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Susan O Griffin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Awareness Among US Adults of Dental Sealants for Caries Prevention
Preventing chronic disease, 2019Co-Authors: Michele L. Junger, Susan O Griffin, Srdjan Lesaja, Lorena EspinozaAbstract:Introduction Dental Sealants applied in childhood can help prevent caries, but knowledge of the availability of Sealants and their function is not widespread. We assessed knowledge of dental Sealants among US adults and adult parents of children younger than 18 and the differences in knowledge among demographic and socioeconomic groups. Methods We used data on 3,550 respondents to the 2015 FallStyles B survey of noninstitutionalized US adults aged 18 or older. Authors constructed estimates by using weights provided to reflect the distribution of the US population. Knowledge of dental Sealants was assessed by sex, age, race/ethnicity, education, household income, and parental status. Multivariate analysis was conducted by using a main effects logistic regression model. Results Overall, 46.3% of adults and 55.1% of parents of children younger than 18 had knowledge of dental Sealants. Sealant knowledge was highest among parents, women, respondents aged 45 to 59, and respondents with incomes greater than 200% of the federal poverty level and more than a high school education. Non-Hispanic blacks had less than half the odds of non-Hispanic whites of having knowledge of Sealants (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.4), and nonparents had half the odds as parents (OR = 0.5) of knowing. The strongest predictors of parental Sealant knowledge were race/ethnicity, sex, and income. Conclusion Disparities in Sealant knowledge correspond to disparities in Sealant prevalence. Increasing knowledge among low-income and racial/ethnic minority parents could reduce disparities in Sealant prevalence and untreated caries.
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School-Based Dental Sealant Programs Prevent Cavities And Are Cost-Effective.
Health affairs (Project Hope), 2016Co-Authors: Susan O Griffin, Shillpa Naavaal, Christina R. Scherrer, Paul M. Griffin, Kate Harris, Sajal K. ChattopadhyayAbstract:Untreated cavities can have far-reaching negative consequences for people’s ability to eat, speak, and learn. By adolescence, 27 percent of low-income children in the United States will have untreated cavities. School-based Sealant programs typically provide dental Sealants (a protective coating that adheres to the surface of molars) at little or no cost to students attending schools in areas with low socioeconomic status. These programs have been shown to increase the number of students receiving Sealants and to prevent cavities. We analyzed the cost-effectiveness of school Sealant programs using data (from school programs in fourteen states between 2013 and 2014) on children’s cavity risk, including the effects of untreated cavities on a child’s quality of life. We found that providing Sealants in school programs to 1,000 children would prevent 485 fillings and 1.59 disability-adjusted life-years. School-based Sealant programs saved society money and remained cost-effective across a wide range of reason...
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vital signs dental Sealant use and untreated tooth decay among u s school aged children
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 2016Co-Authors: Susan O GriffinAbstract:BACKGROUND Tooth decay is one of the greatest unmet treatment needs among children. Pain and suffering associated with untreated dental disease can lead to problems with eating, speaking, and learning. School-based dental Sealant programs (SBSP) deliver a highly effective intervention to prevent tooth decay in children who might not receive regular dental care. SBSPs benefits exceed their costs when they target children at high risk for tooth decay. METHODS CDC used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014 to estimate current prevalences of Sealant use and untreated tooth decay among low-income (≤185% of federal poverty level) and higher-income children aged 6-11 years and compared these estimates with 1999-2004 NHANES data. The mean number of decayed and filled first molars (DFFM) was estimated for children with and without Sealants. Averted tooth decay resulting from increasing Sealant use prevalence was also estimated. All reported differences are significant at p<0.05. RESULTS From 1999-2004 to 2011-2014, among low- and higher-income children, Sealant use prevalence increased by 16.2 and 8.8 percentage points to 38.7% and 47.8%, respectively. Among low-income children aged 7-11 years, the mean DFFM was almost three times higher among children without Sealants (0.82) than among children with Sealants. Approximately 6.5 million low-income children could potentially benefit from the delivery of Sealants through SBSP. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTICE The prevalence of dental Sealant use has increased; however, most children have not received Sealants. Increasing Sealant use prevalence could substantially reduce untreated decay, associated problems, and dental treatment costs.
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impact of increasing medicaid dental reimbursement and implementing school Sealant programs on Sealant prevalence
Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 2007Co-Authors: Susan O Griffin, Kari Jones, Stuart A Lockwood, Nicholas G Mosca, Peggy A HonoreAbstract:UNLABELLED We examined the impact of two financing strategies--increasing Medicaid dental reimbursements and providing school Sealant programs--on dental Sealant? prevalence (number of children with at least one Sealant) among 7- to 9-year-olds in Alabama and Mississippi counties from 1999 to 2003. METHODS We used Medicaid claims data in a linear regression model. We regressed number of children sealed per county onto eligible children, median family income, dentist-to-population ratio, and indicator variables for reimbursement increase, presence of community health center (CHC) or school Sealant program, and interaction between reimbursement increase and presence of school program or CHC. We also calculated the average incremental cost per Sealant from increasing the Medicaid reimbursement rate and then disaggregated it into cost to provide additional Sealants and cost to provide the same number of Sealants under the higher rate. RESULTS Increasing the Sealant reimbursement rate was associated with a 102 percent increase and a 39 percent increase in Sealant prevalence in Mississippi and Alabama, respectively. Introducing school Sealant programs more than doubled Sealant prevalence in both states. In Mississippi, 85 percent of the average incremental cost from implementing the higher reimbursement rate was due to providing new Sealants and 15 percent was due to paying a higher rate for Sealants that likely would have been delivered at the old rate. CONCLUSION Depending on supply and demand conditions in dental markets, both strategies can be effective in increasing Sealant prevalence.
Imad L Alqadi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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field validation of laboratory predicted low temperature performance of hot poured crack Sealants
Transportation Research Record, 2014Co-Authors: Hasan Ozer, Pranshoo Solanki, Seyed Saleh Yousefi, Imad L AlqadiAbstract:When properly installed, hot-poured crack Sealants are widely accepted as a cost-effective, routine preventive maintenance practice that extends pavement service life by 3 to 5 years. However, current ASTM specifications for selection of crack Sealants correlate poorly with field performance. Therefore, an improved Sealant specification and selection system is urgently needed. Recently, performance-based guidelines were developed by the pooled-fund North American Consortium expert group for selecting hot-poured bituminous crack Sealants. The work proposed a Sealant grade system for selecting hot-poured crack Sealant on the basis of environmental conditions. A special effort was made to use the equipment originally developed by SHRP, which was used to measure binder rheological behavior as part of the performance grade system. The equipment and testing procedures used for performance grading of binders were modified in accordance with crack Sealant behavior. The main objective of this study was to validate...
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development of a crack Sealant adhesion test csadt specification for hot poured bituminous Sealants
Journal of Testing and Evaluation, 2011Co-Authors: Imad L Alqadi, Elham H FiniAbstract:Current crack Sealant specifications utilize a simple empirical bond test [ASTM D5329, “Standard Test Methods for Sealants and Fillers, Hot-Applied, for Joints and Cracks in Asphaltic and Portland Cement Concrete Pavements”] to measure a Sealant’s ability to adhere to concrete briquettes. However, no correlation exists between the results of this standard test and a Sealant’s field performance. To bridge the gap between Sealants’ fundamental properties and field performance, performance-based guidelines for the selection of hot-poured crack Sealants have been developed. This paper proposes a new test procedure to help assess the capability of Sealants to adhere to the sides of cracks in pavement. The proposed crack Sealant adhesion direct tensile (CSADT) test procedure calls for the use of a direct tensile tester with modifications to the end pieces and the specimen holder. Sealant is confined between two aluminum pieces, which will move apart at 0.05 mm/s until failure occurs. Failure load and the displacement at failure are recorded and then used to assess the Sealant’s adhesion capability. A crack created on one side of the assembly during specimen preparation determines the initial failure location and ensures that the failure occurs at the interface and not within the Sealant. The specimen preparation is designed to simulate Sealant installation, and experimental conditions have been developed to represent crack openings during pavement contraction in cold weather. The repeatability of the suggested procedure was acceptable with an average coefficient of variation of 10.9 %. No significant difference existed between two operators or between two test setups.
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threshold identification and field validation of performance based guidelines to select hot poured crack Sealants
Transportation Research Record, 2010Co-Authors: Shih Hsien Yang, Imad L Alqadi, Jim Mcgraw, J F Masson, Kevin M McgheeAbstract:Hot-poured bituminous crack sealing has been widely accepted as a routine preventative maintenance practice. With proper installation, the sealing is expected to extend pavement service life by 3 to 5 years. However, current specifications for selection of crack Sealants correlate poorly with field performance; hence, a set of new testing methods, based on Sealant rheological and mechanical properties, was developed recently. Measurements of the mechanical properties of crack Sealant at low temperatures are among the criteria introduced as part of the developed performance-based guidelines. The main purpose of this study was to identify and validate the low-temperature selection thresholds for the newly developed performance-based guidelines for selecting hot-poured bituminous crack Sealants. In this study, selection criteria for crack Sealant bending beam rheometer (CSBBR) and crack Sealant direct tension tester (CSDTT) tests were identified. Two performance parameters for CSBBR test were used for the se...
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linear viscoelastic modeling for hot poured crack Sealants at low temperature
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2010Co-Authors: Imad L Alqadi, Samer Dessouky, Shih Hsien YangAbstract:To understand the behavior of hot-poured bituminous-based crack Sealants at low service temperatures and to predict their field performance, a constitutive stress-strain relationship must be described. This would allow predicting in situ crack Sealant response to both thermal and traffic loading. This paper verifies the linear viscoelastic behavior of crack Sealants. Ten Sealants having high polymer contents were tested at −4 to −40°C using a Crack Sealant Bending Beam Rheometer (CSBBR). The convolution integral principle was used to obtain relaxation moduli from measured creep compliance data. A Prony series viscoelastic model was used to characterize mechanical behavior of crack Sealant at low temperatures. The Sealant’s linear response was checked by implementing two conditions of linearity described by Marasteanu and Anderson. Simulation for the Sealant linear viscoelastic deflection response during the loading and unloading was conducted using a three-dimensional finite-element model. This study conc...
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development of performance based guidelines for selection of bituminous basedhot poured pavement crack Sealant an executive summary report
2009Co-Authors: Imad L Alqadi, Jeanfrancois Masson, Eli H Fini, Shih Hsien Yang, Kevin K McgheeAbstract:This report summarizes research presented in separate technical reports, papers, and journal articles that collectively document the development of a systematic process to aid in the selection of appropriate bituminous hot-poured Sealants for pavement cracks and joints. The following process elements are summarized herein: Apparent Viscosity Test for Hot-Poured Crack Sealants, Development of a Short-Term Aging Test and Low-Temperature Testing Bibliography, Sealant Flow and Deformation by Dynamic Shear Rheometry in Summer Temperatures, Characterization of Low Temperature Creep Properties of Crack Sealants Using Crack Sealant Bending Beam Rheometry, Characterization of Low Temperature Mechanical Properties of Crack Sealants Using Crack Sealant Direct Tension Test, and Development of Adhesion Tests for Crack Sealants at Low Temperature. This report brings the results of this cumulative research together to introduce a set of tests and performance parameters for Sealant at installation and service temperatures; an aging procedure to simulate Sealant weathering; and most important, a simplified chart with thresholds for all performance parameters for the straightforward selection of crack Sealant.
Sebastian Zingler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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OCT evaluation of orthodontic surface Sealants: a 12-month follow-up randomized clinical trial
Clinical Oral Investigations, 2020Co-Authors: Ralf Erber, Gül Orhan, Sebastian ZinglerAbstract:Objectives The aim of this single-center randomized controlled trial (NCT03753256) was to assess orthodontic surface Sealant layer thickness and integrity in vivo during a 12-month follow-up by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Materials and methods Using a split-mouth design, quadrants of 20 patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliances were included. Quadrants were randomly assigned to the Sealants Pro Seal® (PS) or Opal® Seal™ (OS). OCT scans were performed immediately after the application of the Sealants and after 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Sealant layer thicknesses and their integrity were determined at 5 regions of interest (ROIs) known for high risks of demineralization. Sealant integrity loss was determined using a self-developed scale. Results A total of 16 patients successfully completed the study. The studied Sealants showed significant differences in initial layer thickness. Mean layer thickness was significantly lower for PS (67.8 μm, (95% CI, 56.1–79.5)) than for OS (110.7 μm, (95% CI, 97.3–124.1)). Layer thickness loss was significant after 3 months for PS and after 6 months for OS. Sealant integrity was compromised in more than 50% of the ROIs already after 3 months for both Sealants. Conclusions Patients treated with fixed orthodontic surface Sealants lost the integrity of the protective layer in more than 50% of cases after 3 months, and the layer thickness of the Sealants was significantly reduced after 3–6 months. Clinical relevance The protective effect against demineralization lesions of orthodontic Sealants in patients treated with fixed appliances appears to be limited in time. Further preventive measures should be investigated. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT 03753256)
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Assessing abrasion of orthodontic surface Sealants using a modified ophthalmic optical coherence tomography device
Clinical Oral Investigations, 2018Co-Authors: Ralf Erber, Gül Orhan, Kevin Kunzmann, Stefanie Kirschner, Vanessa Weyer, Lothar Schilling, Marc A. Brockmann, Stefan Rues, Sebastian ZinglerAbstract:Objective Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a clinical standard in ophthalmology. Currently, its application in dentistry is gaining increasing interest. In this study, we tested the possibility to use a modified commercially available spectral domain OCT (SD-OCT) to assess the layer thickness of orthodontic surface Sealants. Materials and methods Reference samples of surface Sealants for calibration and repeatability testing were measured using a micrometer screw. SD-OCT measurements were compared with micro-CT and light microscopic analyses. After validating the calibration of the SD-OCT, surface Sealant layer thickness after aging (thermo cycling) and simulation of professional tooth cleaning (PTC) was assessed using the SD-OCT on 45 extracted teeth assigned to three test groups ( n = 15 each): Light Bond™ Sealant, Pro Seal®, and Opal® Seal. Results SD-OCT showed excellent repeatability and accuracy for measurements of surface Sealant layer thickness. Compared with micro-CT, SD-OCT showed better accordance with the reference measurements. The analysis of surface Sealants after thermo cycling and PTC revealed poor resistance of Light Bond after only aging and demonstrated substantial wear of all Sealants after aging and PTC. Conclusion Imaging using commercially available ophthalmic SD-OCT might represent a suitable non-invasive methodology for longitudinal assessments of surface Sealant layer thickness in vitro and in vivo. Clinical relevance SD-OCT might be a suitable non-invasive method for longitudinal assessments of surface Sealant durability in clinical trials.
Ralf Erber - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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OCT evaluation of orthodontic surface Sealants: a 12-month follow-up randomized clinical trial
Clinical Oral Investigations, 2020Co-Authors: Ralf Erber, Gül Orhan, Sebastian ZinglerAbstract:Objectives The aim of this single-center randomized controlled trial (NCT03753256) was to assess orthodontic surface Sealant layer thickness and integrity in vivo during a 12-month follow-up by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Materials and methods Using a split-mouth design, quadrants of 20 patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliances were included. Quadrants were randomly assigned to the Sealants Pro Seal® (PS) or Opal® Seal™ (OS). OCT scans were performed immediately after the application of the Sealants and after 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Sealant layer thicknesses and their integrity were determined at 5 regions of interest (ROIs) known for high risks of demineralization. Sealant integrity loss was determined using a self-developed scale. Results A total of 16 patients successfully completed the study. The studied Sealants showed significant differences in initial layer thickness. Mean layer thickness was significantly lower for PS (67.8 μm, (95% CI, 56.1–79.5)) than for OS (110.7 μm, (95% CI, 97.3–124.1)). Layer thickness loss was significant after 3 months for PS and after 6 months for OS. Sealant integrity was compromised in more than 50% of the ROIs already after 3 months for both Sealants. Conclusions Patients treated with fixed orthodontic surface Sealants lost the integrity of the protective layer in more than 50% of cases after 3 months, and the layer thickness of the Sealants was significantly reduced after 3–6 months. Clinical relevance The protective effect against demineralization lesions of orthodontic Sealants in patients treated with fixed appliances appears to be limited in time. Further preventive measures should be investigated. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT 03753256)
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Assessing abrasion of orthodontic surface Sealants using a modified ophthalmic optical coherence tomography device
Clinical Oral Investigations, 2018Co-Authors: Ralf Erber, Gül Orhan, Kevin Kunzmann, Stefanie Kirschner, Vanessa Weyer, Lothar Schilling, Marc A. Brockmann, Stefan Rues, Sebastian ZinglerAbstract:Objective Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a clinical standard in ophthalmology. Currently, its application in dentistry is gaining increasing interest. In this study, we tested the possibility to use a modified commercially available spectral domain OCT (SD-OCT) to assess the layer thickness of orthodontic surface Sealants. Materials and methods Reference samples of surface Sealants for calibration and repeatability testing were measured using a micrometer screw. SD-OCT measurements were compared with micro-CT and light microscopic analyses. After validating the calibration of the SD-OCT, surface Sealant layer thickness after aging (thermo cycling) and simulation of professional tooth cleaning (PTC) was assessed using the SD-OCT on 45 extracted teeth assigned to three test groups ( n = 15 each): Light Bond™ Sealant, Pro Seal®, and Opal® Seal. Results SD-OCT showed excellent repeatability and accuracy for measurements of surface Sealant layer thickness. Compared with micro-CT, SD-OCT showed better accordance with the reference measurements. The analysis of surface Sealants after thermo cycling and PTC revealed poor resistance of Light Bond after only aging and demonstrated substantial wear of all Sealants after aging and PTC. Conclusion Imaging using commercially available ophthalmic SD-OCT might represent a suitable non-invasive methodology for longitudinal assessments of surface Sealant layer thickness in vitro and in vivo. Clinical relevance SD-OCT might be a suitable non-invasive method for longitudinal assessments of surface Sealant durability in clinical trials.
Chris Deery - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Fissure seal or fluoride varnish
Evidence-based Dentistry, 2016Co-Authors: Chris DeeryAbstract:Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Medline, Embase, the US National Institutes of Health Trials Register and the World Health Organization (WHO) Clinical Trials Registry Platform Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with at least 12 months follow-up, in which fissure Sealants, or fissure Sealants together with fluoride varnishes, were compared with fluoride varnishes alone for preventing caries in occlusal surfaces of permanent teeth of children and adolescents. Two reviewers independently screened search results, extracted data and assessed risk of bias of included studies. Studies were grouped and analysed on the basis of Sealant material type (resin-based Sealant and glass ionomer-based Sealant, glass ionomer and resin-modified glass ionomer) and different follow-up periods. Odds ratio were calculated for caries or no caries on occlusal surfaces of permanent molar teeth. Mean differences were calculated for continuous outcomes and data. Evidence quality was assessed using GRADE (Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) methods. Eight RCTs involving a total of 1747 children aged five to ten years of age were included. Three trials compared resin-based fissure Sealant versus fluoride varnish. Results from two studies (358 children) after two years were combined. Sealants prevented more caries, pooled odds ratio (OR) = 0.69 (95%CI; 0.50 to 0.94). One trial with follow-up at four and nine years found that the caries-preventive benefit for Sealants was maintained, with 26% of sealed teeth and 55.8% of varnished teeth having developed caries at nine years. Evidence for glass-ionomer Sealants was of low quality. One split-mouth trial analysing 92 children at two-year follow-up found a significant difference in favour of resin-based fissure Sealant together with fluoride varnish compared with fluoride varnish only (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.55). The evidence was assessed as low quality. Three studies assessed but did not report any adverse effects. Currently, scarce and clinically diverse data are available on the comparison of Sealants and fluoride varnish applications; therefore it is not possible to draw clear conclusions about possible differences in effectiveness for preventing or controlling dental caries on occlusal surfaces of permanent molars. The conclusions of this updated review remain the same as those of the last update (in 2010). We found some low quality evidence suggesting the superiority of resin-based fissure Sealants over fluoride varnish applications for preventing occlusal caries in permanent molars, and other low-quality evidence for benefits of resin-based Sealant and fluoride varnish over fluoride varnish alone. Regarding glass ionomer Sealant versus fluoride varnish comparisons, we assessed the quality of the evidence as very low and could draw no conclusions.
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The differentiation of Sealant restorations from preventive fissure Sealants, in subjects with clear Sealants.
Community dental health, 1992Co-Authors: Chris Deery, Nigel PittsAbstract:The aim of this study was to assess whether preventive fissure Sealants could be differentiated from Sealant restorations. The problem of being unable to differentiate between these two tooth states has implications for practitioners and epidemiologists (Davies, 1990). One hundred and seventeen permanent molar teeth, all sealed with a clear Sealant, were examined under two types of conditions. These were the Daray 'Versatile light'; mirror, wet teeth, and the Daray 'Operating light 2'; mirror, dry teeth. The subjects' records were subsequently consulted to provide the validating criteria. The results suggest that in a dental hospital environment, when a clear Sealant material is in place, it is possible to differentiate between preventive fissure Sealants and Sealant restorations. It would seem, however, that the 'Sealant-alone' variety of Sealant restoration was the one most often mistaken for a preventive fissure Sealant. The different examination conditions did not markedly affect the examiners' ability to differentiate between the two tooth stage.