The Experts below are selected from a list of 53268 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Glyn W. Humphreys - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
feature confirmation in object perception feature integration theory 26 years on from the treisman bartlett lecture
Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 2016Co-Authors: Glyn W. HumphreysAbstract:The Treisman Bartlett lecture, reported in the Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology in 1988, provided a major overview of the feature integration theory of attention. This has continued to be a dominant account of human visual attention to this day. The current paper provides a summary of the work reported in the lecture and an update on critical aspects of the theory as applied to visual object perception. The paper highlights the emergence of findings that pose significant challenges to the theory and which suggest that revisions are required that allow for (a) several rather than a single form of feature integration, (b) some forms of feature integration to operate preattentively, (c) Stored Knowledge about single objects and interactions between objects to modulate perceptual integration, (d) the application of feature-based inhibition to object files where visual features are specified, which generates feature-based spreading suppression and scene segmentation, and (e) a role for attention in...
-
Brain activity related to integrative processes in visual object recognition: bottom-up integration and the modulatory influence of Stored Knowledge
Neuropsychologia, 2002Co-Authors: Christian Gerlach, Glyn W. Humphreys, C T Aaside, Anders Gade, Olaf B. Paulson, Ian LawAbstract:We report evidence from a PET activation study that the inferior occipital gyri (likely to include area V2) and the posterior parts of the fusiform and inferior temporal gyri are involved in the integration of visual elements into perceptual wholes (single objects). Of these areas, the fusiform and inferior temporal gyri were more activated by tasks with recognizable stimuli than by tasks with unrecognizable stimuli. We propose that the posterior parts of the fusiform and inferior temporal gyri, compared with the inferior occipital gyri, are involved in higher level integration, due to the involvement of re-entrant activation from Stored structural Knowledge. Evidence in favor of this interpretation comes from the additional finding that activation of the anterior part of the left fusiform gyrus and a more anterior part of the right inferior temporal gyrus, areas previously associated with access to Stored structural Knowledge, was found with recognizable stimuli, but not with unrecognizable stimuli. This latter finding also indicates: (i) that subjects may not refrain from (automatically) identifying objects even if they only have to attend to the objects' global shape, and (ii) that perceptual and memorial processes can be dissociated on both functional and anatomical grounds. No evidence was obtained for the involvement of the parietal lobes in the integration of single objects.
-
Lexical recovery from extinction: Interactions between visual form and Stored Knowledge modulate visual selection.
Cognitive neuropsychology, 2001Co-Authors: Takatsune Kumada, Glyn W. HumphreysAbstract:The effects of lexical Knowledge on extinction were examined in a patient with bilateral parietal lesions and left extinction under double simultaneous stimulation: GK. GK was bilaterally presented with two letters that could form either a word or a nonword. In Experiments 1-3, the task was to identify each letter. GK showed better identification of left-side letters in words than in nonwords, whilst the identification of left-side letters in nonwords was worse than that of single letters presented in the same spatial positions (i.e., there was a word superiority effect under conditions in which extinction occurred). This lexical effect on completely correct responses tended to be larger for words with lower-case letters (Experiments 2 and 3) than for words with upper-case letters (Experiment 1). Different results arose when detection was measured. When letters could group by proximity and common contrast polarity, no word superiority effect was apparent. However, a word superiority effect re-emerged when low-level grouping was reduced by using letters with opposite contrast polarity (one white and one black on a grey background). The results are discussed in terms of the impact of different factors on selection in detection and identification tasks, and in terms of the modulatory roles of familiar form and Stored Knowledge on visual selection.
-
coding space within but not between objects evidence from balint s syndrome
Neuropsychologia, 2000Co-Authors: Adam C G Cooper, Glyn W. HumphreysAbstract:The ability to make spatial judgements was examined in a patient demonstrating poor perception of multiple objects following bilateral parietal lesions, under conditions in which the presence of the stimuli to which judgements were made could be detected. The tasks required judgements of spatial length or the position of coloured parts of stimuli. We manipulated the degree to which two uprights in a display could be encoded into a single perceptual object using either Stored Knowledge or bottom-up cues based on 2D or 3D image relations. Performance was dependent on the presence of both bottom-up grouping and familiarity. However, connectedness in the image was not sufficient to benefit performance, when stimuli were separate objects in 3D space. This deficit in spatial judgements, arising following detection of the relevant stimulus elements, is attributed to an impairment in coding the spatial relations between separate perceptual objects. This deficit could be overcome if stimuli could be grouped in 3D, using bottom-up cues and top-down Knowledge.
-
When joys come not in single spies but in battalions: Within-category and within-modality identification increases the accessibility of degraded Stored Knowledge
Neurocase, 1998Co-Authors: Glyn W. Humphreys, Raffaella I RumiatiAbstract:Abstract A single case study is presented of a patient with a modality-specific problem in visual object recognition, which can be linked to impaired Stored descriptions for objects. The impairment was consistent across items over time, suggesting degraded structural representations for objects. Interestingly, visual object recognition was improved by priming when several pictures of objects from the same category were presented simultaneously, relative to when the pictures were from different categories. Object recognition in the primed condition was greater than would be expected by guessing from the category label, and it was greater than when words replaced the prime pictures. The data indicate that degraded structural descriptions can be recovered by priming from items within the same category and modality. We discuss the implications of the results for understanding the relations between access and representation disorders in neuropsychology, the nature of our semantic representations of objects, an...
Hideki Hashimoto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
spatial memory as an aid system for human activity in intelligent space
IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2007Co-Authors: Mihiko Niitsuma, Hideki HashimotoAbstract:This paper presents the spatial memory that aids human activities in a working environment. The spatial memory enables humans to store computerized information into the real world by assigning a 3-D position as the memory address. By storing computerized information into the real world, users can manipulate the information in similar ways as physical objects. Consequently, we can retrieve Stored Knowledge by indicating the point using our own arms, which we name "human indicator." This paper shows a prototype of the spatial memory system, which has potential to enhance desk work. The implemented system is evaluated through two types of experiments by using human subjects. Experimental results verify the efficiency and the effectiveness of our spatial memory framework based on a statistical test
-
An evaluation of spatial memory based on human performance
31st Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics Society 2005. IECON 2005., 2005Co-Authors: Mihiko Niitsuma, Hiroshi Hashimoto, Hideki HashimotoAbstract:This paper proposes the spatial memory which aids human activity in a working environment. The spatial memory regards three-dimensional space as mass storage of computers, i.e. three-dimensional point is treated as an address of Stored Knowledge such as various documents, images and commands for machines. Consequently, we can access a Stored Knowledge by indicating the point using our own arms, which we named "human indicator". In this paper, we implement a prototype of the spatial memory system which is supposed to be utilized for a desk work. The implemented system is evaluated from the viewpoint of human performances.
Gina R Kuperberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
multiple influences of semantic memory on sentence processing distinct effects of semantic relatedness on violations of real world event state Knowledge and animacy selection restrictions
Journal of Memory and Language, 2012Co-Authors: Martin Paczynski, Gina R KuperbergAbstract:We aimed to determine whether semantic relatedness between an incoming word and its preceding context can override expectations based on two types of Stored Knowledge: real-world Knowledge about the specific events and states conveyed by a verb, and the verb’s broader selection restrictions on the animacy of its argument. We recorded event-related potentials on post-verbal Agent arguments as participants read and made plausibility judgments about passive English sentences. The N400 evoked by incoming animate Agent arguments that violated expectations based on real-world event/state Knowledge, was strongly attenuated when they were semantically related to the context. In contrast, semantic relatedness did not modulate the N400 evoked by inanimate Agent arguments that violated the preceding verb’s animacy selection restrictions. These findings suggest that, under these task and experimental conditions, semantic relatedness can facilitate processing of post-verbal animate arguments that violate specific expectations based on real-world event/state Knowledge, but only when the semantic features of these arguments match the coarser-grained animacy restrictions of the verb. Animacy selection restriction violations also evoked a P600 effect, which was not modulated by semantic relatedness, suggesting that it was triggered by propositional impossibility. Together, these data indicate that the brain distinguishes between real-world event/state Knowledge and animacy-based selection restrictions during online processing.
Mihiko Niitsuma - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
spatial memory as an aid system for human activity in intelligent space
IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2007Co-Authors: Mihiko Niitsuma, Hideki HashimotoAbstract:This paper presents the spatial memory that aids human activities in a working environment. The spatial memory enables humans to store computerized information into the real world by assigning a 3-D position as the memory address. By storing computerized information into the real world, users can manipulate the information in similar ways as physical objects. Consequently, we can retrieve Stored Knowledge by indicating the point using our own arms, which we name "human indicator." This paper shows a prototype of the spatial memory system, which has potential to enhance desk work. The implemented system is evaluated through two types of experiments by using human subjects. Experimental results verify the efficiency and the effectiveness of our spatial memory framework based on a statistical test
-
An evaluation of spatial memory based on human performance
31st Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics Society 2005. IECON 2005., 2005Co-Authors: Mihiko Niitsuma, Hiroshi Hashimoto, Hideki HashimotoAbstract:This paper proposes the spatial memory which aids human activity in a working environment. The spatial memory regards three-dimensional space as mass storage of computers, i.e. three-dimensional point is treated as an address of Stored Knowledge such as various documents, images and commands for machines. Consequently, we can access a Stored Knowledge by indicating the point using our own arms, which we named "human indicator". In this paper, we implement a prototype of the spatial memory system which is supposed to be utilized for a desk work. The implemented system is evaluated from the viewpoint of human performances.
Matteo Valsecchi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Screen size matches of familiar images are biased by canonical size, rather than showing a memory size effect
Psychological Research, 2019Co-Authors: Matteo ValsecchiAbstract:Being confronted with the depiction of a familiar object activates a number of properties of the object that are Stored in memory. Memory properties such as color and size have been shown to interfere with the processing of the color and of the size of the depiction, so that that reaction times are longer when the color or size of the depiction are incongruent with the Stored Knowledge about the object. In the case of color, it is known that the memorized information also affects the appearance of the depiction, for example when a gray banana appears slightly yellow, a phenomenon known as memory color effect. Here, I tested whether a memory size effect also occurs. To this aim, I conducted one experiment where observers matched either the screen size or the real-world size of pairs of animals or vehicles. The results indicate that the screen matches are biased in the same direction as the real-world size matches, opposite of what would be predicted by a memory color effect. This result was replicated in a second experiment using a different and larger set of animal images. Overall, I confirm that observers cannot ignore the real-world size information when they attempt to match the screen size of two items, although this results in a bias towards the canonical size of the items, rather than in a memory size effect.
