The Experts below are selected from a list of 25047 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
MarÍa Victoria Selma - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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impact of organic Soil Amendments on phytochemicals and microbial quality of rocket leaves eruca sativa
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2010Co-Authors: MarÍa Victoria Selma, Ascension Martinezsanchez, Ana Allende, M T HernandezAbstract:The effect of Soil Amendments prepared from organic wastes (sewage sludge and urban solid waste) at two concentrations (45 t ha−1 as D1 and 135 t ha−1 as D2) was evaluated on phytochemicals and microbial quality of rocket, a highly valuable vegetable. The addition of sewage sludge to the Soil increased rocket yield 5.5 times compared to control and urban solid waste. Organic Amendments increased the water content and the maturity stage of the leaves, which contributed to a reduction in the content of total and individual glucosinolates as well as flavonols and anthocyanins. However, higher content of vitamin C was observed after cultivation with sewage sludge at D2 compared to control leaves (204.6 and 177.4 mg 100 g−1 of fw, respectively). This study shows that sewage sludge at optimum doses can be considered a suitable amendment because of increased crop yield without detrimental effects on phytochemicals, including vitamin C content, when the leaves reached the commercial maturity stage.
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potential microbial risk factors related to Soil Amendments and irrigation water of potato crops
Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2007Co-Authors: Patricia Elizaquivel, Francisco Lopezgalvez, Ana Allende, Rosa Aznar, MarÍa Victoria SelmaAbstract:Aims: This study assesses the potential microbial risk factors related to the use of Soil Amendments and irrigation water on potato crops, cultivated in one traditional and two intensive farms during two harvest seasons. Methods and Results: The natural microbiota and potentially pathogenic micro-organisms were evaluated in the Soil amendment, irrigation water, Soil and produce. Uncomposted Amendments and residual and creek water samples showed the highest microbial counts. The microbial load of potatoes harvested in spring was similar among the tested farms despite the diverse microbial levels of Listeria spp. and faecal coliforms in the potential risk sources. However, differences in total coliform load of potato were found between farms cultivated in the autumn. Immunochromatographic rapid tests and the BAM’s reference method (Bacteriological Analytical Manual; AOAC International) were used to detect Escherichia coli O157:H7 from the potential risk sources and produce. Confirmation of the positive results by polymerase chain reaction procedures showed that the immunochromatographic assay was not reliable as it led to false-positive results. Conclusions: The potentially pathogenic micro-organisms of Soil amendment, irrigation water and Soil samples changed with the harvest seasons and the use of different agricultural practices. However, the microbial load of the produce was not always influenced by these risk sources. Improvements in environmental sample preparation are needed to avoid interferences in the use of immunochromatographic rapid tests. Significance and Impact of the Study: The potential microbial risk sources of fresh produce should be regularly controlled using reliable detection methods to guarantee their microbial safety.
Paavo Perämäki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of Soil Amendments on antimony uptake by wheat
Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2014Co-Authors: Irina Shtangeeva, Matti Niemelä, Paavo PerämäkiAbstract:Purpose Environmental chemistry of antimony (Sb) is still largely unknown. Many questions remain about its availability to plants and effects of fertilizers on mobility of Sb in the rhizosphere Soil. In this work, we focused on the following problems: (1) uptake of Sb by wheat seedlings grown in Soil enriched with this metalloid and (2) impact of Soil Amendments on the plant growth, Sb uptake from Soil, and its transfer from roots to upper plant parts. Materials and methods To obtain further information on the possible transfer of Sb into plants, greenhouse pot experiments were carried out. Soil was spiked with 15 mg kg^−1 of Sb and amended with either chicken manure or natural growth stimulator Energen. Wheat Triticum aestivum L. seedlings were grown in the Soil during 17 days. Plants together with rhizosphere Soil were collected several times in the course of the experiment. The ICP-OES and ICP-MS techniques were applied to determine the concentrations of macro- and trace elements in the plant and Soil material. Results and discussion Growth of wheat seedlings in Sb-spiked Soil resulted in Sb accumulation in roots and leaves of the plants. Energen and especially chicken manure were capable of stimulating transfer of Sb to more mobile and, as a consequence, more available to the plants form, thus enhancing both uptake of Sb from Soil and its transfer from roots to upper plant parts. The accumulation of Sb by plants led to a decrease of Sb concentration in the rhizosphere Soil with time, and the most significant decrease was observed after amendment of Soil with fertilizers. Conclusions Fertilizers may be used to increase phytoextraction of Sb and its removal from contaminated Soils. However, such an amendment of Soil should be done with caution in order to exclude or at least reduce the negative effects on plants.
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Effects of Soil Amendments on antimony uptake by wheat
Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2013Co-Authors: Irina Shtangeeva, Matti Niemelä, Paavo PerämäkiAbstract:Purpose Environmental chemistry of antimony (Sb) is still largely unknown. Many questions remain about its availability to plants and effects of fertilizers on mobility of Sb in the rhizosphere Soil. In this work, we focused on the following problems: (1) uptake of Sb by wheat seedlings grown in Soil enriched with this metalloid and (2) impact of Soil Amendments on the plant growth, Sb uptake from Soil, and its transfer from roots to upper plant parts.
Christopher W Simmons - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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assessment of tomato and wine processing solid wastes as Soil Amendments for biosolarization
Waste Management, 2016Co-Authors: Yigal Achmon, Duff R Harrold, Joshua T Claypool, James J Stapleton, Jean S Vandergheynst, Christopher W SimmonsAbstract:Pomaces from tomato paste and wine production are the most abundant fruit processing residues in California. These residues were examined as Soil Amendments for solarization to promote conditions conducive to Soil disinfestation (biosolarization). Simulated biosolarization studies were performed in both aerobic and anaerobic Soil environments and Soil temperature elevation, pH, and evolution of CO2, H2 and CH4 gases were measured as metrics of Soil microbial activity. Tomato pomace amendment induced conditions associated with Soil pest inactivation, including elevation of Soil temperature by up to 2°C for a duration of 4days under aerobic conditions and a reduction of Soil pH from 6.5 to 4.68 under anaerobic conditions. White wine grape pomace amendment showed similar trends but to a lesser extent. Red wine grape pomace was generally less suitable for biosolarization due to significantly lower Soil temperature elevations, reduced acidification relative to the other pomaces and induction of methanogenesis in the Soil.
Y Oka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mechanisms of nematode suppression by organic Soil Amendments a review
Applied Soil Ecology, 2010Co-Authors: Y OkaAbstract:Abstract Application of organic Soil Amendments is a traditional control method for plant–parasitic nematodes and it is considered a part of nematode-management programs. A variety of organic Amendments, such as animal and green manures, compost, nematicidal plants and proteinous wastes, are used for this purpose, but nematode control efficacy is not always satisfactory. Elucidation of nematode-control mechanisms in amended Soil may lead to improved efficacy or the development of more effective control techniques, although the effects of organic Amendments on nematodes, microbial communities, plants and Soil environments are very complex. Possible mechanisms involved in nematode suppression are: (1) release of pre-existing nematicidal compounds in Soil Amendments, (2) generation of nematicidal compounds, such as ammonia and fatty acids, during degradation, (3) enhancement and/or introduction of antagonistic microorganisms, (4) increase in plant tolerance and resistance, and (5) changes in Soil physiology that are unsuitable for nematode behavior. Combinations of these mechanisms, rather than a single one, appear to produce nematode suppression in amended Soils.
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Mechanisms of nematode suppression by organic Soil Amendments—A review
Applied Soil Ecology, 2010Co-Authors: Y OkaAbstract:Abstract Application of organic Soil Amendments is a traditional control method for plant–parasitic nematodes and it is considered a part of nematode-management programs. A variety of organic Amendments, such as animal and green manures, compost, nematicidal plants and proteinous wastes, are used for this purpose, but nematode control efficacy is not always satisfactory. Elucidation of nematode-control mechanisms in amended Soil may lead to improved efficacy or the development of more effective control techniques, although the effects of organic Amendments on nematodes, microbial communities, plants and Soil environments are very complex. Possible mechanisms involved in nematode suppression are: (1) release of pre-existing nematicidal compounds in Soil Amendments, (2) generation of nematicidal compounds, such as ammonia and fatty acids, during degradation, (3) enhancement and/or introduction of antagonistic microorganisms, (4) increase in plant tolerance and resistance, and (5) changes in Soil physiology that are unsuitable for nematode behavior. Combinations of these mechanisms, rather than a single one, appear to produce nematode suppression in amended Soils.
Irina Shtangeeva - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of Soil Amendments on antimony uptake by wheat
Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2014Co-Authors: Irina Shtangeeva, Matti Niemelä, Paavo PerämäkiAbstract:Purpose Environmental chemistry of antimony (Sb) is still largely unknown. Many questions remain about its availability to plants and effects of fertilizers on mobility of Sb in the rhizosphere Soil. In this work, we focused on the following problems: (1) uptake of Sb by wheat seedlings grown in Soil enriched with this metalloid and (2) impact of Soil Amendments on the plant growth, Sb uptake from Soil, and its transfer from roots to upper plant parts. Materials and methods To obtain further information on the possible transfer of Sb into plants, greenhouse pot experiments were carried out. Soil was spiked with 15 mg kg^−1 of Sb and amended with either chicken manure or natural growth stimulator Energen. Wheat Triticum aestivum L. seedlings were grown in the Soil during 17 days. Plants together with rhizosphere Soil were collected several times in the course of the experiment. The ICP-OES and ICP-MS techniques were applied to determine the concentrations of macro- and trace elements in the plant and Soil material. Results and discussion Growth of wheat seedlings in Sb-spiked Soil resulted in Sb accumulation in roots and leaves of the plants. Energen and especially chicken manure were capable of stimulating transfer of Sb to more mobile and, as a consequence, more available to the plants form, thus enhancing both uptake of Sb from Soil and its transfer from roots to upper plant parts. The accumulation of Sb by plants led to a decrease of Sb concentration in the rhizosphere Soil with time, and the most significant decrease was observed after amendment of Soil with fertilizers. Conclusions Fertilizers may be used to increase phytoextraction of Sb and its removal from contaminated Soils. However, such an amendment of Soil should be done with caution in order to exclude or at least reduce the negative effects on plants.
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Effects of Soil Amendments on antimony uptake by wheat
Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2013Co-Authors: Irina Shtangeeva, Matti Niemelä, Paavo PerämäkiAbstract:Purpose Environmental chemistry of antimony (Sb) is still largely unknown. Many questions remain about its availability to plants and effects of fertilizers on mobility of Sb in the rhizosphere Soil. In this work, we focused on the following problems: (1) uptake of Sb by wheat seedlings grown in Soil enriched with this metalloid and (2) impact of Soil Amendments on the plant growth, Sb uptake from Soil, and its transfer from roots to upper plant parts.
