The Experts below are selected from a list of 3792 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Masamichi Yano - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
serum β cryptoxanthin and β carotene derived from Satsuma mandarin and brachial ankle pulse wave velocity the mikkabi cohort study
Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 2016Co-Authors: Mieko Nakamura, Yoshinori Ikoma, Minoru Sugiura, Kazunori Ogawa, Masamichi YanoAbstract:Abstract Background and aims Findings of observational studies suggest cardioprotective effects of antioxidant vitamins and carotenoids. However, recent meta-analyses failed to show the beneficial effects of supplemental intake of antioxidants on cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to assess the association between CVD risk and β-cryptoxanthin in Japan, where Satsuma mandarin, a major source of β-cryptoxanthin, is widely consumed. Methods and results This was part of the Mikkabi cohort study. Surveys were conducted at baseline, in 2003 and 2005, and on follow-up in 2006, 2009, and 2013. We examined brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) with a high cut-off value set at 18.3 m s−1. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals for high baPWV were estimated using a Cox proportional hazards model with adjustment for potential confounders. A total of 635 participants with baPWV of less than 18.3 m s−1 at baseline were included in the analysis. During the follow-up period of 57,921 person-months, 99 subjects developed high baPWV. After multivariate adjustment, the HR for high baPWV in the highest tertile compared with the lowest tertile was significantly low for β-cryptoxanthin, β-carotene, and total carotenoids. Serum concentrations of β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene were higher in people who ate Satsuma mandarin frequently. Compared with Conclusion This study indicated that β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene derived from Satsuma mandarin are candidate micronutrients for preventing arteriosclerosis development. Further longitudinal and interventional studies will be required to validate the effect on CVD.
-
Absorption, Storage and Distribution of β-Cryptoxanthin in Rat after Chronic Administration of Satsuma Mandarin (Citrus unshiu MARC.) Juice
Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin, 2013Co-Authors: Minoru Sugiura, Kazunori Ogawa, Masamichi YanoAbstract:Fruits and vegetables contain numerous antioxidants, such as carotenoids. Recent epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that a high dietary consumption of fruit and vegetables rich in carotenoids or with high serum carotenoid concentrations results in lower risks of certain cancers, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. These results indicate that absorbed carotenoids are stored in various organs. Previously, we found that β-cryptoxanthin, found especially in Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu MARC.), is easily absorbed and can also survive for a relatively long time in the human body; however, little is known about the absorption, storage, and tissue distribution of β-cryptoxanthin. In this study, we measured serum and the content of β-cryptoxanthin in several rat tissues after chronic ingestion of Satsuma mandarin extract rich in β-cryptoxanthin. Rats were fed a standard commercial diet containing Satsuma mandarin extract (containing β-cryptoxanthin at 11.7 mg/kg diet) for eight weeks. After 3 h of fasting, serum, liver, spleen, kidney, lung, heart, testis, brain, and epididymal fat were collected. The concentrations of β-cryptoxanthin in serum and tissues were evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography. There was a wide range in the tissue levels of β-cryptoxanthin; liver had the greatest value, with 1265.3 ng/g tissue, followed by spleen, kidney, lung, heart, brain, and testis. Epididymal fat had the lowest value, with 6.99 ng/g tissue. β-Cryptoxanthin was also detected in serum in a concentration of 5.76 ng/mL. These results indicate that β-cryptoxanthin is easily absorbed and accumulated in several organs.
-
chronic administration of Satsuma mandarin fruit citrus unshiu marc improves oxidative stress in streptozotocin induced diabetic rat liver
Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 2006Co-Authors: Minoru Sugiura, Makoto Ohshima, Kazunori Ogawa, Masamichi YanoAbstract:Fruits and vegetables contain numerous antioxidants such as carotenoids, vitamins, and phenolic phytochemicals. Recent studies have demonstrated that antioxidants may reduce the risk for diabetes or its complications. In this study, we investigated the effects of the chronic administration of Satsuma mandarin fruit on an antioxidant defense system in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat liver. After a ten-week administration of Satsuma mandarin, antioxidant enzymes and glutathione levels in the liver were evaluated. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione-peroxidase (GPx) activities, and glutathione level in the STZ-induced diabetic rats liver decreased significantly compared with those in the age-matched normal rats. The glutathione-reductase (GR) activities did not differ significantly between these two groups. In contrast, the SOD, GR, and glutathione levels in the Satsuma mandarin (1% or 3%) diet-fed STZ-diabetic rat livers were significantly higher than those in the normal diet-fed STZ-diabetic rat livers. In addition, although the serum alanine aminotransferase and γ-glutamyl-aminotransferase concentrations of normal diet-fed STZ-diabetic rats were significantly higher than those of the age-matched normal rats, these increments of serum liver enzymes were diminished by the chronic administration of Satsuma mandarin. These results suggest that Satsuma mandarin may act as a suppressor against liver cell damage and inhibit the progression of liver dysfunction induced by chronic hyperglycemia.
-
multiple linear regression analysis of the seasonal changes in the serum concentration of β cryptoxanthin
Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, 2004Co-Authors: Minoru Sugiura, Yoshinori Ikoma, Hikaru Matsumoto, Masamichi Yano, Masaya Kato, Akihiko NagaoAbstract:Beta-cryptoxanthin (beta-CRX) is a carotenoid pigment found in Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) fruit, which is heavily produced in Japan. In this study, we evaluated the seasonal changes in the serum beta-CRX level and investigated predictors of serum beta-CRX level by multiple linear regression analysis. Blood tests and self-administered questionnaires were used every other month for one year. The subjects were healthy volunteers, 15 males and 12 females. The serum beta-CRX levels increased dramatically as the intake of Satsuma mandarin increased; the maximum increase was noted in January. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that, in males, the serum beta-CRX level could be predicted by Satsuma mandarin intake, age and the month of blood sampling; however, it was inversely associated with alcohol and smoking habits. Conversely, in females, the serum beta-CRX concentration could be predicted by Satsuma mandarin intake, the month of blood sampling and age; however, it was inversely associated with body mass index. The results of multiple linear regression analysis suggest that the serum beta-CRX levels can be used to evaluate the intake volume of Satsuma mandarin. Furthermore, beta-CRX is a useful biomarker to estimate the beneficial effects of Satsuma mandarin intake in epidemiological studies.
-
accumulation of carotenoids and expression of carotenoid biosynthetic genes during maturation in citrus fruit
Plant Physiology, 2004Co-Authors: Masaya Kato, Yoshinori Ikoma, Hikaru Matsumoto, Minoru Sugiura, Hiroshi Hyodo, Masamichi YanoAbstract:The relationship between carotenoid accumulation and the expression of carotenoid biosynthetic genes during fruit maturation was investigated in three citrus varieties, Satsuma mandarin ( Citrus unshiu Marc.), Valencia orange ( Citrus sinensis Osbeck), and Lisbon lemon ( Citrus limon Burm.f.). We cloned the cDNAs for phytoene synthase ( CitPSY ), phytoene desaturase ( CitPDS ), ζ-carotene (car) desaturase ( CitZDS ), carotenoid isomerase ( CitCRTISO ), lycopene β-cyclase ( CitLCYb ), β-ring hydroxylase ( CitHYb ), zeaxanthin (zea) epoxidase ( CitZEP ), and lycopene ϵ-cyclase ( CitLCYe ) from Satsuma mandarin, which shared high identities in nucleotide sequences with Valencia orange, Lisbon lemon, and other plant species. With the transition of peel color from green to orange, the change from β,ϵ-carotenoid (α-car and lutein) accumulation to β,β-carotenoid (β-car, β-cryptoxanthin, zea, and violaxanthin) accumulation was observed in the flavedos of Satsuma mandarin and Valencia orange, accompanying the disappearance of CitLCYe transcripts and the increase in CitLCYb transcripts. Even in green fruit, high levels of β,ϵ-carotenoids and CitLCYe transcripts were not observed in the juice sacs. As fruit maturation progressed in Satsuma mandarin and Valencia orange, a simultaneous increase in the expression of genes ( CitPSY, CitPDS, CitZDS, CitLCYb, CitHYb , and CitZEP ) led to massive β,β-xanthophyll (β-cryptoxanthin, zea, and violaxanthin) accumulation in both the flavedo and juice sacs. The gene expression of CitCRTISO was kept low or decreased in the flavedo during massive β,β-xanthophyll accumulation. In the flavedo of Lisbon lemon and Satsuma mandarin, massive accumulation of phytoene was observed with a decrease in the transcript level for CitPDS . Thus, the carotenoid accumulation during citrus fruit maturation was highly regulated by the coordination of the expression among carotenoid biosynthetic genes. In this paper, the mechanism leading to diversity in β,β-xanthophyll compositions between Satsuma mandarin and Valencia orange was also discussed on the basis of the substrate specificity of β-ring hydroxylase and the balance of expression between upstream synthesis genes ( CitPSY, CitPDS, CitZDS , and CitLCYb ) and downstream synthesis genes ( CitHYb and CitZEP ).
Minoru Sugiura - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Health Effects of β-Cryptoxanthin and β-Cryptoxanthin-Enriched Satsuma Mandarin Juice
Nutrients in Beverages, 2019Co-Authors: Mieko Nakamura, Minoru SugiuraAbstract:Abstract Carotenoids are a widely distributed group of naturally occurring pigments, usually yellow, red, or orange in color. Of the six major carotenoids found in human serum, little is known on the physiological functions of β-cryptoxanthin compared with those of β-carotene or lycopene. In Japan, Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.), which contains high concentrations of β-cryptoxanthin, is locally grown and is the most widely consumed domestic citrus fruit. First, characteristics of β-cryptoxanthin, such as absorption, storage, and distribution are outlined. Next, possible association between β-cryptoxanthin and lifestyle-related diseases, such as osteoporosis, diabetes, liver dysfunction, arteriosclerosis, and metabolic syndrome were reviewed from the results of experimental and epidemiological observational studies. Finally, β-cryptoxanthin-enriched Satsuma mandarin juice was introduced, and evidence from randomized controlled trials on the effects of β-cryptoxanthin-enriched Satsuma mandarin juice supplementation on liver function and cardiovascular risk were summarized.
-
effect of β cryptoxanthin rich Satsuma mandarin juice supplementation on pulse wave velocity a randomized controlled trial
Journal of Nutrition and Intermediary Metabolism, 2017Co-Authors: Mieko Nakamura, Minoru Sugiura, Y. Shibata, Toshiyuki OjimaAbstract:Abstract Background and Aims Cohort studies in Japan indicate that citrus fruit and β-cryptoxanthin–rich Satsuma mandarin are candidate foods for lowering cardiovascular risk; however, there have been few intervention studies of β-cryptoxanthin and Satsuma mandarin supplementation. Methods and Results A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind parallel trial was performed. Apparently healthy men and women were randomly assigned to two groups: one receiving concentrated β-cryptoxanthin–rich Satsuma mandarin juice (β-cryptoxanthin 4 mg per 125 mL/day: active group) and one receiving β-cryptoxanthin–deprived Satsuma mandarin juice (β-cryptoxanthin 0 mg per 125 mL/day: control group) for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), which assesses arterial stiffness. An oxidative stress biomarker and clinical outcomes were also evaluated. Effect of the intervention on the outcome variables was analyzed using generalized linear mixed models. After the trial, a prespecified 8-month follow-up examination was conducted. One hundred eighteen subjects were randomly assigned, and 117 completed the intervention. Serum β-cryptoxanthin concentration was increased among the active group after β-cryptoxanthin–rich Satsuma mandarin juice supplementation. Both supplementations lowered baPWV and oxidative stress biomarker levels; however, there was no additional effect in the active group compared with the control group. At the 8-month examination, the increase in baPWV among the active group was smaller than that among the control group. Conclusion Satsuma mandarin juice supplementation is potentially beneficial for reducing cardiovascular risk; however, additional β-cryptoxanthin supplementation did not enhance this effect. Further study is needed to evaluate the long-term effect of β-cryptoxanthin supplementation. Registration UMIN-CTR, UMIN000013579.
-
Effect of β-cryptoxanthin–rich Satsuma mandarin juice supplementation on pulse wave velocity: A randomized controlled trial
Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism, 2017Co-Authors: Mieko Nakamura, Minoru Sugiura, Y. Shibata, Toshiyuki OjimaAbstract:Abstract Background and Aims Cohort studies in Japan indicate that citrus fruit and β-cryptoxanthin–rich Satsuma mandarin are candidate foods for lowering cardiovascular risk; however, there have been few intervention studies of β-cryptoxanthin and Satsuma mandarin supplementation. Methods and Results A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind parallel trial was performed. Apparently healthy men and women were randomly assigned to two groups: one receiving concentrated β-cryptoxanthin–rich Satsuma mandarin juice (β-cryptoxanthin 4 mg per 125 mL/day: active group) and one receiving β-cryptoxanthin–deprived Satsuma mandarin juice (β-cryptoxanthin 0 mg per 125 mL/day: control group) for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), which assesses arterial stiffness. An oxidative stress biomarker and clinical outcomes were also evaluated. Effect of the intervention on the outcome variables was analyzed using generalized linear mixed models. After the trial, a prespecified 8-month follow-up examination was conducted. One hundred eighteen subjects were randomly assigned, and 117 completed the intervention. Serum β-cryptoxanthin concentration was increased among the active group after β-cryptoxanthin–rich Satsuma mandarin juice supplementation. Both supplementations lowered baPWV and oxidative stress biomarker levels; however, there was no additional effect in the active group compared with the control group. At the 8-month examination, the increase in baPWV among the active group was smaller than that among the control group. Conclusion Satsuma mandarin juice supplementation is potentially beneficial for reducing cardiovascular risk; however, additional β-cryptoxanthin supplementation did not enhance this effect. Further study is needed to evaluate the long-term effect of β-cryptoxanthin supplementation. Registration UMIN-CTR, UMIN000013579.
-
serum β cryptoxanthin and β carotene derived from Satsuma mandarin and brachial ankle pulse wave velocity the mikkabi cohort study
Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 2016Co-Authors: Mieko Nakamura, Yoshinori Ikoma, Minoru Sugiura, Kazunori Ogawa, Masamichi YanoAbstract:Abstract Background and aims Findings of observational studies suggest cardioprotective effects of antioxidant vitamins and carotenoids. However, recent meta-analyses failed to show the beneficial effects of supplemental intake of antioxidants on cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to assess the association between CVD risk and β-cryptoxanthin in Japan, where Satsuma mandarin, a major source of β-cryptoxanthin, is widely consumed. Methods and results This was part of the Mikkabi cohort study. Surveys were conducted at baseline, in 2003 and 2005, and on follow-up in 2006, 2009, and 2013. We examined brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) with a high cut-off value set at 18.3 m s−1. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals for high baPWV were estimated using a Cox proportional hazards model with adjustment for potential confounders. A total of 635 participants with baPWV of less than 18.3 m s−1 at baseline were included in the analysis. During the follow-up period of 57,921 person-months, 99 subjects developed high baPWV. After multivariate adjustment, the HR for high baPWV in the highest tertile compared with the lowest tertile was significantly low for β-cryptoxanthin, β-carotene, and total carotenoids. Serum concentrations of β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene were higher in people who ate Satsuma mandarin frequently. Compared with Conclusion This study indicated that β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene derived from Satsuma mandarin are candidate micronutrients for preventing arteriosclerosis development. Further longitudinal and interventional studies will be required to validate the effect on CVD.
-
Absorption, Storage and Distribution of β-Cryptoxanthin in Rat after Chronic Administration of Satsuma Mandarin (Citrus unshiu MARC.) Juice
Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin, 2013Co-Authors: Minoru Sugiura, Kazunori Ogawa, Masamichi YanoAbstract:Fruits and vegetables contain numerous antioxidants, such as carotenoids. Recent epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that a high dietary consumption of fruit and vegetables rich in carotenoids or with high serum carotenoid concentrations results in lower risks of certain cancers, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. These results indicate that absorbed carotenoids are stored in various organs. Previously, we found that β-cryptoxanthin, found especially in Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu MARC.), is easily absorbed and can also survive for a relatively long time in the human body; however, little is known about the absorption, storage, and tissue distribution of β-cryptoxanthin. In this study, we measured serum and the content of β-cryptoxanthin in several rat tissues after chronic ingestion of Satsuma mandarin extract rich in β-cryptoxanthin. Rats were fed a standard commercial diet containing Satsuma mandarin extract (containing β-cryptoxanthin at 11.7 mg/kg diet) for eight weeks. After 3 h of fasting, serum, liver, spleen, kidney, lung, heart, testis, brain, and epididymal fat were collected. The concentrations of β-cryptoxanthin in serum and tissues were evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography. There was a wide range in the tissue levels of β-cryptoxanthin; liver had the greatest value, with 1265.3 ng/g tissue, followed by spleen, kidney, lung, heart, brain, and testis. Epididymal fat had the lowest value, with 6.99 ng/g tissue. β-Cryptoxanthin was also detected in serum in a concentration of 5.76 ng/mL. These results indicate that β-cryptoxanthin is easily absorbed and accumulated in several organs.
Xiuxin Deng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
comparative analysis of surface wax in mature fruits between Satsuma mandarin citrus unshiu and newhall navel orange citrus sinensis from the perspective of crystal morphology chemical composition and key gene expression
Food Chemistry, 2014Co-Authors: Jinqiu Wang, Juan Xu, Feng Chen, Yunjiang Cheng, Xiuxin DengAbstract:Abstract Surface wax of mature Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu) and ‘Newhall’ navel orange (Citrus sinensis) was analysed by crystal morphology, chemical composition, and gene expression levels. The epicuticular and total waxes of both citrus cultivars were mostly composed of aldehydes, alkanes, fatty acids and primary alcohols. The epicuticular wax accounted for 80% of the total wax in the Newhall fruits and was higher than that in the Satsuma fruits. Scanning electron microscopy showed that larger and more wax platelets were deposited on the surface of Newhall fruits than on the Satsuma fruits. Moreover, the expression levels of genes involved in the wax formation were consistent with the biochemical and crystal morphological analyses. These diversities of fruit wax between the two cultivars may contribute to the differences of fruit postharvest storage properties, which can provide important information for the production of synthetic wax for citrus fruits.
-
production of two mandarin trifoliate orange hybrid populations via embryo rescue with verification by ssr analysis
Euphytica, 2007Co-Authors: Mei-lian Tan, Jian-kun Song, Xiuxin DengAbstract:Intergeneric sexual hybridizations were conducted between two genera of Rutaceae, with Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc) and Red tangerine (C. reticulata Blanco) as maternal parents, and Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf as the paternal parent, in an effort to generate hybrid populations for both molecular mapping and rootstock breeding. Embryo rescue is important for citrus sexual breeding because polyembryony can interfere with hybrid embryo recovery. Immature embryos of 80, 85, 90 days after pollination (DAP) from the Satsuma mandarin (S) × trifoliate orange (P) cross, 80 and 85 DAP from the Red tangerine (R) × trifoliate orange (P) cross, were cultured on MG1.0 medium consisting of MT basal medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l−1 GA3 and 4% sucrose. The results showed that 80 DAP was the optimal time for embryo rescue of the tested crosses, as evidenced by embryos at this stage exhibiting high germination rates, 37.3% for S × P and 51.3% for R × P. Among the eight tested media, MT medium supplemented with 0.5 mg l−1 GA3 was the best one for Satsuma mandarin, and MT plus 1.0 mg l−1 GA3 for Red tangerine. A total of 85 plants were obtained from S × P, and 340 from R × P. Out of them, 44 progenies from S × P and 111 from R × P were sufficiently confirmed to be hybrids by morphological characterization and SSR analysis. In addition, two hybrid callus lines were obtained from S × P and R × P respectively.
-
isolation of cytoplasts from Satsuma mandarin citrus unshiu marc and production of alloplasmic hybrid calluses via cytoplast protoplast fusion
Plant Cell Reports, 2006Co-Authors: Xiaoyong Xu, Xiuxin DengAbstract:Cytoplasm of Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) is known to influence seedlessness. Transfer of cytoplasm to a seedy cultivar could possibly lead to the production of seedless citrus fruits. In the present paper cytoplasts were isolated from cell suspension-derived protoplasts of Satsuma mandarin via ultra-centrifugation in a discontinuous gradient. No nucleus could be detected in the cytoplasts by DAPI (4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining compared with normal protoplasts. The cytoplasts, with high viability and small size, did not divide during solid embedding culture. Cytoplasts of Satsuma mandarin were electrically fused with embryogenic protoplasts of Murcott tangor (C. reticulata × C. sinensis), which led to regeneration of several cell lines. Flow cytometry (FCM) indicated that the cell lines were diploids. Simple sequence repeats (SSR) and cleaved amplified polymorphism sequence (CAPS) showed that the cell lines got their nuclear DNA from the protoplast parent, whereas the cytoplast parent donated the mtDNA, confirming transfer of mtDNA from Satsuma mandarin into Murcott tangor via cytoplast–protoplast fusion though no polymorphism was detected in chloroplast DNA between the fusion partners. This is the first report on isolation and characterization of cytoplasts, together with cytoplast–protoplast fusion in Citrus, which has a potential for citrus cultivar improvement involving cytoplasm transfer via cytoplast–protoplast fusion.
-
Targeted cybridization in citrus: transfer of Satsuma cytoplasm to seedy cultivars for potential seedlessness.
Plant cell reports, 2004Co-Authors: Wen-wu Guo, Xiuxin Deng, Yunjiang Cheng, D. Prasad, Patricia Serrano, Jude W. GrosserAbstract:CMS (cytoplasmic male sterility) can be controlled by the mitochondrion genome in higher plants, including Satsuma mandarin. Somatic fusion experiments in citrus combining embryogenic callus protoplasts of one parent with leaf protoplasts of a second parent often produce cybrid plants of the leaf parent, a phenomenon occurring most often with interspecific fusion combinations. In an attempt to practically exploit this cybridization phenomenon, we conducted somatic fusion experiments combining embryogenic suspension-derived protoplasts of Satsuma mandarin, Citrus unshiu Marc. cv. Guoqing No. 1 (G1), a male-sterile cultivar, with leaf protoplasts of other seedy types--Hirado Buntan Pink pummelo (HBP) [Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck], Sunburst mandarin (C. reticulata Blanco), Orie Lee hybrid (C. reticulata cv. Clementine x Murcott tangor), and Murcott tangor [C. reticulata x C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck], respectively--in an attempt to generate seedless cybrids by the targeted transfer of CMS. The genetic identities of regenerated plants from all four parental combinations were determined by flow cytometry, SSR, CAPS (or PCR-RFLP), RFLP, and chloroplast-SSR analyses. Regenerated plants from the first three parental combinations were diploids, and the cybrid nature of G1 + HBP with the mitochondrion genome from G1 and the chloroplast genome from HBP was confirmed, whereas the cybrid nature of the remaining two combinations was difficult to confirm because of the close phylogenetic relatedness of both fusion parents, as expected. Plants from G1 + Murcott were confirmed as tetraploid somatic hybrids. This is the first report of targeted citrus cybrid production by symmetric fusion with male-sterile Satsuma as the callus parent and other seedy cultivars as the leaf parents.
Mieko Nakamura - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Health Effects of β-Cryptoxanthin and β-Cryptoxanthin-Enriched Satsuma Mandarin Juice
Nutrients in Beverages, 2019Co-Authors: Mieko Nakamura, Minoru SugiuraAbstract:Abstract Carotenoids are a widely distributed group of naturally occurring pigments, usually yellow, red, or orange in color. Of the six major carotenoids found in human serum, little is known on the physiological functions of β-cryptoxanthin compared with those of β-carotene or lycopene. In Japan, Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.), which contains high concentrations of β-cryptoxanthin, is locally grown and is the most widely consumed domestic citrus fruit. First, characteristics of β-cryptoxanthin, such as absorption, storage, and distribution are outlined. Next, possible association between β-cryptoxanthin and lifestyle-related diseases, such as osteoporosis, diabetes, liver dysfunction, arteriosclerosis, and metabolic syndrome were reviewed from the results of experimental and epidemiological observational studies. Finally, β-cryptoxanthin-enriched Satsuma mandarin juice was introduced, and evidence from randomized controlled trials on the effects of β-cryptoxanthin-enriched Satsuma mandarin juice supplementation on liver function and cardiovascular risk were summarized.
-
effect of β cryptoxanthin rich Satsuma mandarin juice supplementation on pulse wave velocity a randomized controlled trial
Journal of Nutrition and Intermediary Metabolism, 2017Co-Authors: Mieko Nakamura, Minoru Sugiura, Y. Shibata, Toshiyuki OjimaAbstract:Abstract Background and Aims Cohort studies in Japan indicate that citrus fruit and β-cryptoxanthin–rich Satsuma mandarin are candidate foods for lowering cardiovascular risk; however, there have been few intervention studies of β-cryptoxanthin and Satsuma mandarin supplementation. Methods and Results A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind parallel trial was performed. Apparently healthy men and women were randomly assigned to two groups: one receiving concentrated β-cryptoxanthin–rich Satsuma mandarin juice (β-cryptoxanthin 4 mg per 125 mL/day: active group) and one receiving β-cryptoxanthin–deprived Satsuma mandarin juice (β-cryptoxanthin 0 mg per 125 mL/day: control group) for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), which assesses arterial stiffness. An oxidative stress biomarker and clinical outcomes were also evaluated. Effect of the intervention on the outcome variables was analyzed using generalized linear mixed models. After the trial, a prespecified 8-month follow-up examination was conducted. One hundred eighteen subjects were randomly assigned, and 117 completed the intervention. Serum β-cryptoxanthin concentration was increased among the active group after β-cryptoxanthin–rich Satsuma mandarin juice supplementation. Both supplementations lowered baPWV and oxidative stress biomarker levels; however, there was no additional effect in the active group compared with the control group. At the 8-month examination, the increase in baPWV among the active group was smaller than that among the control group. Conclusion Satsuma mandarin juice supplementation is potentially beneficial for reducing cardiovascular risk; however, additional β-cryptoxanthin supplementation did not enhance this effect. Further study is needed to evaluate the long-term effect of β-cryptoxanthin supplementation. Registration UMIN-CTR, UMIN000013579.
-
Effect of β-cryptoxanthin–rich Satsuma mandarin juice supplementation on pulse wave velocity: A randomized controlled trial
Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism, 2017Co-Authors: Mieko Nakamura, Minoru Sugiura, Y. Shibata, Toshiyuki OjimaAbstract:Abstract Background and Aims Cohort studies in Japan indicate that citrus fruit and β-cryptoxanthin–rich Satsuma mandarin are candidate foods for lowering cardiovascular risk; however, there have been few intervention studies of β-cryptoxanthin and Satsuma mandarin supplementation. Methods and Results A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind parallel trial was performed. Apparently healthy men and women were randomly assigned to two groups: one receiving concentrated β-cryptoxanthin–rich Satsuma mandarin juice (β-cryptoxanthin 4 mg per 125 mL/day: active group) and one receiving β-cryptoxanthin–deprived Satsuma mandarin juice (β-cryptoxanthin 0 mg per 125 mL/day: control group) for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), which assesses arterial stiffness. An oxidative stress biomarker and clinical outcomes were also evaluated. Effect of the intervention on the outcome variables was analyzed using generalized linear mixed models. After the trial, a prespecified 8-month follow-up examination was conducted. One hundred eighteen subjects were randomly assigned, and 117 completed the intervention. Serum β-cryptoxanthin concentration was increased among the active group after β-cryptoxanthin–rich Satsuma mandarin juice supplementation. Both supplementations lowered baPWV and oxidative stress biomarker levels; however, there was no additional effect in the active group compared with the control group. At the 8-month examination, the increase in baPWV among the active group was smaller than that among the control group. Conclusion Satsuma mandarin juice supplementation is potentially beneficial for reducing cardiovascular risk; however, additional β-cryptoxanthin supplementation did not enhance this effect. Further study is needed to evaluate the long-term effect of β-cryptoxanthin supplementation. Registration UMIN-CTR, UMIN000013579.
-
serum β cryptoxanthin and β carotene derived from Satsuma mandarin and brachial ankle pulse wave velocity the mikkabi cohort study
Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 2016Co-Authors: Mieko Nakamura, Yoshinori Ikoma, Minoru Sugiura, Kazunori Ogawa, Masamichi YanoAbstract:Abstract Background and aims Findings of observational studies suggest cardioprotective effects of antioxidant vitamins and carotenoids. However, recent meta-analyses failed to show the beneficial effects of supplemental intake of antioxidants on cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to assess the association between CVD risk and β-cryptoxanthin in Japan, where Satsuma mandarin, a major source of β-cryptoxanthin, is widely consumed. Methods and results This was part of the Mikkabi cohort study. Surveys were conducted at baseline, in 2003 and 2005, and on follow-up in 2006, 2009, and 2013. We examined brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) with a high cut-off value set at 18.3 m s−1. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals for high baPWV were estimated using a Cox proportional hazards model with adjustment for potential confounders. A total of 635 participants with baPWV of less than 18.3 m s−1 at baseline were included in the analysis. During the follow-up period of 57,921 person-months, 99 subjects developed high baPWV. After multivariate adjustment, the HR for high baPWV in the highest tertile compared with the lowest tertile was significantly low for β-cryptoxanthin, β-carotene, and total carotenoids. Serum concentrations of β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene were higher in people who ate Satsuma mandarin frequently. Compared with Conclusion This study indicated that β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene derived from Satsuma mandarin are candidate micronutrients for preventing arteriosclerosis development. Further longitudinal and interventional studies will be required to validate the effect on CVD.
Yoshinori Ikoma - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
serum β cryptoxanthin and β carotene derived from Satsuma mandarin and brachial ankle pulse wave velocity the mikkabi cohort study
Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 2016Co-Authors: Mieko Nakamura, Yoshinori Ikoma, Minoru Sugiura, Kazunori Ogawa, Masamichi YanoAbstract:Abstract Background and aims Findings of observational studies suggest cardioprotective effects of antioxidant vitamins and carotenoids. However, recent meta-analyses failed to show the beneficial effects of supplemental intake of antioxidants on cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to assess the association between CVD risk and β-cryptoxanthin in Japan, where Satsuma mandarin, a major source of β-cryptoxanthin, is widely consumed. Methods and results This was part of the Mikkabi cohort study. Surveys were conducted at baseline, in 2003 and 2005, and on follow-up in 2006, 2009, and 2013. We examined brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) with a high cut-off value set at 18.3 m s−1. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals for high baPWV were estimated using a Cox proportional hazards model with adjustment for potential confounders. A total of 635 participants with baPWV of less than 18.3 m s−1 at baseline were included in the analysis. During the follow-up period of 57,921 person-months, 99 subjects developed high baPWV. After multivariate adjustment, the HR for high baPWV in the highest tertile compared with the lowest tertile was significantly low for β-cryptoxanthin, β-carotene, and total carotenoids. Serum concentrations of β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene were higher in people who ate Satsuma mandarin frequently. Compared with Conclusion This study indicated that β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene derived from Satsuma mandarin are candidate micronutrients for preventing arteriosclerosis development. Further longitudinal and interventional studies will be required to validate the effect on CVD.
-
Effect of blue LED light intensity on carotenoid accumulation in citrus juice sacs
Journal of Plant Physiology, 2015Co-Authors: Lancui Zhang, Kazuki Yamawaki, Terutaka Yoshioka, Satoshi Ohta, Gang Ma, Yoshinori Ikoma, Hikaru Matsumoto, Masaya KatoAbstract:In the present study, the effects of blue LED light intensity on carotenoid accumulation and expression of genes related to carotenoid biosynthesis were investigated in the juice sacs of Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) and Valencia orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) in vitro. The results showed that 100μmolm-2s-1blue LED light (100B) was effective for increasing carotenoid content, especially β-cryptoxanthin, in Satsuma mandarin after cultured in vitro for four weeks. In Valencia orange, in contrast, 50μmolm-2s-1blue LED light (50B) treatment was effective for inducing carotenoid accumulation through increasing the contents of two major carotenoids, all-trans-violaxanthin and 9-cis-violaxanthin. In addition, gene expression results showed that the simultaneous increases in the expression of genes (CitPSY, CitPDS, CitZDS, CitLCYb2, and CitHYb) involved in producing β,β-xanthophylls were well consistent with the accumulation of β-cryptoxanthin in Satsuma mandarin under 100B, and violaxanthin in Valencia orange under 50B. The results presented herein contribute to further elucidating the regulatory mechanism of carotenoid accumulation by blue LED light.
-
increased cift abundance in the stem correlates with floral induction by low temperature in Satsuma mandarin citrus unshiu marc
Journal of Experimental Botany, 2007Co-Authors: Fumie Nishikawa, Tomoko Endo, Takehiko Shimada, Tokurou Shimizu, Mitsuo Omura, Hiroshi Fujii, Yoshinori IkomaAbstract:After several years in the juvenile phase, adult citrus trees show seasonal periodicity of flowering. A prolonged exposure to low temperature is one of the most important environmental cues for floral induction in citrus. In the present study, the expression of floweringrelated genes during the annual cycle of flowering and inductive low-temperature treatment in Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) trees is investigated. Simultaneously, floral induction, which occurs before the period of morphological flower development, was estimated as the number of flowers after the forcing of sprouting by defoliation at 25 � C. The expression of citrus FLOWERING LOCUS T homologues, CiFT, showed a seasonal increase during the floral induction period and was also induced by an artificial lowtemperature treatment (15 � C) at which floral induction occurred. By contrast, the mRNA level of CiFT did not show any distinct changes following a warmtemperature treatment (25 � C) for 2.5 months, during which time floral induction was completely suppressed. Changes in the expression of the citrus homologues of TERMINAL FLOWER 1, LEAFY, and APETALA1 did not show any correlation with floral induction in the field or under artificial low-temperature conditions. In juvenile seedlings of Satsuma mandarin, which does not flower even under inductive low-temperature conditions, the mRNA levels of CiFT were not affected by the low-temperature treatment, unlike adult tissues. These results suggest that low temperature promotes floral induction via the activation of CiFT transcription in adult Satsuma mandarin trees and that, in the juvenile plant, CiFT transcription does not respond to low temperature.
-
multiple linear regression analysis of the seasonal changes in the serum concentration of β cryptoxanthin
Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, 2004Co-Authors: Minoru Sugiura, Yoshinori Ikoma, Hikaru Matsumoto, Masamichi Yano, Masaya Kato, Akihiko NagaoAbstract:Beta-cryptoxanthin (beta-CRX) is a carotenoid pigment found in Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) fruit, which is heavily produced in Japan. In this study, we evaluated the seasonal changes in the serum beta-CRX level and investigated predictors of serum beta-CRX level by multiple linear regression analysis. Blood tests and self-administered questionnaires were used every other month for one year. The subjects were healthy volunteers, 15 males and 12 females. The serum beta-CRX levels increased dramatically as the intake of Satsuma mandarin increased; the maximum increase was noted in January. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that, in males, the serum beta-CRX level could be predicted by Satsuma mandarin intake, age and the month of blood sampling; however, it was inversely associated with alcohol and smoking habits. Conversely, in females, the serum beta-CRX concentration could be predicted by Satsuma mandarin intake, the month of blood sampling and age; however, it was inversely associated with body mass index. The results of multiple linear regression analysis suggest that the serum beta-CRX levels can be used to evaluate the intake volume of Satsuma mandarin. Furthermore, beta-CRX is a useful biomarker to estimate the beneficial effects of Satsuma mandarin intake in epidemiological studies.
-
accumulation of carotenoids and expression of carotenoid biosynthetic genes during maturation in citrus fruit
Plant Physiology, 2004Co-Authors: Masaya Kato, Yoshinori Ikoma, Hikaru Matsumoto, Minoru Sugiura, Hiroshi Hyodo, Masamichi YanoAbstract:The relationship between carotenoid accumulation and the expression of carotenoid biosynthetic genes during fruit maturation was investigated in three citrus varieties, Satsuma mandarin ( Citrus unshiu Marc.), Valencia orange ( Citrus sinensis Osbeck), and Lisbon lemon ( Citrus limon Burm.f.). We cloned the cDNAs for phytoene synthase ( CitPSY ), phytoene desaturase ( CitPDS ), ζ-carotene (car) desaturase ( CitZDS ), carotenoid isomerase ( CitCRTISO ), lycopene β-cyclase ( CitLCYb ), β-ring hydroxylase ( CitHYb ), zeaxanthin (zea) epoxidase ( CitZEP ), and lycopene ϵ-cyclase ( CitLCYe ) from Satsuma mandarin, which shared high identities in nucleotide sequences with Valencia orange, Lisbon lemon, and other plant species. With the transition of peel color from green to orange, the change from β,ϵ-carotenoid (α-car and lutein) accumulation to β,β-carotenoid (β-car, β-cryptoxanthin, zea, and violaxanthin) accumulation was observed in the flavedos of Satsuma mandarin and Valencia orange, accompanying the disappearance of CitLCYe transcripts and the increase in CitLCYb transcripts. Even in green fruit, high levels of β,ϵ-carotenoids and CitLCYe transcripts were not observed in the juice sacs. As fruit maturation progressed in Satsuma mandarin and Valencia orange, a simultaneous increase in the expression of genes ( CitPSY, CitPDS, CitZDS, CitLCYb, CitHYb , and CitZEP ) led to massive β,β-xanthophyll (β-cryptoxanthin, zea, and violaxanthin) accumulation in both the flavedo and juice sacs. The gene expression of CitCRTISO was kept low or decreased in the flavedo during massive β,β-xanthophyll accumulation. In the flavedo of Lisbon lemon and Satsuma mandarin, massive accumulation of phytoene was observed with a decrease in the transcript level for CitPDS . Thus, the carotenoid accumulation during citrus fruit maturation was highly regulated by the coordination of the expression among carotenoid biosynthetic genes. In this paper, the mechanism leading to diversity in β,β-xanthophyll compositions between Satsuma mandarin and Valencia orange was also discussed on the basis of the substrate specificity of β-ring hydroxylase and the balance of expression between upstream synthesis genes ( CitPSY, CitPDS, CitZDS , and CitLCYb ) and downstream synthesis genes ( CitHYb and CitZEP ).
