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Henrik H Ehrsson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sustained Rubber Hand Illusion after the end of visuotactile stimulation with a similar time course for the reduction of subjective ownership and proprioceptive drift
Experimental Brain Research, 2021Co-Authors: Zakaryah Abdulkarim, Z Hayatou, Henrik H EhrssonAbstract:The Rubber Hand Illusion is a perceptual Illusion in which participants experience an inanimate Rubber Hand as their own when they observe this model Hand being stroked in synchrony with strokes applied to the person’s real Hand, which is hidden. Earlier studies have focused on the factors that determine the elicitation of this Illusion, the relative contribution of vision, touch and other sensory modalities involved and the best ways to quantify this perceptual phenomenon. Questionnaires serve to assess the subjective feeling of ownership, whereas proprioceptive drift is a measure of the recalibration of Hand position sense towards the Rubber Hand when the Illusion is induced. Proprioceptive drift has been widely used and thought of as an objective measure of the Illusion, although the relationship between this measure and the subjective Illusion is not fully understood. Here, we examined how long the Illusion is maintained after the synchronous visuotactile stimulation stops with the specific aim of clarifying the temporal relationship in the reduction of both subjective ownership and proprioceptive drift. Our results show that both the feeling of ownership and proprioceptive drift are sustained for tens of seconds after visuotactile stroking has ceased. Furthermore, our results indicate that the reduction of proprioceptive drift and the feeling of ownership follow similar time courses in their reduction, suggesting that the two phenomena are temporally correlated. Collectively, these findings help us better understand the relationships of multisensory stimulation, subjective ownership, and proprioceptive drift in the Rubber Hand Illusion.
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auditory cues influence the Rubber Hand Illusion
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2018Co-Authors: Dominika Radziun, Henrik H EhrssonAbstract:The perception of one's own body depends on the dynamic integration of signals from different sensory modalities. Earlier studies have shown that visual, tactile, and proprioceptive information contributes to this process. However, little is known about the role of auditory cues in the multisensory integration of bodily signals. To address this issue, we studied the effect of auditory feedback on the Rubber-Hand Illusion and the somatic version of this Illusion. In each experiment, we tested 30 healthy participants using four different conditions: synchronous touches without auditory cues (original Illusion), asynchronous touches without auditory cues (original control), synchronous touches with synchronous auditory cues (Illusion positively modulated by sound), and synchronous touches with asynchronous auditory cues (Illusion negatively modulated by sound). For the classic Rubber-Hand Illusion, we found that synchronous auditory cues made the Illusion stronger compared with asynchronous auditory cues, as evidenced by both the results of the questionnaires and proprioceptive drift. In both versions of the Illusion, proprioceptive drift indicated that the synchronous auditory cues enhanced the Illusion compared with the condition without auditory feedback and that the asynchronous auditory cues reduced the Illusion compared with the nonauditory condition. Taken together, these results demonstrate that auditory cues modulate the Rubber-Hand Illusion, which suggests that auditory information is used in the formation of the coherent multisensory representation of one's own body. (PsycINFO Database Record
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the onset time of the ownership sensation in the moving Rubber Hand Illusion
Frontiers in Psychology, 2017Co-Authors: Andreas Kalckert, Henrik H EhrssonAbstract:The Rubber Hand Illusion is a perceptual Illusion whereby a model Hand is perceived as part of one’s own body. This Illusion has been extensively studied, but little is known about the temporal evolution of this perceptual phenomenon, i.e., how long it takes until participants start to experience ownership over the model Hand. In the present study, we investigated a version of the Rubber Hand experiment based on finger movements and measured the average onset time in active and passive movement conditions. This comparison enabled us to further explore the possible role of intentions and motor control processes that are only present in the active movement condition. The results from a large group of healthy participants (n=117) showed that the Illusion of ownership took approximately 23 seconds to emerge (active: 22.8; passive: 23.2). The 90th percentile occurs in both conditions within approximately 50 seconds (active: 50; passive: 50.6); therefore, most participants experience the Illusion within the first minute. We found indirect evidence of a facilitatory effect of active movements compared to passive movements, and we discuss these results in the context of our current understanding of the processes underlying the moving Rubber Hand Illusion.
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no causal link between changes in Hand position sense and feeling of limb ownership in the Rubber Hand Illusion
Attention Perception & Psychophysics, 2016Co-Authors: Zakaryah Abdulkarim, Henrik H EhrssonAbstract:The Rubber Hand Illusion is a perceptual Illusion in which participants experience an inanimate Rubber Hand as belonging to their own body. The Illusion is elicited by synchronously stroking the Rubber Hand and the participant's real Hand, which is hidden from sight. The feeling of owning the Rubber Hand is accompanied by changes in Hand position sense (proprioception), so that when participants are asked to indicate the location of their (unseen) Hand, they indicate that it is located closer to the Rubber Hand. This "proprioceptive drift" is the most widely used objective measure of the Rubber Hand Illusion, and from a theoretical perspective, it suggests a close link between proprioception and the feeling of body ownership. However, the critical question of whether a causal relationship exists between changes in Hand position sense and changes in limb ownership is unknown. Here we addressed this question by devising a novel setup that allowed us to mechanically manipulate the position of the participant's Hand without the participant noticing, while the Rubber Hand Illusion was being elicited. Our results showed that changing the sensed position closer to or farther away from the Rubber Hand did not change the strength of the Rubber Hand Illusion. Thus, the Illusion is not dependent on changes in Hand position sense. This finding supports models of body ownership and central body representation that hold that proprioceptive drift and the subjective Illusion are related to different central processes.
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the moving Rubber Hand Illusion revisited comparing movements and visuotactile stimulation to induce illusory ownership
Consciousness and Cognition, 2014Co-Authors: Andreas Kalckert, Henrik H EhrssonAbstract:Abstract The Rubber Hand Illusion is a perceptual Illusion in which a model Hand is experienced as part of one’s own body. In the present study we directly compared the classical Illusion, based on visuotactile stimulation, with a Rubber Hand Illusion based on active and passive movements. We examined the question of which combinations of sensory and motor cues are the most potent in inducing the Illusion by subjective ratings and an objective measure (proprioceptive drift). In particular, we were interested in whether the combination of afferent and efferent signals in active movements results in the same Illusion as in the purely passive modes. Our results show that the Illusion is equally strong in all three cases. This demonstrates that different combinations of sensory input can lead to a very similar phenomenological experience and indicates that the Illusion can be induced by any combination of multisensory information.
Jörg Trojan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the Rubber Hand Illusion induced by visual thermal stimulation
Scientific Reports, 2018Co-Authors: Jörg Trojan, Xaver Fuchs, Sophielouise Speth, Martin DiersAbstract:In the Rubber Hand Illusion (RHI), synchronous touch of a real Hand and an artificial Hand leads to the feeling of the artificial Hand belonging to one's own body. This study examined whether the RHI can be induced using visual-thermal instead of visual-tactile stimulus patterns and to which extent the congruency between temperature and colour of the visual stimulus influences the RHI. In a within-subject design, we presented cold vs. warm thermal stimuli to the participants' hidden Hand combined with red vs. blue visual stimuli presented synchronously vs. asynchronously at a fake Hand. The RHI could be induced using visual-thermal stimuli, yielding RHI vividness ratings comparable to the visual-tactile variant. Congruent (warm-red, cold-blue) synchronous stimulus patterns led to higher RHI vividness than incongruent (warm-blue, cold-red) synchronous combinations; in the asynchronous conditions, an inverse effect was present. Temperature ratings mainly depended on the actual stimulus temperature and were higher with synchronous vs. asynchronous patterns; they were also slightly higher with red vs. blue light, but there were no interactions with temperature or synchrony. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the RHI can be induced via visual-thermal stimuli, opening new perspectives in research on multi-sensory integration and body representations.
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perceptual drifts of real and artificial limbs in the Rubber Hand Illusion
Scientific Reports, 2016Co-Authors: Xaver Fuchs, Martin Riemer, Jörg Trojan, Martin Diers, Herta FlorAbstract:In the Rubber Hand Illusion (RHI), transient embodiment of an artificial Hand is induced. An often-used indicator for this effect is the “proprioceptive drift”, a localization bias of the real Hand towards the artificial Hand. This measure suggests that the real Hand is attracted by the artificial Hand. Principles of multisensory integration, however, rather suggest that conflicting sensory information is combined in a “compromise” fashion and that Hands should rather be attracted towards each other. Here, we used a new variant of the RHI paradigm in which participants pointed at the artificial Hand. Our results indicate that the perceived positions of the real and artificial Hand converge towards each other: in addition to the well-known drift of the real Hand towards the artificial Hand, we also found an opposite drift of the artificial Hand towards the real Hand. Our results contradict the notion of perceptual substitution of the real Hand by the artificial Hand. Rather, they are in line with the view that vision and proprioception are fused into an intermediate percept. This is further evidence that the perception of our body is a flexible multisensory construction that is based on integration principles.
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defensive activation during the Rubber Hand Illusion ownership versus proprioceptive drift
Biological Psychology, 2015Co-Authors: Martin Riemer, Jörg Trojan, Florian Bublatzky, Georg W AlpersAbstract:A strong link between body perception and emotional experience has been proposed. To examine the interaction between body perception and anticipatory anxiety, two well-established paradigms were combined: The Rubber Hand Illusion (RHI) and the threat-of-shock paradigm. An artificial Hand and the participants’ own Hand (hidden from sight) were touched synchronously or asynchronously, while either threat-of-shock or safety was cued. Potentiated startle reflexes and enhanced skin conductance responses were observed during threat as compared to safety conditions, but threat conditions did not interact with illusory body perceptions. Thus, defense system activation was not modulated by altered body representations. Physiological responses increased with the sense of ownership for the artificial limb, but not with proprioceptive drift towards its location. The results indicate that ownership ratings and proprioceptive drift capture different aspects of the RHI. The study presents a new approach to investigate the relationship between body representations and emotional states.
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the Rubber Hand Illusion depends on a congruent mapping between real and artificial fingers
Acta Psychologica, 2014Co-Authors: Martin Riemer, Dieter Kleinböhl, Rupert Hölzl, Xaver Fuchs, Florian Bublatzky, Jörg TrojanAbstract:The Rubber Hand Illusion (RHI), in which a visible artificial Hand is touched (or moves) synchronously with the participant's unseen own Hand, indicates that body representations can undergo rapid changes. While several constraints for this Illusion have been described, some reports highlight a remarkable flexibility of body representations, even contradicting a priori assumptions regarding body appearance and anatomy (e.g., the subjective embodiment of a third arm). Here we examine the impact of congruence between touches at (or movements of) the real and the artificial Hand, as well as the role of predictability of touches (or movements). We implemented two versions of the RHI paradigm, based on passive tactile stimulation and active voluntary movements. The results show that (a) predictability does not modulate perceived embodiment, and that (b) congruent mapping between real and artificial fingers is a necessary condition for both the tactile and the motor RHI. Together with previously reported constraints for bodily Illusions, these results are reduced to four principles, which determine subjective embodiment: temporal synchrony, congruence of mapping between real and artificial body parts, body unity and body shape.
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Action and perception in the Rubber Hand Illusion
Experimental Brain Research, 2013Co-Authors: Martin Riemer, Dieter Kleinböhl, Rupert Hölzl, Jörg TrojanAbstract:Voluntary motor control over artificial Hands has been shown to provoke a subjective incorporation of the artificial limb into body representations. However, in most studies projected or mirrored images of own Hands were presented as ‘artificial’ body parts. Using the paradigm of the Rubber Hand Illusion (RHI), we assessed the impact of tactile sensations and voluntary movements with respect to an unambiguously body-extraneous, artificial Hand. In addition to phenomenal self-reports and pointing movements towards the own Hand, we introduced a new procedure for perceptual judgements enabling the assessment of proprioceptive drift and judgement reliability regarding perceived Hand location. RHI effects were comparable for tactile sensations and voluntary movements, but characteristic discrepancies were found for pointing movements. They were differently affected by the induction methods, and RHI effects were uncorrelated between both methods. These observations shed new light on inconsistent results concerning RHI effects on motor responses.
Martin Riemer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the Rubber Hand universe on the impact of methodological differences in the Rubber Hand Illusion
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 2019Co-Authors: Martin Riemer, Joerg Trojan, Marta Beauchamp, Xaver FuchsAbstract:The Rubber Hand Illusion (RHI) is a widely applied paradigm to investigate changes in body representations. Extensive scientific interest has produced a great variability in the observed results and many contradictory findings have been reported. Taking into account the numerous variations in the experimental implementation of the RHI, many of these contradictive findings can be reconciled, but to date a thorough analysis of the methodological differences between RHI studies is lacking. Here we summarize and analyse methodological differences between RHI studies. In distinction from other reviews focusing on the integration of findings from various studies, the present paper is devoted to the differences in (i) the experimental setup, (ii) the method used to induce the RHI, (iii) the quantification of its effects, and (iv) aspects of the experimental design and data analysis. This approach will provide a reference frame for the interpretation of previous studies as well as for the design of future studies.
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perceptual drifts of real and artificial limbs in the Rubber Hand Illusion
Scientific Reports, 2016Co-Authors: Xaver Fuchs, Martin Riemer, Jörg Trojan, Martin Diers, Herta FlorAbstract:In the Rubber Hand Illusion (RHI), transient embodiment of an artificial Hand is induced. An often-used indicator for this effect is the “proprioceptive drift”, a localization bias of the real Hand towards the artificial Hand. This measure suggests that the real Hand is attracted by the artificial Hand. Principles of multisensory integration, however, rather suggest that conflicting sensory information is combined in a “compromise” fashion and that Hands should rather be attracted towards each other. Here, we used a new variant of the RHI paradigm in which participants pointed at the artificial Hand. Our results indicate that the perceived positions of the real and artificial Hand converge towards each other: in addition to the well-known drift of the real Hand towards the artificial Hand, we also found an opposite drift of the artificial Hand towards the real Hand. Our results contradict the notion of perceptual substitution of the real Hand by the artificial Hand. Rather, they are in line with the view that vision and proprioception are fused into an intermediate percept. This is further evidence that the perception of our body is a flexible multisensory construction that is based on integration principles.
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defensive activation during the Rubber Hand Illusion ownership versus proprioceptive drift
Biological Psychology, 2015Co-Authors: Martin Riemer, Jörg Trojan, Florian Bublatzky, Georg W AlpersAbstract:A strong link between body perception and emotional experience has been proposed. To examine the interaction between body perception and anticipatory anxiety, two well-established paradigms were combined: The Rubber Hand Illusion (RHI) and the threat-of-shock paradigm. An artificial Hand and the participants’ own Hand (hidden from sight) were touched synchronously or asynchronously, while either threat-of-shock or safety was cued. Potentiated startle reflexes and enhanced skin conductance responses were observed during threat as compared to safety conditions, but threat conditions did not interact with illusory body perceptions. Thus, defense system activation was not modulated by altered body representations. Physiological responses increased with the sense of ownership for the artificial limb, but not with proprioceptive drift towards its location. The results indicate that ownership ratings and proprioceptive drift capture different aspects of the RHI. The study presents a new approach to investigate the relationship between body representations and emotional states.
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the Rubber Hand Illusion depends on a congruent mapping between real and artificial fingers
Acta Psychologica, 2014Co-Authors: Martin Riemer, Dieter Kleinböhl, Rupert Hölzl, Xaver Fuchs, Florian Bublatzky, Jörg TrojanAbstract:The Rubber Hand Illusion (RHI), in which a visible artificial Hand is touched (or moves) synchronously with the participant's unseen own Hand, indicates that body representations can undergo rapid changes. While several constraints for this Illusion have been described, some reports highlight a remarkable flexibility of body representations, even contradicting a priori assumptions regarding body appearance and anatomy (e.g., the subjective embodiment of a third arm). Here we examine the impact of congruence between touches at (or movements of) the real and the artificial Hand, as well as the role of predictability of touches (or movements). We implemented two versions of the RHI paradigm, based on passive tactile stimulation and active voluntary movements. The results show that (a) predictability does not modulate perceived embodiment, and that (b) congruent mapping between real and artificial fingers is a necessary condition for both the tactile and the motor RHI. Together with previously reported constraints for bodily Illusions, these results are reduced to four principles, which determine subjective embodiment: temporal synchrony, congruence of mapping between real and artificial body parts, body unity and body shape.
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Action and perception in the Rubber Hand Illusion
Experimental Brain Research, 2013Co-Authors: Martin Riemer, Dieter Kleinböhl, Rupert Hölzl, Jörg TrojanAbstract:Voluntary motor control over artificial Hands has been shown to provoke a subjective incorporation of the artificial limb into body representations. However, in most studies projected or mirrored images of own Hands were presented as ‘artificial’ body parts. Using the paradigm of the Rubber Hand Illusion (RHI), we assessed the impact of tactile sensations and voluntary movements with respect to an unambiguously body-extraneous, artificial Hand. In addition to phenomenal self-reports and pointing movements towards the own Hand, we introduced a new procedure for perceptual judgements enabling the assessment of proprioceptive drift and judgement reliability regarding perceived Hand location. RHI effects were comparable for tactile sensations and voluntary movements, but characteristic discrepancies were found for pointing movements. They were differently affected by the induction methods, and RHI effects were uncorrelated between both methods. These observations shed new light on inconsistent results concerning RHI effects on motor responses.
Bryan Paton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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deep brain stimulation for parkinson s disease changes perception in the Rubber Hand Illusion
bioRxiv, 2017Co-Authors: Catherine Ding, Colin J Palmer, Bryan Paton, Jakob Hohwy, George J Youssef, Naotsugu Tsuchiya, Julie C Stout, Dominic ThyagarajanAbstract:ABSTRACT Parkinson’s disease (PD) alters cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic circuitry and susceptibility to an Illusion of bodily awareness, the Rubber Hand Illusion (RHI). Bodily awareness is thought to result from multisensory integration in a predominantly cortical network; the role of subcortical connections is unknown. We studied the effect of modulating cortico-subcortical circuitry on multisensory integration for bodily awareness in PD patients treated with subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) using the RHI experiment. Typically, synchronous visuo-tactile cues induce a false perception of touch on the Rubber Hand as if it were the subject’s Hand, whereas asynchronous visuo-tactile cues do not. However, we found that in the asynchronous condition, patients in the off-stimulation state did not reject the RHI as strongly as healthy controls; switching on STN-DBS partially ‘normalised’ their responses. Patients in the off-stimulation state also misjudged the position of their Hand, indicating it to be closer to the Rubber Hand than controls. However, STN-DBS did not affect proprioceptive judgements or subsequent arm movements altered by the perceptual effects of the Illusion. Our findings support the idea that the STN and subcortical connections have a key role in multisensory integration for bodily awareness. Decisionmaking in multisensory bodily Illusions is discussed.
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parkinson s disease alters multisensory perception insights from the Rubber Hand Illusion
Neuropsychologia, 2017Co-Authors: Catherine Ding, Colin J Palmer, Bryan Paton, Jakob Hohwy, George J Youssef, Naotsugu Tsuchiya, Julie C Stout, Dominic ThyagarajanAbstract:Abstract Background Manipulation of multisensory integration induces illusory perceptions of body ownership. Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder characterised by striatal dopamine deficiency, are prone to Illusions and hallucinations and have sensory deficits. Dopaminergic treatment also aggravates hallucinations in PD. Whether multisensory integration in body ownership is altered by PD is unexplored. Objective To study the effect of dopamine neurotransmission on illusory perceptions of body ownership. Methods We studied the Rubber Hand Illusion (RHI) in 21 PD patients (on- and off-medication) and 21 controls. In this experimental paradigm, synchronous stroking of a Rubber Hand and the subject's hidden real Hand results in the illusory experience of ‘feeling’ the Rubber Hand, and proprioceptive mislocalisation of the real Hand towards the Rubber Hand (‘proprioceptive drift’). Asynchronous stroking typically attenuates the RHI. Results The effect of PD on illusory experience depended on the stroking condition (b = −2.15, 95% CI [−3.06, −1.25], p Conclusion PD affects illusory perceptions of body ownership in situations that do not typically induce them, implicating dopamine deficit and consequent alterations in cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic circuitry in multisensory integration. Dopaminergic treatment appears to increase suggestibility generally rather than having a specific effect on own-body Illusions, a novel finding with clinical and research implications.
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movement under uncertainty the effects of the Rubber Hand Illusion vary along the nonclinical autism spectrum
Neuropsychologia, 2013Co-Authors: Colin J Palmer, Bryan Paton, Jakob Hohwy, Peter G EnticottAbstract:Abstract Recent research has begun to investigate sensory processing in relation to nonclinical variation in traits associated with the autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We propose that existing accounts of autistic perception can be augmented by considering a role for individual differences in top–down expectations for the precision of sensory input, related to the processing of state-dependent levels of uncertainty. We therefore examined ASD-like traits in relation to the Rubber-Hand Illusion: an experimental paradigm that typically elicits crossmodal integration of visual, tactile, and proprioceptive information in an unusual illusory context. Individuals with higher ASD-like traits showed reduced effects of the Rubber-Hand Illusion on perceived arm position and reach-to-grasp movements, compared to individuals with lower ASD-like traits. These differences occurred despite both groups reporting the typical subjective experience of the Illusion concerning visuotactile integration and ownership for the Rubber Hand. Together these results suggest that the integration of proprioceptive information with cues for arm position derived from the illusory context differs between individuals partly in relation to traits associated with ASD. We suggest that the observed differences in sensory integration can be best explained in terms of differing expectations regarding the precision of sensory estimates in contexts that suggest uncertainty.
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The Rubber Hand Illusion Reveals Proprioceptive and Sensorimotor Differences in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2012Co-Authors: Bryan Paton, Jakob Hohwy, Peter G EnticottAbstract:Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterised by differences in unimodal and multimodal sensory and proprioceptive processing, with complex biases towards local over global processing. Many of these elements are implicated in versions of the Rubber Hand Illusion (RHI), which were therefore studied in high-functioning individuals with ASD and a typically developing control group. Both groups experienced the Illusion. A number of differences were found, related to proprioception and sensorimotor processes. The ASD group showed reduced sensitivity to visuotactile-proprioceptive discrepancy but more accurate proprioception. This group also differed on acceleration in subsequent reach trials. Results are discussed in terms of weak top-down integration and precision-accuracy trade-offs. The RHI appears to be a useful tool for investigating multisensory processing in ASD.
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explaining away the body experiences of supernaturally caused touch and touch on non Hand objects within the Rubber Hand Illusion
PLOS ONE, 2010Co-Authors: Jakob Hohwy, Bryan PatonAbstract:Background In Rubber Hand Illusions and full body Illusions, touch sensations are projected to non-body objects such as Rubber Hands, dolls or virtual bodies. The robustness, limits and further perceptual consequences of such Illusions are not yet fully explored or understood. A number of experiments are reported that test the limits of a variant of the Rubber Hand Illusion.
Peter G Enticott - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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movement under uncertainty the effects of the Rubber Hand Illusion vary along the nonclinical autism spectrum
Neuropsychologia, 2013Co-Authors: Colin J Palmer, Bryan Paton, Jakob Hohwy, Peter G EnticottAbstract:Abstract Recent research has begun to investigate sensory processing in relation to nonclinical variation in traits associated with the autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We propose that existing accounts of autistic perception can be augmented by considering a role for individual differences in top–down expectations for the precision of sensory input, related to the processing of state-dependent levels of uncertainty. We therefore examined ASD-like traits in relation to the Rubber-Hand Illusion: an experimental paradigm that typically elicits crossmodal integration of visual, tactile, and proprioceptive information in an unusual illusory context. Individuals with higher ASD-like traits showed reduced effects of the Rubber-Hand Illusion on perceived arm position and reach-to-grasp movements, compared to individuals with lower ASD-like traits. These differences occurred despite both groups reporting the typical subjective experience of the Illusion concerning visuotactile integration and ownership for the Rubber Hand. Together these results suggest that the integration of proprioceptive information with cues for arm position derived from the illusory context differs between individuals partly in relation to traits associated with ASD. We suggest that the observed differences in sensory integration can be best explained in terms of differing expectations regarding the precision of sensory estimates in contexts that suggest uncertainty.
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The Rubber Hand Illusion Reveals Proprioceptive and Sensorimotor Differences in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2012Co-Authors: Bryan Paton, Jakob Hohwy, Peter G EnticottAbstract:Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterised by differences in unimodal and multimodal sensory and proprioceptive processing, with complex biases towards local over global processing. Many of these elements are implicated in versions of the Rubber Hand Illusion (RHI), which were therefore studied in high-functioning individuals with ASD and a typically developing control group. Both groups experienced the Illusion. A number of differences were found, related to proprioception and sensorimotor processes. The ASD group showed reduced sensitivity to visuotactile-proprioceptive discrepancy but more accurate proprioception. This group also differed on acceleration in subsequent reach trials. Results are discussed in terms of weak top-down integration and precision-accuracy trade-offs. The RHI appears to be a useful tool for investigating multisensory processing in ASD.
