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Zahava Solomon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Is acute Stress Reaction a risk factor for early mortality
Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology American Psychological Association, 2019Co-Authors: Zahava Solomon, Yafit Levin, Laura Crompton, Karni GinzburgAbstract:OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the role of combat Stress Reaction (CSR) in predicting all-cause mortality over a 33-year period following the end of the war. METHOD Two groups of male veterans from the 1982 Lebanon War participated in this study in 1983 (T1) and 2016 (T2): the CSR group (n = 375) and a matched comparison group (n = 305) consisting of combatants who had participated in combat in the same units as the CSR group but were not identified as having CSR. Participants were assessed for posttraumatic Stress disorder symptoms and depressive symptoms in T1 and mortality in T2. RESULTS The distribution of mortality rates was significantly different between the 2 groups and higher among the CSR group (n = 32, 8.5%) as compared to the comparison group (n = 12, 3.9%; χ2 = 5.89, p = .01). Both posttraumatic Stress disorder symptoms and depressive symptoms were controlled for because they have been shown to be risk factors for all-cause mortality. The mortality curve of the CSR group increased steeply around the age of 40 years, whereas in the comparison group, the increase was less substantial. CONCLUSIONS CSR was found to be a significant predictor of all-cause mortality. The risk for mortality was higher and earlier among the CSR group compared with the comparison group. The findings of this study call attention to the importance of immediately identifying CSR to better care for the individual and minimize long-term negative effects. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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the implication of combat induced Stress Reaction ptsd and attachment in parenting among war veterans
Journal of Family Psychology, 2011Co-Authors: Estee Cohen, Gadi Zerach, Zahava SolomonAbstract:This study examined parental functioning, parental satisfaction, and concern for offspring during their child's military service, among war veterans, some of whom suffered from acute combat-induced Stress Reaction (CSR) and posttraumatic Stress disorder (PTSD). In addition, we examined the additive and interactive contributions of CSR, PTSD and attachment dimensions to parenting measures. The sample consisted of 477 participants divided into two groups: a clinical group of veterans who had been diagnosed with CSR on the battlefield (N = 267), and a matched control group of veterans who did not suffer from CSR (NCSR; N = 210). CSR, PTSD, avoidant-attachment, and anxious-attachment, were all related to lower levels of parental functioning and satisfaction. Veterans who suffered from both CSR and PTSD reported more concern for their offspring during their child's military service compared to veterans with PTSD but without antecedent CSR. Attachment dimensions and specifically attachment-avoidance, made the greatest contribution to parenting measures, followed by posttraumatic symptoms. In addition, attachment-avoidance moderated the relationship between posttraumatic symptoms and parental functioning. Theoretical and clinical implications of these results are discussed.
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frontline treatment of combat Stress Reaction a 20 year longitudinal evaluation study
American Journal of Psychiatry, 2005Co-Authors: Zahava Solomon, Rami Shklar, Mario MikulincerAbstract:OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the long-term (20-year) effectiveness of frontline treatment provided to combat Stress Reaction casualties. METHOD: A longitudinal quasi-experimental design was employed. Participants were combat Stress Reaction casualties of the 1982 Lebanon War who received frontline treatment (N=79), comparable combat Stress Reaction casualties who did not receive frontline treatment (N=156), and matched soldiers who did not experience combat Stress Reaction (N=194). Subjects were asked which of the frontline treatment principles (proximity, immediacy, expectancy) were applied in their treatment, whether or not they returned to their unit after frontline treatment, and if so, whether they returned before or after they felt completely recovered. Outcome assessments included measures of posttraumatic and psychiatric symptoms and of social functioning. RESULTS: Twenty years after the war, traumatized soldiers who received frontline treatment had lower rates of posttrauma...
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combat Stress Reaction the enduring toll of war
1993Co-Authors: Zahava SolomonAbstract:In the Shadow of War. Sisters in Sorrow. Psychological Breakdown on the Battlefield. Naked on Dizengoff. Does the War End When the Shooting Stops? PTSD: The Inner Landscape. From Front Line to Home Front. If At First You Don't Succeed: Military Functioning on the Battlefield. Body and Soul. The Imprint of Trauma. Yet Once More: The Effect of Repeated Wars. Reactivation: Trauma Deepens Trauma. Is Delayed PTSD for Real? Fathers and Sons: The Transgenerational Impact of the Holocaust. Why Don't They Seek Treatment? The Silver Platter. Index.
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the clinical picture of acute combat Stress Reaction among israeli soldiers in the 1982 lebanon war
Military Medicine, 1991Co-Authors: Tuvia Yitzhaki, Zahava Solomon, Moshe KotlerAbstract:This study examined 100 randomly selected medical charts of Israeli psychiatric casualties of the 1982 Lebanon War in order to determine the clinical picture of combat Stress Reaction as recorded by clinicians on the battlefield. We found nine categories of symptoms. The most prevalent clinical picture (48% of cases) was polymorphic, followed by anxiety (13%) and labile states (11%). Only 41% of cases were mono-symptomatic and stable. Examination of the polymorphic and labile clinical pictures revealed that the most prominent symptomatology was anxiety and depression. In the labile states, the most widespread beginning symptom was anxiety and the most prevalent end state was found to be depression. These findings are discussed in light of reports from other wars.
Constantin R. Soldatos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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short term psychological impact on family members of intensive care unit patients
Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 2006Co-Authors: Th. Paparrigopoulos, Antigoni Melissaki, Anna Efthymiou, Hara Tsekou, Chrysoula Vadala, Georgia Kribeni, Elias Pavlou, Constantin R. SoldatosAbstract:Abstract Objective This study aimed to evaluate the short-term psychological impact on family members of intensive care unit (ICU) patients during their stay in the unit. Methods Thirty-two first-degree relatives of patients treated in the ICU of two general hospitals were investigated for symptoms of early posttraumatic Stress Reaction, anxiety, and depression. Patients' and relatives' sociodemographic data and information pertaining to the patients' ICU treatment were collected. Family members were assessed at intake and before discharge through the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Impact of Event Scale. Results High rates of anxiety, depressive (97%), and posttraumatic Stress (81%) symptoms were recorded at the initial assessment. Although symptoms remitted significantly, 87% and 59% of the sample fulfilled the criteria for a depressive and posttraumatic Stress Reaction, respectively, at the second assessment. Women exhibited higher levels of diStress and more persisting symptoms than men did. Trait anxiety was the most significant predictor (P Conclusions Family members of ICU patients exhibit high levels of diStress that persist throughout their relatives' hospitalization. Women and individuals with high trait anxiety are at increased risk for developing such Reactions. Severe early anxiety responses predicted the development of posttraumatic Stress symptoms. Early case identification and intervention may prevent the full development of posttraumatic Stress disorder.
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Early post-traumatic Stress disorder in relation to acute Stress Reaction: an ICD-10 study among help seekers following an earthquake.
Psychiatry Research-neuroimaging, 2006Co-Authors: Constantin R. Soldatos, Th. Paparrigopoulos, Dimitra A. Pappa, George N. ChristodoulouAbstract:Disaster research related to earthquakes has almost exclusively dealt with their long-term psychosocial impact; besides, diagnoses were previously based only on DSM criteria. Therefore, it is pertinent to assess Stress-related Reactions of earthquake victims during the early post-disaster period through the application of ICD-10 criteria. For the first 3 weeks following an earthquake, 102 help-seekers were assessed based on a checklist of sociodemographic variables and a semi-structured interview for the detection of acute Stress Reaction (ASR) and posttraumatic Stress disorder (PTSD) according to ICD-10. Forty-four subjects (43%) fulfilled the ICD-10 criteria for PTSD; all but one of them had suffered ASR. Moreover, among a series of potential predictors for PTSD, ASR was found to be the only significant one; this indicates a definite association between ASR and early development of PTSD. Logistic regression to predict group membership (PTSD/no PTSD) based on specific ASR symptoms showed that accelerated heart rate and feelings of derealization were the only significant predictors for early PTSD. Individuals who fulfill the ICD-10 diagnostic criteria for ASR following an earthquake are at high risk for subsequent occurrence of early PTSD. Increased heart rate and feelings of derealization within the first 48 h after the traumatic event appear to be the principal factors associated with the development of early PTSD. In addition to their potential value for timely prevention and treatment, these findings raise important nosological issues pertaining to the current diagnostic classification of Stress-related disorders (ICD-10 versus DSM-IV).
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Acute Stress Reaction among victims of the 1999 Athens earthquake:help seekers' profile
World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA), 2003Co-Authors: Georgios N Christodoulou, Th. Paparrigopoulos, Constantin R. SoldatosAbstract:Natural disasters adversely affect the lives of large populations, disrupt their social network, and result in an enormous economic damage; consequently, they constitute a major traumatic experience with ensuing psychopathology (1-5). In the case of earthquakes, this has been repeatedly documented by various groups of investigators (6-18). However, research has dealt primarily with the long-term psychosocial consequences of earthquakes (6-18), while their immediate psychological effects have not been systematically investigated. Yet, early psychological Reactions to Stressful life events might be a herald for the eventual development of posttraumatic Stress disorder (PTSD) (19,20), a frequently disabling and long-lasting condition. Earthquakes constitute a common type of natural disaster in Greece. This is because Greece is in an area of high seismic activity. The earthquake which struck the Athens metropolitan area on September 7, 1999 had a magnitude of 5.9 on the Richter scale and was the second strongest over the last twenty years; actually, in certain residential areas, it caused large material and considerable human casualties. The main earthquake was followed by many after-shocks of a smaller magnitude that lasted for about a couple of weeks. The death toll rose to 152; in addition, more than 25,000 individuals were evacuated, mainly in tents close to their place of residence, and a few more thousands moved permanently elsewhere. The main purpose of the present study was to assess the diagnosis of acute Stress Reaction according to the ICD-10 (21) criteria among individuals seeking help at a psychological support service for earthquake victims. An additional objective was to evaluate the effect of certain risk factors which may predispose to the development of acute Stress Reaction in disaster victims.
Th. Paparrigopoulos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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short term psychological impact on family members of intensive care unit patients
Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 2006Co-Authors: Th. Paparrigopoulos, Antigoni Melissaki, Anna Efthymiou, Hara Tsekou, Chrysoula Vadala, Georgia Kribeni, Elias Pavlou, Constantin R. SoldatosAbstract:Abstract Objective This study aimed to evaluate the short-term psychological impact on family members of intensive care unit (ICU) patients during their stay in the unit. Methods Thirty-two first-degree relatives of patients treated in the ICU of two general hospitals were investigated for symptoms of early posttraumatic Stress Reaction, anxiety, and depression. Patients' and relatives' sociodemographic data and information pertaining to the patients' ICU treatment were collected. Family members were assessed at intake and before discharge through the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Impact of Event Scale. Results High rates of anxiety, depressive (97%), and posttraumatic Stress (81%) symptoms were recorded at the initial assessment. Although symptoms remitted significantly, 87% and 59% of the sample fulfilled the criteria for a depressive and posttraumatic Stress Reaction, respectively, at the second assessment. Women exhibited higher levels of diStress and more persisting symptoms than men did. Trait anxiety was the most significant predictor (P Conclusions Family members of ICU patients exhibit high levels of diStress that persist throughout their relatives' hospitalization. Women and individuals with high trait anxiety are at increased risk for developing such Reactions. Severe early anxiety responses predicted the development of posttraumatic Stress symptoms. Early case identification and intervention may prevent the full development of posttraumatic Stress disorder.
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Early post-traumatic Stress disorder in relation to acute Stress Reaction: an ICD-10 study among help seekers following an earthquake.
Psychiatry Research-neuroimaging, 2006Co-Authors: Constantin R. Soldatos, Th. Paparrigopoulos, Dimitra A. Pappa, George N. ChristodoulouAbstract:Disaster research related to earthquakes has almost exclusively dealt with their long-term psychosocial impact; besides, diagnoses were previously based only on DSM criteria. Therefore, it is pertinent to assess Stress-related Reactions of earthquake victims during the early post-disaster period through the application of ICD-10 criteria. For the first 3 weeks following an earthquake, 102 help-seekers were assessed based on a checklist of sociodemographic variables and a semi-structured interview for the detection of acute Stress Reaction (ASR) and posttraumatic Stress disorder (PTSD) according to ICD-10. Forty-four subjects (43%) fulfilled the ICD-10 criteria for PTSD; all but one of them had suffered ASR. Moreover, among a series of potential predictors for PTSD, ASR was found to be the only significant one; this indicates a definite association between ASR and early development of PTSD. Logistic regression to predict group membership (PTSD/no PTSD) based on specific ASR symptoms showed that accelerated heart rate and feelings of derealization were the only significant predictors for early PTSD. Individuals who fulfill the ICD-10 diagnostic criteria for ASR following an earthquake are at high risk for subsequent occurrence of early PTSD. Increased heart rate and feelings of derealization within the first 48 h after the traumatic event appear to be the principal factors associated with the development of early PTSD. In addition to their potential value for timely prevention and treatment, these findings raise important nosological issues pertaining to the current diagnostic classification of Stress-related disorders (ICD-10 versus DSM-IV).
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Protracted acute Stress Reaction following an earthquake.
Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica, 2003Co-Authors: J. D. Bergiannaki, C. Psarros, E. Varsou, Th. Paparrigopoulos, C. R. SoldatosAbstract:Objective: To verify the official criteria of ICD-10 diagnosis of acute Stress Reaction (ASR) among earthquake victims. Method: Data on psychosocial variables and the diagnosis of ASR were collected from 91 subjects. Results: The diagnosis of ASR was made in 70% of the sample. However, the restrictive duration criterion (i.e. symptoms not exceeding the first 48 h) was fulfilled only in 10%; in the remaining 60% the symptoms lasted for about another week. Thus, 60% of the sample constituted a group with protracted ASR (PASR) and 40% a group without it (n-PASR). Medical history was more frequent among PASR than n-PASR; PASR showed higher anxiety levels (both pre- and post-disaster) than n-PASR; finally, the persistence of ASR related positively to the fear of death at the time of the earthquake and pre-disaster anxiety levels. Conclusion: As in the vast majority of earthquake victims the ASR is protracted beyond 48 h, a revision of ICD-10 guidelines should be considered.
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Acute Stress Reaction among victims of the 1999 Athens earthquake:help seekers' profile
World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA), 2003Co-Authors: Georgios N Christodoulou, Th. Paparrigopoulos, Constantin R. SoldatosAbstract:Natural disasters adversely affect the lives of large populations, disrupt their social network, and result in an enormous economic damage; consequently, they constitute a major traumatic experience with ensuing psychopathology (1-5). In the case of earthquakes, this has been repeatedly documented by various groups of investigators (6-18). However, research has dealt primarily with the long-term psychosocial consequences of earthquakes (6-18), while their immediate psychological effects have not been systematically investigated. Yet, early psychological Reactions to Stressful life events might be a herald for the eventual development of posttraumatic Stress disorder (PTSD) (19,20), a frequently disabling and long-lasting condition. Earthquakes constitute a common type of natural disaster in Greece. This is because Greece is in an area of high seismic activity. The earthquake which struck the Athens metropolitan area on September 7, 1999 had a magnitude of 5.9 on the Richter scale and was the second strongest over the last twenty years; actually, in certain residential areas, it caused large material and considerable human casualties. The main earthquake was followed by many after-shocks of a smaller magnitude that lasted for about a couple of weeks. The death toll rose to 152; in addition, more than 25,000 individuals were evacuated, mainly in tents close to their place of residence, and a few more thousands moved permanently elsewhere. The main purpose of the present study was to assess the diagnosis of acute Stress Reaction according to the ICD-10 (21) criteria among individuals seeking help at a psychological support service for earthquake victims. An additional objective was to evaluate the effect of certain risk factors which may predispose to the development of acute Stress Reaction in disaster victims.
David Spiegel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Psychometric properties of the Stanford Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire (SASRQ): A valid and reliable measure of acute Stress
Journal of traumatic stress, 2000Co-Authors: Etzel Cardeña, Cheryl Koopman, Catherine C. Classen, Lynn C. Waelde, David SpiegelAbstract:A reliable and valid measure is needed for assessing the psychological symptoms experienced in the aftermath of a traumatic event. Previous research suggests that trauma victims typically experience dissociative, anxiety and other symptoms, during or shortly after a traumatic event. Although some of these symptoms may protect the trauma victim from pain, they may also lead to acute Stress, posttraumatic Stress, or other disorders. The Stanford Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire (SASRQ) was developed to evaluate anxiety and dissociation symptoms in the aftermath of traumatic events, following DSM-IV criteria for acute Stress disorder. We present data from multiple datasets and analyses supporting the reliability and construct, convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity of the SASRQ.
Douglas J Bremner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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association between mental Stress induced inferior frontal cortex activation and angina in coronary artery disease
Circulation-cardiovascular Imaging, 2020Co-Authors: Kasra Moazzami, Matthew T Wittbrodt, Mhmtjamil Alkhalaf, Bruno B Lima, Jonathon A Nye, Puja K Mehta, Arshed A Quyyumi, Viola Vaccarino, Douglas J BremnerAbstract:Background: The inferior frontal lobe is an important area of the brain involved in the Stress response, and higher activation with acute mental Stress may indicate a more severe Stress Reaction. H...
