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H.s. Salama - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Rearing the Cotton Leafworm Spodoptera littoralis Boisd. on a Semiartificial Diet
Journal of Applied Entomology, 2009Co-Authors: A. Khalifa, H.s. Salama, A. F. El-sharabyAbstract:The cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis can be successfully reared on a semiartificial diet composed of dry beans, yeast, agar, ascorbic acid and mould inhibitors. The addition of a vitamin mixture to this diet significantly increased the fertility and egg potential of the moths. Lack of ascorbic acid or reduction in the amount of yeast in the diet constituents inhibited the larval development. Zusammenfassung Zucht der Baumwollblatteule, Spodoptera littoralis Boisd., mit halbkunstlicher Diat Sp. littoralis kann mit einer halbkunstlichen Diat aus Trockenbohnen, Hefe, Agar, Ascor-binsaure und Schimmel-Hemmungsmitteln aufgezogen werden. Die Zugabe einer Vita-minmischung fuhrt zu signifikanter Zunahme der Fruchtbarkeit des Falters. Mangel an Ascorbinsaure oder Verminderung der Hefe-Menge hemmen die Raupenentwicklung.
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Biology of Spodoptera littoralis Bois. as affected by Larval Density (Lep., Noctuidae)
Journal of Applied Entomology, 2009Co-Authors: H.s. Salama, S. A. SalemAbstract:The biology of the cotton leaf worm Spodoptera littoralis is affected by the level of larval population density. Crowding shortened the larval duration and caused a reduction in the survived larvae. The pupal duration was not consistently affected. The weight of the pupae and the percentage of emergence increased gradually as the larval population density decreased. Deformities in the emerged moths was higher at high larval densities, but the longevity was prolonged. The egg production per female decreased when the larvae were reared under crowded conditions. Zusammenfassung Uber die Einwirkung der Raupen-Dichte auf die Biologie von Spodoptera littoralis Bois. (Lep., Noctuidae) Hohe Dichte verkurzte die Entwicklungsdauer der Spodoptera-Raupen und erhohte ihre Mortalitat. Mit abnehmender Dichte stiegen Puppengewicht und Schlupfprozent; mit zunehmender Dichte stieg die Deformationshaufigkeit und sank die Eiproduktion der Falter. Jedoch war die Lebensdauer der Falter bei hoher Dichte verlangert.
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Sex pheromones for mass trapping of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) in Egypt
Journal of Applied Entomology, 2009Co-Authors: S. Salem, H.s. SalamaAbstract:Pheromone traps can be relied upon as a simple and practical method for estimation of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) population on its hosts over an annual cycle. This population and new sources of infestation can be detected at a very early stage. This may allow the use of insecticides only when needed and a reduction in their use can be achieved by using monitoring information to mediate the spray schedule. Results obtained showed that various formulations of the pheromones and the design of the trap were very effective in catching the males of S. littoralis. The number of annual generations of this pest were estimated to be six. Zusammenfassung Massenfang von Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) mit Pheromonfallen in Agypten Pheromonfallen bilden eine einfache und praktikable Methode zur Einschatzung der S. littoralis-Population im Verlauf eines Jahres. Die Population sowie auch neue Befallsquellen konnen auf diese Weise in einem fruhen Stadium erkannt werden. Dadurch ist es moglich, Insektizide nur noch im Notfall anzuwenden. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, das verschiedene Formulierungen des Pheromons und verschiedene Fallengestaltung zum Fang der mannlichen Falter geeignet waren. Die Zahl der jahrlichen Generationen des Schadlings wurde bei dieser Gelegenheit mit sechs ermittelt.
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Effect of Zinc Sulphate on the Feeding and Growth of Spodoptera littoralis Boisd.
Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie, 2009Co-Authors: H.s. Salama, A. F. El‐sharabyAbstract:Zinc sulphate has a deterrent feeding effect to the larvae of Spodoptera littoralis, when supplemented with its diet at concentrations of 0.1 M or higher. This caused a lower rate of food intake. As a result, the development and growth of the larvae were retarded when reared on diets supplemented with this salt. Data on the weight of the larvae, their length and width of their head capsules confirmed this view. The accumulation of zinc in the tissues of the larvae seems to be the factor leading to the induction of sterility in the emerged moths. Zusammenfassung Zur Wirkung von Zink-Sulphat auf den Fras und das Wachstum von Spodoptera littoralis Boisd. Zink-Sulphat hat einen frasabschreckenden Effekt auf die Raupen von S. littoralis bei Konzentrationen von 0,1 M und hoher. Es verursacht eine Frasminderung und eine Verzogernug der Entwicklung. Gewichts- und Kopfkapselmessungen an den Raupen belegen diesen Effekt. Das Zink scheint sich in den Larvalgeweben zu akkumulieren und schlieslich zur Sterilisation der geschlupften Falter zu fuhren.
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Flight Range of the Moth of the Cotton Leaf Worm Spodoptera littoralis (Bois.)
Journal of Applied Entomology, 2009Co-Authors: H.s. Salama, A. ShoukryAbstract:Moths of Spodoptera littoralis Bois. have a flight range of 1.5 kilometers during a period of four hours overnight. The wind direction seems to affect the moth flight activity. More recaptures of moths were obtained at distances near to the release centre. Such flight activity during the life span of the moth which may extend to 10 days probably facilitates its dispersion and oviposition on different hosts and as well to feed on the nectar of different host and as well to feed on the nectar of different flowers. Zusammenfassung uber die Flugweite der Falter von Spodoptera littoralis (Bois.) Falter von S. littoralis zeigten eine Flugweite von 1,5 km wahrend einer nachtlichen Flugzeit von 4 Stunden. Die Windrichtung scheint die Flugaktivitat zu beeinflussen. Die Wiederfange von Faltern nahmen mit Annaherung an die Auslassungsstelle zu. Der Flug der Spodoptera-Falter wahrend der etwa 10tagigen Flugzeit fordert wahrscheinlich die Verbreitung der Art und die Eiablage auf verschiedenen Wirtspflanzen sowie die Imaginal-Ernahrung an verschiedenen Blutenpflanzen.
Nahla M. Abd El-aziz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of Individual and Combined Treatment with Azadirachtin and Spodoptera littoralis Multicapsid Nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpliMNPV, Baculoviridae) on the Egyptian Cotton Leafworm Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
2014Co-Authors: El-sayed H. Shaurub, Afaf Abd El-meguid, Nahla M. Abd El-azizAbstract:The tetranortriterpenoid, azadirachtin, and the entomopathogenic virus, nucleopolyhedrovirus, are used as safe and new control measures for combating agricultural insect pests instead of the use of synthetic insecticides. They can be mixed together as an integrated pest management strategy. Thus, the current investigation was designed to determine the mortality, duration and weight gain of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae, and the yield of Spodoptera littoralis multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpliMNPV) (Baculoviridae) when the fourth larval instars were treated individually with the LC 50 of azadirachtin and of SpliMNPV, and in combination with each other using the LC 25 , compared to non-treated larvae (control). The results obtained showed that combined treatment significantly enhanced the larval mortality by about 58.40 %, i.e . potentiation. Both individual and combined treatment significantly decreased the larval weight gain, whereas the larval duration was significantly increased, with the highest change in case of combined treatment. Azadirachtin-NPV mixture significantly decreased the viral yield (number of polyhedral inclusion bodies/g fresh larval body weight) by about 36.05 % compared to the individual treatment with the NPV. It can be concluded that although azadirachtin enhanced the pathogenicity (% larval kill) of SpliMNPV to S. littoralis , azadirachtin- SpliMNPV mixture is unlikely to be useful for the mass production of this viral isolate. Thus, these laboratory observations require validation in field studies under commercial growing conditions.
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Quantitative and ultrastructural changes in the haemocytes of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) treated individually or in combination with Spodoptera littoralis multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpliMNPV) and azadirachtin.
Micron (Oxford England : 1993), 2014Co-Authors: El-sayed H. Shaurub, Afaf Abd El-meguid, Nahla M. Abd El-azizAbstract:The total haemocyte count (THC) and the possible ultrastructural alterations induced in the haemocytes of the fourth larval instars of the Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), 96 h post-feeding on a semi-synthetic diet, treated with the LC50 of Spodoptera littoralis multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpliMNPV) and the LC50 of azadirachtin alone, and the LC25 of SpliMNPV combined with the LC25 of azadirachtin were studied and compared to the control. Single treatment with the virus and azadirachtin or combined treatment significantly decreased the THC compared to the control. There are five types of haemocytes in S. littoralis: prohaemocytes, plasmatocytes, granulocytes, spherulocytes and oenocytoids. The most common symptoms in granulocytes and plasmatocytes, the main affected cell types, due to viral infection were the presence of virogenic stroma, peripheral dispersion of the chromatin and disappearance of the nucleoli. However, the most common symptoms in these two types of haemocytes due to treatment with azadirachtin were the presence of rough endoplasmic reticulum filled with fibrous materials, due to probably apoptosis, in their cisternae and disorganization of mitochondria (looped, vacuolated and swollen). In addition, the cytoplasm of granulocytes was vacuolated with the appearance of autophagic lysosomes, while plasmatocytes showed ruptured cell membrane and folded nuclear envelope. Combined treatment with the NPV and azadirachtin induced the same pathological changes which were recorded from individual treatment with the virus or azadirachtin to the same haemocytes. It can be concluded that the change in the THC and ultrastructure of granulocytes and plasmatocytes may affect the cellular-mediated immune response in S. littoralis. Moreover, it seems likely that mitochondria were the target site of azadirachtin, as they were affected in both granulocytes and plasmatocytes treated with azadirachtin alone or in combination with SpliMNPV.
El-sayed H. Shaurub - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of Individual and Combined Treatment with Azadirachtin and Spodoptera littoralis Multicapsid Nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpliMNPV, Baculoviridae) on the Egyptian Cotton Leafworm Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
2014Co-Authors: El-sayed H. Shaurub, Afaf Abd El-meguid, Nahla M. Abd El-azizAbstract:The tetranortriterpenoid, azadirachtin, and the entomopathogenic virus, nucleopolyhedrovirus, are used as safe and new control measures for combating agricultural insect pests instead of the use of synthetic insecticides. They can be mixed together as an integrated pest management strategy. Thus, the current investigation was designed to determine the mortality, duration and weight gain of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae, and the yield of Spodoptera littoralis multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpliMNPV) (Baculoviridae) when the fourth larval instars were treated individually with the LC 50 of azadirachtin and of SpliMNPV, and in combination with each other using the LC 25 , compared to non-treated larvae (control). The results obtained showed that combined treatment significantly enhanced the larval mortality by about 58.40 %, i.e . potentiation. Both individual and combined treatment significantly decreased the larval weight gain, whereas the larval duration was significantly increased, with the highest change in case of combined treatment. Azadirachtin-NPV mixture significantly decreased the viral yield (number of polyhedral inclusion bodies/g fresh larval body weight) by about 36.05 % compared to the individual treatment with the NPV. It can be concluded that although azadirachtin enhanced the pathogenicity (% larval kill) of SpliMNPV to S. littoralis , azadirachtin- SpliMNPV mixture is unlikely to be useful for the mass production of this viral isolate. Thus, these laboratory observations require validation in field studies under commercial growing conditions.
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Quantitative and ultrastructural changes in the haemocytes of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) treated individually or in combination with Spodoptera littoralis multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpliMNPV) and azadirachtin.
Micron (Oxford England : 1993), 2014Co-Authors: El-sayed H. Shaurub, Afaf Abd El-meguid, Nahla M. Abd El-azizAbstract:The total haemocyte count (THC) and the possible ultrastructural alterations induced in the haemocytes of the fourth larval instars of the Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), 96 h post-feeding on a semi-synthetic diet, treated with the LC50 of Spodoptera littoralis multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpliMNPV) and the LC50 of azadirachtin alone, and the LC25 of SpliMNPV combined with the LC25 of azadirachtin were studied and compared to the control. Single treatment with the virus and azadirachtin or combined treatment significantly decreased the THC compared to the control. There are five types of haemocytes in S. littoralis: prohaemocytes, plasmatocytes, granulocytes, spherulocytes and oenocytoids. The most common symptoms in granulocytes and plasmatocytes, the main affected cell types, due to viral infection were the presence of virogenic stroma, peripheral dispersion of the chromatin and disappearance of the nucleoli. However, the most common symptoms in these two types of haemocytes due to treatment with azadirachtin were the presence of rough endoplasmic reticulum filled with fibrous materials, due to probably apoptosis, in their cisternae and disorganization of mitochondria (looped, vacuolated and swollen). In addition, the cytoplasm of granulocytes was vacuolated with the appearance of autophagic lysosomes, while plasmatocytes showed ruptured cell membrane and folded nuclear envelope. Combined treatment with the NPV and azadirachtin induced the same pathological changes which were recorded from individual treatment with the virus or azadirachtin to the same haemocytes. It can be concluded that the change in the THC and ultrastructure of granulocytes and plasmatocytes may affect the cellular-mediated immune response in S. littoralis. Moreover, it seems likely that mitochondria were the target site of azadirachtin, as they were affected in both granulocytes and plasmatocytes treated with azadirachtin alone or in combination with SpliMNPV.
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Pathogenicity, yield and DNA genome pattern of the entomopathogenic virus Spodoptera littoralis multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpliMNPV) to Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) under the impact of environmental stress, African Entomology 21 (2) 2013
African Entomology, 2014Co-Authors: El-sayed H. Shaurub, A.a. Abd El-wahab, N.m. Abd El-azizAbstract:Pathogenicity, yield and DNA genome pattern of the entomopathogenic virus Spodoptera littoralis multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpliMNPV) to Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) under the impact of environmental stress, African Entomology 21 (2) 2013 : pp. 221-230
Afaf Abd El-meguid - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of Individual and Combined Treatment with Azadirachtin and Spodoptera littoralis Multicapsid Nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpliMNPV, Baculoviridae) on the Egyptian Cotton Leafworm Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
2014Co-Authors: El-sayed H. Shaurub, Afaf Abd El-meguid, Nahla M. Abd El-azizAbstract:The tetranortriterpenoid, azadirachtin, and the entomopathogenic virus, nucleopolyhedrovirus, are used as safe and new control measures for combating agricultural insect pests instead of the use of synthetic insecticides. They can be mixed together as an integrated pest management strategy. Thus, the current investigation was designed to determine the mortality, duration and weight gain of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae, and the yield of Spodoptera littoralis multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpliMNPV) (Baculoviridae) when the fourth larval instars were treated individually with the LC 50 of azadirachtin and of SpliMNPV, and in combination with each other using the LC 25 , compared to non-treated larvae (control). The results obtained showed that combined treatment significantly enhanced the larval mortality by about 58.40 %, i.e . potentiation. Both individual and combined treatment significantly decreased the larval weight gain, whereas the larval duration was significantly increased, with the highest change in case of combined treatment. Azadirachtin-NPV mixture significantly decreased the viral yield (number of polyhedral inclusion bodies/g fresh larval body weight) by about 36.05 % compared to the individual treatment with the NPV. It can be concluded that although azadirachtin enhanced the pathogenicity (% larval kill) of SpliMNPV to S. littoralis , azadirachtin- SpliMNPV mixture is unlikely to be useful for the mass production of this viral isolate. Thus, these laboratory observations require validation in field studies under commercial growing conditions.
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Quantitative and ultrastructural changes in the haemocytes of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) treated individually or in combination with Spodoptera littoralis multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpliMNPV) and azadirachtin.
Micron (Oxford England : 1993), 2014Co-Authors: El-sayed H. Shaurub, Afaf Abd El-meguid, Nahla M. Abd El-azizAbstract:The total haemocyte count (THC) and the possible ultrastructural alterations induced in the haemocytes of the fourth larval instars of the Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), 96 h post-feeding on a semi-synthetic diet, treated with the LC50 of Spodoptera littoralis multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpliMNPV) and the LC50 of azadirachtin alone, and the LC25 of SpliMNPV combined with the LC25 of azadirachtin were studied and compared to the control. Single treatment with the virus and azadirachtin or combined treatment significantly decreased the THC compared to the control. There are five types of haemocytes in S. littoralis: prohaemocytes, plasmatocytes, granulocytes, spherulocytes and oenocytoids. The most common symptoms in granulocytes and plasmatocytes, the main affected cell types, due to viral infection were the presence of virogenic stroma, peripheral dispersion of the chromatin and disappearance of the nucleoli. However, the most common symptoms in these two types of haemocytes due to treatment with azadirachtin were the presence of rough endoplasmic reticulum filled with fibrous materials, due to probably apoptosis, in their cisternae and disorganization of mitochondria (looped, vacuolated and swollen). In addition, the cytoplasm of granulocytes was vacuolated with the appearance of autophagic lysosomes, while plasmatocytes showed ruptured cell membrane and folded nuclear envelope. Combined treatment with the NPV and azadirachtin induced the same pathological changes which were recorded from individual treatment with the virus or azadirachtin to the same haemocytes. It can be concluded that the change in the THC and ultrastructure of granulocytes and plasmatocytes may affect the cellular-mediated immune response in S. littoralis. Moreover, it seems likely that mitochondria were the target site of azadirachtin, as they were affected in both granulocytes and plasmatocytes treated with azadirachtin alone or in combination with SpliMNPV.
Bill S. Hansson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Peripheral modulation of olfaction by physiological state in the Egyptian leaf worm Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).
Journal of insect physiology, 2009Co-Authors: Véronique Martel, Bill S. Hansson, Peter Anderson, Fredrik SchlyterAbstract:Insects show behavioural plasticity based on their physiological state. Deprivation from a resource will normally make them more responsive to it or to perform behaviour increasing the probability of encountering such a resource. Modulation of the olfactory system has been shown mainly in the central nervous system, but also in the periphery. In this study, antennal sensitivity of females of the Egyptian cotton leaf worm Spodoptera littoralis to different plant and sex pheromone odours was measured using electroantennography (EAG). Different mating status, age, and feeding status were used to investigate peripheral changes in olfactory responses. Virgin females were found to be more sensitive to plant odours and sex pheromone compared to mated females. Age also had an impact on antennal sensitivity, 2 and 4 days old females being more sensitive than just-emerged ones. Such an increase in sensitivity could be explained by maturation of olfactory receptor neurons after emergence or by an increase in motivation as the available expected life time remaining decreases. Finally, feeding status did not modify the antennal sensitivity of females. A peripheral modulation could thus be demonstrated in the olfactory system of female Spodoptera littoralis at certain life stages.
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Olfactory discrimination conditioning in the moth Spodoptera littoralis.
Physiology & Behavior, 2001Co-Authors: Ruey-jane Fan, Bill S. HanssonAbstract:We used a proboscis extension reflex (PER) to study the olfactory discrimination capability in the moth Spodoptera littoralis. Already after a single experience, moths were capable to discriminate a rewarded from an unrewarded odor. In the first experiment, when rewarded and unrewarded odors were substituted for each other, moths were able to undergo reversal conditioning already after two experiences. Both shorter and longer inter-trial intervals (ITIs) supported high degrees of learning. In a second experiment, moths could solve both feature-positive and -negative discrimination tasks. Two hypotheses for the way in which these associations exert their discrimination performance are considered. The moth's olfactory physiology has been extensively studied. This animal thus provides a powerful system in which to study the neurobiology of olfactory discrimination and odor recognition.
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Experience-dependent modification of orientational response to olfactory cues in larvae of Spodoptera littoralis
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1999Co-Authors: Mikael A. Carlsson, Peter Anderson, Elke Hartlieb, Bill S. HanssonAbstract:In a behavioral dual-choice test the orientational response of third-instar larvae of Spodoptera littoralis to a certain odor could be increased, following a former experience of the odor. The odorants used were either the odor of a previously eaten host plant or a synthetic plant odor presented in conjunction with food. Inexperienced third-instar larvae were either neutral or demonstrated a weak attraction to the odors, whereas experienced larvae were highly attracted. Furthermore it was demonstrated that the larvae did not generalize between the odor previously experienced and a novel odor.