The Experts below are selected from a list of 294 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Reinhard Berndt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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New graminicolous Rust Fungi from Pakistan
Mycotaxon, 2020Co-Authors: Najam-ul-sahar Afshan, Reinhard Berndt, Abdul Nasir Khalid, A. R. NiaziAbstract:Two new species of Rust Fungi, Puccinia agrostidis-caninae on Agrostis canina and P. sporoboli-arabici on Sporobolus arabicus are described and illustrated from Pakistan.
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Additions to the southern African Rust Fungi: four new species and two new host genera from South Africa and Angola
Mycological Progress, 2020Co-Authors: Reinhard BerndtAbstract:This paper describes four new species of Rust Fungi from southern Africa. Three of them, Puccinia dimorphothecae-cuneatae on Dimorphotheca cuneata (Asteraceae), P. feliciicola on Felicia filifolia (Asteraceae), and Uredo myricae on Myrica sp. (Myricaceae), were collected in the South African Cape region, while Uromyces hessii on Zantedeschia angustiloba (Araceae) is from Angola. Rust Fungi are reported for the first time on the plant genera Thereianthus (Iridaceae) and Cullumia (Asteraceae), both from South Africa. The specimen on Thereianthus was provisionally determined as Uromyces ecklonii that has been known so far only on Freesia . The Rust of Cullumia showed only uredinia that were similar to Puccinia clanwilliamensis , hitherto only known on Berkheya .
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First catalogue of the Rust Fungi of French Guiana, northern South America
Mycological Progress, 2013Co-Authors: Reinhard BerndtAbstract:An annotated list of the Rust Fungi (Uredinales or Pucciniales) of French Guiana is presented. It enumerates 68 species of which 57 are new reports for the department and 3, Aecidium plukenetiae , Puccinia kourouensis and P. parianicola , are new to science. Dicheirinia guianensis and Hapalophragmium angylocalycis are excluded from the French Guianan mycobiota. New host plants are reported for Batistopsora crucis-filii , B. pistila , Cerotelium ficicola , C. sabiceae , Crossopsora piperis , Desmella aneimiae , Endophyllum guttatum , Kweilingia divina , Puccinia lateritia , Uredo anthurii and Uromyces anguriae . Previously undescribed characters are presented for Achrotelium lucumae , Chaconia ingae , Cerotelium sabiceae , Prospodium amapaensis , Sphenospora smilacina and Uromyces wulffiae-stenoglossae . Chaconia ingae showed haustorial complexes comprising both intracellular hyphae and D-haustoria. In Cerotelium sabiceae , the haustorial mother cells retained the nuclei while D-haustoria were enucleate. The occurrence of these haustorial types in tropical Rust Fungi is discussed. Internal basidium formation is described for the first time in Sphenospora : teliospores of S. smilacina produced external or internal basidia. The species richness and composition of the French Guianan Rust mycobiota are discussed in a neotropical context.
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additions to the Rust Fungi of south africa
Mycological Progress, 2012Co-Authors: Reinhard Berndt, Alan R WoodAbstract:This paper presents new species, combinations, national reports and host records for the South African Rust Fungi (Uredinales/Pucciniales). Endophyllum mpenjatiense on cf. Hibiscus sp. (Malvaceae), Phakopsora combretorum (anamorph Uredo combreticola) on the new host Combretum apiculatum (Combretaceae) and Uredo sekhukhunensis on Ziziphus mucronata (Rhamnaceae) are described as new species. Dietelia cardiospermi and E. metalasiae are proposed as new combinations to replace Aecidium cardiospermi on Cardiospermum halicacabum (Sapindaceae) and A. metalasiae on Metalasia spp. (Asteraceae), respectively. Four species are new records for South Africa: Crossopsora antidesmae-dioicae on Antidesma venosum (Euphorbiaceae), Phakopsora ziziphi-vulgaris on Z. mucronata, and Uromyces cypericola and Puccinia subcoronata, both on a new host, Cyperus albostriatus (Cyperaceae). The record of P. subcoronata is the first one from outside the New World. Puccinia scirpi is reported as a possible addition to the South African Rust Fungi. New host records and observations are presented for Pucciniastrum agrimoniae that is recorded on two new host genera and species, Cliffortia odorata and Leucosidea sericea (Rosaceae), Uromyces cypericola whose urediniospores are described for the first time, Phakopsora stratosa in that spermogonia and Uredo-like aecia were discovered, and for Sphaerophragmium dalbergiae in that characters of the urediniospores are re-evaluated. A lectotype is selected for Aecidium garckeanum and spermogonia are reported for this Rust for the first time. The Rust Fungi of Ehrharta (Poaceae) are discussed and critically evaluated in the light of spore morphology and host species.
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species richness taxonomy and peculiarities of the neotropical Rust Fungi are they more diverse in the neotropics
Biodiversity and Conservation, 2012Co-Authors: Reinhard BerndtAbstract:The species richness of Rust Fungi (Pucciniales or Uredinales) in the neotropics is reviewed. Species numbers are presented for all neotropical countries and Rust-plant-ratios calculated. It is discussed whether the ratio for a given region can be explained by the species richness of vascular plants alone or whether it is caused by additional factors. In the first case, ratios should apply globally and vary only slightly; in the second case, more diverging ratios are expected. Observed ratios ranged between 1:16 and 1:124 in the neotropics. The large differences are certainly influenced by unequal levels of investigation, rendering interpretation difficult. Differences seem also to be influenced by the taxonomic composition of floras regarding the percentage of host families or genera bearing different numbers of Rust species. This indicates that Rust species richness is not driven solely by plant species richness. Ratios calculated for Switzerland, Austria and Japan are distinctly higher than for the neotropics indicating that certain temperate regions are proportionally richer in Rust Fungi than the neotropics. Uredinial states and short-cycled Rust species prevail in the neotropics. The preponderance of uredinial states may be due to the heterogeneous spatial composition of certain vegetation types in the wet tropics. Short-cycled Rusts may be adapted to a pronounced seasonality that can be encountered in many drier neotropical biomes. Future research needs to fill our knowledge gaps on the taxonomy and ecology of neotropical Rust Fungi are discussed.
Alan R Wood - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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additions to the Rust Fungi of south africa
Mycological Progress, 2012Co-Authors: Reinhard Berndt, Alan R WoodAbstract:This paper presents new species, combinations, national reports and host records for the South African Rust Fungi (Uredinales/Pucciniales). Endophyllum mpenjatiense on cf. Hibiscus sp. (Malvaceae), Phakopsora combretorum (anamorph Uredo combreticola) on the new host Combretum apiculatum (Combretaceae) and Uredo sekhukhunensis on Ziziphus mucronata (Rhamnaceae) are described as new species. Dietelia cardiospermi and E. metalasiae are proposed as new combinations to replace Aecidium cardiospermi on Cardiospermum halicacabum (Sapindaceae) and A. metalasiae on Metalasia spp. (Asteraceae), respectively. Four species are new records for South Africa: Crossopsora antidesmae-dioicae on Antidesma venosum (Euphorbiaceae), Phakopsora ziziphi-vulgaris on Z. mucronata, and Uromyces cypericola and Puccinia subcoronata, both on a new host, Cyperus albostriatus (Cyperaceae). The record of P. subcoronata is the first one from outside the New World. Puccinia scirpi is reported as a possible addition to the South African Rust Fungi. New host records and observations are presented for Pucciniastrum agrimoniae that is recorded on two new host genera and species, Cliffortia odorata and Leucosidea sericea (Rosaceae), Uromyces cypericola whose urediniospores are described for the first time, Phakopsora stratosa in that spermogonia and Uredo-like aecia were discovered, and for Sphaerophragmium dalbergiae in that characters of the urediniospores are re-evaluated. A lectotype is selected for Aecidium garckeanum and spermogonia are reported for this Rust for the first time. The Rust Fungi of Ehrharta (Poaceae) are discussed and critically evaluated in the light of spore morphology and host species.
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New and interesting records of southern African Rust Fungi (Uredinales).
South African Journal of Botany, 2006Co-Authors: Alan R WoodAbstract:Abstract A number of Rust Fungi are recorded from southern Africa for the first time. Aecidium nairobianum is newly recorded from South Africa and Zimbabwe, and transferred to the genus Endophyllum as Endophyllum nairobianum comb. nov. Pucciniosira anthocleistae and Ravenelia ornata are also newly recorded from South Africa. Uredo abri is reduced to a synonym of R. ornata. Also, new details on the life cycle of several species have been elucidated from recent collections. The full life cycle of both Puccinia phyllocladiae and Uromyces kentaniensis are described. Aecidium capense is reduced to a synonym of the former and Aecidium antholyzae of the latter. Uromyces ventosa is reduced to a synonym of the microcyclic Uromyces bolusii. The taxonomic status of several species of Rust Fungi (Uredinales), recorded from southern Africa, requires changing to accommodate revised generic concepts. The following new combinations are made: Diorchidium gerstneri (Doidge) A.R. Wood comb. nov., Phakopsora nyasalandica (Cummins) A.R. Wood comb. nov., and Uredo doidgeae (Syd. and P. Syd.) A.R. Wood comb. nov. Schroeteriaster stratosus is confirmed as a synonym of Phakopsora stratosa. Melampsora junodii Doidge is reduced to a synonym of Phakopsora vernoniae Jorstad, and Uromyces paradoxus Syd. and P. Syd. is reduced to a synonym of Uredo balsamodendri Cooke. Details of the holotype of Puccinia estcourtensis Gjaerum were omitted from the original description. These are supplied here, validating this species as Puccinia estcourtensis Gjaerum ex A.R. Wood and Gjaerum, sp. nov.
Sa Bastien Duplessis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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advances in understanding obligate biotrophy in Rust Fungi
New Phytologist, 2019Co-Authors: Cecile Lorrain, Karen Cristine Goncalves Dos Santos, Hugo Germain, Arnaud Hecker, Sa Bastien DuplessisAbstract:: Contents Summary 1190 I. Introduction 1190 II. Rust Fungi: a diverse and serious threat to agriculture 1191 III. The different facets of Rust life cycles and unresolved questions about their evolution 1191 IV. The biology of Rust infection 1192 V. Rusts in the genomics era: the ever-expanding list of candidate effector genes 1195 VI. Functional characterization of Rust effectors 1197 VII. Putting Rusts to sleep: Pucciniales research outlooks 1201 Acknowledgements 1202 References 1202 SUMMARY: Rust Fungi (Pucciniales) are the largest group of plant pathogens and represent one of the most devastating threats to agricultural crops worldwide. Despite the economic importance of these highly specialized pathogens, many aspects of their biology remain obscure, largely because Rust Fungi are obligate biotrophs. The rise of genomics and advances in high-throughput sequencing technology have presented new options for identifying candidate effector genes involved in pathogenicity mechanisms of Rust Fungi. Transcriptome analysis and integrated bioinformatics tools have led to the identification of key genetic determinants of host susceptibility to infection by Rusts. Thousands of genes encoding secreted proteins highly expressed during host infection have been reported for different Rust species, which represents significant potential towards understanding Rust effector function. Recent high-throughput in planta expression screen approaches (effectoromics) have pushed the field ahead even further towards predicting high-priority effectors and identifying avirulence genes. These new insights into Rust effector biology promise to inform future research and spur the development of effective and sustainable strategies for managing Rust diseases.
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effector proteins of Rust Fungi
Frontiers in Plant Science, 2014Co-Authors: Benjamin Petre, David L Joly, Sa Bastien DuplessisAbstract:Rust Fungi include many species that are devastating crop pathogens. To develop resistant plants, a better understanding of Rust virulence factors, or effector proteins, is needed. Thus far, only six Rust effector proteins have been described: AvrP123, AvrP4, AvrL567, AvrM, RTP1 and PGTAUSPE-10-1. Although some are well established model proteins used to investigate mechanisms of immune receptor activation (avirulence activities) or entry into plant cells, how they work inside host tissues to promote fungal growth remains unknown. The genome sequences of four Rust Fungi (two Melampsoraceae and two Pucciniaceae) have been analyzed so far. Genome-wide analyses of these species, as well as transcriptomics performed on a broader range of Rust Fungi, revealed hundreds of small secreted proteins considered as Rust candidate secreted effector proteins (CSEPs). The Rust community now needs high-throughput approaches (effectoromics) to accelerate effector discovery/characterization and to better understand how they function in planta. However, this task is challenging due to the non-amenability of Rust pathosystems (obligate biotrophs infecting crop plants) to traditional molecular genetic approaches mainly due to difficulties in culturing these species in vitro. The use of heterologous approaches should be promoted in the future.
Alistair R. Mctaggart - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Identification of Rust Fungi in Australia a century after McAlpine
2020Co-Authors: Alistair R. Mctaggart, Dean R. Beasley, Julia Kruse, Andre Drenth, Roger G. ShivasAbstract:Daniel McAlpine’s The Rusts of Australia: Their structure, nature and classification, published in 1906, has been the first point of contact for plant pathologists to identify Rust Fungi in Australia. Changes in taxonomy, new introductions and new discoveries have outdated this key reference. In order to update these changes, we developed a publicly available interactive online identification guide (Lucid) for the Australian Rust Fungi - collections.daff.qld.gov.au/web/key/RustFungi/. The guide is dynamic in that taxa can be added and renamed in line with changing taxonomies. Molecular barcodes were provided for most taxa featured on this website, including reference DNA sequences of many exotic taxa. In the course of this study, we have sequenced and assembled genomes of five endemic Rust Fungi, including a close relative of the introduced and established Austropuccinia psidii (myrtle Rust), as well as Rust taxa unique to the Southern Hemisphere. These genomic data will complement studies on model Rust Fungi and comparative studies on Rust Fungi that have evolved in rainforest habitats.
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a dynamic web based resource to identify Rust Fungi pucciniales in southern africa
MycoKeys, 2017Co-Authors: Alistair R. Mctaggart, Dean R. Beasley, Michael J Wingfield, A R Wood, Zakkie A Pretorius, A Drenth, R G Shivas, Jolanda RouxAbstract:Rust Fungi (Pucciniales) are some of the most important plant pathogens that cause diseases of agricultural and tree crops. There are approximately 8,000 described species worldwide. The Rust Fungi of South Africa were extensively studied by Ethel M. Doidge (1887 – 1965), who listed 468 species. Many nomenclatural and taxonomic changes, together with the discovery of new species and incursions of exotic species, have subsequently outdated Doidge’s monograph. To address this problem, we have developed an interactive Lucid key for the identification of 50 species of Rust Fungi in 17 genera from countries in southern Africa. The key is dynamic and may be updated in real-time. The Lucid key provides a platform to progressively provide descriptions and images for all Rust Fungi in southern Africa. Plant pathologists and mycologists are invited to participate in the development of this resource.
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phylogenetics and phylogenomics of Rust Fungi
Advances in Genetics, 2017Co-Authors: Catherine M Aime, Alistair R. Mctaggart, Stephen J Mondo, Sebastien DuplessisAbstract:Abstract Rust Fungi (Pucciniales) are the most speciose and the most complex group of plant pathogens. Historically, Rust taxonomy was largely influenced by host and phenotypic characters, which are potentially plastic. Molecular systematic studies suggest that the extant diversity of this group was largely shaped by host jumps and subsequent shifts. However, it has been challenging to reconstruct the evolutionary history for the order, especially at deeper (family-level) nodes. Phylogenomics offer a potentially powerful tool to reconstruct the Pucciniales tree of life, although researchers working at this vanguard still face unprecedented challenges working with nonculturable organisms that possess some of the largest and most repetitive genomes now known in kingdom Fungi. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the current status and special challenges of Rust genomics, and we highlight how phylogenomics may provide new perspectives and answer long-standing questions regarding the biology of Rust Fungi.
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online identification guides for australian smut Fungi ustilaginomycotina and Rust Fungi pucciniales
IMA fungus, 2014Co-Authors: R G Shivas, Dean R. Beasley, Alistair R. MctaggartAbstract:Interactive identification keys for Australian smut Fungi (Ustilaginomycotina and Pucciniomycotina, Microbotryales) and Rust Fungi (Pucciniomycotina, Pucciniales) are available online at http://collections.daff.qld.gov.au. The keys were built using Lucid software, and facilitate the identification of all known Australian smut Fungi (317 species in 37 genera) and 100 Rust Fungi (from approximately 360 species in 37 genera). The smut and Rust keys are illustrated with over 1,600 and 570 images respectively. The keys are designed to assist a wide range of end-users including mycologists, plant health diagnosticians, biosecurity scientists, plant pathologists, and university students. The keys are dynamic and will be regularly updated to include taxonomic changes and incorporate new detections, taxa, distributions and images. Researchers working with Australian smut and Rust Fungi are encouraged to participate in the on-going development and improvement of these keys.
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uredinopsis pteridis and desmella aneimiae the first Rust Fungi pucciniales reported on ferns pteridophyta in australia
Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 2014Co-Authors: Alistair R. Mctaggart, Andrew D W Geering, R G ShivasAbstract:Two species of Rust Fungi, Uredinopsis pteridis on Pteridium esculentum and Desmella aneimiae on Nephrolepis hirsutula, are reported from Australia. These are the first records of Rust Fungi on species of fern in Australia and the first reports of the genera Uredinopsis and Desmella in Australia.
Benjamin Petre - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effector proteins of Rust Fungi
Frontiers in Plant Science, 2014Co-Authors: Benjamin Petre, David L Joly, Sa Bastien DuplessisAbstract:Rust Fungi include many species that are devastating crop pathogens. To develop resistant plants, a better understanding of Rust virulence factors, or effector proteins, is needed. Thus far, only six Rust effector proteins have been described: AvrP123, AvrP4, AvrL567, AvrM, RTP1 and PGTAUSPE-10-1. Although some are well established model proteins used to investigate mechanisms of immune receptor activation (avirulence activities) or entry into plant cells, how they work inside host tissues to promote fungal growth remains unknown. The genome sequences of four Rust Fungi (two Melampsoraceae and two Pucciniaceae) have been analyzed so far. Genome-wide analyses of these species, as well as transcriptomics performed on a broader range of Rust Fungi, revealed hundreds of small secreted proteins considered as Rust candidate secreted effector proteins (CSEPs). The Rust community now needs high-throughput approaches (effectoromics) to accelerate effector discovery/characterization and to better understand how they function in planta. However, this task is challenging due to the non-amenability of Rust pathosystems (obligate biotrophs infecting crop plants) to traditional molecular genetic approaches mainly due to difficulties in culturing these species in vitro. The use of heterologous approaches should be promoted in the future.