for 80 countries within a multivariate panel framework over the period 1990–2007. The Pedroni (1999, 2004) heterogeneous panel cointegration test show a long-run equilibrium relationship between real GDP, Renewable Energy Consumption, non-Renewable Energy Consumption, real gross fixed capital formation, and the labor force with the respective coefficient estimates positive and statistically significant. There is little difference in the elasticity estimates with respect to Renewable and non-Renewable Energy Consumption. The results from the panel error correction model reveal bidirectional causality between Renewable and non-Renewable Energy Consumption and economic growth in both the short- and long-run. Also, there is bidirectional short-run causality between Renewable and non-Renewable Energy Consumption indicative of substitutability between the two Energy sources.
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The Causal Dynamics Between US Renewable Energy Consumption, Output, Emissions, and Oil Prices
Energy Sources Part B: Economics Planning and Policy, 2012Co-Authors: James E PayneAbstract:Abstract This article examines the causal dynamics between Renewable Energy Consumption, real gross domestic product (GDP), carbon emissions, and real oil prices using the Toda-Yamamoto long-causality test procedure over the period 1949 to 2009. The results indicate that Renewable Energy legislation and policies since 1978 had a positive and statistically significant impact on Renewable Energy Consumption. Though the results suggest that real GDP, carbon emissions, and real oil prices did not have a causal impact on Renewable Energy Consumption, unexpected shocks to real GDP and carbon emissions yielded a positive impact on Renewable Energy Consumption over time.
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evidence of long memory behavior in u s Renewable Energy Consumption
Energy Policy, 2012Co-Authors: Carlos Pestana Barros, Luis A Gilalana, James E PayneAbstract:This study examines the degrees of time persistence in U.S. total Renewable Energy Consumption using innovative fractional integration and autoregressive models with monthly data from 1981:1 to 2010:10. The results indicate that Renewable Energy Consumption is better explained in terms of a long memory model that incorporates persistence components and seasonality. The degree of integration is above 0.5 but significantly below 1.0, suggesting nonstationarity with mean reverting behavior. The presence of long memory behavior (persistence) in Renewable Energy Consumption suggests that random shocks may very well move Renewable Energy Consumption from pre-determined target levels for a period of time.
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A Global Perspective on the Renewable Energy Consumption-Growth Nexus
Energy Sources Part B: Economics Planning and Policy, 2012Co-Authors: Nicholas Apergis, James E PayneAbstract:Abstract This study examines the causal relationship between Renewable Energy Consumption and economic growth for 80 countries within a multivariate panel framework over the period 1990–2007. The results of the panel cointegration test indicates there is a long-run equilibrium relationship between real gross domestic product, Renewable Energy Consumption, real gross fixed capital formation, and the labor force with the respective coefficient estimates positive and statistically significant. The results from the panel error correction model reveal bidirectional causality between Renewable Energy Consumption and economic growth in both the short-run and long-run.
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On the causal dynamics between Renewable and non-Renewable Energy Consumption and economic growth in developed and developing countries
Energy Systems, 2011Co-Authors: Nicholas Apergis, James E PayneAbstract:This study extends recent work on the relationship between Renewable and non-Renewable Energy Consumption and economic growth to the case of developed and developing countries over the period 1990-2007. Heterogeneous panel cointegration procedures show a long-run equilibrium relationship between real GDP, Renewable Energy Consumption, non-Renewable Energy Consumption, real gross fixed capital formation, and the labor force with the respective coefficient estimates positive and statistically significant for developed and developing country panels. The results from the panel error correction models reveal bidirectional causality between Renewable and non-Renewable Energy Consumption and economic growth in the short- and long-run for each country panel.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Slim Ben Youssef - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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does Renewable Energy Consumption and health expenditures decrease carbon dioxide emissions evidence for sub saharan africa countries
Renewable Energy, 2018Co-Authors: Nicholas Apergis, Mehdi Ben Jebli, Slim Ben YoussefAbstract:This paper employs panel methodological approaches to explore the link between per capita carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, per capita real gross domestic product (GDP), Renewable Energy Consumption, and health expenditures as health indicator for a panel of 42 sub-Saharan Africa countries, spanning the period 1995–2011. Empirical results support a long-term relationship between variables. In the short-run, Granger causality reveals the presence of unidirectional causalities running from real GDP to CO2 emissions, to Renewable Energy Consumption, and to heath expenditures, and bidirectional causality between Renewable Energy Consumption and CO2 emissions. In the long-run, there is a unidirectional causality running from Renewable Energy Consumption to health expenditures, and bidirectional causality between health expenditures and CO2 emissions. Our long-run elasticity estimates document that both Renewable Energy Consumption and health expenditures contribute to the reduction of carbon emissions, while real GDP leads to the increase of emissions. We recommend these countries to pursue their economic growth and invest in health care and Renewable Energy projects, which will enable them to benefit from their abundant wealth in Renewable Energy resources, improve the health conditions of their citizens, and fight climate change.
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the role of Renewable Energy Consumption and trade environmental kuznets curve analysis for sub saharan africa countries
African Development Review, 2015Co-Authors: Mehdi Ben Jebli, Slim Ben Youssef, Ilhan OzturkAbstract:Based on the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, this paper uses panel cointegration techniques to investigate the short and the long-run relationship between CO2 emissions, economic growth, Renewable Energy Consumption and trade openness for a panel of 24 Sub-Saharan Africa countries over the period 1980-2010. The validity of the EKC hypothesis has not been supported for these countries. Short-run Granger causality results reveal that there is a bidirectional causality between emissions and economic growth; bidirectional causality between emissions and real exports; unidirectional causality from real imports to emissions; and unidirectional causality runs from trade (exports or imports) to Renewable Energy Consumption. There is an indirect short-run causality running from emissions to Renewable Energy and an indirect short-run causality from GDP to Renewable Energy. In the long-run, the error correction term is statistically significant for emissions, Renewable Energy Consumption and trade openness. The long-run estimates suggest that real GDP per capita and real imports per capita both have a negative and statistically significant impact on per capita CO2 emissions. The impact of the square of real GDP per capita and real exports per capita are both positive and statistically significant on per capita CO2 emissions. For the model with imports, Renewable Energy Consumption per capita has a positive impact on per capita emissions. One policy recommendation is that Sub-Saharan countries should expand their trade exchanges particularly with developed countries and try to maximize their benefit from technology transfer generated by such trade relations as this increases their Renewable Energy Consumption.
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The Dynamic Linkage between CO2 emissions, Economic Growth, Renewable Energy Consumption, Number of Tourist Arrivals and Trade
2014Co-Authors: Mehdi Ben Jebli, Slim Ben Youssef, Nicholas ApergisAbstract:This study explores the relationship between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, economic growth, Renewable Energy Consumption, the number of tourist arrivals and trade in Central and South America spanning the period 1995-2010. We apply panel cointegration techniques and panel Granger causality tests to investigate the relationship across the variables both in the short- and in the long-run. The empirical findings reveal the presence of a long-run relationship across the variables under investigation. Furthermore, short-run dynamics show a unidirectional causality running from Renewable Energy Consumption to CO2 emissions and from Renewable Energy Consumption to trade. In addition, there is a unidirectional short-run causal link without feedback effects from economic growth to trade and the number of tourist arrivals as well as a unidirectional causality running from the number of tourist arrivals to trade. In the long-run, there is evidence of bidirectional causality between emissions, Renewable Energy Consumption and the number of tourist arrivals. Long-run estimates highlight that both the number of tourist arrivals and Renewable Energy Consumption contribute to the reduction of emissions, while both real GDP and trade contribute to the increase of emissions.
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Output, Renewable Energy Consumption and trade in Africa
Energy Policy, 2014Co-Authors: Mohamed Safouane Ben Aissa, Mehdi Ben Jebli, Slim Ben YoussefAbstract:We use panel cointegration techniques to examine the relationship between Renewable Energy Consumption, trade and output in a sample of 11 African countries covering the period 1980–2008. The results from panel error correction model reveal that there is evidence of a bidirectional causality between output and exports and between output and imports in both the short and long-run. However, in the short-run, there is no evidence of causality between output and Renewable Energy Consumption and between trade (exports or imports) and Renewable Energy Consumption. Also, in the long-run, there is no causality running from output or trade to Renewable Energy. In the long-run, our estimations show that Renewable Energy Consumption and trade have a statistically significant and positive impact on output. Our Energy policy recommendations are that national authorities should design appropriate fiscal incentives to encourage the use of Renewable energies, create more regional economic integration for Renewable Energy technologies, and encourage trade openness because of its positive impact on technology transfer and on output.
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The Environmental Kuznets Curve: The Role of Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Consumption and Trade Openness
2013Co-Authors: Mehdi Ben Jebli, Slim Ben Youssef, Ilhan OzturkAbstract:We use panel cointegration techniques to investigate the causal relationship between CO2 emissions, Renewable and non-Renewable Energy Consumption, and trade openness in three different models for a panel of twenty five OECD countries over the period 1980-2009. Also the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis has been tested for these countries. Short-run Granger causality tests show the existence of a unidirectional causality running from the square of per capita output to per capita CO2 emissions and per capita non-Renewable Energy Consumption and a unidirectional causality running from per capita real exports to per capita CO2 emissions. There is an indirect short-run causality running from per capita output to per capita non-Renewable Energy Consumption. In the long-run, the FMOLS and DOLS estimates suggest that per capita GDP and per capita non-Renewable Energy Consumption have a positive impact on per capita CO2 emissions. The long-run estimates suggest that the square of per capita GDP, per capita Renewable Energy Consumption, and per capita real exports and imports have a negative impact on per capita CO2 emissions. Therefore, more trade openness and more use of Renewable Energy are efficient strategies to combat global warming.
Nicholas Apergis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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does Renewable Energy Consumption and health expenditures decrease carbon dioxide emissions evidence for sub saharan africa countries
Renewable Energy, 2018Co-Authors: Nicholas Apergis, Mehdi Ben Jebli, Slim Ben YoussefAbstract:This paper employs panel methodological approaches to explore the link between per capita carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, per capita real gross domestic product (GDP), Renewable Energy Consumption, and health expenditures as health indicator for a panel of 42 sub-Saharan Africa countries, spanning the period 1995–2011. Empirical results support a long-term relationship between variables. In the short-run, Granger causality reveals the presence of unidirectional causalities running from real GDP to CO2 emissions, to Renewable Energy Consumption, and to heath expenditures, and bidirectional causality between Renewable Energy Consumption and CO2 emissions. In the long-run, there is a unidirectional causality running from Renewable Energy Consumption to health expenditures, and bidirectional causality between health expenditures and CO2 emissions. Our long-run elasticity estimates document that both Renewable Energy Consumption and health expenditures contribute to the reduction of carbon emissions, while real GDP leads to the increase of emissions. We recommend these countries to pursue their economic growth and invest in health care and Renewable Energy projects, which will enable them to benefit from their abundant wealth in Renewable Energy resources, improve the health conditions of their citizens, and fight climate change.
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Renewable Energy Consumption and unemployment: evidence from a sample of 80 countries and nonlinear estimates
Applied Economics, 2015Co-Authors: Nicholas Apergis, Ruhul SalimAbstract:This article contributes to the discussion on the dynamic nexus of Renewable Energy Consumption and unemployment by incorporating nonlinear cointegration and causality analysis. Using a sample of 80 countries spanning the period 1990–2013 and the advanced generation of unit root, cointegration and nonlinear Granger causality methodological approaches in panel data, we obtain mixed results about the impact of Renewable Energy Consumption on unemployment. Although the total findings document a positive impact of Renewable Energy Consumption on unemployment, disaggregated data across specific regions, such as Asia and Latin America, highlight the favourable effect on unemployment, implying that the effect of Renewable Energy Consumption on jobs creation depends on the cost of adopting Renewable Energy technologies and Energy efficiencies that seem to vary across the regions under investigation.
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The Dynamic Linkage between CO2 emissions, Economic Growth, Renewable Energy Consumption, Number of Tourist Arrivals and Trade
2014Co-Authors: Mehdi Ben Jebli, Slim Ben Youssef, Nicholas ApergisAbstract:This study explores the relationship between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, economic growth, Renewable Energy Consumption, the number of tourist arrivals and trade in Central and South America spanning the period 1995-2010. We apply panel cointegration techniques and panel Granger causality tests to investigate the relationship across the variables both in the short- and in the long-run. The empirical findings reveal the presence of a long-run relationship across the variables under investigation. Furthermore, short-run dynamics show a unidirectional causality running from Renewable Energy Consumption to CO2 emissions and from Renewable Energy Consumption to trade. In addition, there is a unidirectional short-run causal link without feedback effects from economic growth to trade and the number of tourist arrivals as well as a unidirectional causality running from the number of tourist arrivals to trade. In the long-run, there is evidence of bidirectional causality between emissions, Renewable Energy Consumption and the number of tourist arrivals. Long-run estimates highlight that both the number of tourist arrivals and Renewable Energy Consumption contribute to the reduction of emissions, while both real GDP and trade contribute to the increase of emissions.
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Renewable and non-Renewable Energy Consumption-growth nexus: Evidence from a panel error correction model
Energy Economics, 2012Co-Authors: Nicholas Apergis, James E PayneAbstract:Unlike previous Renewable Energy Consumption-growth studies, this study examines the relationship between Renewable and non-Renewable Energy Consumption and economic growth for 80 countries within a multivariate panel framework over the period 1990–2007. The Pedroni (1999, 2004) heterogeneous panel cointegration test show a long-run equilibrium relationship between real GDP, Renewable Energy Consumption, non-Renewable Energy Consumption, real gross fixed capital formation, and the labor force with the respective coefficient estimates positive and statistically significant. There is little difference in the elasticity estimates with respect to Renewable and non-Renewable Energy Consumption. The results from the panel error correction model reveal bidirectional causality between Renewable and non-Renewable Energy Consumption and economic growth in both the short- and long-run. Also, there is bidirectional short-run causality between Renewable and non-Renewable Energy Consumption indicative of substitutability between the two Energy sources.
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A Global Perspective on the Renewable Energy Consumption-Growth Nexus
Energy Sources Part B: Economics Planning and Policy, 2012Co-Authors: Nicholas Apergis, James E PayneAbstract:Abstract This study examines the causal relationship between Renewable Energy Consumption and economic growth for 80 countries within a multivariate panel framework over the period 1990–2007. The results of the panel cointegration test indicates there is a long-run equilibrium relationship between real gross domestic product, Renewable Energy Consumption, real gross fixed capital formation, and the labor force with the respective coefficient estimates positive and statistically significant. The results from the panel error correction model reveal bidirectional causality between Renewable Energy Consumption and economic growth in both the short-run and long-run.
Mehdi Ben Jebli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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does Renewable Energy Consumption and health expenditures decrease carbon dioxide emissions evidence for sub saharan africa countries
Renewable Energy, 2018Co-Authors: Nicholas Apergis, Mehdi Ben Jebli, Slim Ben YoussefAbstract:This paper employs panel methodological approaches to explore the link between per capita carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, per capita real gross domestic product (GDP), Renewable Energy Consumption, and health expenditures as health indicator for a panel of 42 sub-Saharan Africa countries, spanning the period 1995–2011. Empirical results support a long-term relationship between variables. In the short-run, Granger causality reveals the presence of unidirectional causalities running from real GDP to CO2 emissions, to Renewable Energy Consumption, and to heath expenditures, and bidirectional causality between Renewable Energy Consumption and CO2 emissions. In the long-run, there is a unidirectional causality running from Renewable Energy Consumption to health expenditures, and bidirectional causality between health expenditures and CO2 emissions. Our long-run elasticity estimates document that both Renewable Energy Consumption and health expenditures contribute to the reduction of carbon emissions, while real GDP leads to the increase of emissions. We recommend these countries to pursue their economic growth and invest in health care and Renewable Energy projects, which will enable them to benefit from their abundant wealth in Renewable Energy resources, improve the health conditions of their citizens, and fight climate change.
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the role of Renewable Energy Consumption and trade environmental kuznets curve analysis for sub saharan africa countries
African Development Review, 2015Co-Authors: Mehdi Ben Jebli, Slim Ben Youssef, Ilhan OzturkAbstract:Based on the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, this paper uses panel cointegration techniques to investigate the short and the long-run relationship between CO2 emissions, economic growth, Renewable Energy Consumption and trade openness for a panel of 24 Sub-Saharan Africa countries over the period 1980-2010. The validity of the EKC hypothesis has not been supported for these countries. Short-run Granger causality results reveal that there is a bidirectional causality between emissions and economic growth; bidirectional causality between emissions and real exports; unidirectional causality from real imports to emissions; and unidirectional causality runs from trade (exports or imports) to Renewable Energy Consumption. There is an indirect short-run causality running from emissions to Renewable Energy and an indirect short-run causality from GDP to Renewable Energy. In the long-run, the error correction term is statistically significant for emissions, Renewable Energy Consumption and trade openness. The long-run estimates suggest that real GDP per capita and real imports per capita both have a negative and statistically significant impact on per capita CO2 emissions. The impact of the square of real GDP per capita and real exports per capita are both positive and statistically significant on per capita CO2 emissions. For the model with imports, Renewable Energy Consumption per capita has a positive impact on per capita emissions. One policy recommendation is that Sub-Saharan countries should expand their trade exchanges particularly with developed countries and try to maximize their benefit from technology transfer generated by such trade relations as this increases their Renewable Energy Consumption.
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The Dynamic Linkage between CO2 emissions, Economic Growth, Renewable Energy Consumption, Number of Tourist Arrivals and Trade
2014Co-Authors: Mehdi Ben Jebli, Slim Ben Youssef, Nicholas ApergisAbstract:This study explores the relationship between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, economic growth, Renewable Energy Consumption, the number of tourist arrivals and trade in Central and South America spanning the period 1995-2010. We apply panel cointegration techniques and panel Granger causality tests to investigate the relationship across the variables both in the short- and in the long-run. The empirical findings reveal the presence of a long-run relationship across the variables under investigation. Furthermore, short-run dynamics show a unidirectional causality running from Renewable Energy Consumption to CO2 emissions and from Renewable Energy Consumption to trade. In addition, there is a unidirectional short-run causal link without feedback effects from economic growth to trade and the number of tourist arrivals as well as a unidirectional causality running from the number of tourist arrivals to trade. In the long-run, there is evidence of bidirectional causality between emissions, Renewable Energy Consumption and the number of tourist arrivals. Long-run estimates highlight that both the number of tourist arrivals and Renewable Energy Consumption contribute to the reduction of emissions, while both real GDP and trade contribute to the increase of emissions.
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Output, Renewable Energy Consumption and trade in Africa
Energy Policy, 2014Co-Authors: Mohamed Safouane Ben Aissa, Mehdi Ben Jebli, Slim Ben YoussefAbstract:We use panel cointegration techniques to examine the relationship between Renewable Energy Consumption, trade and output in a sample of 11 African countries covering the period 1980–2008. The results from panel error correction model reveal that there is evidence of a bidirectional causality between output and exports and between output and imports in both the short and long-run. However, in the short-run, there is no evidence of causality between output and Renewable Energy Consumption and between trade (exports or imports) and Renewable Energy Consumption. Also, in the long-run, there is no causality running from output or trade to Renewable Energy. In the long-run, our estimations show that Renewable Energy Consumption and trade have a statistically significant and positive impact on output. Our Energy policy recommendations are that national authorities should design appropriate fiscal incentives to encourage the use of Renewable energies, create more regional economic integration for Renewable Energy technologies, and encourage trade openness because of its positive impact on technology transfer and on output.
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The Environmental Kuznets Curve: The Role of Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Consumption and Trade Openness
2013Co-Authors: Mehdi Ben Jebli, Slim Ben Youssef, Ilhan OzturkAbstract:We use panel cointegration techniques to investigate the causal relationship between CO2 emissions, Renewable and non-Renewable Energy Consumption, and trade openness in three different models for a panel of twenty five OECD countries over the period 1980-2009. Also the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis has been tested for these countries. Short-run Granger causality tests show the existence of a unidirectional causality running from the square of per capita output to per capita CO2 emissions and per capita non-Renewable Energy Consumption and a unidirectional causality running from per capita real exports to per capita CO2 emissions. There is an indirect short-run causality running from per capita output to per capita non-Renewable Energy Consumption. In the long-run, the FMOLS and DOLS estimates suggest that per capita GDP and per capita non-Renewable Energy Consumption have a positive impact on per capita CO2 emissions. The long-run estimates suggest that the square of per capita GDP, per capita Renewable Energy Consumption, and per capita real exports and imports have a negative impact on per capita CO2 emissions. Therefore, more trade openness and more use of Renewable Energy are efficient strategies to combat global warming.
Ilhan Ozturk - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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impacts of Renewable Energy Consumption on the german economic growth evidence from combined cointegration test
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2017Co-Authors: Abdulkadir Abdulrashid Rafindadi, Ilhan OzturkAbstract:Germany is the largest economy in Europe and the leading Renewable Energy user comparable to none in the entire of the European continents. It is in reference to these developments that this study investigates whether the impacts of Renewable Energy have consolidated the economic growth prospects of the country. To ensure this, quarterly time series data from 1971Q1 to 2013QIV was used. The study employed the Clemente-Montanes-Reyes detrended structural break test, the Bayer-Hanck combined cointegration test and the ARDL bounds testing approach to cointegration. In addition, the causality analysis was observed using VECM Granger causality framework. The results confirmed the existence of cointegration among the variables. The results show that Renewable Energy Consumption in Germany consolidates the country's economic growth prospects to the extend that a 1% increase in Renewable Energy Consumption boosts German economic growth by 0.2194%. In addition to that, a 1% increase in capital lead to the rise in economic growth by 1.1320%. While a 0.5125% increase in economic growth is due to 1% increase in labor productivity. The causality analysis on the other hand, revealed the existence of feedback effect between Renewable Energy Consumption and economic growth. While the relationship between Renewable Energy Consumption and capital is found to be bidirectional and same inference was found to exist between capital and economic growth. The study proposes solid mechanisms that will help in averting Renewable Energy market failure locally and internationally among others.
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the role of Renewable Energy Consumption and trade environmental kuznets curve analysis for sub saharan africa countries
African Development Review, 2015Co-Authors: Mehdi Ben Jebli, Slim Ben Youssef, Ilhan OzturkAbstract:Based on the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, this paper uses panel cointegration techniques to investigate the short and the long-run relationship between CO2 emissions, economic growth, Renewable Energy Consumption and trade openness for a panel of 24 Sub-Saharan Africa countries over the period 1980-2010. The validity of the EKC hypothesis has not been supported for these countries. Short-run Granger causality results reveal that there is a bidirectional causality between emissions and economic growth; bidirectional causality between emissions and real exports; unidirectional causality from real imports to emissions; and unidirectional causality runs from trade (exports or imports) to Renewable Energy Consumption. There is an indirect short-run causality running from emissions to Renewable Energy and an indirect short-run causality from GDP to Renewable Energy. In the long-run, the error correction term is statistically significant for emissions, Renewable Energy Consumption and trade openness. The long-run estimates suggest that real GDP per capita and real imports per capita both have a negative and statistically significant impact on per capita CO2 emissions. The impact of the square of real GDP per capita and real exports per capita are both positive and statistically significant on per capita CO2 emissions. For the model with imports, Renewable Energy Consumption per capita has a positive impact on per capita emissions. One policy recommendation is that Sub-Saharan countries should expand their trade exchanges particularly with developed countries and try to maximize their benefit from technology transfer generated by such trade relations as this increases their Renewable Energy Consumption.
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The Environmental Kuznets Curve: The Role of Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Consumption and Trade Openness
2013Co-Authors: Mehdi Ben Jebli, Slim Ben Youssef, Ilhan OzturkAbstract:We use panel cointegration techniques to investigate the causal relationship between CO2 emissions, Renewable and non-Renewable Energy Consumption, and trade openness in three different models for a panel of twenty five OECD countries over the period 1980-2009. Also the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis has been tested for these countries. Short-run Granger causality tests show the existence of a unidirectional causality running from the square of per capita output to per capita CO2 emissions and per capita non-Renewable Energy Consumption and a unidirectional causality running from per capita real exports to per capita CO2 emissions. There is an indirect short-run causality running from per capita output to per capita non-Renewable Energy Consumption. In the long-run, the FMOLS and DOLS estimates suggest that per capita GDP and per capita non-Renewable Energy Consumption have a positive impact on per capita CO2 emissions. The long-run estimates suggest that the square of per capita GDP, per capita Renewable Energy Consumption, and per capita real exports and imports have a negative impact on per capita CO2 emissions. Therefore, more trade openness and more use of Renewable Energy are efficient strategies to combat global warming.
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The Environmental Kuznets Curve: The Role of Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Consumption and Trade Openness
2013Co-Authors: Mehdi Ben Jebli, Slim Ben Youssef, Ilhan OzturkAbstract:We use panel cointegration techniques to investigate the causal relationship between CO2 emissions, Renewable and non-Renewable Energy Consumption, and trade openness in three different models for a panel of twenty five OECD countries over the period 1980-2009. Also the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis has been tested for these countries. Short-run Granger causality tests show the existence of a unidirectional causality running from the square of per capita output to per capita CO2 emissions and per capita non-Renewable Energy Consumption and a unidirectional causality running from per capita real exports to per capita CO2 emissions. There is an indirect short-run causality running from per capita output to per capita non-Renewable Energy Consumption. In the long-run, the FMOLS and DOLS estimates suggest that per capita GDP and per capita non-Renewable Energy Consumption have a positive impact on per capita CO2 emissions. The long-run estimates suggest that the square of per capita GDP, per capita Renewable Energy Consumption, and per capita real exports and imports have a negative impact on per capita CO2 emissions. Therefore, more trade openness and more use of Renewable Energy are efficient strategies to combat global warming.