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Tiffanie A Woodley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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multidrug resistant mannheimia haemolytica isolated from high risk beef Stocker Cattle after antimicrobial metaphylaxis and treatment for bovine respiratory disease
Veterinary Microbiology, 2018Co-Authors: Amelia R Woolums, Brandi B Karisch, David R Smith, John Blanton, Frank W Austin, Jonathan G Frye, Lari M Hiott, William B Epperson, Ray M Kaplan, Tiffanie A WoodleyAbstract:Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacterial respiratory pathogens in high-risk Stocker Cattle has been poorly characterized. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of multidrug resistant (MDR; resistance to > 3 antimicrobial classes) respiratory pathogens in 50 conventionally managed Stocker Cattle over 21 days after arrival. Cattle received tildipirosin metaphylaxis on day 0 and were eligible to receive up to 3 additional antimicrobials for bovine respiratory disease (BRD): florfenicol, ceftiofur and enrofloxacin. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected on days 0, 7, 14, and 21 for bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing using disc diffusion and broth microdilution. Mannheimia haemolytica was isolated from 5 of 48, 27 of 50, 44 of 50, and 40 of 50 Cattle on days 0, 7, 14, and 21, respectively. One of 5, 27 of 27, 43 of 44, and 40 of 40 M. haemolytica were MDR on days 0, 7, 14, and 21, respectively. Pasteurella multocida was isolated from 6 of 48 Cattle on day 0 and none were MDR; no other pathogens were isolated. Twenty-four Cattle required at least one BRD treatment; M. haemolytica was isolated before treatment from 13 of 24 Cattle; all were MDR. One hundred-eighteen M. haemolytica isolates were subjected to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE); multiple genotypes were identified. Whole genome sequencing of 33 isolates revealed 14 known AMR genes. Multidrug resistant M. haemolytica can be highly prevalent and genetically diverse in Stocker Cattle; additional research is necessary to determine factors that influence prevalence and the impact on Cattle health.
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multidrug resistant mannheimia haemolytica isolated from high risk beef Stocker Cattle after antimicrobial metaphylaxis and treatment for bovine respiratory disease
Veterinary Microbiology, 2018Co-Authors: Amelia R Woolums, Brandi B Karisch, David R Smith, Frank W Austin, Jonathan G Frye, Lari M Hiott, William B Epperson, Ray M Kaplan, J R Blanton, Tiffanie A WoodleyAbstract:Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacterial respiratory pathogens in high-risk Stocker Cattle has been poorly characterized. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of multidrug resistant (MDR; resistance to > 3 antimicrobial classes) respiratory pathogens in 50 conventionally managed Stocker Cattle over 21 days after arrival. Cattle received tildipirosin metaphylaxis on day 0 and were eligible to receive up to 3 additional antimicrobials for bovine respiratory disease (BRD): florfenicol, ceftiofur and enrofloxacin. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected on days 0, 7, 14, and 21 for bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing using disc diffusion and broth microdilution. Mannheimia haemolytica was isolated from 5 of 48, 27 of 50, 44 of 50, and 40 of 50 Cattle on days 0, 7, 14, and 21, respectively. One of 5, 27 of 27, 43 of 44, and 40 of 40 M. haemolytica were MDR on days 0, 7, 14, and 21, respectively. Pasteurella multocida was isolated from 6 of 48 Cattle on day 0 and none were MDR; no other pathogens were isolated. Twenty-four Cattle required at least one BRD treatment; M. haemolytica was isolated before treatment from 13 of 24 Cattle; all were MDR. One hundred-eighteen M. haemolytica isolates were subjected to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE); multiple genotypes were identified. Whole genome sequencing of 33 isolates revealed 14 known AMR genes. Multidrug resistant M. haemolytica can be highly prevalent and genetically diverse in Stocker Cattle; additional research is necessary to determine factors that influence prevalence and the impact on Cattle health.
Amelia R Woolums - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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transcriptomic profiling of brd attributed mortality in Stocker Cattle identifies active inflammatory and antiviral pathways at arrival
American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 2020Co-Authors: Matthew A Scott, Amelia R Woolums, Brandi B Karisch, David R Smith, C E Swiderski, Andy D Perkins, Bindu Nanduri, William B EppersonAbstract:Diagnosis and management of bovine respiratory disease (BRD), the most significant disease complex in post-weaned beef Cattle, relies predominantly upon nonspecific clinical signs. Research is necessary to discern the underlying biological processes associated with BRD acquisition and severity. We hypothesize that at-arrival whole blood transcriptomes of Stocker Cattle will distinguish host immunologic responses that influence BRD severity, defined by BRD-attributed mortality.
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pharmacokinetics of tulathromycin following administration to Stocker Cattle with remote delivery devices
Journal of Animal Science, 2019Co-Authors: Daniel J Rivera, Amelia R Woolums, Steeve Giguere, Joseph T Johnson, Alexis G Lutz, Paige N Tipton, William B Crosby, Ivy Hice, Merrilee ThoresenAbstract:: Remote delivery devices (RDD) are used by some to administer antimicrobials (AM) to Cattle when treatment by manual injection is logistically difficult. However, it is not clear that the pharmacokinetics (PK) of AM administered by RDD is comparable to that for AM administered by injection; thus, it is not certain that Cattle treated by RDD experience equivalent AM effect. Fifteen crossbred beef steers (body weight [BW] = 302.5 ± 21.7 kg) were used in a three-way crossover study to determine the PK of tulathromycin following administration with RDD in the BQA injection triangle. Cattle were treated by each of three methods at 2.5 mg of tulathromycin per kg of BW with a 60 d washout period between treatments: 1) subcutaneous injection of tulathromycin (SC), 2) treatment by RDD delivered by air pump projector (AIR, Pneudart, Model 178B) at 4.5 m distance, and 3) treatment by RDD delivered by CO2-powered projector at 7.5 m (CO2, Pneudart, Model 176B). Blood was collected prior to injection and at various points up to 552 h post-administration, pharmacokinetic data were analyzed as a mixed model using animal as a random effect and method of administration, order of administration, and their interaction as fixed effects. Plasma creatine kinase (CK) was measured before treatment and at 24 h after treatment to determine the degree of muscle injury resulting from each treatment. Three darts administered by AIR did not discharge (20%; 95% CI = 4% to 48%); and results from these steers were excluded from analysis. Maximum plasma concentration (718, 702.6, and 755.5 µg/mL for SC, AIR, and CO2, respectively) and area under the concentration-time curve (17,885, 17,423, and 18,796 µg • h/mL for SC, AIR and CO, respectively) were similar and not significantly different between methods of administration. There was an effect of time (P = 0.0002), period (P = 0.0001), and interaction between method of administration and study period (P = 0.0210) on plasma concentration of CK. However, method of treatment (P = 0.6091), interaction between method and time (P = 0.6972), interaction between period and time (P = 0.6153), and 3-way interaction between method, period and time (P = 0.6804) were not different. Results suggest that PK of tulathromycin following delivery by RDD can be similar to subcutaneous injection; however, failure of RDD to discharge after delivery by some types of projectors can cause an important proportion of Cattle to fail to receive drug as expected.
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multidrug resistant mannheimia haemolytica isolated from high risk beef Stocker Cattle after antimicrobial metaphylaxis and treatment for bovine respiratory disease
Veterinary Microbiology, 2018Co-Authors: Amelia R Woolums, Brandi B Karisch, David R Smith, John Blanton, Frank W Austin, Jonathan G Frye, Lari M Hiott, William B Epperson, Ray M Kaplan, Tiffanie A WoodleyAbstract:Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacterial respiratory pathogens in high-risk Stocker Cattle has been poorly characterized. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of multidrug resistant (MDR; resistance to > 3 antimicrobial classes) respiratory pathogens in 50 conventionally managed Stocker Cattle over 21 days after arrival. Cattle received tildipirosin metaphylaxis on day 0 and were eligible to receive up to 3 additional antimicrobials for bovine respiratory disease (BRD): florfenicol, ceftiofur and enrofloxacin. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected on days 0, 7, 14, and 21 for bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing using disc diffusion and broth microdilution. Mannheimia haemolytica was isolated from 5 of 48, 27 of 50, 44 of 50, and 40 of 50 Cattle on days 0, 7, 14, and 21, respectively. One of 5, 27 of 27, 43 of 44, and 40 of 40 M. haemolytica were MDR on days 0, 7, 14, and 21, respectively. Pasteurella multocida was isolated from 6 of 48 Cattle on day 0 and none were MDR; no other pathogens were isolated. Twenty-four Cattle required at least one BRD treatment; M. haemolytica was isolated before treatment from 13 of 24 Cattle; all were MDR. One hundred-eighteen M. haemolytica isolates were subjected to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE); multiple genotypes were identified. Whole genome sequencing of 33 isolates revealed 14 known AMR genes. Multidrug resistant M. haemolytica can be highly prevalent and genetically diverse in Stocker Cattle; additional research is necessary to determine factors that influence prevalence and the impact on Cattle health.
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multidrug resistant mannheimia haemolytica isolated from high risk beef Stocker Cattle after antimicrobial metaphylaxis and treatment for bovine respiratory disease
Veterinary Microbiology, 2018Co-Authors: Amelia R Woolums, Brandi B Karisch, David R Smith, Frank W Austin, Jonathan G Frye, Lari M Hiott, William B Epperson, Ray M Kaplan, J R Blanton, Tiffanie A WoodleyAbstract:Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacterial respiratory pathogens in high-risk Stocker Cattle has been poorly characterized. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of multidrug resistant (MDR; resistance to > 3 antimicrobial classes) respiratory pathogens in 50 conventionally managed Stocker Cattle over 21 days after arrival. Cattle received tildipirosin metaphylaxis on day 0 and were eligible to receive up to 3 additional antimicrobials for bovine respiratory disease (BRD): florfenicol, ceftiofur and enrofloxacin. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected on days 0, 7, 14, and 21 for bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing using disc diffusion and broth microdilution. Mannheimia haemolytica was isolated from 5 of 48, 27 of 50, 44 of 50, and 40 of 50 Cattle on days 0, 7, 14, and 21, respectively. One of 5, 27 of 27, 43 of 44, and 40 of 40 M. haemolytica were MDR on days 0, 7, 14, and 21, respectively. Pasteurella multocida was isolated from 6 of 48 Cattle on day 0 and none were MDR; no other pathogens were isolated. Twenty-four Cattle required at least one BRD treatment; M. haemolytica was isolated before treatment from 13 of 24 Cattle; all were MDR. One hundred-eighteen M. haemolytica isolates were subjected to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE); multiple genotypes were identified. Whole genome sequencing of 33 isolates revealed 14 known AMR genes. Multidrug resistant M. haemolytica can be highly prevalent and genetically diverse in Stocker Cattle; additional research is necessary to determine factors that influence prevalence and the impact on Cattle health.
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a randomized controlled trial to test the effect of on arrival vaccination and deworming on Stocker Cattle health and growth performance
The Bovine practitioner, 2018Co-Authors: Courtney M Griffin, Amelia R Woolums, Brandi B Karisch, John Blanton, William B Epperson, Ray M Kaplan, Jenna A Scott, David R SmithAbstract:Our objective was to determine the effect of vaccination and deworming at arrival (d 0) on bovine respiratory disease (BRD) incidence, mortality, and growth of Stocker calves. Calves (n=80) were stratified by d -3 weight and fecal egg count (FEC) into 20 pens of 4 calves. Pens were randomly assigned to treatments in a 2×2 factorial design, testing d 0 vaccination (modified-live respiratory virus and clostridial vaccine, or not) and deworming (oral fenbendazole and levamisole, or not). Body weights were measured on days 0, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, and 85, and FEC were measured on days -3, 28, 56, and 85. Incidence of BRD was greater for d 0 vaccination (RR=3.2), high fever (≥104°F, ≥40°C) at d 0 (RR=6), and higher d -3 FEC (RR=1.2 per 100 epg). Mortality was greater for d 0 vaccination (OR=8.3) and high fever (OR=41.6). Growth was 10.3 lb (4.7 kg) lower for d 0 vaccination, 24 lb (11 kg) and 16 lb (7.3 kg) lower for moderate (103°F to 103.9°F; 39.4°C to 39.9°C) and high fever, respectively, and 17.6 lb (8 kg) lower for each additional BRD treatment a calf received. Deworming was neither beneficial nor detrimental to any health or performance factors. Health and growth performance of Stocker calves may be adversely affected by vaccination at arrival, higher arrival FEC, and fever at arrival.
Brandi B Karisch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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transcriptomic profiling of brd attributed mortality in Stocker Cattle identifies active inflammatory and antiviral pathways at arrival
American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 2020Co-Authors: Matthew A Scott, Amelia R Woolums, Brandi B Karisch, David R Smith, C E Swiderski, Andy D Perkins, Bindu Nanduri, William B EppersonAbstract:Diagnosis and management of bovine respiratory disease (BRD), the most significant disease complex in post-weaned beef Cattle, relies predominantly upon nonspecific clinical signs. Research is necessary to discern the underlying biological processes associated with BRD acquisition and severity. We hypothesize that at-arrival whole blood transcriptomes of Stocker Cattle will distinguish host immunologic responses that influence BRD severity, defined by BRD-attributed mortality.
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multidrug resistant mannheimia haemolytica isolated from high risk beef Stocker Cattle after antimicrobial metaphylaxis and treatment for bovine respiratory disease
Veterinary Microbiology, 2018Co-Authors: Amelia R Woolums, Brandi B Karisch, David R Smith, John Blanton, Frank W Austin, Jonathan G Frye, Lari M Hiott, William B Epperson, Ray M Kaplan, Tiffanie A WoodleyAbstract:Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacterial respiratory pathogens in high-risk Stocker Cattle has been poorly characterized. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of multidrug resistant (MDR; resistance to > 3 antimicrobial classes) respiratory pathogens in 50 conventionally managed Stocker Cattle over 21 days after arrival. Cattle received tildipirosin metaphylaxis on day 0 and were eligible to receive up to 3 additional antimicrobials for bovine respiratory disease (BRD): florfenicol, ceftiofur and enrofloxacin. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected on days 0, 7, 14, and 21 for bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing using disc diffusion and broth microdilution. Mannheimia haemolytica was isolated from 5 of 48, 27 of 50, 44 of 50, and 40 of 50 Cattle on days 0, 7, 14, and 21, respectively. One of 5, 27 of 27, 43 of 44, and 40 of 40 M. haemolytica were MDR on days 0, 7, 14, and 21, respectively. Pasteurella multocida was isolated from 6 of 48 Cattle on day 0 and none were MDR; no other pathogens were isolated. Twenty-four Cattle required at least one BRD treatment; M. haemolytica was isolated before treatment from 13 of 24 Cattle; all were MDR. One hundred-eighteen M. haemolytica isolates were subjected to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE); multiple genotypes were identified. Whole genome sequencing of 33 isolates revealed 14 known AMR genes. Multidrug resistant M. haemolytica can be highly prevalent and genetically diverse in Stocker Cattle; additional research is necessary to determine factors that influence prevalence and the impact on Cattle health.
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multidrug resistant mannheimia haemolytica isolated from high risk beef Stocker Cattle after antimicrobial metaphylaxis and treatment for bovine respiratory disease
Veterinary Microbiology, 2018Co-Authors: Amelia R Woolums, Brandi B Karisch, David R Smith, Frank W Austin, Jonathan G Frye, Lari M Hiott, William B Epperson, Ray M Kaplan, J R Blanton, Tiffanie A WoodleyAbstract:Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacterial respiratory pathogens in high-risk Stocker Cattle has been poorly characterized. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of multidrug resistant (MDR; resistance to > 3 antimicrobial classes) respiratory pathogens in 50 conventionally managed Stocker Cattle over 21 days after arrival. Cattle received tildipirosin metaphylaxis on day 0 and were eligible to receive up to 3 additional antimicrobials for bovine respiratory disease (BRD): florfenicol, ceftiofur and enrofloxacin. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected on days 0, 7, 14, and 21 for bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing using disc diffusion and broth microdilution. Mannheimia haemolytica was isolated from 5 of 48, 27 of 50, 44 of 50, and 40 of 50 Cattle on days 0, 7, 14, and 21, respectively. One of 5, 27 of 27, 43 of 44, and 40 of 40 M. haemolytica were MDR on days 0, 7, 14, and 21, respectively. Pasteurella multocida was isolated from 6 of 48 Cattle on day 0 and none were MDR; no other pathogens were isolated. Twenty-four Cattle required at least one BRD treatment; M. haemolytica was isolated before treatment from 13 of 24 Cattle; all were MDR. One hundred-eighteen M. haemolytica isolates were subjected to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE); multiple genotypes were identified. Whole genome sequencing of 33 isolates revealed 14 known AMR genes. Multidrug resistant M. haemolytica can be highly prevalent and genetically diverse in Stocker Cattle; additional research is necessary to determine factors that influence prevalence and the impact on Cattle health.
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a randomized controlled trial to test the effect of on arrival vaccination and deworming on Stocker Cattle health and growth performance
The Bovine practitioner, 2018Co-Authors: Courtney M Griffin, Amelia R Woolums, Brandi B Karisch, John Blanton, William B Epperson, Ray M Kaplan, Jenna A Scott, David R SmithAbstract:Our objective was to determine the effect of vaccination and deworming at arrival (d 0) on bovine respiratory disease (BRD) incidence, mortality, and growth of Stocker calves. Calves (n=80) were stratified by d -3 weight and fecal egg count (FEC) into 20 pens of 4 calves. Pens were randomly assigned to treatments in a 2×2 factorial design, testing d 0 vaccination (modified-live respiratory virus and clostridial vaccine, or not) and deworming (oral fenbendazole and levamisole, or not). Body weights were measured on days 0, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, and 85, and FEC were measured on days -3, 28, 56, and 85. Incidence of BRD was greater for d 0 vaccination (RR=3.2), high fever (≥104°F, ≥40°C) at d 0 (RR=6), and higher d -3 FEC (RR=1.2 per 100 epg). Mortality was greater for d 0 vaccination (OR=8.3) and high fever (OR=41.6). Growth was 10.3 lb (4.7 kg) lower for d 0 vaccination, 24 lb (11 kg) and 16 lb (7.3 kg) lower for moderate (103°F to 103.9°F; 39.4°C to 39.9°C) and high fever, respectively, and 17.6 lb (8 kg) lower for each additional BRD treatment a calf received. Deworming was neither beneficial nor detrimental to any health or performance factors. Health and growth performance of Stocker calves may be adversely affected by vaccination at arrival, higher arrival FEC, and fever at arrival.
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antimicrobial susceptibility in mannheimia haemolytica isolated from high risk Stocker Cattle after metaphylaxis and treatment
American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 2017Co-Authors: Amelia R Woolums, Brandi B Karisch, David R Smith, John Blanton, Frank W Austin, Jonathan G Frye, Lari M Hiott, Michael McclellandAbstract:Metaphylaxis (mass antimicrobial treatment) is commonly administered to high-risk Cattle to limit bovine respiratory disease (BRD). While metaphylaxis decreases BRD morbidity and mortality, some Cattle still require subsequent BRD treatments. Moreover, widespread application of anti-microbial drugs with extended duration of therapeutic concentrations in lung could increase antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria that cause BRD. Reports indicate increasing prevalence of AMR in Mannheimia haemolytica, the leading bacterial contributor to BRD in feedlot and Stocker Cattle. The role that metaphylaxis has contributed to the recognized increase in AMR prevalence in M. haemolytica has not been well described. The impact of AMR on health outcomes in Cattle managed to treat and control BRD is also not clear. The objective of this research was to describe the prevalence of AMR M. haemolytica in auction market-derived Stocker Cattle that received a long acting macrolide for metaphylaxis, followed by treatment as necessary for BRD with other antimicrobials, over the first 21 days after receiving
William B Epperson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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transcriptomic profiling of brd attributed mortality in Stocker Cattle identifies active inflammatory and antiviral pathways at arrival
American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 2020Co-Authors: Matthew A Scott, Amelia R Woolums, Brandi B Karisch, David R Smith, C E Swiderski, Andy D Perkins, Bindu Nanduri, William B EppersonAbstract:Diagnosis and management of bovine respiratory disease (BRD), the most significant disease complex in post-weaned beef Cattle, relies predominantly upon nonspecific clinical signs. Research is necessary to discern the underlying biological processes associated with BRD acquisition and severity. We hypothesize that at-arrival whole blood transcriptomes of Stocker Cattle will distinguish host immunologic responses that influence BRD severity, defined by BRD-attributed mortality.
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multidrug resistant mannheimia haemolytica isolated from high risk beef Stocker Cattle after antimicrobial metaphylaxis and treatment for bovine respiratory disease
Veterinary Microbiology, 2018Co-Authors: Amelia R Woolums, Brandi B Karisch, David R Smith, John Blanton, Frank W Austin, Jonathan G Frye, Lari M Hiott, William B Epperson, Ray M Kaplan, Tiffanie A WoodleyAbstract:Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacterial respiratory pathogens in high-risk Stocker Cattle has been poorly characterized. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of multidrug resistant (MDR; resistance to > 3 antimicrobial classes) respiratory pathogens in 50 conventionally managed Stocker Cattle over 21 days after arrival. Cattle received tildipirosin metaphylaxis on day 0 and were eligible to receive up to 3 additional antimicrobials for bovine respiratory disease (BRD): florfenicol, ceftiofur and enrofloxacin. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected on days 0, 7, 14, and 21 for bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing using disc diffusion and broth microdilution. Mannheimia haemolytica was isolated from 5 of 48, 27 of 50, 44 of 50, and 40 of 50 Cattle on days 0, 7, 14, and 21, respectively. One of 5, 27 of 27, 43 of 44, and 40 of 40 M. haemolytica were MDR on days 0, 7, 14, and 21, respectively. Pasteurella multocida was isolated from 6 of 48 Cattle on day 0 and none were MDR; no other pathogens were isolated. Twenty-four Cattle required at least one BRD treatment; M. haemolytica was isolated before treatment from 13 of 24 Cattle; all were MDR. One hundred-eighteen M. haemolytica isolates were subjected to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE); multiple genotypes were identified. Whole genome sequencing of 33 isolates revealed 14 known AMR genes. Multidrug resistant M. haemolytica can be highly prevalent and genetically diverse in Stocker Cattle; additional research is necessary to determine factors that influence prevalence and the impact on Cattle health.
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multidrug resistant mannheimia haemolytica isolated from high risk beef Stocker Cattle after antimicrobial metaphylaxis and treatment for bovine respiratory disease
Veterinary Microbiology, 2018Co-Authors: Amelia R Woolums, Brandi B Karisch, David R Smith, Frank W Austin, Jonathan G Frye, Lari M Hiott, William B Epperson, Ray M Kaplan, J R Blanton, Tiffanie A WoodleyAbstract:Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacterial respiratory pathogens in high-risk Stocker Cattle has been poorly characterized. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of multidrug resistant (MDR; resistance to > 3 antimicrobial classes) respiratory pathogens in 50 conventionally managed Stocker Cattle over 21 days after arrival. Cattle received tildipirosin metaphylaxis on day 0 and were eligible to receive up to 3 additional antimicrobials for bovine respiratory disease (BRD): florfenicol, ceftiofur and enrofloxacin. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected on days 0, 7, 14, and 21 for bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing using disc diffusion and broth microdilution. Mannheimia haemolytica was isolated from 5 of 48, 27 of 50, 44 of 50, and 40 of 50 Cattle on days 0, 7, 14, and 21, respectively. One of 5, 27 of 27, 43 of 44, and 40 of 40 M. haemolytica were MDR on days 0, 7, 14, and 21, respectively. Pasteurella multocida was isolated from 6 of 48 Cattle on day 0 and none were MDR; no other pathogens were isolated. Twenty-four Cattle required at least one BRD treatment; M. haemolytica was isolated before treatment from 13 of 24 Cattle; all were MDR. One hundred-eighteen M. haemolytica isolates were subjected to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE); multiple genotypes were identified. Whole genome sequencing of 33 isolates revealed 14 known AMR genes. Multidrug resistant M. haemolytica can be highly prevalent and genetically diverse in Stocker Cattle; additional research is necessary to determine factors that influence prevalence and the impact on Cattle health.
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a randomized controlled trial to test the effect of on arrival vaccination and deworming on Stocker Cattle health and growth performance
The Bovine practitioner, 2018Co-Authors: Courtney M Griffin, Amelia R Woolums, Brandi B Karisch, John Blanton, William B Epperson, Ray M Kaplan, Jenna A Scott, David R SmithAbstract:Our objective was to determine the effect of vaccination and deworming at arrival (d 0) on bovine respiratory disease (BRD) incidence, mortality, and growth of Stocker calves. Calves (n=80) were stratified by d -3 weight and fecal egg count (FEC) into 20 pens of 4 calves. Pens were randomly assigned to treatments in a 2×2 factorial design, testing d 0 vaccination (modified-live respiratory virus and clostridial vaccine, or not) and deworming (oral fenbendazole and levamisole, or not). Body weights were measured on days 0, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, and 85, and FEC were measured on days -3, 28, 56, and 85. Incidence of BRD was greater for d 0 vaccination (RR=3.2), high fever (≥104°F, ≥40°C) at d 0 (RR=6), and higher d -3 FEC (RR=1.2 per 100 epg). Mortality was greater for d 0 vaccination (OR=8.3) and high fever (OR=41.6). Growth was 10.3 lb (4.7 kg) lower for d 0 vaccination, 24 lb (11 kg) and 16 lb (7.3 kg) lower for moderate (103°F to 103.9°F; 39.4°C to 39.9°C) and high fever, respectively, and 17.6 lb (8 kg) lower for each additional BRD treatment a calf received. Deworming was neither beneficial nor detrimental to any health or performance factors. Health and growth performance of Stocker calves may be adversely affected by vaccination at arrival, higher arrival FEC, and fever at arrival.
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a single pasture limited treatment approach to estimate production loss from gastrointestinal nematodes in grazing Stocker Cattle
Veterinary Parasitology, 2001Co-Authors: William B Epperson, B D Kenzy, Keith Mertz, Michael B HildrethAbstract:The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of a single pasture, limited treatment methodology to assess the impact of gastrointestinal nematodes on weight gain in grazing Cattle. From a group of 450 British crossbred, yearling spayed heifers, 60 animals were randomly selected (prospective randomization) prior to placement on summer pasture. Each of these 60 animals was weighed, a fecal sample obtained for nematode egg count and a uniquely numbered ear tag applied. A randomly assigned group of 30 received treatment with one ivermectin sustained release bolus, while the remaining 30 served as non-treated controls. The treatment and control groups rejoined the remaining non-treated 390 animals, and were grazed as a single group for 165 days. At grazing conclusion, treatment and control Cattle were individually weighed, and fecal samples obtained for nematode egg counts. Treatment was associated with a 0.064 kg per grazing day gain increase, or a 10 kg increase over the grazing season (P = 0.02). Nematode egg counts at grazing initiation were not different between treatment and control (P = 0.30), though egg counts in treated Cattle at study end were lower than control (P < 0.0001). Results of this study support the use of a single pasture limited treatment approach for measuring the effect that internal nematodes have on weight gain in grazing Cattle under commercial range conditions.
S A Gunter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an energy and monensin supplement reduces methane emission intensity of Stocker Cattle grazing winter wheat
Applied Animal Science, 2019Co-Authors: L R Thompson, S A Gunter, M R Beck, G D Williams, Sara E Place, R R ReuterAbstract:ABSTRACT Objective The objective of this study was to determine the effect of an energy supplement with monensin on CH4 emissions and performance of Stocker calves grazing winter wheat. Materials and Methods Eight steers and 8 heifers were grazed in a 9-ha winter wheat pasture, and CH4 emissions were recorded. Animals were randomly assigned within sex to receive from 0 to 1.07 kg of a supplement (as fed, primarily ground corn, wheat middlings, and 34 mg/kg monensin) per day. Animals were supplemented 3 d per week in individual stalls and orts were weighed. Forage intake was estimated with TiO2 as an external marker. As several independent variables were available, dependent variables of interest were subjected to backward stepwise regression with baseline CH4, total supplement intake, forage intake, initial BW, sex, and monensin dose in the model. Results and Discussion Animal performance increased, but at a decreasing rate, with increased total supplement intake and forage intake (P Implications and Applications Taken together, these results suggest that supplementation with energy and monensin likely reduces methane emission intensity, and provide equations useful for future modeling efforts.
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effect of method and timing of castration on newly arrived Stocker Cattle
The Professional Animal Scientist, 2014Co-Authors: M D Ratcliff, L. B. Daniels, J G Powell, E B Kegley, J Hawley, K S Lusby, M P Rowe, S A Gunter, D S HubbellAbstract:ABSTRACT To determine the effects of castration method and timing on performance and morbidity of newly arrived beef Stocker Cattle, 271 crossbred calves (184 bulls, 87 steers; 210 ± 14.7 kg) were purchased at livestock markets in 3 groups (replicated trials). Upon arrival calves were weighed and, within arrival group, were assigned randomly to 1 of 8 pens. Within pens, calves were assigned to 1 of 5 treatment groups consisting of (1) calves that arrived as steers; calves that arrived as bulls and were castrated surgically on (2) d 0 or (3) 14; and calves that arrived as bulls and were castrated utilizing a bander on (4) d 0 or (5) 14. The following day, calves were processed and designated bull calves were castrated. On d 14, remaining bull calves were castrated. Calves surgically castrated on d 0 had the greatest ADG, with those surgically castrated on d 14 and band-castrated at d 0 gained the least for the 50-, 53-, or 43-d trial (trials 1, 2, and 3, respectively; method × castration day interaction, P
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assessment of the effect of castration upon arrival on long term growth performance of Stocker Cattle
The Professional Animal Scientist, 2014Co-Authors: M D Ratcliff, L. B. Daniels, J G Powell, E B Kegley, J Hawley, K S Lusby, M P Rowe, S A Gunter, D S HubbellAbstract:ABSTRACT Existing records were used to quantify the effect of castration and dehorning of calves upon arrival at a Stocker unit on long-term growth performance and morbidity. Male calves (n = 1,105; BW = 186 ± 24 kg) received over 3 yr were used to assess the effects of castration and dehorning on receiving health and ADG, as well as subsequent grazing performance. Data were compiled from 9 studies in which the protocols used were similar. All bulls (n = 672) were castrated upon arrival, and their ADG and morbidity over the course of the receiving (22–69 d) and grazing (44–217 d) phases were compared with calves received as steers (n = 433). During the receiving phase, bulls gained 0.12 kg/d less than steers (P
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2011 and 2012 early careers achievement awards improving the production environmental and economic efficiency of the Stocker Cattle industry in the southeastern united states
Journal of Animal Science, 2013Co-Authors: P A Beck, D S Hubbell, S A Gunter, Michael Anders, B Watkins, M S GadberryAbstract:Grazing forages on small-grain fields can be a profitable "second crop" for grain producers and an opportunity for cow-calf producers to retain ownership of weaned calves. The increasing costs of conventional tillage and movement of soil nutrients into surface water creates a need for more sustainable production practices to be incorporated by producers into wheat pasture production systems. Research at the Livestock and Forestry Research Station near Batesville, AR, and the Southwest Research and Extension Center near Hope, AR, has been conducted over a 9-yr span to characterize the impacts of pasture systems on forage production, animal performance, soil quality, water runoff, and the economics associated with the Stocker Cattle enterprises. Gains of growing Cattle grazing nontoxic endophyte-infected tall fescue and small-grain forages can be increased by 80 and 150%, respectively, compared with grazing Bermuda grass or toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue. Producers grazing spring-calving cowherds can use these improved forages to accelerate Stocker performance when retaining calves in the fall and improve net returns by 99% with winter annual or nontoxic tall fescue production systems compared with Bermuda grass or toxic tall fescue. Rainfall simulation of small grain pastures indicates that runoff volume and nutrient load does not differ between conventionally tilled fields and no-till fields in the spring before tillage when soil surface cover is similar. In the fall after tillage, however, conventionally tilled fields had 4 times greater runoff; hence, there was 1.9 times greater N runoff and 3.2 times greater P runoff in conventionally tilled fields compared with no-till. Total natural rainfall runoff from conventionally tilled wheat fields were 2 times greater than from no-till fields with 25 mm rainfall events yet were 4 times greater with 62-mm rainfall events. Soil analysis shows that soil aggregate content was greater in no-till compared with conventional till, indicating greater soil porosity, improved water infiltration rate, and reduced erositivity of soil. Carbon concentration in no-till soils was 50% greater than conventional tillage after 9 yr. These experiments show that production systems can be designed that maintain livestock production, increase soil quality, reduce nutrient discharge, and promote improved economic returns.
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improving the production environmental and economic efficiency of the Stocker Cattle industry in the southeastern united states
Journal of Animal Science, 2013Co-Authors: P A Beck, D S Hubbell, S A Gunter, Michael Anders, B Watkins, M S GadberryAbstract:Grazing forages on small-grain fields can be a profitable "second crop" for grain producers and an opportunity for cow-calf producers to retain ownership of weaned calves. The increasing costs of conventional tillage and movement of soil nutrients into surface water creates a need for more sustainable production practices to be incorporated by producers into wheat pasture production systems. Research at the Livestock and Forestry Research Station near Batesville, AR, and the Southwest Research and Extension Center near Hope, AR, has been conducted over a 9-yr span to characterize the impacts of pasture systems on forage production, animal performance, soil quality, water runoff, and the economics associated with the Stocker Cattle enterprises. Gains of growing Cattle grazing nontoxic endophyte-infected tall fescue and small-grain forages can be increased by 80 and 150%, respectively, compared with grazing Bermuda grass or toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue. Producers grazing spring-calving cowherds can use these improved forages to accelerate Stocker performance when retaining calves in the fall and improve net returns by 99% with winter annual or nontoxic tall fescue production systems compared with Bermuda grass or toxic tall fescue. Rainfall simulation of small grain pastures indicates that runoff volume and nutrient load does not differ between conventionally tilled fields and no-till fields in the spring before tillage when soil surface cover is similar. In the fall after tillage, however, conventionally tilled fields had 4 times greater runoff; hence, there was 1.9 times greater N runoff and 3.2 times greater P runoff in conventionally tilled fields compared with no-till. Total natural rainfall runoff from conventionally tilled wheat fields were 2 times greater than from no-till fields with 25 mm rainfall events yet were 4 times greater with 62-mm rainfall events. Soil analysis shows that soil aggregate content was greater in no-till compared with conventional till, indicating greater soil porosity, improved water infiltration rate, and reduced erositivity of soil. Carbon concentration in no-till soils was 50% greater than conventional tillage after 9 yr. These experiments show that production systems can be designed that maintain livestock production, increase soil quality, reduce nutrient discharge, and promote improved economic returns.
