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Renate Krause-sakate - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Levantamento revela a predominância do Lettuce mottle virus em três regiões produtoras de alface no Estado de São Paulo
Grupo Paulista de Fitopatologia, 2012Co-Authors: Bruno Rossitto De Marchi, Renate Krause-sakate, Milena Leite De ,oliveira, David Marques De Almeida Spadotti, Márcio Martinello Sanches, Marcelo Agenor PavanAbstract:Entre os problemas fitossanitários da cultura da alface estão as doenças causadas por vírus. Três vírus causam sintomas de mosaico praticamente indistinguíveis: o Lettuce mosaic virus (LMV, Potyvirus), o Lettuce mottle virus (LeMoV, Sequivirus) e o Bidens mosaic virus (BiMV, Potyvirus). Através de RT-PCR utilizando-se oligonucleotídeos específicos para cada um destes vírus, amostras de alface e plantas invasoras, preferencialmente com sintoma de mosaico, foram coletadas em campos de produção de alface das regiões de Mogi das Cruzes, Campinas e Bauru no Estado de São Paulo e analisadas para a presença dos vírus. Verificou-se que o LeMoV foi o vírus encontrado com maior freqüência, seguido do LMV. A ocorrência de BiMV em alface foi extremamente baixa e restrita às regiões de Campinas e Bauru, onde também foi verificado em plantas invasoras como Bidens pilosa e Galinsoga parviflora. Esta ultima é hospedeira dos três vírus
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Ocorrência generalizada do Lettuce mottle virus em três regiões produtoras de alface comercial do Estado de São Paulo Occurrence of Lettuce mottle virus on three lettuce producing areas from São Paulo State
Grupo Paulista de Fitopatologia, 2008Co-Authors: Renate Krause-sakate, Norberto Da ,silva, Ana Carolina Firmino, Adriana Salomão Jadão, Marcelo A. Pavan, Sérgio Minoru Hanai, Roberto Hiroto Anbo, Thomas NietzscheAbstract:Os sequivírus são vírus isométricos transmitidos por afídeos. Lettuce mottle virus (LeMoV), um provável Sequivirus foi descrito no Brasil em 1982 e causa sintomas de mosaico semelhantes aos observados pelo Lettuce mosaic virus (LMV). Um levantamento para ocorrência do LeMoV nos campos de produção de alface de três diferentes regiões do Estado de São Paulo (Mogi das Cruzes, Campinas e Bauru) foi realizado durante 2002 a 2005. RNA total foi extraído e utilizado na detecção, em RT-PCR, com oligonucleotídeos específicos para o LeMoV. Do total de 1362 amostras, 137 (10,05%) foram positivas para o LeMoV. Infecção mista com o LMV foi verificada em 43 amostras (31,4%). Foi verificada a ocorrência do LeMoV nas três diferentes regiões analisadas, porém sua ocorrência foi baixa nas diferentes épocas do ano.Sequiviruses are isometric aphid-borne plant viruses. Lettuce mottle virus (LeMoV), a putative Sequivirus was first described in Brazil on 1982 causing similar mosaic symptoms as Lettuce mosaic virus (LMV). A survey for the occurrence of LeMoV on open field conditions was carried out during 2002 to 2005 on Mogi das Cruzes, Campinas and Bauru in São Paulo state. Total RNA was extracted and used on RT-PCR with specific LeMoV primers. On 1362 samples tested, 137 (10,05%) were positive for LeMoV. Mixed infections with LMV was observed on 43 samples (31,4%). The presence of LeMoV was observed in the three different regions, but with low incidence during the year
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Ocorrência generalizada do Lettuce mottle virus em três regiões produtoras de alface comercial do Estado de São Paulo
Summa Phytopathologica, 2008Co-Authors: Renate Krause-sakate, Norberto Da ,silva, Ana Carolina Firmino, Adriana Salomão Jadão, Sérgio Minoru Hanai, Roberto Hiroto Anbo, Marcelo Agenor Pavan, Thomas NietzscheAbstract:Sequiviruses are isometric aphid-borne plant viruses. Lettuce mottle virus (LeMoV), a putative Sequivirus was first described in Brazil on 1982 causing similar mosaic symptoms as Lettuce mosaic virus (LMV). A survey for the occurrence of LeMoV on open field conditions was carried out during 2002 to 2005 on Mogi das Cruzes, Campinas and Bauru in Sao Paulo state. Total RNA was extracted and used on RT-PCR with specific LeMoV primers. On 1362 samples tested, 137 (10,05%) were positive for LeMoV. Mixed infections with LMV was observed on 43 samples (31,4%). The presence of LeMoV was observed in the three different regions, but with low incidence during the year.
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Further characterization of two Sequiviruses infecting lettuce and development of specific RT-PCR primers
Archives of Virology, 2007Co-Authors: A.s. Jadao, Renate Krause-sakate, Daniele Liberti, M.a. Pavan, M.m. Echer, Laurence Svanella-dumas, F.m. Zerbini, Thierry Candresse, Olivier GallAbstract:Lettuce mottle virus (LeMoV) and dandelion yellow mosaic virus (DaYMV) infect lettuce in South America and Europe, respectively. LeMoV and DaYMV possess isometric particles, occur at low concentrations in plants and have narrow host ranges. Partial genome sequences of both viruses were obtained using purified viral preparations and universal primers for members of the family Sequiviridae. DaYMV and LeMoV sequences were analyzed and showed identity with other members of the family. Universal primers that detect both viruses and specific primers for LeMoV and DaYMV were designed and used in RT-PCR-based diagnostic assays. These results provide the first molecular data on the LeMoV and DaYMV genomes and suggest that LeMoV is a member of the genus Sequivirus, probably distinct from DaYMV.
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First Report of a Lettuce-Infecting Sequivirus in Chile.
Plant disease, 2005Co-Authors: Renate Krause-sakate, Ana Carolina Firmino, Adriana Salomão Jadão, Marcelo Agenor Pavan, Francisco Murilo Zerbini, I. M. Rosales, P. Bustamante, O. Le GallAbstract:Sequiviruses are isometric aphidborne plant viruses. Dandelion yellow mosaic virus (DaYMV), genus Sequivirus, was isolated from dandelion and lettuce in Europe. Lettuce mottle virus (LeMoV), a putative Sequivirus, is often found in mixed infections with Lettuce mosaic virus (LMV) in Brazil (3). DaYMV, LeMoV and LMV cause similar mosaics in field-grown lettuce. Differences in biology and sequence suggest that DaYMV and LeMoV are distinct species (2). Forty-two and 101 lettuce samples with mosaic symptoms collected from two locations near Santiago during a survey of lettuce viruses in Chile in 2002 and 2003, respectively, were analyzed for the presence of LeMoV using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Total RNA was extracted (1) and used for RT-PCR with the specific LeMoV primers pairs Lmo3 (5′ ACATGAGCACTAGTGAGG 3′) and Lmo4 (5′ AGATAGAGCCGTCT GGCG 3′) (2). One of the 42 and three of the 101 samples produced the expected 300-bp fragment. Isometric particles of 30 nm diameter, typical...
René Vlugt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Secoviridae: a proposed family of plant viruses within the order Picornavirales that combines the families Sequiviridae and Comoviridae, the unassigned genera Cheravirus and Sadwavirus, and the proposed genus Torradovirus
Archives of Virology, 2009Co-Authors: Hélène Sanfaçon, Olivier Gall, Alexander Karasev, Joan Wellink, René Vlugt, Thierry WetzelAbstract:The order Picornavirales includes several plant viruses that are currently classified into the families Comoviridae (genera Comovirus , Fabavirus and Nepovirus ) and Sequiviridae (genera Sequivirus and Waikavirus ) and into the unassigned genera Cheravirus and Sadwavirus . These viruses share properties in common with other picornavirales (particle structure, positive-strand RNA genome with a polyprotein expression strategy, a common replication block including type III helicase, a 3C-like cysteine proteinase and type I RNA-dependent RNA polymerase). However, they also share unique properties that distinguish them from other picornavirales. They infect plants and use specialized proteins or protein domains to move through their host. In phylogenetic analysis based on their replication proteins, these viruses form a separate distinct lineage within the picornavirales branch. To recognize these common properties at the taxonomic level, we propose to create a new family termed “Secoviridae” to include the genera Comovirus , Fabavirus , Nepovirus , Cheravirus , Sadwavirus , Sequivirus and Waikavirus . Two newly discovered plant viruses share common properties with members of the proposed family Secoviridae but have distinct specific genomic organizations. In phylogenetic reconstructions, they form a separate sub-branch within the Secoviridae lineage. We propose to create a new genus termed Torradovirus (type species, Tomato torrado virus) and to assign this genus to the proposed family Secoviridae.
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Identification and characterisation of tomato torrado virus, a new plant picorna-like virus from tomato
Archives of Virology, 2007Co-Authors: M. Verbeek, A. M. Dullemans, J. F. J. M. Van Den Heuvel, P. C. Maris, René VlugtAbstract:A new virus was isolated from tomato plants from the Murcia region in Spain which showed symptoms of ‘torrado disease’ very distinct necrotic, almost burn-like symptoms on leaves of infected plants. The virus particles are isometric with a diameter of approximately 28 nm. The viral genome consists of two (+)ssRNA molecules of 7793 (RNA1) and 5389 nts (RNA2). RNA1 contains one open reading frame (ORF) encoding a predicted polyprotein of 241 kDa that shows conserved regions with motifs typical for a protease-cofactor, a helicase, a protease and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. RNA2 contains two, partially overlapping ORFs potentially encoding proteins of 20 and 134 kDa. These viral RNAs are encapsidated by three proteins with estimated sizes of 35, 26 and 23 kDa. Direct protein sequencing mapped these coat proteins to ORF2 on RNA2. Phylogenetic analyses of nucleotide and derived amino acid sequences showed that the virus is related to but distinct from viruses belonging to the genera Sequivirus , Sadwavirus and Cheravirus . This new virus, for which the name tomato torrado virus is proposed, most likely represents a member of a new plant virus genus.
Marcelo Agenor Pavan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Levantamento revela a predominância do Lettuce mottle virus em três regiões produtoras de alface no Estado de São Paulo
Grupo Paulista de Fitopatologia, 2012Co-Authors: Bruno Rossitto De Marchi, Renate Krause-sakate, Milena Leite De ,oliveira, David Marques De Almeida Spadotti, Márcio Martinello Sanches, Marcelo Agenor PavanAbstract:Entre os problemas fitossanitários da cultura da alface estão as doenças causadas por vírus. Três vírus causam sintomas de mosaico praticamente indistinguíveis: o Lettuce mosaic virus (LMV, Potyvirus), o Lettuce mottle virus (LeMoV, Sequivirus) e o Bidens mosaic virus (BiMV, Potyvirus). Através de RT-PCR utilizando-se oligonucleotídeos específicos para cada um destes vírus, amostras de alface e plantas invasoras, preferencialmente com sintoma de mosaico, foram coletadas em campos de produção de alface das regiões de Mogi das Cruzes, Campinas e Bauru no Estado de São Paulo e analisadas para a presença dos vírus. Verificou-se que o LeMoV foi o vírus encontrado com maior freqüência, seguido do LMV. A ocorrência de BiMV em alface foi extremamente baixa e restrita às regiões de Campinas e Bauru, onde também foi verificado em plantas invasoras como Bidens pilosa e Galinsoga parviflora. Esta ultima é hospedeira dos três vírus
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Ocorrência generalizada do Lettuce mottle virus em três regiões produtoras de alface comercial do Estado de São Paulo
Summa Phytopathologica, 2008Co-Authors: Renate Krause-sakate, Norberto Da ,silva, Ana Carolina Firmino, Adriana Salomão Jadão, Sérgio Minoru Hanai, Roberto Hiroto Anbo, Marcelo Agenor Pavan, Thomas NietzscheAbstract:Sequiviruses are isometric aphid-borne plant viruses. Lettuce mottle virus (LeMoV), a putative Sequivirus was first described in Brazil on 1982 causing similar mosaic symptoms as Lettuce mosaic virus (LMV). A survey for the occurrence of LeMoV on open field conditions was carried out during 2002 to 2005 on Mogi das Cruzes, Campinas and Bauru in Sao Paulo state. Total RNA was extracted and used on RT-PCR with specific LeMoV primers. On 1362 samples tested, 137 (10,05%) were positive for LeMoV. Mixed infections with LMV was observed on 43 samples (31,4%). The presence of LeMoV was observed in the three different regions, but with low incidence during the year.
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First Report of a Lettuce-Infecting Sequivirus in Chile.
Plant disease, 2005Co-Authors: Renate Krause-sakate, Ana Carolina Firmino, Adriana Salomão Jadão, Marcelo Agenor Pavan, Francisco Murilo Zerbini, I. M. Rosales, P. Bustamante, O. Le GallAbstract:Sequiviruses are isometric aphidborne plant viruses. Dandelion yellow mosaic virus (DaYMV), genus Sequivirus, was isolated from dandelion and lettuce in Europe. Lettuce mottle virus (LeMoV), a putative Sequivirus, is often found in mixed infections with Lettuce mosaic virus (LMV) in Brazil (3). DaYMV, LeMoV and LMV cause similar mosaics in field-grown lettuce. Differences in biology and sequence suggest that DaYMV and LeMoV are distinct species (2). Forty-two and 101 lettuce samples with mosaic symptoms collected from two locations near Santiago during a survey of lettuce viruses in Chile in 2002 and 2003, respectively, were analyzed for the presence of LeMoV using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Total RNA was extracted (1) and used for RT-PCR with the specific LeMoV primers pairs Lmo3 (5′ ACATGAGCACTAGTGAGG 3′) and Lmo4 (5′ AGATAGAGCCGTCT GGCG 3′) (2). One of the 42 and three of the 101 samples produced the expected 300-bp fragment. Isometric particles of 30 nm diameter, typical...
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Occurrence of a New Pathotype of Lettuce mosaic virus on Lettuce in Brazil.
Plant Disease, 2000Co-Authors: O. Stangarlin, Marcelo Agenor Pavan, N. A. P. Da SilvaAbstract:Since 1970 lettuce mosaic has not been an important disease of lettuce in Brazil, due to the growing of cultivars that contain gene g, derived from cv. Gallega de Invierno, for tolerance. Recently, however, a widespread, serious outbreak of lettuce mosaic occurred in the State of Sao Paulo. Both lettuce cultivars that lack and those that contain gene g have been affected, suggesting the emergence of a new pathotype of Lettuce mosaic virus (LMV). Commercial lettuce fields were visited, and 20 samples were collected for virus identification by bioassay on differential hosts, serological tests, and electron microscopy. Of these, 12 were infected only by LMV, and 8 contained mixed infections of LMV and a possible new Sequivirus, Lettuce mottle virus. Seedlings of susceptible cv. White Boston were inoculated with LMV from tolerant cultivars, and plants were allowed to flower. Seeds were collected and sown, and seedlings with mosaic symptoms were recovered. Twenty monolesional isolates, obtained by passing the virus three times through Chenopodium amaranticolor, were inoculated individually on lettuce differential cvs. Salinas and White Boston (susceptible) and cvs. Salinas 88, Vanguard 75, Ithaca, Malika, and Gallega de Invierno (tolerant) to previously described pathotypes of LMV (1). Considering the susceptibility of all test differentials, we concluded that a LMV pathotype IV exists that has overcome tolerance conferred by genes m and g and is responsible for the new outbreak of LMV in Brazil. This is the first report of LMV-IV in Latin America. Reference: (1) D. A. C. Pink et al. Plant Pathol. 41:5, 1992.
Adriana Salomão Jadão - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ocorrência generalizada do Lettuce mottle virus em três regiões produtoras de alface comercial do Estado de São Paulo Occurrence of Lettuce mottle virus on three lettuce producing areas from São Paulo State
Grupo Paulista de Fitopatologia, 2008Co-Authors: Renate Krause-sakate, Norberto Da ,silva, Ana Carolina Firmino, Adriana Salomão Jadão, Marcelo A. Pavan, Sérgio Minoru Hanai, Roberto Hiroto Anbo, Thomas NietzscheAbstract:Os sequivírus são vírus isométricos transmitidos por afídeos. Lettuce mottle virus (LeMoV), um provável Sequivirus foi descrito no Brasil em 1982 e causa sintomas de mosaico semelhantes aos observados pelo Lettuce mosaic virus (LMV). Um levantamento para ocorrência do LeMoV nos campos de produção de alface de três diferentes regiões do Estado de São Paulo (Mogi das Cruzes, Campinas e Bauru) foi realizado durante 2002 a 2005. RNA total foi extraído e utilizado na detecção, em RT-PCR, com oligonucleotídeos específicos para o LeMoV. Do total de 1362 amostras, 137 (10,05%) foram positivas para o LeMoV. Infecção mista com o LMV foi verificada em 43 amostras (31,4%). Foi verificada a ocorrência do LeMoV nas três diferentes regiões analisadas, porém sua ocorrência foi baixa nas diferentes épocas do ano.Sequiviruses are isometric aphid-borne plant viruses. Lettuce mottle virus (LeMoV), a putative Sequivirus was first described in Brazil on 1982 causing similar mosaic symptoms as Lettuce mosaic virus (LMV). A survey for the occurrence of LeMoV on open field conditions was carried out during 2002 to 2005 on Mogi das Cruzes, Campinas and Bauru in São Paulo state. Total RNA was extracted and used on RT-PCR with specific LeMoV primers. On 1362 samples tested, 137 (10,05%) were positive for LeMoV. Mixed infections with LMV was observed on 43 samples (31,4%). The presence of LeMoV was observed in the three different regions, but with low incidence during the year
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Ocorrência generalizada do Lettuce mottle virus em três regiões produtoras de alface comercial do Estado de São Paulo
Summa Phytopathologica, 2008Co-Authors: Renate Krause-sakate, Norberto Da ,silva, Ana Carolina Firmino, Adriana Salomão Jadão, Sérgio Minoru Hanai, Roberto Hiroto Anbo, Marcelo Agenor Pavan, Thomas NietzscheAbstract:Sequiviruses are isometric aphid-borne plant viruses. Lettuce mottle virus (LeMoV), a putative Sequivirus was first described in Brazil on 1982 causing similar mosaic symptoms as Lettuce mosaic virus (LMV). A survey for the occurrence of LeMoV on open field conditions was carried out during 2002 to 2005 on Mogi das Cruzes, Campinas and Bauru in Sao Paulo state. Total RNA was extracted and used on RT-PCR with specific LeMoV primers. On 1362 samples tested, 137 (10,05%) were positive for LeMoV. Mixed infections with LMV was observed on 43 samples (31,4%). The presence of LeMoV was observed in the three different regions, but with low incidence during the year.
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First Report of a Lettuce-Infecting Sequivirus in Chile.
Plant disease, 2005Co-Authors: Renate Krause-sakate, Ana Carolina Firmino, Adriana Salomão Jadão, Marcelo Agenor Pavan, Francisco Murilo Zerbini, I. M. Rosales, P. Bustamante, O. Le GallAbstract:Sequiviruses are isometric aphidborne plant viruses. Dandelion yellow mosaic virus (DaYMV), genus Sequivirus, was isolated from dandelion and lettuce in Europe. Lettuce mottle virus (LeMoV), a putative Sequivirus, is often found in mixed infections with Lettuce mosaic virus (LMV) in Brazil (3). DaYMV, LeMoV and LMV cause similar mosaics in field-grown lettuce. Differences in biology and sequence suggest that DaYMV and LeMoV are distinct species (2). Forty-two and 101 lettuce samples with mosaic symptoms collected from two locations near Santiago during a survey of lettuce viruses in Chile in 2002 and 2003, respectively, were analyzed for the presence of LeMoV using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Total RNA was extracted (1) and used for RT-PCR with the specific LeMoV primers pairs Lmo3 (5′ ACATGAGCACTAGTGAGG 3′) and Lmo4 (5′ AGATAGAGCCGTCT GGCG 3′) (2). One of the 42 and three of the 101 samples produced the expected 300-bp fragment. Isometric particles of 30 nm diameter, typical...
Ana Carolina Firmino - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ocorrência generalizada do Lettuce mottle virus em três regiões produtoras de alface comercial do Estado de São Paulo Occurrence of Lettuce mottle virus on three lettuce producing areas from São Paulo State
Grupo Paulista de Fitopatologia, 2008Co-Authors: Renate Krause-sakate, Norberto Da ,silva, Ana Carolina Firmino, Adriana Salomão Jadão, Marcelo A. Pavan, Sérgio Minoru Hanai, Roberto Hiroto Anbo, Thomas NietzscheAbstract:Os sequivírus são vírus isométricos transmitidos por afídeos. Lettuce mottle virus (LeMoV), um provável Sequivirus foi descrito no Brasil em 1982 e causa sintomas de mosaico semelhantes aos observados pelo Lettuce mosaic virus (LMV). Um levantamento para ocorrência do LeMoV nos campos de produção de alface de três diferentes regiões do Estado de São Paulo (Mogi das Cruzes, Campinas e Bauru) foi realizado durante 2002 a 2005. RNA total foi extraído e utilizado na detecção, em RT-PCR, com oligonucleotídeos específicos para o LeMoV. Do total de 1362 amostras, 137 (10,05%) foram positivas para o LeMoV. Infecção mista com o LMV foi verificada em 43 amostras (31,4%). Foi verificada a ocorrência do LeMoV nas três diferentes regiões analisadas, porém sua ocorrência foi baixa nas diferentes épocas do ano.Sequiviruses are isometric aphid-borne plant viruses. Lettuce mottle virus (LeMoV), a putative Sequivirus was first described in Brazil on 1982 causing similar mosaic symptoms as Lettuce mosaic virus (LMV). A survey for the occurrence of LeMoV on open field conditions was carried out during 2002 to 2005 on Mogi das Cruzes, Campinas and Bauru in São Paulo state. Total RNA was extracted and used on RT-PCR with specific LeMoV primers. On 1362 samples tested, 137 (10,05%) were positive for LeMoV. Mixed infections with LMV was observed on 43 samples (31,4%). The presence of LeMoV was observed in the three different regions, but with low incidence during the year
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Ocorrência generalizada do Lettuce mottle virus em três regiões produtoras de alface comercial do Estado de São Paulo
Summa Phytopathologica, 2008Co-Authors: Renate Krause-sakate, Norberto Da ,silva, Ana Carolina Firmino, Adriana Salomão Jadão, Sérgio Minoru Hanai, Roberto Hiroto Anbo, Marcelo Agenor Pavan, Thomas NietzscheAbstract:Sequiviruses are isometric aphid-borne plant viruses. Lettuce mottle virus (LeMoV), a putative Sequivirus was first described in Brazil on 1982 causing similar mosaic symptoms as Lettuce mosaic virus (LMV). A survey for the occurrence of LeMoV on open field conditions was carried out during 2002 to 2005 on Mogi das Cruzes, Campinas and Bauru in Sao Paulo state. Total RNA was extracted and used on RT-PCR with specific LeMoV primers. On 1362 samples tested, 137 (10,05%) were positive for LeMoV. Mixed infections with LMV was observed on 43 samples (31,4%). The presence of LeMoV was observed in the three different regions, but with low incidence during the year.
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First Report of a Lettuce-Infecting Sequivirus in Chile.
Plant disease, 2005Co-Authors: Renate Krause-sakate, Ana Carolina Firmino, Adriana Salomão Jadão, Marcelo Agenor Pavan, Francisco Murilo Zerbini, I. M. Rosales, P. Bustamante, O. Le GallAbstract:Sequiviruses are isometric aphidborne plant viruses. Dandelion yellow mosaic virus (DaYMV), genus Sequivirus, was isolated from dandelion and lettuce in Europe. Lettuce mottle virus (LeMoV), a putative Sequivirus, is often found in mixed infections with Lettuce mosaic virus (LMV) in Brazil (3). DaYMV, LeMoV and LMV cause similar mosaics in field-grown lettuce. Differences in biology and sequence suggest that DaYMV and LeMoV are distinct species (2). Forty-two and 101 lettuce samples with mosaic symptoms collected from two locations near Santiago during a survey of lettuce viruses in Chile in 2002 and 2003, respectively, were analyzed for the presence of LeMoV using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Total RNA was extracted (1) and used for RT-PCR with the specific LeMoV primers pairs Lmo3 (5′ ACATGAGCACTAGTGAGG 3′) and Lmo4 (5′ AGATAGAGCCGTCT GGCG 3′) (2). One of the 42 and three of the 101 samples produced the expected 300-bp fragment. Isometric particles of 30 nm diameter, typical...
