The Experts below are selected from a list of 207 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Marco Thines - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
The first smut fungus, Thecaphora anthemidis sp. nov. (Glomosporiaceae), described from Anthemis (Asteraceae)
MycoKeys, 2018Co-Authors: Julia Kruse, Roger G Shivas, Volker Kummer, Marco ThinesAbstract:There are 63 known species of Thecaphora (Glomosporiaceae, Ustilaginomycotina), a third of which occur on Asteraceae. These smut fungi produce yellowish-brown to reddish-brown masses of spore balls in specific, mostly regenerative, plant organs. A species of Thecaphora was collected in the flower heads of Anthemis chia (Anthemideae, Asteraceae) on Rhodes Island, Greece, in 2015 and 2017, which represents the first smut record of a smut fungus on a host plant species in this tribe. Based on its distinctive morphology, host species and genetic divergence, this species is described as Thecaphora anthemidis sp. nov. Molecular barcodes of the ITS region are provided for this and several other species of Thecaphora. A phylogenetic and morphological comparison to closely related species showed that Th. anthemidis differed from other species of Thecaphora. Thecaphora anthemidis produced loose spore balls in the flower heads and peduncles of Anthemis chia unlike other flower-infecting species.
-
Ustilago species causing leaf-stripe smut revisited
IMA Fungus, 2018Co-Authors: Julia Kruse, Wolfgang Dietrich, Horst Zimmermann, Friedemann Klenke, Udo Richter, Heidrun Richter, Marco ThinesAbstract:Leaf-stripe smuts on grasses are a highly polyphyletic group within Ustilaginomycotina , occurring in three genera, Tilletia, Urocystis , and Ustilago . Currently more than 12 Ustilago species inciting stripe smuts are recognised. The majority belong to the Ustilago striiformis -complex, with about 30 different taxa described from 165 different plant species. This study aims to assess whether host distinct-lineages can be observed amongst the Ustilago leaf-stripe smuts using nine different loci on a representative set. Phylogenetic reconstructions supported the monophyly of the Ustilago striiformis -complex that causes leaf-stripe and the polyphyly of other leaf-stripe smuts within Ustilago . Furthermore, smut specimens from the same host genus generally clustered together in well-supported clades that often had available species names for these lineages. In addition to already-named lineages, three new lineages were observed, and described as new species on the basis of host specificity and molecular differences: namely Ustilago jagei sp. nov. on Agrostis stolonifera, U. kummeri sp. nov. on Bromus inermis , and U. neocopinata sp. nov. on Dactylis glomerata .
-
competing sexual and asexual generic names in pucciniomycotina and Ustilaginomycotina basidiomycota and recommendations for use
IMA fungus, 2018Co-Authors: Catherine M Aime, Dominik Begerow, Mahajabeen Padamsee, Lisa A Castlebury, Mehrdad Abbasi, Reinhard Berndt, Roland Kirschner, Ludmila Marvanova, Markus Scholler, Marco ThinesAbstract:With the change to one scientific name for pleomorphic fungi, generic names typified by sexual and asexual morphs have been evaluated to recommend which name to use when two names represent the same genus and thus compete for use. In this paper, generic names in Pucciniomycotina and Ustilaginomycotina are evaluated based on their type species to determine which names are synonyms. Twenty-one sets of sexually and asexually typified names in Pucciniomycotina and eight sets in Ustilaginomycotina were determined to be congeneric and compete for use. Recommendations are made as to which generic name to use. In most cases the principle of priority is followed. However, eight generic names in the Pucciniomycotina, and none in Ustilaginomycotina, are recommended for protection: Classicula over Naiadella, Gymnosporangium over Roestelia, Helicobasidium over Thanatophytum and Tuberculina, Melampsorella over Peridermium, Milesina over Milesia, Phragmidium over Aregma, Sporobolomyces over Blastoderma and Rhodomyces, and Uromyces over Uredo. In addition, eight new combinations are made: Blastospora juruensis, B. subneurophyla, Cronartium bethelii, C. kurilense, C. sahoanum, C. yamabense, Milesina polypodii, and Prospodium crusculum combs. nov.
-
New smut-specific primers for the ITS barcoding of Ustilaginomycotina
Mycological Progress, 2017Co-Authors: Julia Kruse, Young-joon Choi, Marco ThinesAbstract:The smut fungi (Ustilaginomycotina) are a highly diverse group, containing about 115 genera and 1700 species, most of which are biotrophic plant pathogens. As for other fungal groups, the ITS rDNA region is widely used to determine smut fungi at species level due to its high discriminatory power and for phylogenetic reconstructions within genera. So far, two primer sets, ITS1/ITS4 and M-ITS1/ITS4, were generally used to amplify smut fungi, but these often co-amplify host plants or contaminant fungi and do not yield satisfactory amplification for a variety of smut fungi. In the present study, based on a selection of genera that include more than 90% of the species of smut fungi (more than half of the genera of smut fungi), three new primers, smITS-F, smITS-R1 and smITS-R2, situated in the SSU or LSU region, were designed to avoid the amplification of host plants and to extend the coverage of PCR amplification for as many smut genera as possible.
-
Comparative Genomics Including the Early-Diverging Smut Fungus Ceraceosorus bombacis Reveals Signatures of Parallel Evolution within Plant and Animal Pathogens of Fungi and Oomycetes
Genome biology and evolution, 2015Co-Authors: Rahul Sharma, Kai Riess, Robert Bauer, Xiaojuan Xia, Marco ThinesAbstract:Ceraceosorus bombacis is an early-diverging lineage of smut fungi and a pathogen of cotton trees (Bombax ceiba). To study the evolutionary genomics of smut fungi in comparison with other fungal and oomycete pathogens, the genome of C. bombacis was sequenced and comparative genomic analyses were performed. The genome of 26.09 Mb encodes for 8,024 proteins, of which 576 are putative-secreted effector proteins (PSEPs). Orthology analysis revealed 30 ortholog PSEPs among six Ustilaginomycotina genomes, the largest groups of which are lytic enzymes, such as aspartic peptidase and glycoside hydrolase. Positive selection analyses revealed the highest percentage of positively selected PSEPs in C. bombacis compared with other Ustilaginomycotina genomes. Metabolic pathway analyses revealed the absence of genes encoding for nitrite and nitrate reductase in the genome of the human skin pathogen Malassezia globosa, but these enzymes are present in the sequenced plant pathogens in smut fungi. Interestingly, these genes are also absent in cultivable oomycete animal pathogens, while nitrate reductase has been lost in cultivable oomycete plant pathogens. Similar patterns were also observed for obligate biotrophic and hemi-biotrophic fungal and oomycete pathogens. Furthermore, it was found that both fungal and oomycete animal pathogen genomes are lacking cutinases and pectinesterases. Overall, these findings highlight the parallel evolution of certain genomic traits, revealing potential common evolutionary trajectories among fungal and oomycete pathogens, shaping the pathogen genomes according to their lifestyle.
Julia Kruse - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
The first smut fungus, Thecaphora anthemidis sp. nov. (Glomosporiaceae), described from Anthemis (Asteraceae)
MycoKeys, 2018Co-Authors: Julia Kruse, Roger G Shivas, Volker Kummer, Marco ThinesAbstract:There are 63 known species of Thecaphora (Glomosporiaceae, Ustilaginomycotina), a third of which occur on Asteraceae. These smut fungi produce yellowish-brown to reddish-brown masses of spore balls in specific, mostly regenerative, plant organs. A species of Thecaphora was collected in the flower heads of Anthemis chia (Anthemideae, Asteraceae) on Rhodes Island, Greece, in 2015 and 2017, which represents the first smut record of a smut fungus on a host plant species in this tribe. Based on its distinctive morphology, host species and genetic divergence, this species is described as Thecaphora anthemidis sp. nov. Molecular barcodes of the ITS region are provided for this and several other species of Thecaphora. A phylogenetic and morphological comparison to closely related species showed that Th. anthemidis differed from other species of Thecaphora. Thecaphora anthemidis produced loose spore balls in the flower heads and peduncles of Anthemis chia unlike other flower-infecting species.
-
Ustilago species causing leaf-stripe smut revisited
IMA Fungus, 2018Co-Authors: Julia Kruse, Wolfgang Dietrich, Horst Zimmermann, Friedemann Klenke, Udo Richter, Heidrun Richter, Marco ThinesAbstract:Leaf-stripe smuts on grasses are a highly polyphyletic group within Ustilaginomycotina , occurring in three genera, Tilletia, Urocystis , and Ustilago . Currently more than 12 Ustilago species inciting stripe smuts are recognised. The majority belong to the Ustilago striiformis -complex, with about 30 different taxa described from 165 different plant species. This study aims to assess whether host distinct-lineages can be observed amongst the Ustilago leaf-stripe smuts using nine different loci on a representative set. Phylogenetic reconstructions supported the monophyly of the Ustilago striiformis -complex that causes leaf-stripe and the polyphyly of other leaf-stripe smuts within Ustilago . Furthermore, smut specimens from the same host genus generally clustered together in well-supported clades that often had available species names for these lineages. In addition to already-named lineages, three new lineages were observed, and described as new species on the basis of host specificity and molecular differences: namely Ustilago jagei sp. nov. on Agrostis stolonifera, U. kummeri sp. nov. on Bromus inermis , and U. neocopinata sp. nov. on Dactylis glomerata .
-
New smut-specific primers for the ITS barcoding of Ustilaginomycotina
Mycological Progress, 2017Co-Authors: Julia Kruse, Young-joon Choi, Marco ThinesAbstract:The smut fungi (Ustilaginomycotina) are a highly diverse group, containing about 115 genera and 1700 species, most of which are biotrophic plant pathogens. As for other fungal groups, the ITS rDNA region is widely used to determine smut fungi at species level due to its high discriminatory power and for phylogenetic reconstructions within genera. So far, two primer sets, ITS1/ITS4 and M-ITS1/ITS4, were generally used to amplify smut fungi, but these often co-amplify host plants or contaminant fungi and do not yield satisfactory amplification for a variety of smut fungi. In the present study, based on a selection of genera that include more than 90% of the species of smut fungi (more than half of the genera of smut fungi), three new primers, smITS-F, smITS-R1 and smITS-R2, situated in the SSU or LSU region, were designed to avoid the amplification of host plants and to extend the coverage of PCR amplification for as many smut genera as possible.
Matthias Lutz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Integrative analysis of the West African Ceraceosorus africanus sp. nov. provides insights into the diversity, biogeography, and evolution of the enigmatic Ceraceosorales (Fungi: Ustilaginomycotina)
Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 2016Co-Authors: Marcin Piątek, Dariusz Karasiński, Kai Riess, Nourou S. Yorou, Matthias LutzAbstract:The order Ceraceosorales (Ustilaginomycotina) currently includes the single genus Ceraceosorus , with one species, Ceraceosorus bombacis , parasitic on Bombax ceiba in India. The diversity, biogeography, evolution, and phylogenetic relationships of this order are still relatively unknown. Here, a second species of Ceraceosorus is described from West Africa as a novel species, Ceraceosorus africanus , infecting Bombax costatum in Benin, Ghana, and Togo. This species produces conspicuous fructifications, similar to corticioid basidiomata when mature, but sorus-like in early stages of ontogenetic development. The fructifications cover much of the leaf surface and resemble leaf blight. This contrasts with the inconspicuous fructifications of C. bombacis comprising small spots scattered over the lower leaf surface that resemble leaf spot. Both species of Ceraceosorus differ in several micromorphological traits, infect different host plant species in widely separated geographical areas, and are separated by a considerable genetic distance in 28S rDNA and RPB2 genes. The distinct corticioid fructification of C. africanus is a unique morphological trait within the Ustilaginomycotina. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of a single gene dataset (D1/D2 28S rDNA) supported the monophyly of the two Ceraceosorus species and the Ceraceosorales and their placement within the Ustilaginomycotina. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of a multigene dataset (18S/5.8S/28S rDNA/RPB2/TEF1) revealed Exobasidium rhododendri (Exobasidiales) as the closest relative of Ceraceosorus , both clustering together with Entyloma calendulae (Entylomatales), indicating affinities to the Exobasidiomycetes. This phylogenetic placement is in agreement with ultrastructural characteristics (presence of local interaction zone and interaction apparatus) reported for the Ceraceosorales, Entylomatales, and Exobasidiales.
-
on the evolutionary history of uleiella chilensis a smut fungus parasite of araucaria araucana in south america uleiellales ord nov in ustilaginomycetes
PLOS ONE, 2016Co-Authors: Kai Riess, Matthias Lutz, Franz Oberwinkler, Heinz Butin, Max Emil Schon, Sigisfredo GarnicaAbstract:The evolutionary history, divergence times and phylogenetic relationships of Uleiella chilensis (Ustilaginomycotina, smut fungi) associated with Araucaria araucana were analysed. DNA sequences from multiple gene regions and morphology were analysed and compared to other members of the Basidiomycota to determine the phylogenetic placement of smut fungi on gymnosperms. Divergence time estimates indicate that the majority of smut fungal orders diversified during the Triassic–Jurassic period. However, the origin and relationships of several orders remain uncertain. The most recent common ancestor between Uleiella chilensis and Violaceomyces palustris has been dated to the Lower Cretaceous. Comparisons of divergence time estimates between smut fungi and host plants lead to the hypothesis that the early Ustilaginomycotina had a saprobic lifestyle. As there are only two extant species of Araucaria in South America, each hosting a unique Uleiella species, we suggest that either coevolution or a host shift followed by allopatric speciation are the most likely explanations for the current geographic restriction of Uleiella and its low diversity. Phylogenetic and age estimation analyses, ecology, the unusual life-cycle and the peculiar combination of septal and haustorial characteristics support Uleiella chilensis as a distinct lineage among the Ustilaginomycotina. Here, we describe a new ustilaginomycetous order, the Uleiellales to accommodate Uleiella. Within the Ustilaginomycetes, Uleiellales are sister taxon to the Violaceomycetales.
-
Chronogram for Ustilaginomycotina evolution.
2016Co-Authors: Matthias Lutz, Kai Riess, Franz Oberwinkler, Max E. Schön, Heinz Butin, Sigisfredo GarnicaAbstract:The tree topology represents the consensus of trees inferred with BEAST from combined 18S, ITS, 28S, rpb2 and EF1α sequences from 23 Ustilaginomycotina species and Colacogloea peniophorae (Pucciniomycotina) as outgroup. Numbers on branches before slashes are ML bootstrap support (BS) values (≥ 70); numbers on branches after slashes are estimates for a posteriori probabilities (PP, ≥ 0.90). The lines in bold indicate a maximum support of 100/1.00. The age estimation values (in million years ago, mya) are given for each node. The age estimation mean is followed by the 95% highest density probability (HDP) range in square brackets. The Ustilaginomycotina classes are depicted (see legend) and they are in agreement with the recently published study by Wang et al. [56].
-
Expanding evolutionary diversity in the Ustilaginomycotina: Fereydouniaceae fam. nov. and Fereydounia gen. nov., the first urocystidalean yeast lineage
Mycological Progress, 2014Co-Authors: Shaghayegh Nasr, Matthias Lutz, Mohammad Reza Soudi, Seyed Abolhassan Shahzadeh Fazeli, Hai D. T. Nguyen, Marcin PiątekAbstract:The systematic position of two strains of a yeast-like fungus isolated from plant remnants on the Kharg Island in the Persian Gulf of Iran is evaluated using morphological, physiological and phylogenetic analyses. In culture, this fungus produced cylindrical cells that reproduced by polar budding on short stalks. Production of ballistoconidia and blastospores was observed. The carbon source assimilation spectrum was broad, but fermentation ability was absent. Phylogenetic analyses of the nuclear SSU, LSU (D1/D2 domain), and ITS rDNA revealed that this fungus represents a new lineage in the Urocystidales of the subphylum Ustilaginomycotina. Based on the comparison of phenotypic characters, physiology, and DNA sequences, a new genus and species Fereydounia khargensis (IBRC-M 30116^T = CBS 13305^T) is described for this fungus and accommodated in the novel family Fereydouniaceae. This is the first report of anamorphic saprobic fungus residing in the Urocystidales, stressing the remarkable evolutionary diversity in the subphylum Ustilaginomycotina.
-
the rare smut fungus urocystis fischeri urocystidales Ustilaginomycotina from the outer hebrides scotland with notes on its systematic position
2013Co-Authors: Paul A Smith, Matthias LutzAbstract:Urocystis fischeri Korn. is a smut fungus that forms blisters in the leaves of several species of sedges Carex spp. Vanky (2012) gives 28 species and one hybrid as hosts. Vanky (1994) has 23 and one of these respectively in Europe (Fig. 1), but most of these are not known as hosts in the British Isles. There are fewer than 30 distinct records of U. fischeri from the British Isles according to FRDBI (www.fieldmycology.net/FRDBI), mainly from Carex flacca Schreb. (glaucous sedge), with a few records from C. panicea L. (carnation sedge) and one from C. nigra (L.) Reichard (common sedge).
Teun Boekhout - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
diversity of tilletiopsis like fungi in exobasidiomycetes Ustilaginomycotina and description of six novel species
Frontiers in Microbiology, 2019Co-Authors: Christian Richter, Andrey Yurkov, Teun Boekhout, Marc StadlerAbstract:In 2006 several yeast-like fungi were isolated from apples that showed a postharvest disorder named "white haze." These strains were morphologically and molecularly assigned to the genus Tilletiopsis. Following the recent reclassification of yeasts in Ustilaginomycotina and the genus Tilletiopsis in particular, species that caused "white haze" disorder were re-identified based on the phylogenetic analysis of five DNA-loci (ITS, LSU, SSU, RPB2, and TEF1) and analysis of D1/D2 domains of the 26S/28S rRNA (LSU). Six novel species belonging to three orders in the Exobasidiomycetes, namely Entyloma belangeri (holotype: CBS 111600; ex-type: DSM 29114) MB 823155, Entyloma davenportii (holotype: CBS 111604; ex-type: DSM 100135) MB 823154, Entyloma elstari (holotype: CBS 111593; ex-type: DSM 29113) MB 823153, Entyloma randwijkense (holotype: CBS 111606; ex-type: DSM 100136) MB 823156, Jamesdicksonia mali (holotype: CBS 111625; ex-type: DSM 29121) MB 823151 and Golubevia heteromorpha (holotype: CBS 111610; ex-type: DSM 100176) MB 823152 are proposed to accommodate these strains. In addition, sequences representing phylogenetically related but yet undescribed fungi were obtained from GenBank in order to show the diversity of Tilletiopsis-like yeast states in Exobasidiomycetes.
-
multigene phylogeny and taxonomic revision of yeasts and related fungi in the Ustilaginomycotina
Studies in Mycology, 2015Co-Authors: Q M Wang, Teun Boekhout, Dominik Begerow, Fengyan Bai, Marizeth Groenewald, Xinzhan Liu, Bart TheelenAbstract:The subphylum Ustilaginomycotina (Basidiomycota, Fungi) comprises mainly plant pathogenic fungi (smuts). Some of the lineages possess cultivable unicellular stages that are usually classified as yeast or yeast-like species in a largely artificial taxonomic system which is independent from and largely incompatible with that of the smut fungi. Here we performed phylogenetic analyses based on seven genes including three nuclear ribosomal RNA genes and four protein coding genes to address the molecular phylogeny of the ustilaginomycetous yeast species and their filamentous counterparts. Taxonomic revisions were proposed to reflect this phylogeny and to implement the ‘One Fungus = One Name’ principle. The results confirmed that the yeast-containing classes Malasseziomycetes, Moniliellomycetes and Ustilaginomycetes are monophyletic, whereas Exobasidiomycetes in the current sense remains paraphyletic. Four new genera, namely Dirkmeia gen. nov., Kalmanozyma gen. nov., Golubevia gen. nov. and Robbauera gen. nov. are proposed to accommodate Pseudozyma and Tilletiopsis species that are distinct from the other smut taxa and belong to clades that are separate from those containing type species of the hitherto described genera. Accordingly, new orders Golubeviales ord. nov. with Golubeviaceae fam. nov. and Robbauerales ord. nov. with Robbaueraceae fam. nov. are proposed to accommodate the sisterhood of Golubevia gen. nov. and Robbauera gen. nov. with other orders of Exobasidiomycetes. The majority of the remaining anamorphic yeast species are transferred to corresponding teleomorphic genera based on strongly supported phylogenetic affinities, resulting in the proposal of 28 new combinations. The taxonomic status of a few Pseudozyma species remains to be determined because of their uncertain phylogenetic positions. We propose to use the term pro tempore or pro tem. in abbreviation to indicate the single-species lineages that are temporarily maintained.
-
malassezia infections in humans and animals pathophysiology detection and treatment
PLOS Pathogens, 2015Co-Authors: Aristea Velegraki, Claudia Cafarchia, Georgios Gaitanis, Roberta Iatta, Teun BoekhoutAbstract:The fungal genus Malassezia comprises lipid-dependent and lipophilic yeast species that are part of the normal skin microbiota [1]. The 14 species are classified in class Malasseziomycetes in the Ustilaginomycotina of Basidiomycota [2]. Malassezia species can be involved in skin disorders, such as pityriasis versicolor, seborrheic dermatitis, atopic eczema, and folliculitis, and occur at higher population densities on scalps with dandruff than on scalps without dandruff [3], [4]. Occasionally, invasive infections by Malassezia pachydermatis and lipid-dependent Malassezia spp. occur in neonates, most often in those who are receiving intravenous lipid supplementation, or in immunocompromised patients receiving parenteral nutrition via a catheter. Malassezia spp. have not yet been cultured from the environment, but metagenomics identified Malassezia phylotypes from terrestrial and marine habitats [5]. For instance, Malassezia ribosomal DNA (rDNA) has been reported from soil nematodes [6], sponges [7], and rocks [8]. Undeniably, much remains to be discovered about the spectrum of habitats exploited by Malassezia that would advance our knowledge on the ecological relationships between the Malassezia skin biotic community, their hosts, and the environment. The aim of this article is to review and discuss the literature available on the pathogenesis, detection, typing, and treatment of Malassezia infections in humans and animals.
Dominik Begerow - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
notes outline and divergence times of basidiomycota
Fungal Diversity, 2019Co-Authors: Mao Qiang He, Martin Kemler, Andrey Yurkov, Olivier Raspé, Eric H. C. Mckenzie, Ruilin Zhao, Dominik Begerow, Makoto KakishimaAbstract:The Basidiomycota constitutes a major phylum of the kingdom Fungi and is second in species numbers to the Ascomycota. The present work provides an overview of all validly published, currently used basidiomycete genera to date in a single document. An outline of all genera of Basidiomycota is provided, which includes 1928 currently used genera names, with 1263 synonyms, which are distributed in 241 families, 68 orders, 18 classes and four subphyla. We provide brief notes for each accepted genus including information on classification, number of accepted species, type species, life mode, habitat, distribution, and sequence information. Furthermore, three phylogenetic analyses with combined LSU, SSU, 5.8s, rpb1, rpb2, and ef1 datasets for the subphyla Agaricomycotina, Pucciniomycotina and Ustilaginomycotina are conducted, respectively. Divergence time estimates are provided to the family level with 632 species from 62 orders, 168 families and 605 genera. Our study indicates that the divergence times of the subphyla in Basidiomycota are 406–430 Mya, classes are 211–383 Mya, and orders are 99–323 Mya, which are largely consistent with previous studies. In this study, all phylogenetically supported families were dated, with the families of Agaricomycotina diverging from 27–178 Mya, Pucciniomycotina from 85–222 Mya, and Ustilaginomycotina from 79–177 Mya. Divergence times as additional criterion in ranking provide additional evidence to resolve taxonomic problems in the Basidiomycota taxonomic system, and also provide a better understanding of their phylogeny and evolution.
-
competing sexual and asexual generic names in pucciniomycotina and Ustilaginomycotina basidiomycota and recommendations for use
IMA fungus, 2018Co-Authors: Catherine M Aime, Dominik Begerow, Mahajabeen Padamsee, Lisa A Castlebury, Mehrdad Abbasi, Reinhard Berndt, Roland Kirschner, Ludmila Marvanova, Markus Scholler, Marco ThinesAbstract:With the change to one scientific name for pleomorphic fungi, generic names typified by sexual and asexual morphs have been evaluated to recommend which name to use when two names represent the same genus and thus compete for use. In this paper, generic names in Pucciniomycotina and Ustilaginomycotina are evaluated based on their type species to determine which names are synonyms. Twenty-one sets of sexually and asexually typified names in Pucciniomycotina and eight sets in Ustilaginomycotina were determined to be congeneric and compete for use. Recommendations are made as to which generic name to use. In most cases the principle of priority is followed. However, eight generic names in the Pucciniomycotina, and none in Ustilaginomycotina, are recommended for protection: Classicula over Naiadella, Gymnosporangium over Roestelia, Helicobasidium over Thanatophytum and Tuberculina, Melampsorella over Peridermium, Milesina over Milesia, Phragmidium over Aregma, Sporobolomyces over Blastoderma and Rhodomyces, and Uromyces over Uredo. In addition, eight new combinations are made: Blastospora juruensis, B. subneurophyla, Cronartium bethelii, C. kurilense, C. sahoanum, C. yamabense, Milesina polypodii, and Prospodium crusculum combs. nov.
-
multigene phylogeny and taxonomic revision of yeasts and related fungi in the Ustilaginomycotina
Studies in Mycology, 2015Co-Authors: Q M Wang, Teun Boekhout, Dominik Begerow, Fengyan Bai, Marizeth Groenewald, Xinzhan Liu, Bart TheelenAbstract:The subphylum Ustilaginomycotina (Basidiomycota, Fungi) comprises mainly plant pathogenic fungi (smuts). Some of the lineages possess cultivable unicellular stages that are usually classified as yeast or yeast-like species in a largely artificial taxonomic system which is independent from and largely incompatible with that of the smut fungi. Here we performed phylogenetic analyses based on seven genes including three nuclear ribosomal RNA genes and four protein coding genes to address the molecular phylogeny of the ustilaginomycetous yeast species and their filamentous counterparts. Taxonomic revisions were proposed to reflect this phylogeny and to implement the ‘One Fungus = One Name’ principle. The results confirmed that the yeast-containing classes Malasseziomycetes, Moniliellomycetes and Ustilaginomycetes are monophyletic, whereas Exobasidiomycetes in the current sense remains paraphyletic. Four new genera, namely Dirkmeia gen. nov., Kalmanozyma gen. nov., Golubevia gen. nov. and Robbauera gen. nov. are proposed to accommodate Pseudozyma and Tilletiopsis species that are distinct from the other smut taxa and belong to clades that are separate from those containing type species of the hitherto described genera. Accordingly, new orders Golubeviales ord. nov. with Golubeviaceae fam. nov. and Robbauerales ord. nov. with Robbaueraceae fam. nov. are proposed to accommodate the sisterhood of Golubevia gen. nov. and Robbauera gen. nov. with other orders of Exobasidiomycetes. The majority of the remaining anamorphic yeast species are transferred to corresponding teleomorphic genera based on strongly supported phylogenetic affinities, resulting in the proposal of 28 new combinations. The taxonomic status of a few Pseudozyma species remains to be determined because of their uncertain phylogenetic positions. We propose to use the term pro tempore or pro tem. in abbreviation to indicate the single-species lineages that are temporarily maintained.
-
anther smut fungi on monocots
Fungal Biology, 2008Co-Authors: Robert Bauer, Matthias Lutz, Marcin Piątek, Kalman Vanky, Kamila Bacigálová, Dominik Begerow, Franz OberwinklerAbstract:Teliospores, hyphal septa, cellular interactions, and nucleotide sequences from the ITS and LSU region of the rRNA gene of specimens of Ustilago vaillantii s. lat. on Muscari and Scilla species were examined and compared with findings in other Ustilaginomycotina. The data show that U. vaillantii s. lat. specimens belong to the Urocystales and represent the sister group of the Urocystaceae, standing well apart from Vankya heufleri and V. ornithogali. Within the Urocystales, U. vaillantii s. lat. is unique in sporulating in the anthers of the host plants. Accordingly, the new genus Antherospora is proposed for the anther smuts on Hyacinthaceae. In addition, our data show that there is a stringent phylogenetic correlation between the specimens of Antherospora and their respective hosts. Thus, the specimens on Scilla spp. as well as those on Muscari spp. form highly supported monophyla. Furthermore, on Scilla a phylogenetic dichotomy exists between the specimens infecting Scilla bifolia and those infecting S. vindobonensis, with the specimens of the two host species showing a difference of 17 bp in the ITS nucleotide sequences. Therefore, A. vindobonensis is described as a new species, and A. scillae and A. vaillantii are proposed as new combinations. Consequently, because of their sporulation in anthers and their parasitism on species of other genera of the Hyacinthaceae, Ustilago albucae, U. peglerae, U. tourneuxii, and U. urgineae are also ascribed to Antherospora as new combinations. Descriptions are given for all species.
-
a phylogenetic hypothesis of Ustilaginomycotina based on multiple gene analyses and morphological data
Mycologia, 2006Co-Authors: Dominik Begerow, Matthias Stoll, Robert BauerAbstract:The subphylum Ustilaginomycotina comprises about 1500 species of basidiomycetous plant parasites. They are usually dimorphic, producing a saprobic haploid yeast phase and a parasitic dikaryotic hyphal phase. With only a few exceptions they occur on angiosperms and are found mainly on members of the Poaceae and Cyperaceae. Molecular methods recently have shown that anamorphic species such as members of Malassezia or Tilletiopsis should be included in this group. Here we present the most recent consensus as to the phylogeny of this group and discuss its relevant characteristics. Our morphological, ultrastructural and molecular phylogenetic data point to the existence of three lines of Ustilaginomycotina: Entorrhizomycetes, Ustilaginomycetes and Exobasidiomycetes. Entorrhizomycetes is represented by Entorrhizales, a small group of unusual teliosporic root parasites on Juncaceae and Cyperaceae. Ustilaginomycetes, to which the majority of Ustilaginomycotina belong, is a teliosporic and gastroid group characterized by the presence of enlarged interaction zones. Ustilaginomycetes is dichotomous, consisting of predominantly holobasidiate Urocystales and predominantly phragmobasidiate Ustilaginales. Exobasidiomycetes forms local interaction zones. This group is predominantly holobasidiate and consists of teliosporic Doassansiales, Entylomatales, Georgefischeriales and Tilletiales, nonteliosporic Ceraceosorales, Exobasidiales and Microstromatales, as well as the anamorphic Malasseziales. Entorrhizomycetes, Exobasidiomycetes and Ceraceosorales are proposed as new taxa, and the description of Ustilaginomycetes is emended.
