The Experts below are selected from a list of 2559 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Marla B Luskin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
p27kip1 regulates neurogenesis in the Rostral Migratory Stream and olfactory bulb of the postnatal mouse
The Journal of Neuroscience, 2009Co-Authors: Xuekun Li, Xiaobing Tang, Beata Jablonska, Adan Aguirre, Vittorio Gallo, Marla B LuskinAbstract:Neuronal progenitor cells of the anterior subventricular zone (SVZa) migrate along the Rostral Migratory Stream (RMS) to the olfactory bulb, where they exit the cell cycle and differentiate. The molecular mechanisms that regulate SVZa progenitor proliferation and cell-cycle exit are largely undefined. We investigated the role of p27KIP1 in regulating cell proliferation and survival in the RMS and olfactory bulb between postnatal day 1 (P1) and P14, the peak period of olfactory bulb neuron generation. A large proportion of cells in the RMS and the olfactory bulb express cytoplasmic p27KIP1, but a small percentage display high nuclear p27KIP1 immunostaining, which exhibit a caudallow–Rostralhigh gradient: lowest in the SVZa and highest in the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb. p27KIP1 is also present in the nucleus and/or the cytoplasm of neuron-specific type III β-tubulin(+) cells. Cells with strong nuclear p27KIP1 expression are BrdU(−) and Ki67(−). The percentage of BrdU(+) cells in the SVZa, RMS, and olfactory bulb is higher in p27KIP1 null than wild-type (WT) mice at all ages analyzed. Consistent with these findings, p27KIP1 overexpression in cultured p27KIP1 null and WT SVZ cells reduced cell proliferation and self-renewal. Finally, in p27KIP1 null mice, the diameter of the horizontal limb of the RMS is larger than in WT mice, and development of the olfactory bulb granule cell layer is delayed, together with increased apoptotic cell density. Our results indicate that in the postnatal brain, p27KIP1 regulates the proliferation and survival of neuronal cells in the RMS and olfactory bulb.
-
prenatal development of the rodent Rostral Migratory Stream
The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 2003Co-Authors: Viorica Pencea, Marla B LuskinAbstract:The aim of this study was to elucidate the embryological origins of the unique neuronal progenitor cells that form the Rostral Migratory Stream (RMS), the path traversed by cells from the anterior part of the forebrain subventricular zone (SVZa) en route to the olfactory bulb. To determine when and where cells constituting the RMS initially exhibit their characteristic neuronal phenotype and high mitotic capacity, we analyzed the cells of the rat forebrain between embryonic day 14 (E14) and postnatal day 2 (P2). At E14, cells with a neuronal phenotype were observed within the ventricular zone in close proximity to the mantle layer of the future olfactory bulb. By E15, cells expressing neuronal markers are also PSA-NCAM immunoreactive and become aligned in chains of similarly oriented cells, a hallmark of the postnatal RMS. The cells that form chains organize into a patch that enlarges in the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral dimensions from E16 to E22 (birth). In comparing the forebrain cytoarchitecture to the pattern of cell type-specific staining, the patch constitutes only the central part of the proximal RMS. Early during development, the region of the RMS surrounding the patch expresses low levels of PSA-NCAM and neuron-specific markers. The proliferative activity of cells forming the patch vs. nonpatch regions of the RMS was analyzed following a short bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) exposure. Between E15 and E22, the patch can be recognized by the mitotic activity of its cells; the cells of the patch incorporate less BrdU than the nonpatch portion of the RMS. The time course of appearance of cells forming the RMS indicates that the RMS arises in advance and independently of the cortical SVZ. Although the patch and the nonpatch regions of the embryonic RMS appear to merge postnatally, the two regions may originate separately under the influence of distinct intrinsic and extrinsic factors. J. Comp. Neurol. 463:402–418, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
-
intrinsic and extrinsic regulation of the proliferation and differentiation of cells in the rodent Rostral Migratory Stream
Journal of Neuroscience Research, 2002Co-Authors: Volkan Coskun, Marla B LuskinAbstract:As a rule, most neural progenitor cells of the developing CNS become postmitotic before they initiate differentiation and undergo migration to their final destination. It is now well recognized, however, that the cells in a defined region of the mammalian postnatal forebrain subventricular zone (SVZ) constitute an exception to this generalization (Luskin, 1993; Pencea et al., 2001). The unique progenitor cells, referred to as SVZa cells, are located in a restricted portion of the SVZ surrounding the anterior part of the lateral ventricles of the forebrain (Fig. 1A; Luskin, 1993; Luskin et al., 1997). The SVZa is contiguous with a band of cells, the Rostral Migratory Stream (RMS), which extends into the middle of the olfactory bulb. The cells of the RMS, and in particular the SVZa, are highly proliferative, as judged by their incorporation of the cell proliferation markers 3H-thymidine (Altman and Das, 1965) and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU; Menezes et al., 1995). An unusual aspect of the SVZa-derived progenitor cells in the RMS is that they retain their capacity to divide as they migrate. Furthermore, the proliferating SVZa-derived cells possess a neuronal phenotype both immunohistochemically (Menezes et al., 1995) and functionally (Stewart et al., 1999), which defines them as true neuroblasts. The SVZa neuronal progenitor cells ultimately give rise to postmitotic neurons within the granule cell and glomerular layers of the olfactory bulb. A focus of our research is to understand what allows cells with a neuronal phenotype to sustain the capacity for cell division. Fig. 1 Comparison between the distribution of mitotically active cells and the expression pattern of the cell cycle inhibitor p19INK4d along the pathway traversed by SVZa-derived neuronal progenitor cells destined for the neonatal olfactory bulb. A: Diagram ... To understand better the unique ability of SVZa neuronal progenitor cells to divide, members of our laboratory have been investigating the mechanisms that underlie their proliferation and differentiation. This Mini-Review addresses three main questions: 1) Do SVZa neuronal progenitor cells regulate their mitotic cycle differently from other neural progenitor cells, and can this potentially account for their ability to undergo successive rounds of cell division as they migrate, despite their expression of a neuronal phenotype? 2) What are some of the extracellular factors that influence the proliferation and differentiation of SVZa neuronal progenitor cells? We have been examining the effects of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) because of the pivotal role they play in cell fate decisions elsewhere in the nervous system. 3) Do the actions of BMPs on the cell cycle machinery regulate the proliferation and differentiation of SVZa neuronal progenitor cells? As is discussed below, answers to these questions have led us to conclude that the proliferation and differentiation of SVZa cells are regulated by both extrinsic and intrinsic factors in a manner different from regulation of other progenitor cells of the forebrain.
-
neurogenesis in the subventricular zone and Rostral Migratory Stream of the neonatal and adult primate forebrain
Experimental Neurology, 2001Co-Authors: Viorica Pencea, Kimberly D Bingaman, Lorin J Freedman, Marla B LuskinAbstract:Abstract Throughout life, the anterior part of the postnatal rodent subventricular zone (SVZa), surrounding the lateral ventricles, contains a prolific source of neuronal progenitor cells that retain their capacity to concurrently generate neurons and migrate along the Rostral Migratory Stream (RMS) to the olfactory bulb, where they differentiate into interneurons. This study was designed to determine whether the SVZ and RMS of the postnatal primate also harbor a specialized population of neuronal progenitors with the capacity to divide while they migrate. In order to reveal the spatial–temporal changes in the distribution and composition of the neuronal progenitor cells in the primate SVZ and RMS, seven rhesus monkeys, ranging in age from 2 days to 8 years, were given a single injection of the cell proliferation marker bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) 3 h before they were perfused. The phenotypic identity of the BrdU(+) cells was revealed by double labeling sagittal sections with cell type-specific markers. From birth onward the distribution of BrdU(+) cells with a neuronal phenotype is extensive and largely overlapping with that of the rodent. Similar to the rodent brain the neuronal progenitors are most numerous in neonates. The BrdU(+) neurons in the primate forebrain extend lateral and ventral to the lateral ventricle and all along the RMS. The cytoarchitectonic arrangement and appearance of the neuronal progenitor cells is quite varied in the primate compared to the rodent; in some locations the cells are aligned in parallel arrays resembling the neuronal chains of the adult rodent RMS, whereas in other positions the cells have a homogeneous “honeycomb” arrangement. The chains are progressively more pervasive in older primates. Akin to the RMS of adult rodents, in the primate SVZ and RMS the astrocytes often form long tubes enveloping the chains of neuronal progenitors. Our study demonstrates that the primate forebrain, similar to the rodent forebrain, harbors a specialized population of mitotically active neuronal progenitor cells that undergo extensive rearrangements while continuing to proliferate throughout life.
-
increased number of brdu labeled neurons in the Rostral Migratory Stream of the estrous prairie vole
Hormones and Behavior, 2001Co-Authors: Matthew T Smith, Marla B Luskin, Viorica Pencea, Zouxin Wang, Thomas R InselAbstract:In the mammalian forebrain, most neurons originate from proliferating cells in the ventricular zone lining the lateral ventricles, including a discrete area of the subventricular zone in which neurogenesis continues into adulthood. The majority of the cells generated in the anterior portion of the subventricular zone (SVZa) are neuronal precursors with progeny that migrate to the olfactory bulb (OB) along a pathway known as the Rostral Migratory Stream (RMS). The list of factors that influence the proliferation and survival of neurons in the adult brain remains incomplete, but previous studies have implicated neurotrophins in mammals and estrogen in birds. This study examined the effect of estrus induction on the proliferation of SVZa neurons in female prairie voles. Prairie voles, unlike many other rodents, are induced into estrus by chemosensory cues from a male. This olfactory-mediated process results in an increase in serum estrogen levels and the consequent induction of behavioral estrus (sexual receptivity). Female prairie voles induced into estrus by male exposure had a 92% increase in BrdU-labeled cells in the SVZa compared to females exposed to a female. Double-label immunocytochemical studies demonstrated that 80% of the BrdU-labeled cells in the RMS displayed a neuronal phenotype. Ovariectomized females exposed to a male did not show an increase in serum estrogen or BrdU labeling in the RMS. Conversely, ovariectomized females injected with estrogen were sexually receptive and had more BrdU-labeled cells in the RMS than oil-injected females. These data suggest that, in female prairie voles, estrus induction is associated with increased numbers of dividing cells in the RMS, possibly via an estrogen-mediated process.
Marcela Martoncikova - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
astrocytic and vascular scaffolding for neuroblast migration in the Rostral Migratory Stream
Current Neurovascular Research, 2014Co-Authors: Marcela Martoncikova, Juraj Blasko, Viera Almasiova, Kamila Fabianova, Andrea Schreiberova, Eniko RacekovaAbstract:New neurons are continuously being added to the olfactory bulb (OB) of adult rodents that are generated in the subventricular zone (SVZ), distant by a few millimeters. Neuronal precursors have to overcome this long distance without the radial-glial Migratory scaffold, in contrast to migration mode during embryonic development. The previous model explains migration of precursors from the SVZ through the Rostral Migratory Stream (RMS) to the OB as a movement of neuroblasts along each other, ensheathed by astroglial tubes. Recent results indicate that blood vessels are suitable candidates for neuronal migration guidance in the RMS. These novel findings have changed the former concept accounting for neuronal precursor migration. The aim of our study was to map a pattern of vascularization in the RMS of adult rats and to investigate mutual relations among blood vessels, neuroblasts and astrocytes in this area. Detailed morphological analysis revealed that blood vessels in the RMS are organized in a specific manner. In most of the RMS extent, blood vessels run parallel to the outline of the Migratory pathway. Interestingly, the caudal part of the RMS has a unique vasculature organization in which blood vessels create a spiral-like configuration. Chains of neuroblasts enveloped by astrocytes largely align along blood vessels. The exception is the caudal part of the RMS where neuroblasts do not follow non – parallel blood vessels. Our morphological findings suggest that blood vessels and astrocytes may cooperatively form physical substrate - scaffold for the neuroblasts migration in the RMS of adult rats.
-
delayed maturation and altered proliferation within the rat Rostral Migratory Stream following maternal deprivation
European Journal of Histochemistry, 2011Co-Authors: Kamila Lievajova, Marcela Martoncikova, Juraj Blasko, V Cigankova, E. RacekovaAbstract:The objective of this study was to investigate whether stressful experience during early postnatal period may influence morphological characteristics of the rat neurogenic pathway – the Rostral Migratory Stream (RMS) and proliferation of neuronal precursors in three successive areas of the RMS: in the vertical arm, the elbow and the horizontal arm. To induce stress, the pups were subjected to repeated maternal deprivation during the first postnatal week after birth. Brains were analyzed at the seventh postnatal day. The controls matched the age of maternally deprived animals. Observation of hematoxylin-eosin stained sections showed that maternal deprivation did not affect the general morphological appearance of the RMS. The shape of the RMS of maternally deprived rats resembles the RMS of control animals. Maternal deprivation caused slight, not significant increase in the RMS thickness in comparison with control rats. Significant difference between the control and maternally deprived rats concerns the olfactory ventricle. While in seven days old control rats the olfactory ventricle is completely closed, in maternally deprived rats of the same age the olfactory ventricle was regularly visible as a narrow lumen at the axis of the RMS horizontal arm. This finding indicates delayed maturation of the Migratory pathway as a consequence of stress. Proliferation activity has been assessed by immunoreactivity of the endogenous cell cycle protein Ki-67. The results of Ki-67 immunohistochemistry showed that seven days' maternal separation for 3 h daily induces significant quantitative changes in the number of proliferating cells within the RMS. The response of Ki-67-positive cells to stress differed in individual part of the RMS, with a marked decrease in the vertical arm and a significant increase in the elbow, suggesting heterogeneity of neural stem cells along the RMS; while in the RMS vertical arm the number of dividing cells significantly decreased, there was a marked increase of Ki-67-positive cells in the RMS elbow. This suggests heterogeneity of neural stem cells along the RMS.
-
odor enrichment influences neurogenesis in the Rostral Migratory Stream of young rats
Acta Histochemica, 2011Co-Authors: Marcela Martoncikova, Kamila Lievajova, Judita Orendacova, Juraj Blasko, Enikő RacekovaAbstract:Abstract The olfactory bulb is one of a few brain structures characterized by high plasticity due to the fact that new neurons are continually integrated into the olfactory bulb circuit throughout life. The new cells originate from the subventricular zone of the forebrain and migrate through the Rostral Migratory Stream (RMS) to the olfactory bulb that also represents the first synaptic relay of the olfactory system. Data accumulating in recent years have confirmed that sensory inputs can influence the level of postnatal neurogenesis in the olfactory bulb. In this study, we studied neurogenesis in the Rostral Migratory Stream of Wistar albino rat pups after exposure to an odor-enriched environment. The rats were olfactory stimulated twice daily with different odorants from the day of their birth up to 1, 2 or 3 weeks, respectively. Using bromodeoxyuridine, a marker of cell proliferation, we found an increased number of proliferating cells in the Rostral Migratory Stream of rat pups submitted to olfactory stimulation. Conversely, the number of dying cells, labeled with the fluorescent dye Fluoro Jade-C, was down-regulated in groups of rats exposed to an odor-enriched environment.
-
early stress affects neurogenesis in the rat Rostral Migratory Stream
Central European Journal of Biology, 2010Co-Authors: Kamila Lievajova, Marcela Martoncikova, Judita Orendacova, Juraj Blasko, Viera Almasiova, Enikő RacekovaAbstract:Stressful experience during the early postnatal period may influence processes associated with neurogenesis (i.e. proliferation, cell death, appearance of astrocytes or cell differentiation) in the neonatal rat Rostral Migratory Stream (RMS). To induce stress, pups were subjected to maternal deprivation daily for three hours, starting from the first postnatal day till the seventh postnatal day. Immunohistochemical methods were used to visualize proliferating cells and astrocytes; dying cells and nitrergic cells were visualized using histochemical staining. Quantitative analysis showed that maternal deprivation decreased the number of proliferating cells and significantly increased the number of dying cells in the RMS. Maternal deprivation did not influence the appearance of astrocytes in the RMS, but caused premature differentiation of nitrergic cells. In control rats, nitrergic cells can be observed in the RMS as early as the tenth postnatal day. In maternally deprived pups, these cells were detected as early as the seventh postnatal day. The observed earlier appearance of nitrergic cells in the RMS was associated with altered proliferation and increased cell dying and this observation supports the hypothesis that nitric oxide has an anti-proliferative role in the RMS. Our study demonstrates that maternal deprivation represents a stressful condition with a profound impact on early postnatal neurogenesis.
-
maternal separation induced alterations of neurogenesis in the rat Rostral Migratory Stream
Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, 2009Co-Authors: Enikő Racekova, Marcela Martoncikova, Kamila Lievajova, Viera Almasiova, Jan Danko, Slavka Flesarova, Judita OrendacovaAbstract:1. The aim of our study was to investigate the possibility that maternal separation, an experimental model for studies of early environmental influences, has an effect on postnatal neurogenesis in neurogenic pathway—the Rostral Migratory Stream (RMS). 2. Rat pups were subjected to maternal separation daily for 3 h, starting from the first postnatal day (P1) till P14 or P21. In the first two groups, brains were analyzed at the age of P14 and P21, respectively. In the third group, after 3 weeks of maternal separation, 1 week of normal rearing was allowed, and the brains were analyzed at P28. The controls matched the age of maternally separated animals. Dividing cells were labeled by bromodeoxyuridine; dying cells were visualized by Fluoro-Jade C and nitric oxide (NO) producing cells by NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry. 3. Quantitative analysis of proliferating cells in the RMS showed that maternal separation decreased the number of dividing cells in all experimental groups. This decrease was most prominent in the caudal part of the RMS. The amount of dying cells was increased at the end of 3 weeks of maternal separation as well as 1 week later. The number of differentiated nitrergic cells in the RMS was increased at the end of 2 or 3 weeks of maternal separation, respectively. Besides quantitative changes, maternally separated animals showed an accelerated maturation of nitrergic cells. 4. Our results indicate that an exposure of rats to adverse environmental factors in early postnatal periods may induce acute site-specific changes in the RMS neurogenesis.
Judita Orendacova - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
odor enrichment influences neurogenesis in the Rostral Migratory Stream of young rats
Acta Histochemica, 2011Co-Authors: Marcela Martoncikova, Kamila Lievajova, Judita Orendacova, Juraj Blasko, Enikő RacekovaAbstract:Abstract The olfactory bulb is one of a few brain structures characterized by high plasticity due to the fact that new neurons are continually integrated into the olfactory bulb circuit throughout life. The new cells originate from the subventricular zone of the forebrain and migrate through the Rostral Migratory Stream (RMS) to the olfactory bulb that also represents the first synaptic relay of the olfactory system. Data accumulating in recent years have confirmed that sensory inputs can influence the level of postnatal neurogenesis in the olfactory bulb. In this study, we studied neurogenesis in the Rostral Migratory Stream of Wistar albino rat pups after exposure to an odor-enriched environment. The rats were olfactory stimulated twice daily with different odorants from the day of their birth up to 1, 2 or 3 weeks, respectively. Using bromodeoxyuridine, a marker of cell proliferation, we found an increased number of proliferating cells in the Rostral Migratory Stream of rat pups submitted to olfactory stimulation. Conversely, the number of dying cells, labeled with the fluorescent dye Fluoro Jade-C, was down-regulated in groups of rats exposed to an odor-enriched environment.
-
early stress affects neurogenesis in the rat Rostral Migratory Stream
Central European Journal of Biology, 2010Co-Authors: Kamila Lievajova, Marcela Martoncikova, Judita Orendacova, Juraj Blasko, Viera Almasiova, Enikő RacekovaAbstract:Stressful experience during the early postnatal period may influence processes associated with neurogenesis (i.e. proliferation, cell death, appearance of astrocytes or cell differentiation) in the neonatal rat Rostral Migratory Stream (RMS). To induce stress, pups were subjected to maternal deprivation daily for three hours, starting from the first postnatal day till the seventh postnatal day. Immunohistochemical methods were used to visualize proliferating cells and astrocytes; dying cells and nitrergic cells were visualized using histochemical staining. Quantitative analysis showed that maternal deprivation decreased the number of proliferating cells and significantly increased the number of dying cells in the RMS. Maternal deprivation did not influence the appearance of astrocytes in the RMS, but caused premature differentiation of nitrergic cells. In control rats, nitrergic cells can be observed in the RMS as early as the tenth postnatal day. In maternally deprived pups, these cells were detected as early as the seventh postnatal day. The observed earlier appearance of nitrergic cells in the RMS was associated with altered proliferation and increased cell dying and this observation supports the hypothesis that nitric oxide has an anti-proliferative role in the RMS. Our study demonstrates that maternal deprivation represents a stressful condition with a profound impact on early postnatal neurogenesis.
-
maternal separation induced alterations of neurogenesis in the rat Rostral Migratory Stream
Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, 2009Co-Authors: Enikő Racekova, Marcela Martoncikova, Kamila Lievajova, Viera Almasiova, Jan Danko, Slavka Flesarova, Judita OrendacovaAbstract:1. The aim of our study was to investigate the possibility that maternal separation, an experimental model for studies of early environmental influences, has an effect on postnatal neurogenesis in neurogenic pathway—the Rostral Migratory Stream (RMS). 2. Rat pups were subjected to maternal separation daily for 3 h, starting from the first postnatal day (P1) till P14 or P21. In the first two groups, brains were analyzed at the age of P14 and P21, respectively. In the third group, after 3 weeks of maternal separation, 1 week of normal rearing was allowed, and the brains were analyzed at P28. The controls matched the age of maternally separated animals. Dividing cells were labeled by bromodeoxyuridine; dying cells were visualized by Fluoro-Jade C and nitric oxide (NO) producing cells by NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry. 3. Quantitative analysis of proliferating cells in the RMS showed that maternal separation decreased the number of dividing cells in all experimental groups. This decrease was most prominent in the caudal part of the RMS. The amount of dying cells was increased at the end of 3 weeks of maternal separation as well as 1 week later. The number of differentiated nitrergic cells in the RMS was increased at the end of 2 or 3 weeks of maternal separation, respectively. Besides quantitative changes, maternally separated animals showed an accelerated maturation of nitrergic cells. 4. Our results indicate that an exposure of rats to adverse environmental factors in early postnatal periods may induce acute site-specific changes in the RMS neurogenesis.
-
the number of proliferating cells in the Rostral Migratory Stream of rat during the first postnatal month
Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, 2006Co-Authors: Marcela Martoncikova, Enikő Racekova, Judita OrendacovaAbstract:The objective of this study was to analyze neurogenesis in the rat Rostral Migratory Stream (RMS) during the first postnatal month. 1. During the early postnatal development some morphological changes, concerning the RMS thickness, shape, and the olfactory ventricle persistence at P0 were observed. 2. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) immunohistochemistry and subsequent quantification of proliferating cells showed significant age-dependent changes. The highest number of proliferating cells was found at P3 and significant decrease of BrdU-positive cells at P7 rats. At P28, the number of proliferating cells reached the level of P0 rats.
-
age related changes of nadph diaphorase positivity in the rat Rostral Migratory Stream
Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, 2005Co-Authors: Eniko Racekova, Marcela Martoncikova, Barbora Mitruskova, Dasa Cizkova, Judita OrendacovaAbstract:Accumulating evidence confirms that nitric oxide (NO), a versatile diffusible signaling molecule, contributes to controling of adult neurogenesis. We have previously shown the timing of NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) positivity within the rat Rostral Migratory Stream (RMS) during the first postnatal month. The present study was designed to describe further age-related changes of NO presence in this neurogenic region. The presence of NO synthesizing cells in the RMS was shown by NADPH-d histochemistry and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) immunohistochemistry. The phenotypic identity of nitrergic cells was examined by double labeling with GFAP and NeuN. Systematic qualitative and quantitative analysis of NADPH-d-positive cells was performed in the neonatal (P14), adult(5 months) and aging (20 months) rat RMS.
Eniko Racekova - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
astrocytic and vascular scaffolding for neuroblast migration in the Rostral Migratory Stream
Current Neurovascular Research, 2014Co-Authors: Marcela Martoncikova, Juraj Blasko, Viera Almasiova, Kamila Fabianova, Andrea Schreiberova, Eniko RacekovaAbstract:New neurons are continuously being added to the olfactory bulb (OB) of adult rodents that are generated in the subventricular zone (SVZ), distant by a few millimeters. Neuronal precursors have to overcome this long distance without the radial-glial Migratory scaffold, in contrast to migration mode during embryonic development. The previous model explains migration of precursors from the SVZ through the Rostral Migratory Stream (RMS) to the OB as a movement of neuroblasts along each other, ensheathed by astroglial tubes. Recent results indicate that blood vessels are suitable candidates for neuronal migration guidance in the RMS. These novel findings have changed the former concept accounting for neuronal precursor migration. The aim of our study was to map a pattern of vascularization in the RMS of adult rats and to investigate mutual relations among blood vessels, neuroblasts and astrocytes in this area. Detailed morphological analysis revealed that blood vessels in the RMS are organized in a specific manner. In most of the RMS extent, blood vessels run parallel to the outline of the Migratory pathway. Interestingly, the caudal part of the RMS has a unique vasculature organization in which blood vessels create a spiral-like configuration. Chains of neuroblasts enveloped by astrocytes largely align along blood vessels. The exception is the caudal part of the RMS where neuroblasts do not follow non – parallel blood vessels. Our morphological findings suggest that blood vessels and astrocytes may cooperatively form physical substrate - scaffold for the neuroblasts migration in the RMS of adult rats.
-
cell proliferation in the adult rat Rostral Migratory Stream following exposure to gamma irradiation
Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, 2006Co-Authors: Soňa Balentova, Marcela Martoncikova, Eniko Racekova, Eva MisurovaAbstract:One of the few areas of the adult CNS, that are known to be competent for neuronal proliferation, is the subventricular zone (SVZ) lining the brain lateral ventricles. Cells proliferating in the SVZ migrate along a defined pathway, the Rostral Migratory Stream (RMS), where their proliferation continues until reaching the olfactory bulb.
-
age related changes of nadph diaphorase positivity in the rat Rostral Migratory Stream
Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, 2005Co-Authors: Eniko Racekova, Marcela Martoncikova, Barbora Mitruskova, Dasa Cizkova, Judita OrendacovaAbstract:Accumulating evidence confirms that nitric oxide (NO), a versatile diffusible signaling molecule, contributes to controling of adult neurogenesis. We have previously shown the timing of NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) positivity within the rat Rostral Migratory Stream (RMS) during the first postnatal month. The present study was designed to describe further age-related changes of NO presence in this neurogenic region. The presence of NO synthesizing cells in the RMS was shown by NADPH-d histochemistry and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) immunohistochemistry. The phenotypic identity of nitrergic cells was examined by double labeling with GFAP and NeuN. Systematic qualitative and quantitative analysis of NADPH-d-positive cells was performed in the neonatal (P14), adult(5 months) and aging (20 months) rat RMS.
-
Age-Related Changes of NADPH-Diaphorase Positivity in the Rat Rostral Migratory Stream
Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, 2005Co-Authors: Eniko Racekova, Marcela Martoncikova, Barbora Mitruskova, Dáša Čížková, Judita OrendacovaAbstract:Accumulating evidence confirms that nitric oxide (NO), a versatile diffusible signaling molecule, contributes to controling of adult neurogenesis. We have previously shown the timing of NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) positivity within the rat Rostral Migratory Stream (RMS) during the first postnatal month. The present study was designed to describe further age-related changes of NO presence in this neurogenic region. The presence of NO synthesizing cells in the RMS was shown by NADPH-d histochemistry and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) immunohistochemistry. The phenotypic identity of nitrergic cells was examined by double labeling with GFAP and NeuN. Systematic qualitative and quantitative analysis of NADPH-d-positive cells was performed in the neonatal (P14), adult(5 months) and aging (20 months) rat RMS. 1. Nitrergic cells with different distribution pattern and morphological characteristics were present in the RMS at all ages examined. In neonatal animals, small, moderately stained NADPH-d-positive cells were identified in the RMS vertical arm and in the RMS elbow. In adult and aging rats a few labeled cells could be also detected in the RMS horizontal arm. NADPH-d-positive cells in adult and aging rats were characterized by long varicose processes and displayed dark labeling in comparison to the neonatal group. 2. Double immunolabeling has revealed that nNOS-immunoreactivity co-localized with that of NeuN. This indicates that nitrergic cells within the RMS are neurons. 3. Quantitative analysis showed that the number of NADPH-d-positive cells increases with advancing age. The presence of NO producing cells in the RMS of neonatal adult and aging rats indicates, that this proliferating and Migratory area is under the influence of NO throughout the entire life of the animals.
-
nadph diaphorase positivity in the Rostral Migratory Stream of the developing rat
Developmental Brain Research, 2003Co-Authors: Eniko Racekova, Marcela Martoncikova, Judita Orendacova, Ivo VanickýAbstract:The NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemical technique is commonly used to localize the nitric oxide (NO)-producing enzyme NO synthase (NOS) in neural tissues. In this study, we have used NADPH-d histochemistry to examine the spatio-temporal appearance of nitrergic cells in the rat Rostral Migratory Stream (RMS) during postnatal development. The presence of NADPH-d-positive cells was evident from postnatal day 10.
Maurice A Curtis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
selective expression of hyaluronan and receptor for hyaluronan mediated motility rhamm in the adult mouse subventricular zone and Rostral Migratory Stream and in ischemic cortex
Brain Research, 2013Co-Authors: Charlotta Lindwall, Maurice A Curtis, Martina Barnevik Olsson, Ahmed M Osman, Georg H KuhnAbstract:Abstract Hyaluronan is a large glycosaminoglycan, which is abundant in the extracellular matrix of the developing rodent brain. In the adult brain however, levels of hyaluronan are significantly reduced. In this study, we used neurocan-GFP as a histochemical probe to analyze the distribution of hyaluronan in the adult mouse subventricular zone (SVZ), as well as in the Rostral Migratory Stream (RMS). Interestingly, we observed that hyaluronan is generally downregulated in the adult brain, but notably remains at high levels in the SVZ and RMS; areas in which neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) persist, proliferate and migrate throughout life. In addition, we found that the receptor for hyaluronan-mediated motility (Rhamm) was expressed in migrating neuroblasts in these areas, indicating that Rhamm could be involved in regulating hyaluronan-mediated cell migration. Hyaluronan levels are balanced by synthesis through hyaluronan synthases (Has) and degradation by hyaluronidases (Hyal). We found that Has1 and Has2, as well as Hyal1 and Hyal2 were expressed in GFAP positive cells in the adult rodent SVZ and RMS, indicating that astrocytes could be regulating hyaluronan-mediated functions in these areas. We also demonstrate that hyaluronan levels are substantially increased at six weeks following a photothrombotic stroke lesion to the adult mouse cortex. Furthermore, GFAP positive cells in the peri-infarct area express Rhamm. Thus, hyaluronan may be involved in regulating cell migration in the normal SVZ and RMS and could also be responsible for priming the peri-infarct area following an ischemic lesion for cell migration.
-
expression of ezrin radixin moesin proteins in the adult subventricular zone and the Rostral Migratory Stream
Neuroscience, 2010Co-Authors: A Persson, Maurice A Curtis, Charlotta Lindwall, Hans Georg KuhnAbstract:Abstract Continuous proliferation occurs in the adult subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles throughout life. In the SVZ, progenitor cells differentiate into neuroblasts, which migrate tangentially along the Rostral Migratory Stream (RMS) to reach their final destination in the olfactory bulb. These progenitor cells mature and integrate into the existing neural network of the olfactory bulb. Long distance migration of neuroblasts in the RMS requires a highly dynamic cytoskeleton with the ability to respond to surrounding stimuli. Radixin is a member of the ERM (Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin) family, which connect the actin cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix through transmembrane proteins. The membrane-cytoskeleton linker proteins of the ERM family may regulate cellular events with a high demand on cytoskeleton plasticity, such as cell motility. Recently, specific expression of the ERM protein ezrin was shown in the RMS. Radixin however has not been characterized in this region. Here we used immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy to examine the expression of radixin in the different cell types of the adult subventricular zone niche and in the RMS. Our findings indicate that radixin is strongly expressed in neuroblasts of the adult RMS and subventricular zone, and also in Olig2-positive cells. We also demonstrate the presence of radixin in the cerebral cortex, striatum, cerebellum, thalamus, hippocampus as well as the granular and periglomerular layers of the olfactory bulb. Our studies also reveal the localization of radixin in neurosphere culture studies and we reveal the specificity of our labeling using Western blotting. The expression pattern demonstrated here suggests a role for radixin in neuronal migration and differentiation in the adult RMS. Understanding how adult neuronal migration is regulated is of importance for the development of new therapeutic interventions using endogenous repair for neurodegenerative diseases.
-
the cellular composition and morphological organization of the Rostral Migratory Stream in the adult human brain
Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy, 2009Co-Authors: Maurice A Curtis, Susan R Mcglashan, Bronwen Connor, Ulf Nannmark, Richard L M FaullAbstract:Abstract The Rostral Migratory Stream (RMS) is the major pathway by which progenitor cells migrate from the subventricular zone (SVZ) to the olfactory bulb (OB) in rodents, rabbits and primates. However, the existence of an RMS within the adult human brain has been elusive. Immunohistochemical studies utilising cell-type specific markers for early progenitor cells (CD133), proliferating cells (PCNA), astrocytes and type B cells (GFAP) and migrating neuroblasts (PSA-NCAM), reveal that the adult human RMS is organized into layers containing glial cells, proliferating cells and neuroblasts. In addition, the RMS is arranged around a remnant of the ventricular cavity that extends from the SVZ to the OB as seen by immunohistological staining analysis and electron microscopy, showing the presence of basal bodies and a typical 9 + 2 arrangement of tubulin in tufts of cilia from all levels of the RMS. Overall, these findings suggest that a pathway of Migratory progenitor cells similar to that seen in other mammals is present within the adult human brain and that this pathway could provide for neurogenesis in the human forebrain. These findings contribute to the scientific understanding of adult neurogenesis and establish the detailed cytoarchitecture of this novel neurogenic niche in the human brain.
-
the Rostral Migratory Stream and olfactory system smell disease and slippery cells
Progress in Brain Research, 2009Co-Authors: Maurice A Curtis, Hector J Monzo, Richard L M FaullAbstract:Abstract In the mammalian brain, olfaction is an important sense that is used to detect odors of different kinds that can warn of off food, to produce a mothering instinct in a flock or group of animals, and to warn of danger such as fire or poison. The olfactory system is made up of a long-distance Rostral Migratory Stream that arises from the subventricular zone in the wall of the lateral ventricle, mainly comprises neuroblasts, and stretches all the way through the basal forebrain to terminate in the olfactory bulb. The olfactory bulb receives a constant supply of new neurons that allow ongoing integration of new and different smells, and these are integrated into either the granule cell layer or the periglomerular layer. The continuous turnover of neurons in the olfactory bulb allows us to study the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of neurons and their application in therapies for neurodegenerative diseases. In this chapter, we will examine the notion that the olfactory system might be the route of entry for factors that cause or contribute to neurodegeneration in the central nervous system. We will also discuss the enzymes that may be involved in the addition of polysialic acid to neural cell adhesion molecule, which is vital for allowing the neuroblasts to move through the Rostral Migratory Stream. Finally, we will discuss a possible role of endosialidases for removing polysialic acid from neural cell adhesion molecules, which causes neuroblasts to stop migrating and terminally differentiate into olfactory bulb interneurons
