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Jaime Prohens - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • moderate and severe water stress effects on morphological and biochemical traits in a set of pepino Solanum Muricatum cultivars
    Scientia Horticulturae, 2021
    Co-Authors: Juan Pacheco, Jaime Prohens, Salvador Soler, Mariola Plazas, Ilaria Pettinari, Anbu Landafaz, Sara Gonzalezorenga, Monica Boscaiu, Oscar Vicente, Pietro Gramazio
    Abstract:

    Abstract The pepino (Solanum Muricatum) is a neglected crop from the Andean region with potential for expansion to many areas of the world. However, there is a lack of studies in pepino related to its response to water stress. In this study, we have subjected plantlets of seven pepino cultivars (Mur1-Mur7) to three treatments consisting of a fully irrigated control (C), a moderate water stress (WS-M), and a severe water stress (WS-S). Thirty-one traits related to growth, photosynthetic pigments, mono and divalent ions, osmolytes and antioxidants were measured. Significant differences were found among cultivars for most traits. The WS-M treatment did not affect most growth and biochemical parameters, while large differences with respect to the control were observed with the WS-S treatment. In general, the WS-S treatment induced an inhibition of the growth parameters, mainly the reduction of the fresh weight of leaves, stems and roots, as well as their water content. A principal component analysis (PCA) performed on the relative values of growth traits, together with the ANOVA for the traits for which significant interaction cultivar × treatment was detected, showed that cultivars Mur2 and Mur4 are the most tolerant to water stress. Although no clear-cut differences were observed among cultivars, the water-stressed plants of Mur2 and Mur4 displayed less variation with respect to the control than the other cultivars for the physiological and biochemical traits measured. Overall, photosynthetic pigments, malondialdehyde and total flavonoids decreased under severe water stress, while proline, Na+ and K+ contents increased significantly. The results obtained provide relevant information on the response to drought of pepino and have allowed identifying two cultivars better adapted to water stress that could be useful in breeding pepino for drought tolerance.

  • fruit composition diversity in land races and modern pepino Solanum Muricatum varieties and wild related species
    Food Chemistry, 2016
    Co-Authors: Franscisco J Herraiz, Santiago Vilanova, Mariola Plazas, Pietro Gramazio, Adrian Rodriguezburruezo, Maria D Raigon, Maria D Garciamartinez, Jaime Prohens
    Abstract:

    Pepino (Solanum Muricatum) fruits from 15 accessions of cultivated pepino as well as six accessions from wild relatives were evaluated for contents in dry matter, protein, β-carotene, chlorophylls and seven minerals. Several-fold differences among accessions were found for most traits. Average values obtained were similar to those of melon and cucumber, but the phenolic contents were much higher. Wild species had significantly higher average contents for all traits vs. the cultivated pepino accessions. And, the comparisons among the cultivated pepino varieties showed that the modern varieties were more uniform in composition, and they possessed significantly lower concentrations of protein, P, K, and Zn than local land races. Most of the significant correlations among composition traits were positive. Our studies show that regular consumption of pepino fruits could make a significant contribution to the recommended daily intake of P, K, Fe and Cu as well as to the average daily intake of phenolics. Furthermore, the higher values for most nutrients measured in the wild species and in the local land races indicate that new pepino varieties with improved fruit contents in nutrient and bioactive compounds can be developed.

  • the first de novo transcriptome of pepino Solanum Muricatum assembly comprehensive analysis and comparison with the closely related species s caripense potato and tomato
    BMC Genomics, 2016
    Co-Authors: Francisco Javier Herraiz, Gregory J. Anderson, Jaime Prohens, Mariola Plazas, Pietro Gramazio, Jose Blanca, Pello Ziarsolo, Santiago Vilanova
    Abstract:

    Solanum sect. Basarthrum is phylogenetically very close to potatoes (Solanum sect. Petota) and tomatoes (Solanum sect. Lycopersicon), two groups with great economic importance, and for which Solanum sect. Basarthrum represents a tertiary gene pool for breeding. This section includes the important regional cultigen, the pepino (Solanum Muricatum), and several wild species. Among the wild species, S. caripense is prominent due to its major involvement in the origin of pepino and its wide geographical distribution. Despite the value of the pepino as an emerging crop, and the potential for gene transfer from both the pepino and S. caripense to potatoes and tomatoes, there has been virtually no genomic study of these species. Using Illumina HiSeq 2000, RNA-Seq was performed with a pool of three tissues (young leaf, flowers in pre-anthesis and mature fruits) from S. Muricatum and S. caripense, generating almost 111,000,000 reads among the two species. A high quality de novo transcriptome was assembled from S. Muricatum clean reads resulting in 75,832 unigenes with an average length of 704 bp. These unigenes were functionally annotated based on similarity of public databases. We used Blast2GO, to conduct an exhaustive study of the gene ontology, including GO terms, EC numbers and KEGG pathways. Pepino unigenes were compared to both potato and tomato genomes in order to determine their estimated relative position, and to infer gene prediction models. Candidate genes related to traits of interest in other Solanaceae were evaluated by presence or absence and compared with S. caripense transcripts. In addition, by studying five genes, the phylogeny of pepino and five other members of the family, Solanaceae, were studied. The comparison of S. caripense reads against S. Muricatum assembled transcripts resulted in thousands of intra- and interspecific nucleotide-level variants. In addition, more than 1000 SSRs were identified in the pepino transcriptome. This study represents the first genomic resource for the pepino. We suggest that the data will be useful not only for improvement of the pepino, but also for potato and tomato breeding and gene transfer. The high quality of the transcriptome presented here also facilitates comparative studies in the genus Solanum. The accurate transcript annotation will enable us to figure out the gene function of particular traits of interest. The high number of markers (SSR and nucleotide-level variants) obtained will be useful for breeding programs, as well as studies of synteny, diversity evolution, and phylogeny.

  • rapid biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using pepino Solanum Muricatum leaf extract and their cytotoxicity on hela cells
    Materials, 2016
    Co-Authors: Monica Gorbe, Jaime Prohens, Francisco Javier Herraiz, Ravishankar Bhat, Elena Aznar, Felix Sancenon, M D Marcos, A Venkataraman, Ramon Martinezmanez
    Abstract:

    Within nanotechnology, gold and silver nanostructures have unique physical, chemical, and electronic properties [1,2], which make them suitable for a number of applications. Moreover, biosynthetic methods are considered to be a safer alternative to conventional physicochemical procedures for both the environmental and biomedical applications, due to their eco-friendly nature and the avoidance of toxic chemicals in the synthesis. For this reason, employing bio routes in the synthesis of functionalized silver nanoparticles (FAgNP) have gained importance recently in this field. In the present study, we report the rapid synthesis of FAgNP through the extract of pepino (Solanum Muricatum) leaves and employing microwave oven irradiation. The core-shell globular morphology and characterization of the different shaped and sized FAgNP, with a core of 20–50 nm of diameter is established using the UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Zeta potential and dynamic light scanning (DLS) studies. Moreover, cytotoxic studies employing HeLa (human cervix carcinoma) cells were undertaken to understand FAgNP interactions with cells. HeLa cells showed significant dose dependent antiproliferative activity in the presence of FAgNP at relatively low concentrations. The calculated IC50 value was 37.5 µg/mL, similar to others obtained for FAgNPs against HeLa cells.

  • phenolic profile and biological activities of the pepino Solanum Muricatum fruit and its wild relative s caripense
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2016
    Co-Authors: Francisco Javier Herraiz, Jaime Prohens, Santiago Vilanova, Mariola Plazas, Debora Villano, Federico Ferreres, Diego A Moreno
    Abstract:

    The pepino (Solanum Muricatum) is an edible and juicy fruit native to the Andean region which is becoming increasingly important. However, little information is available on its phenolic composition and bioactive properties. Four pepino varieties (37-A, El Camino, Puzol, and Valencia) and one accession (E-7) of its close wild relative S. caripense were characterized by HPLC-DAD-MSn/ESI. Twenty-four hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives were detected (5 to 16 compounds per variety or accession), with differences of more than two-fold for their total content among the materials studied. The major phenolics in the pepino varieties were chlorogenic acids and derivatives, while in S. caripense a caffeoyl-synapoyl-quinic acid was the major compound. The in vitro antioxidant capacity (DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate), ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity), and TRC (total reducing capacity) tests) was higher in S. caripense. Pepino and S. caripense extracts were not toxic for RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, and the raw extracts inhibited NO production of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages by 36% (El Camino) to 67% (37-A). No single variety ranked high simultaneously for hydroxycinnamic acids content, antioxidant activity and biological activity. We suggest the screening of large collections of germplasm or the use of complementary crosses between Puzol (high for hydroxycinnamic acids and biological activity) and S. caripense E-7 (high for antioxidant activity) to select and breed pepino varieties with enhanced properties.

Fernando Nuez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • AFLP and DNA sequence variation in an Andean domesticate, pepino (Solanum Muricatum, Solanaceae): Implications for evolution and domestication
    American Journal of Botany, 2007
    Co-Authors: José Miguel Blanca, J. Cañizares, Elena Zuriaga, Gregory J. Anderson, Jaime Prohens, Fernando Nuez
    Abstract:

    The pepino (Solanum Muricatum) is a vegetatively propagated, domesticated native of the Andes, where it grows with wild relatives. We used AFLPs and a 1-kb sequence of the 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase gene to study variation of 27 accessions of S. Muricatum and 35 collections of 10 species of wild relatives (Solanum section Basarthrum). A total of 298 AFLP fragments and 29 DNA sequence haplotypes were detected. Cluster and principal coordinate analyses and other genetic parameters estimated from both types of markers, show that S. Muricatum is closely related to the species from one of the series (Caripensia) of section Basarthrum and that >90% of the variation of the cultigen is also represented in that series. Pepino is highly diverse, either because it is not monophyletic or it has been subjected to regular introgression with wild species, or both. Although a continuous distribution of the genetic variation occurred within the cultivated species, three genetic clusters were recognized. Cluster 1 is mostly centered in Ecuador, cluster 2 in Ecuador and Peru, and cluster 3 in Colombia and Ecuador. Cluster 3 also includes all modern cultivars studied. These results and other evidence suggest that northern Ecuador/southern Colombia is the main center of pepino diversity and the center of origin. The high genetic variation of this cultigen indicates that domestication does not always produce a genetic bottleneck.

  • utilization of genetic resources for the introduction and adaptation of exotic vegetable crops the case of pepino Solanum Muricatum
    Euphytica, 2005
    Co-Authors: Jaime Prohens, Adrian Rodriguezburruezo, Fernando Nuez
    Abstract:

    Pepino (Solanum Muricatum), a vegetatively propagated plant from the Andean region used for its edible fruits, has been identified as a potential crop for greenhouse cultivation in Mediterranean regions. However, attempts for introducing it have been unsuccessful, either because of the low yield, poor fruit quality, or both. Screening of germplasm under Mediterranean conditions showed that sources of variation for high yield existed in the cultivated genepool and that wild species S. caripense and S. tabanoense could contribute to a considerable improvement of soluble solids content (SSC) of pepino. Progenies obtained after crossing genetically distant (AFLP-based) parental clones were heterotic for yield, and allowed the selection of clones with an improved combination of yield and SSC. As a result of this intraspecific programme, two new improved cultivars (‘Turia’ and ‘Valencia’), which outperform the rest of cultivars available, have been selected for cultivation in Mediterranean conditions. The interspecific programme involved the selection of clones with high yield and SSC in backcross generations. The results show that introgression of genes from the wild species can contribute to improve the SSC of pepino. The backcross programme is in an advanced stage and new cultivars derived from the interspecific crosses are expected to be released in a near future. New prospects for the future in pepino breeding include the genetic transformation, the establishment of a genetic map, and the use of the genomic information from related Solanaceae important crops. All the information obtained is illustrative for the breeding for adaptation of vegetatively propagated crops.

  • morphological and physico chemical characteristics of fruits of pepino Solanum Muricatum wild relatives s caripense and s tabanoense and interspecific hybrids implications in pepino breeding
    2005
    Co-Authors: Jaime Prohens, Adrian Rodriguezburruezo, Montana Camara, Esperanza Torija, Fernando Nuez
    Abstract:

    Summary Wild species could be useful for the genetic improvement of pepino (Solanum Muricatum Aiton) fruit quality. We studied several agronomic and physico-chemical traits in accessions of S. Muricatum (EC-37), wild relatives Solanum caripense (EC-40) and Solanum tabanoense (EC-26), and their corresponding interspecific hybrids. Interspecific hybrids involving EC-37 had yield and fruit weight intermediate between the cultivated and the wild parents, while yield and mean fruit weight of EC-37×EC-26 were greater than those of EC-40×EC-37. Dry matter content (DM) was higher in the wild accessions (>13 %) than in the cultivated pepino ( 60 %) in the rest of the tested species and hybrids. Concentration of organic acids was much higher in EC-26 and EC-40 (total acids ≥2500 mg 100 g –1 and pH 75 % of total acids). Ascorbic acid content of S. caripense and some interspecific hybrids was more than three times greater than that of S. Muricatum. The results indicate that the studied wild species can be utilized to modify and improve the composition of pepino, especially by increasing acidity and ascorbic acid content.

  • valencia a new pepino Solanum Muricatum cultivar with improved fruit quality
    Hortscience, 2004
    Co-Authors: Adrian Rodriguezburruezo, Jaime Prohens, Fernando Nuez
    Abstract:

    Pepino (Solanum Muricatum Aiton), also known as melon-pear, is a vegetatively propagated vegetable crop grown for its juicy and aromatic fruit. Great variation in fruit weight, shape, and color can be found among cultivars of pepino (Anderson et al., 1996; Heiser, 1985). Despite being an important crop in Pre-Columbian times in the Andean region, it has not achieved the same relevance as other New World cultivated Solanaceae such as tomato, pepper or potato (Prohens et al., 1996). However, during the last two decades, its cultivation has spread to many countries as a crop for diversifying greenhouse horticultural production. Two types of pepino cultivars can be distinguished: sweet fruit with at least 8% soluble solids concentration (SSC) and a fruity intense aroma appropiate for use as a dessert fruit for which fruit sweetness is a key factor (El-Zeftawi et al., 1988); cultivars producing less sweet but more fi rm-fl eshed fruit with a grassy (green) aroma suitable for use in salads in the same way as cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). In several areas of the Mediterranean region, pepino (in particular sweet cultivars) is being introduced as a new crop (Prohens et al., 2000). The main limitation to pepino production is the availability of sweet pepino cultivars with combined high yield and good fruit quality. Clones producing fruit with high SSC (8% to 10%) suited for use as a dessert fruit, usually have a low yield ( 40 t·ha) have an unacceptably SSC (<7%) (Rodriguez-Burruezo et al., 2002). A research group of the Centro de Conservacion y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana (COMAV) of the Universidad Politecnica de Valencia has conducted a pepino breeding program since the early 1990s. The clonal hybrid cultivar Valencia is a result of this program. ‘Valencia’ has a higher fruit yield and better fruit quality than other current sweet pepino cultivars, and is adapted to a wide range of environmental conditions. either parental clone (Table 1) and, occasionally, close to the high yielding ‘Puzol’. Fruit of ‘Valencia’ ripen earlier than other pepino cultivars. The time elapsed between transplanting and fi rst harvest ranges between 23 and 25 weeks in the autumn-winter growing season. ‘Valencia’ fruit weigh between 125 and 250 g (Table 1), adequate for dessert fruit. Fruit shape is elongated (Fig. 2), with a length/width ratio of 2.0 to 2.2 (1.3 for Sm-26 and 3.0 for ‘Sweet Long’). Both attributes (medium size and elongated shape) favor fruit packing and optimize box space. Fruit are attractive, with a golden color and narrow purple stripes covering less than 10% of fruit surface. The fl esh also exhibits an intense yellow color (Fig. 2). The fl avor of ‘Valencia’ is appropriate for a dessert fruit. SSC levels of ‘Valencia’ fruit range from 8.6 to 10.0%, values that are higher and statistically signifi cant in most cases than those of Sm-26 and ‘Sweet Long’. Furthermore, ascorbic acid concentration (AAC) levels are high, (between 400 and 600 mg·kg) (Table 1). Titratable acidity (TA, mmol·kg citric acid) values are comparable to the usual values for this species and always signifi cantly lower than Sm-26 (Nuez and Ruiz, 1996). Most trials were conducted under autumnwinter growing season conditions (Prohens et al., 2000), since this is the best growing season for good fruit quality and yield (RodriguezOrigin

  • analysis of the volatile aroma constituents of parental and hybrid clones of pepino Solanum Muricatum
    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2004
    Co-Authors: Adrian Rodriguezburruezo, Jaime Prohens, Hubert Kollmannsberger, Siegfried Nitz, Fernando Nuez
    Abstract:

    The volatile constituents of 10 clones (4 parents with different flavors and 6 hybrids from selected crossings among these parents) of pepino fruit (Solanum Muricatum) were isolated by simultaneous distillation-extraction and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Odor-contributing volatiles (OCVs) were detected by GC-olfactometry-MS analyses and included 24 esters (acetates, 3-methylbutanoates, and 3-methylbut-2-enoates), 7 aldehydes (especially hexenals and nonenals), 6 ketones, 9 alcohols, 3 lactones, 2 terpenes, beta-damascenone, and mesifurane. Among these compounds, 17, of which 5 had not been reported previously in pepino, were found to contribute significantly to pepino aroma. OCVs can be assigned to three groups according to their odor quality: fruity fresh (acetates and prenol), green vegetable (C6 and C9 aldehydes), and exotic (lactones, mesifuran, and beta-damascenone). Quantitative and qualitative differences between clones for these compounds are clearly related to differences in their overall flavor impression. The positive value found for the hybrid-midparent regression coefficient for volatile composition indicates that an important fraction of the variation observed is inheritable, which has important implications in breeding for improving aroma. Significant and positive correlations were found between OCVs having common precursors or related pathways.

Hongqing Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • genetic variation in potato virus m isolates infecting pepino Solanum Muricatum in china
    Archives of Virology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Zhixiang Zhang, Hongqing Wang
    Abstract:

    Potato virus M (PVM, genus Carlavirus, family Betaflexviridae) is considered to be one of most economically important pathogens of pepino in China. However, the details and the mechanisms underlying PVM evolution are unknown. In this study, we determined and analyzed 40 TGB 1 gene sequences, 67 TGB 2 and TGB 3 gene sequences, and 88 CP and NABP gene sequences from viruses isolated from 19 samples of pepino (Solanum Muricatum) and one sample of tomato (S. lycopersicum) collected from different areas of China. Recombination analysis identified only one clear recombinant in the TGB2-TGB3-CP region, but no recombinants were detected for each of the five individual genes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all PVM isolates could be divided into at least two lineages in trees derived from the TGB 2, CP, and NABP gene sequences, and the lineages seemed to reflect geographical origin. The five PVM genes in this study were found to be under strong negative selection pressure. The PVM isolates examined showed frequent gene flow between the Chinese and European populations, and also within the Chinese population. Clear star phylogenies and the neutral equilibrium model test showed that pepino isolates of PVM appear to be experiencing a new expansion after a recent introduction into China, and these isolates display low levels of genetic diversity. To our knowledge, this study is the first report describing genetic structure, recombination, and gene flow in PVM populations, and it provides strong evolutionary evidence for the virus populations from different geographic regions of China.

  • first report of tomato mosaic virus infecting pepino in china
    Plant Disease, 2012
    Co-Authors: B B Ge, Hongqing Wang
    Abstract:

    Pepino (Solanum Muricatum L.) is a vegetatively propagated plant that is native to South America and is commercially grown in many countries (4) including China for its juicy and fragrant fruits. An unusual disease of pepino characterized by a yield reduction of fruits and mosaic, puckering, and distortion of leaves was observed in surveys conducted during 2010 to 2011 in pepino growing regions of Gansu, Jilin, and Yunnan provinces. These symptoms were similar to a disease caused by the Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) first reported in Spain in 1998 (3). The sap from infected pepino was mechanically inoculated to 12 plants each of Chenopodium quinoa, Lycopersicon esculentum, and Gomphrena globosa, and the resulting symptoms were similar to those incited by ToMV (1). Symptoms included yellowish local lesions on inoculated leaves of C. quinoa and systemic mosaic in L. esculentum. Necrotic or semi-necrotic local lesions developed on inoculated leaves of G. globosa followed by systemic mosaic 7 dpi. Symptomatic pe...

Carmina Jorda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • first report of the us1 strain of pepino mosaic virus in tomato in the canary islands spain
    Plant Disease, 2008
    Co-Authors: A Alfarofernandez, C Cordobaselles, J A Herreravasquez, M. C. Cebrián, Carmina Jorda
    Abstract:

    Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV), a member of the genus Potexvirus, was first described in 1974 on pepino (Solanum Muricatum Ait.) in Peru. In 1999, PepMV was reported to be affecting tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) (3), and currently, the virus is distributed throughout many parts of the world causing economic losses in tomato crops. This virus induces not only a high variability of symptoms on infected plants, including distortion, chlorosis, mosaic, blistering, and filiformity on leaves and marbling on fruits, but also exhibits substantial genetic diversity. Five strains or genotypes of PepMV have been described, including European tomato (EU), Peruvian (PE), Chilean 2 (CH2), and two American strains, US1 (including CH1) and US2. No correlation has been found between different genotypes and symptom expression of PepMV infection. Studies have demonstrated that field populations of PepMV in Europe belong to EU and US2 or CH2 strains. Mixed infections between these strains and interstrain recombinant isolates...

  • genetic structure of the population of pepino mosaic virus infecting tomato crops in spain
    Phytopathology, 2006
    Co-Authors: Israel Pagán, Ll Martinezpriego, Carmina Jorda, M C Cordobaselles, Jose M Malpica, Aurora Fraile, Fernando Garciaarenal
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT The population structure of Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV), which has caused severe epidemics in tomato in Spain since 2000, was analyzed. Isolates were characterized by the nucleotide sequence of the triple gene block and coat protein gene and, for a subset of isolates, a part of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene. The full-length sequence of the genomic RNA of a Solanum Muricatum isolate from Peru also was determined. In spite of high symptom diversity, the Spanish population of PepMV mostly comprised highly similar isolates belonging to the strain reported in Europe (European tomato strain), which has been the most prevalent genotype in Spain. The Spanish PepMV population was not structured spatially or temporally. Also, isolates highly similar to those from nontomato hosts from Peru (Peruvian strain) or to isolate US2 from the United States (US2 strain) were detected at lower frequency relative to the European strain. These two strains were detected in peninsular Spain only in 2004, but the P...

  • first report of pepino mosaic virus on natural hosts
    Plant Disease, 2001
    Co-Authors: Carmina Jorda, Lazaro A Perez, P Martinez V Culebras, Alfredo Lacasa
    Abstract:

    Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) is a potexvirus recently identified as the causal agent of a new disease occurring in protected tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) crops in the Netherlands (2). PepMV has been subsequently identified in England, Germany, Italy, Morocco, Portugal, and Spain. The new disease has become a serious problem for tomato production in Europe. Most infected tomato plants expressed leaf distortion, chlorosis, and yellow mosaic. Other plants expressed mosaic and bubbling of the leaf surface. Tomato fruits showing severe discoloration and mosaic were observed in protected tomato crops. Symptoms attenuated in tomato plants as the ambient temperature increased. At present, only Solanum Muricatum Ait. (Peruvian pepino) and L. esculentum are affected by PepMV.To determine possible reservoir hosts for this virus, 70 samples from Amaranthus sp., A. viridis (L.) Britton et al., Chenopodium murale L., Convolvulus arvensis L., Malva parviflora L., Nicotiana glauca Grah., Polypogon monspeliensis ...

R A C Jones - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • biological and molecular properties of wild potato mosaic virus isolates from pepino Solanum Muricatum
    Plant Disease, 2019
    Co-Authors: C E Fribourg, Adrian Gibbs, Ian P Adams, N Boonham, R A C Jones
    Abstract:

    In 1976, a virus with flexuous, filamentous virions typical of the family Potyviridae was isolated from symptomatic pepino (Solanum Muricatum) plants growing in two valleys in Peru's coastal desert region. In 2014, a virus with similar-shaped virions was isolated from asymptomatic fruits obtained from pepino plants growing in six coastal valleys and a valley in Peru's Andean highlands. Both were identified subsequently as Wild potato mosaic virus (WPMV) by serology or high-throughput sequencing (HTS). The symptoms caused by two old and seven new isolates from pepino were examined in indicator plants. Infected solanaceous hosts varied considerably in their sensitivities to infection and individual isolates varied greatly in virulence. All seven new isolates caused quick death of infected Nicotiana benthamiana plants and more than half of them killed infected plants of Physalis floridana and S. chancayense. These three species were the most sensitive to infection. The most virulent isolate was found to be BA because it killed five of eight solanaceous host species whereas CA was the least severe because it only killed N. benthamiana. Using HTS, complete genomic sequences of six isolates were obtained, with one isolate (FE) showing evidence of recombination. The distances between individual WPMV isolates in phylogenetic trees and the geographical distances between their collection sites were found to be unrelated. The individual WPMV isolates displayed nucleotide sequence identities of 80.9-99.8%, whereas the most closely related virus, Potato virus V (PVV), was around 75% identical to WPMV. WPMV, PVV, and Peru tomato virus formed clusters of similar phylogenetic diversity, and were found to be distinct but related viruses within the overall Potato virus Y lineage. WPMV infection seems widespread and of likely economic significance to pepino producers in Peru's coastal valleys. Because it constitutes the fifth virus found infecting pepino and this crop is entirely vegetatively propagated, development of healthy pepino stock programs is advocated.