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Andredenis G Wright - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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heterogeneous development of methanogens and the correlation with bacteria in the rumen and cecum of Sika Deer cervus nippon during early life suggest different ecology relevance
BMC Microbiology, 2019Co-Authors: Xiaoxu Wang, Ting Zhang, Andredenis G WrightAbstract:Enteric methane from the ruminant livestock is a significant source in global greenhouse gas emissions, which is mainly generated by the methanogens inhabiting the rumen and cecum. Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) not only produces less methane than bovine, but they also harbor a distinct methanogen community. Whereas, knowledge of methanogens colonization in the rumen and cecum of Sika Deer is relatively still unknown, which could provide more insights to the manipulation of gut microbiota during early life. Here, we examined the development of bacteria and methanogens in the rumen and cecum of juvenile Sika Deer from birth to post-weaning (1 day, 42 days and 70 days, respectively) based on next generation sequencing. The results showed that the facultative anaerobic bacteria were decreased and the cellulolytic bacteria were increased. However, methanogens established soon after birth thrived through the whole developmental period, indicating a different succession process than bacteria in the GIT, and the limited role of age and dietary change on GIT methanogens. We also found Methanobrevibacter spp. (Mean relative abundance = 44.2%) and Methanocorpusculum spp. (Mean relative abundance = 57.5%) were dominated in the rumen and cecum, respectively. The methanogens also formed specific correlations with bacteria under different niches, suggesting a role of ecology niche on methanogen community. This study contributes to our knowledge about the microbial succession in GIT of Sika Deer, that may facilitate the development of targeted strategies to improve GIT function of Sika Deer.
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bacterial community composition and fermentation patterns in the rumen of Sika Deer cervus nippon fed three different diets
Microbial Ecology, 2015Co-Authors: Zhi Peng Li, Kai-ying Wang, Andredenis G Wright, Fuhe Yang, Tietao Zhang, Zhigang Zhang, Guangyu LiAbstract:Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) rely on microorganisms living in the rumen to convert plant materials into chemical compounds, such as volatile fatty acids (VFAs), but how the rumen bacterial community is affected by different forages and adapt to altered diets remains poorly understood. The present study used 454-pyrosequencing of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes to examine the relationship between rumen bacterial diversity and metabolic phenotypes using three Sika Deer in a 3 × 3 latin square design. Three Sika Deer were fed oak leaves (OL), corn stover (CS), or corn silage (CI), respectively. After a 7-day feeding period, when compared to the CS and CI groups, the OL group had a lower proportion of Prevotella spp. and a higher proportion of unclassified bacteria belonging to the families Succinivibrionaceae and Paraprevotellaceae (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the concentration of isobutyrate was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the OL group than in the CS and CI groups. There was no significant change of dominant bacterial genera in the OL group after 28 days of feeding. Conversely, total volatile fatty acids (TVFAs) showed an increase after 28 days of feeding, mainly due to the increasing of acetate, propionate, and valerate (P < 0.05). The interplay between bacteria and metabolism in the OL group differed from that in the CS and CI groups, especially for the interaction of TVFAs and acetate/propionate. Overall, the current study suggested that Prevotella spp. played critical roles in the fermentation of feed in the rumen of Sika Deer. However, the differences in interplay patterns between rumen bacterial community composition and metabolic phenotypes were altered in the native and domesticated diets indicating the changed fermentation patterns in the rumen of Sika Deer.
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molecular diversity of rumen bacterial communities from tannin rich and fiber rich forage fed domestic Sika Deer cervus nippon in china
BMC Microbiology, 2013Co-Authors: Zhi Peng Li, Kai-ying Wang, Yifeng Yang, Guangyu Li, Fuhe Yang, Chao Xu, Andredenis G WrightAbstract:Background: Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) have different dietary preferences to other ruminants and are tolerant to tannin-rich plants. Because the rumen bacteria in domestic Sika Deer have not been comprehensively studied, it is important to investigate its rumen bacterial population in order to understand its gut health and to improve the productivity of domestic Sika Deer. Results: The rumen bacterial diversity in domestic Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) fed oak leaves- (OL group) and corn stalks-based diets (CS group) were elucidated using 16S rRNA gene libraries and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Overall, 239 sequences were examined from the two groups, 139 clones from the OL group were assigned to 57 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and 100 sequences from the CS group were divided into 50 OTUs. Prevotella-like sequences belonging to the phylum Bacteroidetes were the dominant bacteria in both groups (97.2% OL and 77% CS), and sequences related to Prevotella brevis were present in both groups. However, Prevotella shahii-like, Prevotella veroralis-like, Prevotella albensis-like, and Prevotella salivae-like sequences were abundant in the OL group compared to those in the CS group, while Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens-like and Prevotella ruminicola-like sequences were prevalent in the CS group. PCR-DGGE showed that bacterial communities clustered with respect to diets and the genus Prevotella was the dominant bacteria in the rumen of domestic Sika Deer. However, the distribution of genus Prevotella from two groups was apparent. In addition, other fibrolytic bacteria, such as Clostridium populeti and Eubacterium cellulosolvens were found in the rumen of domestic Sika Deer. Conclusions: The rumen of domestic Sika Deer harbored unique bacteria which may represent novel species. The bacterial composition appeared to be affected by diet, and sequences related to Prevotella spp. may represent new species that may be related to the degradation of fiber biomass or tannins. Moreover, the mechanism and biological functions of Prevotella spp. in the rumen ecosystem, and synergistic interactions with other microorganisms should be noticed.
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molecular diversity of rumen bacterial communities from tannin rich and fiber rich forage fed domestic Sika Deer cervus nippon in china
BMC Microbiology, 2013Co-Authors: Han Lu Liu, Kai-ying Wang, Yifeng Yang, Fuhe Yang, Kun Bao, Andredenis G WrightAbstract:Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) have different dietary preferences to other ruminants and are tolerant to tannin-rich plants. Because the rumen bacteria in domestic Sika Deer have not been comprehensively studied, it is important to investigate its rumen bacterial population in order to understand its gut health and to improve the productivity of domestic Sika Deer. The rumen bacterial diversity in domestic Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) fed oak leaves- (OL group) and corn stalks-based diets (CS group) were elucidated using 16S rRNA gene libraries and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Overall, 239 sequences were examined from the two groups, 139 clones from the OL group were assigned to 57 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and 100 sequences from the CS group were divided into 50 OTUs. Prevotella-like sequences belonging to the phylum Bacteroidetes were the dominant bacteria in both groups (97.2% OL and 77% CS), and sequences related to Prevotella brevis were present in both groups. However, Prevotella shahii-like, Prevotella veroralis-like, Prevotella albensis-like, and Prevotella salivae-like sequences were abundant in the OL group compared to those in the CS group, while Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens-like and Prevotella ruminicola-like sequences were prevalent in the CS group. PCR-DGGE showed that bacterial communities clustered with respect to diets and the genus Prevotella was the dominant bacteria in the rumen of domestic Sika Deer. However, the distribution of genus Prevotella from two groups was apparent. In addition, other fibrolytic bacteria, such as Clostridium populeti and Eubacterium cellulosolvens were found in the rumen of domestic Sika Deer. The rumen of domestic Sika Deer harbored unique bacteria which may represent novel species. The bacterial composition appeared to be affected by diet, and sequences related to Prevotella spp. may represent new species that may be related to the degradation of fiber biomass or tannins. Moreover, the mechanism and biological functions of Prevotella spp. in the rumen ecosystem, and synergistic interactions with other microorganisms should be noticed.
Yifeng Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Development of Diagnostic SNP Markers To Monitor Hybridization Between Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) and Wapiti (Cervus elaphus)
G3 (Bethesda Md.), 2018Co-Authors: Yifeng YangAbstract:Sika Deer (Cervus Nippon) and wapiti (Cervus elaphus) are closely related species and their hybridization can result in significant allele-shift of their gene pool. Additive genetic effects and putative heterotic effects of their hybridization on growth performance could confer considerable economic advantage in Deer farming. Here, we used double-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing technology (ddRAD-seq) and detected ∼320,000 genome-wide SNPs from 30 captive individuals: 7 Sika Deer, 6 wapiti and 17 F1 hybrids (reciprocal cross). By screening observed heterozygosity of each SNP across four taxonomic groups, we report for the first time a resource of 2,015 putative diagnostic SNP markers (species-specific SNPs for Sika Deer and wapiti), which can be used to design tools for assessing or monitoring the degree of hybridization between Sika Deer and wapiti. These ddRAD-seq data and SNP datasets are also valuable resources for genome-wide studies, including trait discovery for breeders of domestic Deer.
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genome wide snp discovery and analysis of genetic diversity in farmed Sika Deer cervus nippon in northeast china using double digest restriction site associated dna sequencing
G3: Genes Genomes Genetics, 2017Co-Authors: Boyin Jia, Yifeng Yang, Guiwu Wang, Gilead KedemAbstract:Sika Deer are an economically valuable species owing to their use in traditional Chinese medicine, particularly their velvet antlers. Sika Deer in northeast China are mostly farmed in enclosure. Therefore, genetic management of farmed Sika Deer would benefit from detailed knowledge of their genetic diversity. In this study, we generated over 1.45 billion high-quality paired-end reads (288 Gbp) across 42 unrelated individuals using double-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-seq). A total of 96,188 (29.63%) putative biallelic SNP loci were identified with an average sequencing depth of 23×. Based on the analysis, we found that the majority of the loci had a deficit of heterozygotes (FIS >0) and low values of Hobs, which could be due to inbreeding and Wahlund effects. We also developed a collection of high-quality SNP probes that will likely be useful in a variety of applications in genotyping for cervid species in the future.
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molecular diversity of rumen bacterial communities from tannin rich and fiber rich forage fed domestic Sika Deer cervus nippon in china
BMC Microbiology, 2013Co-Authors: Zhi Peng Li, Kai-ying Wang, Yifeng Yang, Guangyu Li, Fuhe Yang, Chao Xu, Andredenis G WrightAbstract:Background: Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) have different dietary preferences to other ruminants and are tolerant to tannin-rich plants. Because the rumen bacteria in domestic Sika Deer have not been comprehensively studied, it is important to investigate its rumen bacterial population in order to understand its gut health and to improve the productivity of domestic Sika Deer. Results: The rumen bacterial diversity in domestic Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) fed oak leaves- (OL group) and corn stalks-based diets (CS group) were elucidated using 16S rRNA gene libraries and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Overall, 239 sequences were examined from the two groups, 139 clones from the OL group were assigned to 57 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and 100 sequences from the CS group were divided into 50 OTUs. Prevotella-like sequences belonging to the phylum Bacteroidetes were the dominant bacteria in both groups (97.2% OL and 77% CS), and sequences related to Prevotella brevis were present in both groups. However, Prevotella shahii-like, Prevotella veroralis-like, Prevotella albensis-like, and Prevotella salivae-like sequences were abundant in the OL group compared to those in the CS group, while Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens-like and Prevotella ruminicola-like sequences were prevalent in the CS group. PCR-DGGE showed that bacterial communities clustered with respect to diets and the genus Prevotella was the dominant bacteria in the rumen of domestic Sika Deer. However, the distribution of genus Prevotella from two groups was apparent. In addition, other fibrolytic bacteria, such as Clostridium populeti and Eubacterium cellulosolvens were found in the rumen of domestic Sika Deer. Conclusions: The rumen of domestic Sika Deer harbored unique bacteria which may represent novel species. The bacterial composition appeared to be affected by diet, and sequences related to Prevotella spp. may represent new species that may be related to the degradation of fiber biomass or tannins. Moreover, the mechanism and biological functions of Prevotella spp. in the rumen ecosystem, and synergistic interactions with other microorganisms should be noticed.
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molecular diversity of rumen bacterial communities from tannin rich and fiber rich forage fed domestic Sika Deer cervus nippon in china
BMC Microbiology, 2013Co-Authors: Han Lu Liu, Kai-ying Wang, Yifeng Yang, Fuhe Yang, Kun Bao, Andredenis G WrightAbstract:Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) have different dietary preferences to other ruminants and are tolerant to tannin-rich plants. Because the rumen bacteria in domestic Sika Deer have not been comprehensively studied, it is important to investigate its rumen bacterial population in order to understand its gut health and to improve the productivity of domestic Sika Deer. The rumen bacterial diversity in domestic Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) fed oak leaves- (OL group) and corn stalks-based diets (CS group) were elucidated using 16S rRNA gene libraries and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Overall, 239 sequences were examined from the two groups, 139 clones from the OL group were assigned to 57 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and 100 sequences from the CS group were divided into 50 OTUs. Prevotella-like sequences belonging to the phylum Bacteroidetes were the dominant bacteria in both groups (97.2% OL and 77% CS), and sequences related to Prevotella brevis were present in both groups. However, Prevotella shahii-like, Prevotella veroralis-like, Prevotella albensis-like, and Prevotella salivae-like sequences were abundant in the OL group compared to those in the CS group, while Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens-like and Prevotella ruminicola-like sequences were prevalent in the CS group. PCR-DGGE showed that bacterial communities clustered with respect to diets and the genus Prevotella was the dominant bacteria in the rumen of domestic Sika Deer. However, the distribution of genus Prevotella from two groups was apparent. In addition, other fibrolytic bacteria, such as Clostridium populeti and Eubacterium cellulosolvens were found in the rumen of domestic Sika Deer. The rumen of domestic Sika Deer harbored unique bacteria which may represent novel species. The bacterial composition appeared to be affected by diet, and sequences related to Prevotella spp. may represent new species that may be related to the degradation of fiber biomass or tannins. Moreover, the mechanism and biological functions of Prevotella spp. in the rumen ecosystem, and synergistic interactions with other microorganisms should be noticed.
Kai-ying Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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bacterial community composition and fermentation patterns in the rumen of Sika Deer cervus nippon fed three different diets
Microbial Ecology, 2015Co-Authors: Zhi Peng Li, Kai-ying Wang, Andredenis G Wright, Fuhe Yang, Tietao Zhang, Zhigang Zhang, Guangyu LiAbstract:Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) rely on microorganisms living in the rumen to convert plant materials into chemical compounds, such as volatile fatty acids (VFAs), but how the rumen bacterial community is affected by different forages and adapt to altered diets remains poorly understood. The present study used 454-pyrosequencing of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes to examine the relationship between rumen bacterial diversity and metabolic phenotypes using three Sika Deer in a 3 × 3 latin square design. Three Sika Deer were fed oak leaves (OL), corn stover (CS), or corn silage (CI), respectively. After a 7-day feeding period, when compared to the CS and CI groups, the OL group had a lower proportion of Prevotella spp. and a higher proportion of unclassified bacteria belonging to the families Succinivibrionaceae and Paraprevotellaceae (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the concentration of isobutyrate was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the OL group than in the CS and CI groups. There was no significant change of dominant bacterial genera in the OL group after 28 days of feeding. Conversely, total volatile fatty acids (TVFAs) showed an increase after 28 days of feeding, mainly due to the increasing of acetate, propionate, and valerate (P < 0.05). The interplay between bacteria and metabolism in the OL group differed from that in the CS and CI groups, especially for the interaction of TVFAs and acetate/propionate. Overall, the current study suggested that Prevotella spp. played critical roles in the fermentation of feed in the rumen of Sika Deer. However, the differences in interplay patterns between rumen bacterial community composition and metabolic phenotypes were altered in the native and domesticated diets indicating the changed fermentation patterns in the rumen of Sika Deer.
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molecular diversity of rumen bacterial communities from tannin rich and fiber rich forage fed domestic Sika Deer cervus nippon in china
BMC Microbiology, 2013Co-Authors: Zhi Peng Li, Kai-ying Wang, Yifeng Yang, Guangyu Li, Fuhe Yang, Chao Xu, Andredenis G WrightAbstract:Background: Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) have different dietary preferences to other ruminants and are tolerant to tannin-rich plants. Because the rumen bacteria in domestic Sika Deer have not been comprehensively studied, it is important to investigate its rumen bacterial population in order to understand its gut health and to improve the productivity of domestic Sika Deer. Results: The rumen bacterial diversity in domestic Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) fed oak leaves- (OL group) and corn stalks-based diets (CS group) were elucidated using 16S rRNA gene libraries and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Overall, 239 sequences were examined from the two groups, 139 clones from the OL group were assigned to 57 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and 100 sequences from the CS group were divided into 50 OTUs. Prevotella-like sequences belonging to the phylum Bacteroidetes were the dominant bacteria in both groups (97.2% OL and 77% CS), and sequences related to Prevotella brevis were present in both groups. However, Prevotella shahii-like, Prevotella veroralis-like, Prevotella albensis-like, and Prevotella salivae-like sequences were abundant in the OL group compared to those in the CS group, while Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens-like and Prevotella ruminicola-like sequences were prevalent in the CS group. PCR-DGGE showed that bacterial communities clustered with respect to diets and the genus Prevotella was the dominant bacteria in the rumen of domestic Sika Deer. However, the distribution of genus Prevotella from two groups was apparent. In addition, other fibrolytic bacteria, such as Clostridium populeti and Eubacterium cellulosolvens were found in the rumen of domestic Sika Deer. Conclusions: The rumen of domestic Sika Deer harbored unique bacteria which may represent novel species. The bacterial composition appeared to be affected by diet, and sequences related to Prevotella spp. may represent new species that may be related to the degradation of fiber biomass or tannins. Moreover, the mechanism and biological functions of Prevotella spp. in the rumen ecosystem, and synergistic interactions with other microorganisms should be noticed.
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molecular diversity of rumen bacterial communities from tannin rich and fiber rich forage fed domestic Sika Deer cervus nippon in china
BMC Microbiology, 2013Co-Authors: Han Lu Liu, Kai-ying Wang, Yifeng Yang, Fuhe Yang, Kun Bao, Andredenis G WrightAbstract:Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) have different dietary preferences to other ruminants and are tolerant to tannin-rich plants. Because the rumen bacteria in domestic Sika Deer have not been comprehensively studied, it is important to investigate its rumen bacterial population in order to understand its gut health and to improve the productivity of domestic Sika Deer. The rumen bacterial diversity in domestic Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) fed oak leaves- (OL group) and corn stalks-based diets (CS group) were elucidated using 16S rRNA gene libraries and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Overall, 239 sequences were examined from the two groups, 139 clones from the OL group were assigned to 57 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and 100 sequences from the CS group were divided into 50 OTUs. Prevotella-like sequences belonging to the phylum Bacteroidetes were the dominant bacteria in both groups (97.2% OL and 77% CS), and sequences related to Prevotella brevis were present in both groups. However, Prevotella shahii-like, Prevotella veroralis-like, Prevotella albensis-like, and Prevotella salivae-like sequences were abundant in the OL group compared to those in the CS group, while Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens-like and Prevotella ruminicola-like sequences were prevalent in the CS group. PCR-DGGE showed that bacterial communities clustered with respect to diets and the genus Prevotella was the dominant bacteria in the rumen of domestic Sika Deer. However, the distribution of genus Prevotella from two groups was apparent. In addition, other fibrolytic bacteria, such as Clostridium populeti and Eubacterium cellulosolvens were found in the rumen of domestic Sika Deer. The rumen of domestic Sika Deer harbored unique bacteria which may represent novel species. The bacterial composition appeared to be affected by diet, and sequences related to Prevotella spp. may represent new species that may be related to the degradation of fiber biomass or tannins. Moreover, the mechanism and biological functions of Prevotella spp. in the rumen ecosystem, and synergistic interactions with other microorganisms should be noticed.
Koichi Kaji - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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comparison of age at death patterns in the irruption and post population crash phases of an introduced Sika Deer cervus nippon population
Mammal Study, 2021Co-Authors: Kazutaka M Takeshita, Hiromasa Igota, Hiroshi Takahashi, Mugino O Kubo, Mayumi Ueno, Mari Ishizaki, Tsuyoshi Yoshida, Takashi Ikeda, Koichi KajiAbstract:Age-specific changes in Deer demographic parameters under food limitation are an important factor in predicting the post-population-crash dynamics of irruptive Deer populations. To evaluate the differences in age-class-at-death between the initial irruption and post-population-crash phases of a Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) population, we analyzed a dataset of naturally dead carcasses from an introduced Sika Deer population on Nakanoshima Island, Japan. We predicted that the occurrence probability of fawn-class Sika Deer carcasses would increase in the post-population-crash phase and that the occurrence probability of old-class Sika Deer carcasses (≥ 10 years old) would decrease during this phase. Contrary to our expectations, the relative occurrence probabilities of four age classes [fawn, yearling, prime-aged (2–9 years old), and old] of Sika Deer carcasses did not differ between the initial irruption and post-population-crash phases. This could partially be a side-effect of classifying Deer age into just four categories; slight changes within the age classes could not be detected because of this statistical limitation. Comparative studies are required to determine whether these results coincide with other irruptive Deer populations.
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the tale of two Deer management of pere david s Deer and Sika Deer in anthropogenic landscape of eastern asia
Animal Production Science, 2016Co-Authors: Zhigang Jiang, Koichi Kaji, Xiaoge PingAbstract:Pere David’s Deer (Elaphurus davidianus) and Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) occupy two contrasting types of niches in eastern Asia: Pere David’s Deer is a swamp Deer adapted to wetlands, while the Sika Deer mainly live in forested areas. Both Pere David’s Deer and Sika Deer have been hunted since the early days of the hunting and gathering civilisation; however, these two Deer have undergone different population histories. As human society entered the era of agriculture civilisation, Pere David’s Deer gradually lost its habitats to farmlands, and the population was greatly reduced until, finally, it became extinct in the wild in 1900. Fortunately, after 30 years of restoration and introduction, more than 4000 Pere David’s Deer thrive in nature reserves, zoos and safari parks in China, and more than 500 Pere David’s Deer could be found in the wild in 2014. Populations of wild Sika Deer were reduced as well due to hunting and deforestation, and were restricted in the forest patches in the mountains in eastern Asia. Nevertheless, the Sika Deer in China and Japan have different fortunes. Sika Deer in China did not escape the prevalent tragedy of domestication, in that wild Sika Deer was endangered or extirpated in its original habitats, while the farmed Sika Deer thrived since late 1950s. Sika Deer populations in Japan also remained at low density in the mid-1950s due to over-hunting, including poaching. After one-quarter of a century of in situ protection, Sika populations are still small in China and some populations were found to leave the nature reserve to areas with high human densities, while the wild Sika Deer in Japan have markedly increased in numbers and extended their geographic distribution during the past few decades. Accordingly, the management strategies in China and Japan were completely different. The Chinese government is seeking all the efforts on the conservation of Sika Deer, while the Japanese government is revising laws to harvest and to reduce Sika Deer population.
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influence of human activities on the activity patterns of japanese Sika Deer cervus nippon and wild boar sus scrofa in central japan
European Journal of Wildlife Research, 2015Co-Authors: Nick Van Doormaal, Haruka Ohashi, Shinsuke Koike, Koichi KajiAbstract:Human ageing and population decline in Japan are causing agricultural field abandonment and providing new habitats for Japanese Sika Deer and wild boar. These species have expanded their distribution and increased in abundance across Japan and are causing increased agricultural damage. Effective countermeasures must factor in the behavioural flexibility of Sika Deer and wild boar. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of hunting and indirect human activities on the activity patterns of Sika Deer in central Japan and compare these with previous findings on wild boar. Camera traps were used to observe activity patterns of both species and that of humans. Sika Deer and wild boar were most active at night during the non-hunting season. Hunting activities significantly reduced Sika Deer and wild boar activity patterns. In the non-hunting season, nocturnal activity of Sika Deer increased with decreasing distance to settlement. A similar, but weak response was also observed for wild boar. This study suggests that Sika Deer and wild boar avoid humans and human-dominated areas by being nocturnal. The recent introduction of night hunting might help to control wildlife populations, but monitoring will be necessary to confirm this expectation.
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adaptive management of Sika Deer populations in hokkaido japan theory and practice
Population Ecology, 2010Co-Authors: Koichi Kaji, Takashi Saitoh, Hiroyuki Matsuda, Kohji YamamuraAbstract:We investigated the utility of adaptive management (AM) in wildlife management, reviewing our experiences in applying AM to overabundant Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) populations in Hokkaido, Japan. The management goals of our program were: (1) to maintain the population at moderate density levels preventing population irruption, (2) to reduce damage to crops and forests, and (3) to sustain a moderate yield of hunting without endangering the population. Because of significant uncertainty in biological and environmental parameters, we designed a “feedback” management program based on controlling hunting pressure. Three threshold levels of relative population size and four levels of hunting pressure were configured, with a choice of four corresponding management actions. Under this program, the Hokkaido Government has been promoting aggressive female culling to reduce the Sika Deer population since 1998. We devised a harvest-based estimation for population size using relative population size and the number of Deer harvested, and found that the 1993 population size (originally estimated by extrapolation of aerial surveys) had been underestimated. To reduce observation errors, a harvest-based Bayesian estimation was developed and the 1993 population estimate was again revised. Analyses of population trends and harvest data demonstrate that hunting is an important large-scale experiment to obtain reliable estimation of population size. A serious side effect of hunting on Sika Deer was inadvertent lead poisoning of large birds of prey. The prohibition of the use of lead bullets by the Hokkaido Government was successful in reducing the lead poisoning, but the problem still remains. Two case studies on Sika population irruption show that the densities set by maximum sustainable yield may be too high to prevent damage to agriculture, forestry, and/or ecosystems. Threshold management based on feedback control is better for ecosystem management. Since volunteer hunters favor higher hunting efficiency in resource management (e.g., venison), it is necessary to support the development of professional hunters for culling operations for ecosystem management, where lower densities of Deer should be set for target areas. Hunting as resource management and culling for ecosystem management should be synergistically combined under AM.
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immunohistochemical localization of steroidogenic enzymes in the testis of the Sika Deer cervus nippon during developmental and seasonal changes
Journal of Reproduction and Development, 2010Co-Authors: Hiromasa Igota, Masatsugu Suzuki, Daisuke Hayakawa, Koichi Kaji, Motoki Sasaki, Toshio Tsubota, Nobuo KitamuraAbstract:Testicular steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis during developmental and seasonal changes were investigated in male Sika Deer (Cervus nippon), a short-day seasonal breeder, to clarify the physiological mechanisms for reproductive function. The immunohistochemical localization of steroidogenic enzymes (P450scc, P450c17, 3βHSD and P450arom), spermatogenesis and cell proliferation were analyzed in the testes of fetal (164 to 218 days of fetal age), fawn (0 years old), yearling (1 year old) and adult (more than 2 years old) male Sika Deer. Three kinds of steroidogenic enzymes, P450scc, P450c17 and 3βHSD, essential for the synthesis of testosterone were located only in the Leydig cells of the testes from the fetal period, and these localizations did not change during developmental or seasonal stages. Immunoreactivity for P450arom, a key enzyme converting testosterone to estradiol, was also localized only in the Leydig cells of testes but was also further limited to the testes of yearlings and adults. Seminiferous tubules had already formed in the fetal testes examined in the present study. Spermatogenesis started in yearlings and was more active in the breeding season. In the adult Sika Deer testes, the Leydig cells, which displayed immunoreactivities for steroidogenic enzymes, changed to have more cytoplasm in the breeding season than in the non-breeding season. Cell proliferation of Leydig cells was hardly observed in adult testes during seasonal changes. The present results suggested that Sika Deer testes start to synthesize testosterone from the fetal period, that seasonal changes in testosterone and estradiol syntheses are dependent on the quantitative variation of steroidogenic enzymes synchronized with the size of Leydig cells and that estradiol synthesized in yearling and adult testes makes a contribution to the initiation and recrudescence of spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis in the Sika Deer.
Fuhe Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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development of novel est microsatellite markers for genetic diversity analysis and correlation analysis of velvet antler growth characteristics in Sika Deer
Hereditas, 2020Co-Authors: Oyi Jia, Shuzhuo Chang, Guiwu Wang, Junju Zheng, Wanyu Yang, Jiali Zhang, Yua Liu, Dongdong Liu, Guang Che, Fuhe YangAbstract:Sika Deer is one of the most popular and valued animals in China. However, few studies have been conducted on the microsatellite of Sika Deer, which has hampered the progress of genetic selection breeding. To develop and characterize a set of microsatellites for Sika Deer which provide helpful information for protection of Sika Deer natural resources and effectively increase the yield and quantity of velvet antler. We conducted a transcriptome survey of Sika Deer using next-generation sequencing technology. One hundred eighty-two thousand two hundred ninety-five microsatellite markers were identified in the transcriptome, 170 of 200 loci were successfully amplified across panels of 140 individuals from Shuangyang Sika Deer population. And 29 loci were found to be obvious polymorphic. Number of alleles is from 3 to 14. The expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.3087 to 0.7644. The observed heterozygosity ranged from 0 to 0.7698. The polymorphism information content values of those microsatellites varied ranged from 0.2602 to 0.7507. The marker-trait association was tested for 6 important and kernel characteristics of two-branched velvet antler in Shuangyang Sika Deer through one-way analysis of variance. The results showed that marker-trait associations were identified with 8 different markers, especially M009 and M027. This study not only provided a large scale of microsatellites which were valuable for future genetic mapping and trait association in Sika Deer, but also offers available information for molecular breeding in Sika Deer.
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bacterial community composition and fermentation patterns in the rumen of Sika Deer cervus nippon fed three different diets
Microbial Ecology, 2015Co-Authors: Zhi Peng Li, Kai-ying Wang, Andredenis G Wright, Fuhe Yang, Tietao Zhang, Zhigang Zhang, Guangyu LiAbstract:Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) rely on microorganisms living in the rumen to convert plant materials into chemical compounds, such as volatile fatty acids (VFAs), but how the rumen bacterial community is affected by different forages and adapt to altered diets remains poorly understood. The present study used 454-pyrosequencing of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes to examine the relationship between rumen bacterial diversity and metabolic phenotypes using three Sika Deer in a 3 × 3 latin square design. Three Sika Deer were fed oak leaves (OL), corn stover (CS), or corn silage (CI), respectively. After a 7-day feeding period, when compared to the CS and CI groups, the OL group had a lower proportion of Prevotella spp. and a higher proportion of unclassified bacteria belonging to the families Succinivibrionaceae and Paraprevotellaceae (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the concentration of isobutyrate was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the OL group than in the CS and CI groups. There was no significant change of dominant bacterial genera in the OL group after 28 days of feeding. Conversely, total volatile fatty acids (TVFAs) showed an increase after 28 days of feeding, mainly due to the increasing of acetate, propionate, and valerate (P < 0.05). The interplay between bacteria and metabolism in the OL group differed from that in the CS and CI groups, especially for the interaction of TVFAs and acetate/propionate. Overall, the current study suggested that Prevotella spp. played critical roles in the fermentation of feed in the rumen of Sika Deer. However, the differences in interplay patterns between rumen bacterial community composition and metabolic phenotypes were altered in the native and domesticated diets indicating the changed fermentation patterns in the rumen of Sika Deer.
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molecular diversity of rumen bacterial communities from tannin rich and fiber rich forage fed domestic Sika Deer cervus nippon in china
BMC Microbiology, 2013Co-Authors: Zhi Peng Li, Kai-ying Wang, Yifeng Yang, Guangyu Li, Fuhe Yang, Chao Xu, Andredenis G WrightAbstract:Background: Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) have different dietary preferences to other ruminants and are tolerant to tannin-rich plants. Because the rumen bacteria in domestic Sika Deer have not been comprehensively studied, it is important to investigate its rumen bacterial population in order to understand its gut health and to improve the productivity of domestic Sika Deer. Results: The rumen bacterial diversity in domestic Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) fed oak leaves- (OL group) and corn stalks-based diets (CS group) were elucidated using 16S rRNA gene libraries and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Overall, 239 sequences were examined from the two groups, 139 clones from the OL group were assigned to 57 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and 100 sequences from the CS group were divided into 50 OTUs. Prevotella-like sequences belonging to the phylum Bacteroidetes were the dominant bacteria in both groups (97.2% OL and 77% CS), and sequences related to Prevotella brevis were present in both groups. However, Prevotella shahii-like, Prevotella veroralis-like, Prevotella albensis-like, and Prevotella salivae-like sequences were abundant in the OL group compared to those in the CS group, while Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens-like and Prevotella ruminicola-like sequences were prevalent in the CS group. PCR-DGGE showed that bacterial communities clustered with respect to diets and the genus Prevotella was the dominant bacteria in the rumen of domestic Sika Deer. However, the distribution of genus Prevotella from two groups was apparent. In addition, other fibrolytic bacteria, such as Clostridium populeti and Eubacterium cellulosolvens were found in the rumen of domestic Sika Deer. Conclusions: The rumen of domestic Sika Deer harbored unique bacteria which may represent novel species. The bacterial composition appeared to be affected by diet, and sequences related to Prevotella spp. may represent new species that may be related to the degradation of fiber biomass or tannins. Moreover, the mechanism and biological functions of Prevotella spp. in the rumen ecosystem, and synergistic interactions with other microorganisms should be noticed.
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molecular diversity of rumen bacterial communities from tannin rich and fiber rich forage fed domestic Sika Deer cervus nippon in china
BMC Microbiology, 2013Co-Authors: Han Lu Liu, Kai-ying Wang, Yifeng Yang, Fuhe Yang, Kun Bao, Andredenis G WrightAbstract:Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) have different dietary preferences to other ruminants and are tolerant to tannin-rich plants. Because the rumen bacteria in domestic Sika Deer have not been comprehensively studied, it is important to investigate its rumen bacterial population in order to understand its gut health and to improve the productivity of domestic Sika Deer. The rumen bacterial diversity in domestic Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) fed oak leaves- (OL group) and corn stalks-based diets (CS group) were elucidated using 16S rRNA gene libraries and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Overall, 239 sequences were examined from the two groups, 139 clones from the OL group were assigned to 57 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and 100 sequences from the CS group were divided into 50 OTUs. Prevotella-like sequences belonging to the phylum Bacteroidetes were the dominant bacteria in both groups (97.2% OL and 77% CS), and sequences related to Prevotella brevis were present in both groups. However, Prevotella shahii-like, Prevotella veroralis-like, Prevotella albensis-like, and Prevotella salivae-like sequences were abundant in the OL group compared to those in the CS group, while Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens-like and Prevotella ruminicola-like sequences were prevalent in the CS group. PCR-DGGE showed that bacterial communities clustered with respect to diets and the genus Prevotella was the dominant bacteria in the rumen of domestic Sika Deer. However, the distribution of genus Prevotella from two groups was apparent. In addition, other fibrolytic bacteria, such as Clostridium populeti and Eubacterium cellulosolvens were found in the rumen of domestic Sika Deer. The rumen of domestic Sika Deer harbored unique bacteria which may represent novel species. The bacterial composition appeared to be affected by diet, and sequences related to Prevotella spp. may represent new species that may be related to the degradation of fiber biomass or tannins. Moreover, the mechanism and biological functions of Prevotella spp. in the rumen ecosystem, and synergistic interactions with other microorganisms should be noticed.