Respirometry

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Frederic Thalasso - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Characterization of kinetic parameters and mass transfer resistance in an aerobic fixed-bed reactor by in-situ Respirometry
    Biochemical Engineering Journal, 2019
    Co-Authors: Alberto Ordaz, Manuel Carrión, Rocio Ramirez, Gabriel R. Hernandez-martinez, Frederic Thalasso
    Abstract:

    Abstract An airlift reactor filled with Raschig rings in the downcomer section only was designed to allow for the characterization of biofilm biomass at several superficial liquid velocities. The reactor was inoculated with activated sludge and operated with synthetic wastewater containing acetate. After steady state was reached, the kinetic parameters of the process were determined at each superficial liquid velocity by an in-situ pulse Respirometry method. Subsequently, the biofilm contained in the reactor was disaggregated, resuspended in a mineral medium, and reintroduced in the reactor, without Raschig rings, i.e., a standard airlift reactor. The kinetic parameters of the bioprocess were determined again, by the same Respirometry method. That strategy allowed for the estimation of apparent and intrinsic kinetic parameters; i.e., with and without mass transfer limitation, respectively. Moreover, the method also allowed for the determination of the internal and external effectiveness factors and mass transfer resistances. The results shown that the hydrodynamic conditions had a strong effect on the kinetic parameters but none on the stoichiometric parameters. The external mass transfer accounted for up to 70% of the total mass transfer resistance. It is concluded that Respirometry is a useful tool for the characterization of biofilms, in actual random packing reactors.

  • Pulse Respirometry in Two-Phase Partitioning Bioreactors: Case Study of Terephthalic Acid Biodegradation
    Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Alberto Ordaz, Frederic Thalasso, Guillermo Quijano, Claudio Garibay-orijel
    Abstract:

    Two-phase partitioning bioreactors (TPPBs) are based on the addition of an organic phase, often called vector, to a bioreactor in order to increase mass transfer of oxygen or gaseous substrates from the gaseous phase to the aqueous phase. In TPPBs, like in any other reactor design, the characterization of the bioprocess is often required for design, control, and operation purposes. Pulse Respirometry is a method that allows for microbial processes characterization through the determination of several stoichiometric and kinetic parameters with relatively little experimental effort. Despite its interest and its previous application in countless applications, pulse Respirometry has never been applied in TPPBs. In this work, pulse Respirometry was assessed in a model TPPB degrading terephthalic acid and using Elvax™ as solid vector to enhance oxygen transfer. The results indicated that the addition of 10 to 20 % Elvax increased oxygen transfer by up to 97 %, compared to control with no vector. Pulse Respirometry was successfully applied and allowed for the determination of the growth yield, the substrate affinity constant, and the maximum growth rate, within other. It is concluded that pulse Respirometry is a useful method, not only for the characterization of processes in TPPBs but also for the selection of a vector within several brands commercially available.

  • Comparison of static and dynamic Respirometry for the determination of stoichiometric and kinetic parameters of a nitrifying process
    Biodegradation, 2012
    Co-Authors: Rocio Ramirez-vargas, Alberto Ordaz, Manuel Carrión, I. Y. Hernández-paniagua, Frederic Thalasso
    Abstract:

    Respirometry consists in the measurement of the biological oxygen consumption rate under well-defined conditions and has been used for the characterization of countless biological processes. In the field of biotechnology and applied microbiology, several Respirometry methods are commonly used for the determination of process parameters. Dynamic and static Respirometry, which are based on oxygen measurements with or without continuous aeration, respectively, are the methods most commonly used. Additionally to several Respirometry methods, different methods have also been developed to retrieve process parameters from respirometric data. Among them, methods based on model fitting and methods based on the injection of substrate pulse at increasing concentration are commonly used. An important question is then; what Respirometry and data interpretation methods should be preferably used? So far, and despite a growing interest for Respirometry, relatively little attention has been paid on the comparison between the different methods available. In this work, both static and dynamic Respirometry methods and both interpretation methods; model fitting and pulses of increasing concentration, were compared to characterize an autotrophic nitrification process. A total of 60 Respirometry experiments were done and exhaustively analysed, including sensitivity and error analyses. According to the results obtained, the substrate affinity constant (K S ) was better determined by static Respirometry with pulses of increasing concentration and the maximum oxygen uptake rate (OUR ex.max ) was better determined by dynamic Respirometry coupled to fitting procedure. The best method for combined K S and OUR ex.max determination was static Respirometry with pulses of increasing concentration.

  • Determination of apparent kinetic and stoichiometric parameters in a nitrifying fixed-bed reactor by in situ pulse Respirometry
    Biochemical Engineering Journal, 2011
    Co-Authors: Alberto Ordaz, Manuel Carrión, Catarina S. S. Oliveira, Joel Alba, Frederic Thalasso
    Abstract:

    Abstract The determination of stoichiometric and kinetic parameters of biological processes occurring in fixed-bed reactors is usually achieved through mass balance methods or by the characterization of samples taken from the core of the reactor. Mass balance is time demanding and to obtain representative samples from the core of filter media is often difficult. A fast and non-invasive alternative method might be beneficial. In this paper we explored the potential for using in situ pulse Respirometry in a submerged fixed-bed reactor for assessing biological processes. A nitrifying fixed-bed reactor was operated over 85 days while analyzing the dissolved oxygen response to pulses of ammonium. In situ pulse Respirometry allowed us to determine the apparent maximum oxygen uptake rate and substrate affinity constant. Additionally, the apparent biomass growth yield was determined during the first 60 days. Unfortunately, after day 60, erratic biomass growth yield results were obtained, which we were unable to explain through hydrodynamic characterization of the reactor. However, it is concluded that in situ pulse Respirometry is a potentially useful tool to characterize fixed-bed reactors as an alternative to other methods, such as mass balance.

  • Determination of kinetic and stoichiometric parameters of pseudomonas putida F1 by chemostat and In situ pulse Respirometry
    Chemical Product and Process Modeling, 2009
    Co-Authors: Catarina S. S. Oliveira, Alberto Ordaz, Joel Alba, M. Madalena Alves, Eugénio C. Ferreira, Frederic Thalasso
    Abstract:

    The applicability of pulse Respirometry, for the estimation of kinetic and stoichiometric parameters in pure cultures was evaluated by comparison with traditional chemostat method. Pseudomonas putida F1 was cultured in a continuous stirred tank reactor, using glucose as sole carbon source. The reactor was operated under steady-state with six dilution rates, ranging from 0.06 to 0.35 h-1. Substrate and biomass concentration were measured and used to estimate kinetic and stoichiometric parameters, according to the Monod model. An in situ Respirometry method was also applied to the reactor, with the injection of pulses of glucose from 19 to 97 mg L-1. The respirograms obtained were used to estimate the kinetic and stoichiometric parameters according to ASM1 and ASM3 models. No significance difference was observed between parameters estimated by chemostat and respirometric methods. The glucose affinity constant was from 0.4 to 0.7 mg L-1, the maximum specific growth rate was from varying from 0.14 to 0.20 h-1, and the growth yield was from 0.41 to 0.67. These results confirm that in situ pulse Respirometry is a suitable method for kinetic and stoichiometric parameters estimation.

John R. B. Lighton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The Varieties of Flow Meters
    Measuring Metabolic Rates, 2018
    Co-Authors: John R. B. Lighton
    Abstract:

    This chapter discusses the most frequently used flow meters in Respirometry. These include the volumetric rotameter, which is affected by ambient temperature and barometric pressure; and the mass flow meter, which directly measures the molar quantity of air passing through it, and thus automatically corrects the volume to standard temperature and pressure. The operation and calibration of each type of meter are discussed.

  • Constant Volume and Constant Pressure Respirometry
    Measuring Metabolic Rates, 2018
    Co-Authors: John R. B. Lighton
    Abstract:

    This chapter describes constant pressure (Gilson) and constant volume (Warburg) Respirometry—long-established techniques that are still capable of accurate results. These are useful for measuring the metabolic rates of small organisms, cell cultures, and biochemical preparations. In Gilson Respirometry, oxygen consumption is measured by reducing the volume of a sealed system to maintain a constant pressure. In Warburg Respirometry, oxygen consumption is measured by quantifying the accompanying drop in the pressure of a sealed system, the volume of which is known. The theory and practical details of implementing both techniques are described in detail. Finally, a more modern, computerized alternative to Warburg Respirometry is introduced that can be implemented at low cost.

  • Measuring Metabolic Rates - Flow-through Respirometry: Excurrent Flow Measurement
    Measuring Metabolic Rates, 2018
    Co-Authors: John R. B. Lighton
    Abstract:

    This chapter describes the setup, plumbing, and equations required for applying a Respirometry system wherein the flow rate of the air entering the animal chamber is known. Such systems are usually referred to as push systems, because the air is usually pushed into a sealed respirometer chamber at a known rate, and the concentrations of incurrent and excurrent gases are alternately measured. Setups and equations for oxygen-only, carbon dioxide-only, and combined oxygen and carbon dioxide systems are described. Methods for creating multiple-animal push mode Respirometry systems and for the automatic baselining (that is to say, measuring incurrent gas concentrations) of Respirometry systems are also discussed.

  • Coulometric Respirometry
    Measuring Metabolic Rates, 2018
    Co-Authors: John R. B. Lighton
    Abstract:

    This chapter describes the theory and practical applications of coulometric Respirometry. Coulometric Respirometry is probably the most accurate method for measuring oxygen consumption rates. It is ideal for small animals and has the dual advantages of high sensitivity and the fact that the oxygen in the organism’s environment is not depleted, allowing measurements to continue for long periods in many cases. The technique works by maintaining a constant pressure in a sealed system by electrolytically producing oxygen at the same rate at which an enclosed organism consumes it.

  • Flow-through Respirometry: Excurrent Flow Measurement
    Measuring Metabolic Rates, 2018
    Co-Authors: John R. B. Lighton
    Abstract:

    This chapter describes the setup, plumbing, and equations for implementing a Respirometry system wherein the flow rate of the air leaving the animal chamber is known. Such systems are usually referred to as pull systems, because the air is usually pulled from a chamber or mask at a known rate, and the concentrations of incurrent and excurrent gases are alternately measured. Such systems are often the only practical way of measuring the metabolic rates of large animals. Setups and equations for oxygen-only, carbon dioxide-only, and combined oxygen and carbon dioxide systems are described. Methods for creating multiple-animal pull mode Respirometry systems, for compensating flow rate, and for the automatic baselining (that is to say, measuring incurrent gas concentrations) of Respirometry systems are discussed.

Justin L. Grobe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Alberto Ordaz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Characterization of kinetic parameters and mass transfer resistance in an aerobic fixed-bed reactor by in-situ Respirometry
    Biochemical Engineering Journal, 2019
    Co-Authors: Alberto Ordaz, Manuel Carrión, Rocio Ramirez, Gabriel R. Hernandez-martinez, Frederic Thalasso
    Abstract:

    Abstract An airlift reactor filled with Raschig rings in the downcomer section only was designed to allow for the characterization of biofilm biomass at several superficial liquid velocities. The reactor was inoculated with activated sludge and operated with synthetic wastewater containing acetate. After steady state was reached, the kinetic parameters of the process were determined at each superficial liquid velocity by an in-situ pulse Respirometry method. Subsequently, the biofilm contained in the reactor was disaggregated, resuspended in a mineral medium, and reintroduced in the reactor, without Raschig rings, i.e., a standard airlift reactor. The kinetic parameters of the bioprocess were determined again, by the same Respirometry method. That strategy allowed for the estimation of apparent and intrinsic kinetic parameters; i.e., with and without mass transfer limitation, respectively. Moreover, the method also allowed for the determination of the internal and external effectiveness factors and mass transfer resistances. The results shown that the hydrodynamic conditions had a strong effect on the kinetic parameters but none on the stoichiometric parameters. The external mass transfer accounted for up to 70% of the total mass transfer resistance. It is concluded that Respirometry is a useful tool for the characterization of biofilms, in actual random packing reactors.

  • Pulse Respirometry in Two-Phase Partitioning Bioreactors: Case Study of Terephthalic Acid Biodegradation
    Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Alberto Ordaz, Frederic Thalasso, Guillermo Quijano, Claudio Garibay-orijel
    Abstract:

    Two-phase partitioning bioreactors (TPPBs) are based on the addition of an organic phase, often called vector, to a bioreactor in order to increase mass transfer of oxygen or gaseous substrates from the gaseous phase to the aqueous phase. In TPPBs, like in any other reactor design, the characterization of the bioprocess is often required for design, control, and operation purposes. Pulse Respirometry is a method that allows for microbial processes characterization through the determination of several stoichiometric and kinetic parameters with relatively little experimental effort. Despite its interest and its previous application in countless applications, pulse Respirometry has never been applied in TPPBs. In this work, pulse Respirometry was assessed in a model TPPB degrading terephthalic acid and using Elvax™ as solid vector to enhance oxygen transfer. The results indicated that the addition of 10 to 20 % Elvax increased oxygen transfer by up to 97 %, compared to control with no vector. Pulse Respirometry was successfully applied and allowed for the determination of the growth yield, the substrate affinity constant, and the maximum growth rate, within other. It is concluded that pulse Respirometry is a useful method, not only for the characterization of processes in TPPBs but also for the selection of a vector within several brands commercially available.

  • Comparison of static and dynamic Respirometry for the determination of stoichiometric and kinetic parameters of a nitrifying process
    Biodegradation, 2012
    Co-Authors: Rocio Ramirez-vargas, Alberto Ordaz, Manuel Carrión, I. Y. Hernández-paniagua, Frederic Thalasso
    Abstract:

    Respirometry consists in the measurement of the biological oxygen consumption rate under well-defined conditions and has been used for the characterization of countless biological processes. In the field of biotechnology and applied microbiology, several Respirometry methods are commonly used for the determination of process parameters. Dynamic and static Respirometry, which are based on oxygen measurements with or without continuous aeration, respectively, are the methods most commonly used. Additionally to several Respirometry methods, different methods have also been developed to retrieve process parameters from respirometric data. Among them, methods based on model fitting and methods based on the injection of substrate pulse at increasing concentration are commonly used. An important question is then; what Respirometry and data interpretation methods should be preferably used? So far, and despite a growing interest for Respirometry, relatively little attention has been paid on the comparison between the different methods available. In this work, both static and dynamic Respirometry methods and both interpretation methods; model fitting and pulses of increasing concentration, were compared to characterize an autotrophic nitrification process. A total of 60 Respirometry experiments were done and exhaustively analysed, including sensitivity and error analyses. According to the results obtained, the substrate affinity constant (K S ) was better determined by static Respirometry with pulses of increasing concentration and the maximum oxygen uptake rate (OUR ex.max ) was better determined by dynamic Respirometry coupled to fitting procedure. The best method for combined K S and OUR ex.max determination was static Respirometry with pulses of increasing concentration.

  • Determination of apparent kinetic and stoichiometric parameters in a nitrifying fixed-bed reactor by in situ pulse Respirometry
    Biochemical Engineering Journal, 2011
    Co-Authors: Alberto Ordaz, Manuel Carrión, Catarina S. S. Oliveira, Joel Alba, Frederic Thalasso
    Abstract:

    Abstract The determination of stoichiometric and kinetic parameters of biological processes occurring in fixed-bed reactors is usually achieved through mass balance methods or by the characterization of samples taken from the core of the reactor. Mass balance is time demanding and to obtain representative samples from the core of filter media is often difficult. A fast and non-invasive alternative method might be beneficial. In this paper we explored the potential for using in situ pulse Respirometry in a submerged fixed-bed reactor for assessing biological processes. A nitrifying fixed-bed reactor was operated over 85 days while analyzing the dissolved oxygen response to pulses of ammonium. In situ pulse Respirometry allowed us to determine the apparent maximum oxygen uptake rate and substrate affinity constant. Additionally, the apparent biomass growth yield was determined during the first 60 days. Unfortunately, after day 60, erratic biomass growth yield results were obtained, which we were unable to explain through hydrodynamic characterization of the reactor. However, it is concluded that in situ pulse Respirometry is a potentially useful tool to characterize fixed-bed reactors as an alternative to other methods, such as mass balance.

  • Determination of kinetic and stoichiometric parameters of pseudomonas putida F1 by chemostat and In situ pulse Respirometry
    Chemical Product and Process Modeling, 2009
    Co-Authors: Catarina S. S. Oliveira, Alberto Ordaz, Joel Alba, M. Madalena Alves, Eugénio C. Ferreira, Frederic Thalasso
    Abstract:

    The applicability of pulse Respirometry, for the estimation of kinetic and stoichiometric parameters in pure cultures was evaluated by comparison with traditional chemostat method. Pseudomonas putida F1 was cultured in a continuous stirred tank reactor, using glucose as sole carbon source. The reactor was operated under steady-state with six dilution rates, ranging from 0.06 to 0.35 h-1. Substrate and biomass concentration were measured and used to estimate kinetic and stoichiometric parameters, according to the Monod model. An in situ Respirometry method was also applied to the reactor, with the injection of pulses of glucose from 19 to 97 mg L-1. The respirograms obtained were used to estimate the kinetic and stoichiometric parameters according to ASM1 and ASM3 models. No significance difference was observed between parameters estimated by chemostat and respirometric methods. The glucose affinity constant was from 0.4 to 0.7 mg L-1, the maximum specific growth rate was from varying from 0.14 to 0.20 h-1, and the growth yield was from 0.41 to 0.67. These results confirm that in situ pulse Respirometry is a suitable method for kinetic and stoichiometric parameters estimation.

Colin M.l. Burnett - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

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