The Experts below are selected from a list of 912 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Zhao Yaohui - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Divorce, Abortion, and the child Sex ratio: The impact of divorce reform in China
    JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS, 2016
    Co-Authors: Sun Ang, Zhao Yaohui
    Abstract:

    This paper estimates the effect of China's pro-women divorce reform on Sex-selection behavior within marriages. The 2001 reform liberalized divorce in favor of women and secured women's property rights after separation. The paper applies a regression discontinuity analysis on the child Sex ratio and finds that the likelihood of having a son after a firstborn daughter decreased by 8.1 percentage points, amounting to a reduction of 11.7% compared with the prior proportion of male children. Further analyses provide evidence in support of the hypothesis that improved divorce options empower women within marriage, and enable them to avoid health-damaging Sex Selective Abortion. The effect of the divorce reform is stronger in provinces where divorce is comparatively viable because of more lenient family planning policies governing fertility in the next marriage. The effect is also stronger among women who face higher health costs of Abortion. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.SSCIARTICLEang.sun@gmail.com53-6912

Rangita De Silva De Alwis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • women s human rights and migration Sex Selective Abortion laws in the united states and india
    Social Science Research Network, 2018
    Co-Authors: Rangita De Silva De Alwis
    Abstract:

    Sital Kalantry’s Women’s Human Rights and Migration: Sex Selective Abortion Laws in the United States and India addresses a long-existing gap in feminist theory at the intersection of a migrant woman’s experience and culturally motivated reproductive decisions. By recognising the possibility that ‘practices that are oppressive to women in one country context may not have a negative impact on women in another country context’ Kalantry takes an important step in creating a framework for evaluating competing human rights interests within the complex cultural contexts that arise in migrant-receiving countries. Her proposed framework rejects the decontextualisation and politicisation of the migrant woman’s experience in favour of an appropriately nuanced approach, which inhabits a context-specific interstitial space between cultural relativist and universalist arguments.

Arindam Nandi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • evaluating the impact of the indian supreme court judgment on Sex Selective Abortion
    Social Science Research Network, 2019
    Co-Authors: Sital Kalantry, Arindam Nandi
    Abstract:

    Lawyers bring public interest litigation cases (“PIL”) to the Indian Supreme Court seeking many different types of remedies, including to prevent the construction of power plants that may damage the environment or to prevent violations of rights of a group of people. The Indian Supreme Court (the “Supreme Court” or “Court”) sometimes responds by creating guidelines like what the executive branch might do. But in many PIL cases, litigants are not asking for the creating of new rules, but instead they are simply asking the Supreme Court to encourage the government to amend, implement, and enforce laws that already exist.

  • Sex-Selective Abortion bans are not associated with changes in Sex ratios at birth among Asian populations in Illinois and Pennsylvania
    Forum for health economics & policy, 2015
    Co-Authors: Arindam Nandi, Sital Kalantry, Brian Citro
    Abstract:

    Legal prohibitions on Sex-Selective Abortions are proliferating in the United States. Eight state legislatures have banned Abortions sought on the basis of the Sex of the fetus, 21 states have considered such laws since 2009, and a similar bill is pending in U.S. Congress. These laws have been introduced and enacted without any empirical data about their impact or effectiveness. Prior studies of U.S. Census data found Sex ratios among foreign-born Chinese, Korean and Indian immigrants were skewed in favor of boys, but only in families where there were already one or two girls. Using the variation in the timing of bans in Illinois and Pennsylvania as natural experiments, we compare the pre-ban and post-ban Sex ratios of certain Asian newborn children in these states over 12-year periods. We then compare these ratios with the Sex ratios of Asian newborn children in neighboring states during the same period. We find that the bans in Illinois and Pennsylvania are not associated with any changes in Sex ratios at birth among Asians. In Illinois and its neighboring states, the Sex ratio at birth of Asian children was not male-biased during our study period. On the other hand, the Sex ratio at birth among Asians in Pennsylvania and its neighboring states was skewed slightly in favor of boys, but the enactment of the ban did not normalize the Sex ratio. This strongly suggests that Sex-Selective Abortion bans have had no impact on the practice of Sex selection, to the extent that it occurs, in these states. This finding is highly relevant to legislative and policy debates in the U.S. Congress and state legislatures where Sex-Selective Abortion laws are being considered.

  • The Unintended Effects of a Ban on Sex-Selective Abortion on Infant Mortality: Evidence from India
    Oxford Development Studies, 2014
    Co-Authors: Arindam Nandi
    Abstract:

    India has long struggled with persistent problems of Sex-Selective Abortions and the neglect of female children. In 1996, the Pre-Natal Diagnostics Techniques Act was implemented to stop the practices of prenatal Sex determination and Selective Abortions. This paper examines whether the law has been effective in reducing gender imbalance, and in turn potentially exacerbated post-natal discrimination against newborn girls. Using retrospective birth history data from the Indian District Level Household Survey (2002–2004), we exploit a natural experiment involving a variation in the timing of the law across states. We analyse the differential impact of the law on newborn Sex ratios and infant mortality rates. Our findings indicate that the law significantly increased the likelihood of a female birth, improving female-to-male Sex ratios at birth. We also find that it was generally associated with no change in the relative mortality of infant girls.

Therese Hesketh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • son preference and Sex Selective Abortion in china informing policy options
    International Journal of Public Health, 2012
    Co-Authors: Chi Zhou, Xiao Lei Wang, Xudong Zhou, Therese Hesketh
    Abstract:

    Objectives There is growing evidence in China that son preference is on the decline, but the Sex ratio at birth is still the highest in the world at around 120 male births to 100 females. The aim of the study was to explore attitudes towards gender preference among people of reproductive age, to determine the reasons why the Sex ratio is persistently high, and to inform policy options.

  • the consequences of son preference and Sex Selective Abortion in china and other asian countries
    Canadian Medical Association Journal, 2011
    Co-Authors: Therese Hesketh, Zhu Wei Xing
    Abstract:

    Parents’ preference for sons is common in countries in East Asia through South Asia, to the Middle East and North Africa. Sons are preferred because they have a higher wage-earning capacity (especially in agrarian economies), they continue the family line and they usually take responsibility for

  • china s excess males Sex Selective Abortion and one child policy analysis of data from 2005 national intercensus survey
    BMJ, 2009
    Co-Authors: Wei Xing Zhu, Therese Hesketh
    Abstract:

    Objectives To elucidate current trends and geographical patterns in the Sex ratio at birth and in the population aged under 20 in China and to determine the roles played by Sex Selective Abortion and the one child policy. Design Analysis of household based cross sectional population survey done in November 2005. Setting All of China’s 2861 counties. Population 1% of the total population, selected to be broadly representative of the total. Main outcome measure Sex ratio defined as males per 100 females. Results 4 764 512 people under the age of 20 were included. Overall Sex ratios were high across all age groups and residency types, but they were highest in the 1-4 years age group, peaking at 126 (95% confidence interval 125 to 126) in rural areas. Six provinces had Sex ratios of over 130 in the 1-4 age group. The Sex ratio at birth was close to normal for first order births but rose steeply for second order births, especially in rural areas, where it reached 146 (143 to 149). Nine provinces had ratios of over 160 for second order births. The highest Sex ratios were seen in provinces that allow rural inhabitants a second child if the first is a girl. Sex Selective Abortion accounts for almost all the excess males. One particular variant of the one child policy, which allows a second child if the first is a girl, leads to the highest Sex ratios. Conclusions In 2005 males under the age of 20 exceeded females by more than 32 million in China, and more than 1.1 million excess births of boys occurred. China will see very high and steadily worsening Sex ratios in the reproductive age group over the next two decades. Enforcing the existing ban on Sex Selective Abortion could lead to normalisation of the ratios.

Seema Jayachandran - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • fertility decline and missing women
    American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2017
    Co-Authors: Seema Jayachandran
    Abstract:

    Abstract The desire for smaller families is conjectured as one reason the male-to-female Sex ratio has increased with economic development in several countries. Families that strongly want at least one son are less likely to obtain him by chance at low fertility, which could increase their use of Sex-Selective Abortion. This paper quantifies the relationship between desired fertility and the Sex ratio in India by eliciting Sex composition preferences at specified fertility levels. I find that the desired Sex ratio increases sharply as fertility falls and that fertility decline explains one third to one half of India's recent Sex ratio increase. (JEL I21, J13, J16, O15, O18)