The Experts below are selected from a list of 198 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Peter Braunig - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pilocarpine induced motor rhythms in the isolated locust Suboesophageal Ganglion
The Journal of Experimental Biology, 1997Co-Authors: Georg F. Rast, Peter BraunigAbstract:Rhythmic activity was recorded from the mandibular motor nerves after treating isolated locust Suboesophageal ganglia with the muscarinic agonist pilocarpine. The rhythmic motor pattern consisted of alternating bursts of activity in the antagonistic mandibular opener and closer motoneurones on each side and was synchronised in contralateral homologues. This pattern closely resembled the activity recorded from mandibular muscles in intact feeding locusts. The chewing frequency, however, was approximately three times higher in intact insects than the frequency of the motor pattern recorded from isolated ganglia. Serotonergic neurosecretory cells showed activity synchronous with the pilocarpine-evoked motor pattern. Similarly, rhythmic activity of the motoneurones innervating the two mandibular muscle receptor organs was synchronised with the mandibular motor pattern.
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morphology of locust neurosecretory cells projecting into the nervus corporis allati ii of the Suboesophageal Ganglion
Microscopy Research and Technique, 1996Co-Authors: Peter Braunig, Christine Bohme, Brigitte StauferAbstract:The morphology of neurosecretory cells that project from the Suboesophageal Ganglion into the retrocerebral complex via the Nervus corporis allati II (NCA II) was studied in the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria, using backfilling techniques and intracellular staining. There are two populations of cells located ventrally in the Ganglion: an anterior group of four larger cells, and a posterior group of up to 22 smaller cells. Apart from cell body size and position, members of both cell groups have almost all features in common. They show long-lasting soma spikes with large amplitudes typical for arthropod neurosecretory cells. Their dendritic arborisations are found in the same regions of the neuropile. Both types project into the corpora cardiaca and an additional putative neurohaemal region associated with posterior pharyngeal dilator muscles. The axons of the cells bypass the corpora allata, but frequently form putative release sites on the surface of nerve branches in the vicinity of these glands. Finally, using double-labelling techniques, both anterior and posterior cells are shown to be identical with immunoreactive Suboesophageal Ganglion cells detected in previous studies using antisera directed against either bovine pancreatic polypeptide (BPP) or locustamyotropin II (Lom-MT-II). © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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activity pattern of Suboesophageal Ganglion cells innervating the salivary glands of the locust locusta migratoria
Journal of Comparative Physiology A-neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology, 1995Co-Authors: Joachim Schachtner, Peter BraunigAbstract:The salivary gland of the locust, Locusta migratoria, is innervated from the Suboesophageal Ganglion by two neurones, SN1 and SN2 which innervate the gland via the salivary gland nerve (nerve 7B of the Suboesophageal Ganglion). In addition, like most other peripheral nerves of the head, this nerve carries on its outer surface axons and neurohaemal terminal ramifications of the so called satellite nervous system, established by a group of neurosecretory cells also located in the Suboesophageal Ganglion. These superficial collaterals ramify over the nerve from its origin in the head to its terminals within the gland in the thoracic segments.
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a Suboesophageal Ganglion cell innervates heart and retrocerebral glandular complex in the locust
The Journal of Experimental Biology, 1991Co-Authors: Peter BraunigAbstract:The Suboesophageal Ganglion of the migratory locust Locusta migratoria contains a pair of large neurosecretory cells located posteriorly, close to the sagittal plane. By means of double labelling, it is shown that the cells are immunoreactive to bovine pancreatic polypeptide. Using a combination of electrophysiological, neuroanatomical and immunocytochemical methods, it is shown that the neurones project into the corpora cardiaca with ascending anterior axons and into the lateral cardiac nerve cords with posterior axons that descend into the thoracic and abdominal nerve cord.
Okitsugu Yamashita - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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molecular cloning and characterization of cdnas encoding dopamine receptor 1 and 2 from brain Suboesophageal Ganglion of the silkworm bombyx mori
Insect Molecular Biology, 2008Co-Authors: Kanako Mitsumasu, Kiyoshi Asaoka, Hiroto Ohta, Kazuko Tsuchihara, Yoshihisa Ozoe, Teruyuki Niimi, Okitsugu Yamashita, Toshinobu YaginumaAbstract:In order to better understand the relationship between dopamine and the release of diapause hormone into the blood, we cloned and characterized cDNAs encoding Bombyx mori dopamine receptor-1 and -2 (BmDopR1 and 2) from the pupal brain-Suboesophageal Ganglion. BmDopR1 and 2 had high similarities to group 1 (Drosophila melanogaster DOP1 and Apis mellifera DOP1) and group 2 (D. melanogaster DopR99B, A. mellifera DOP2 and Papilio xuthus DOP1), respectively. When BmDopR1 and 2 were expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells, they responded to dopamine by increasing intracellular cAMP levels, thus indicating the presence of D1-like receptors. There were no clear differences in BmDopR1 and 2 mRNA levels between brain-Suboesophageal Ganglion complexes of diapause and nondiapause egg producers during pupal-adult development. BmDopR1 and 2 mRNAs were concentrated in the mushroom body calyx rather than in the Suboesophageal Ganglion. Taking into account the results of earlier experiments on excised regions corresponding to mushroom bodies, BmDopR1 and 2 in the mushroom body apparently play a role in the release of diapause hormone.
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neurosecretory cells expressing the gene for common precursor for diapause hormone and pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide in the Suboesophageal Ganglion of the silkworm bombyx mori
General and Comparative Endocrinology, 1994Co-Authors: Yukihiro Sato, M Ikeda, Okitsugu YamashitaAbstract:Diapause hormone (DH) is a neurohormone which is secreted from Suboesophageal Ganglion (SG) and responsible for induction of embryonic diapause in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. DH is generated along with four other functionally different neuropeptides including pheromone biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide from the common polyprotein precursor, DH-PBAN (DHP), which is translated by a single species of mRNA. In this paper, the site of the gene expression was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization using cDNA probe. The transcript of the DHP gene was found in SG of pupae and pharate adults, but no positive sign was detected in other tissues such as brain, thoracic ganglia, abdominal ganglia, and midgut. In situ hybridization with the cDNA clearly stained 12 cells near the ventral midline of SG which were aggregated into three clusters. The clusters were respectively localized in the mandibular, maximally, and labial neuromere of SG. The similar staining profile was observed in the SG cells at the larval, pupal, and adult stages, indicating that the DHP gene is expressed in the same set of cells throughout the postembryonic development.
Toshinobu Yaginuma - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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molecular cloning and characterization of cdnas encoding dopamine receptor 1 and 2 from brain Suboesophageal Ganglion of the silkworm bombyx mori
Insect Molecular Biology, 2008Co-Authors: Kanako Mitsumasu, Kiyoshi Asaoka, Hiroto Ohta, Kazuko Tsuchihara, Yoshihisa Ozoe, Teruyuki Niimi, Okitsugu Yamashita, Toshinobu YaginumaAbstract:In order to better understand the relationship between dopamine and the release of diapause hormone into the blood, we cloned and characterized cDNAs encoding Bombyx mori dopamine receptor-1 and -2 (BmDopR1 and 2) from the pupal brain-Suboesophageal Ganglion. BmDopR1 and 2 had high similarities to group 1 (Drosophila melanogaster DOP1 and Apis mellifera DOP1) and group 2 (D. melanogaster DopR99B, A. mellifera DOP2 and Papilio xuthus DOP1), respectively. When BmDopR1 and 2 were expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells, they responded to dopamine by increasing intracellular cAMP levels, thus indicating the presence of D1-like receptors. There were no clear differences in BmDopR1 and 2 mRNA levels between brain-Suboesophageal Ganglion complexes of diapause and nondiapause egg producers during pupal-adult development. BmDopR1 and 2 mRNAs were concentrated in the mushroom body calyx rather than in the Suboesophageal Ganglion. Taking into account the results of earlier experiments on excised regions corresponding to mushroom bodies, BmDopR1 and 2 in the mushroom body apparently play a role in the release of diapause hormone.
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isolation and structure of diapause hormone of the silkworm bombyx mori
Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Ser. B: Physical and Biological Sciences, 1991Co-Authors: Kunio Imai, Takamichi Konno, Yoshitaka Nakazawa, Takashi Komiya, Minoru Isobe, Kazushi Koga, Toshio Goto, Toshinobu Yaginuma, Kiyoshi Sakakibara, K HasegawaAbstract:The embryonic diapause of the silkworm, Bombyx mori is induced by a neuropeptide hormone, diapause hormone, which is secreted from the Suboesophageal Ganglion. About 55, 000 complexes of the Suboesophageal Ganglion and the first thoracic Ganglion were dissected out from day 1 pupae of silkworms. The hormone was extracted with hot water and purified by a reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography on a TSK gel octadecyl-4PW column. The second chromatography gave a single symmetric peak and the isolated hormone induced diapause in 20% eggs at a dose of 1.5ng/pupa. Diapause hormone has 24 amino acid residues and a molecular weight of 2645. The synthesized peptide with a carboxyl terminal as amide form exhibited the same behavior on HPLC and similar activity as the natural hormone.
Ian Orchard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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immunohistochemical localization of tyrosine hydroxylase in the ventral nerve cord of the stick insect carausius morosus including neurons innervating the salivary glands
Cell and Tissue Research, 1996Co-Authors: Ian OrchardAbstract:The distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase-like immunoreactive neurons is mapped in the ventral nerve cord of the stick insect, Carausius morosus. This study also examines the tyrosine hydroxylase- and serotonin-like immunoreactive elements in the salivary glands of Carausius morosus. Tyrosine hydroxylase is the first and rate-limiting enzyme in the pathway for the production of catecholamines; therefore, tyrosine hydroxylase-like immunoreactive neurons are likely to contain catecholamines. Approximately 225 tyrosine hydroxylase-like immunoreactive neurons are present in the ventral nerve cord. The majority of these neurons appear to be interneurons. The Suboesophageal Ganglion contains the only unpaired neuron and the only pair of peripherally projecting tyrosine hydroxylase-like immunoreactive neurons in the ventral nerve cord. The peripherally projecting neurons project to the salivary glands via the salivary nerve. Each neuron in this pair is termed the salivary neuron 1. The remaining tyrosine hydroxylase-like immunoreactive neurons in the ventral nerve cord are interneurons and exhibit a characteristic distribution within the thoracic and the abdominal ganglia. Serotoninlike immunoreactivity is also present in the salivary glands. Positive staining of the Suboesophageal Ganglion for serotoninlike immunoreactivity indicates the presence of several neuron pairs including a large pair along the ventral posterior midline that project to the salivary glands via the salivary nerve. Each neuron in this pair is termed the salivary neuron 2. Backfilling of the salivary nerve with cobalt chloride reveals the presence of only two neurons within the Suboesophageal Ganglion that project to the salivary glands; these neurons are the salivary neurons 1 and 2. Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrochemical detection of ventral nerve cord and salivary gland homogenates confirms the presence of dopamine and serotonin.
K Hasegawa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Structure of neurosecretory cells with immunoreactive diapause hormone and pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide in the silkworm, Bombyx mori
Zoological Science, 1995Co-Authors: T. Ichikawa, Kenji Katsuno, I. Shimizu, H Kataoka, K Hasegawa, Akito SuzukiAbstract:Immunocytochemistry of diapause hormone (DH) or pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN) revealed three clusters of neurosecretory cells present on the ventral midline of the Suboesophageal Ganglion (SG) of the silkworm: there were 4 cells in the anterior, 6 cells in the medial, and 2 cells in the posterior cluster. Intracellular injection of Lucifer Yellow into an anterior or a medial cell revealed that the cell has a dendritic arborization at the anterior region of the SG and that it projects an axon to the corpus cardiacum (CC) via a branch of the maxillary nerve and an associated nerve of the CC (NCC-V). A dye filled posterior cell in the larva projects bilaterally-symmetric dendritic branches to the anterior half of the SG that is to expand laterally to fuse the brain after pupation. The axon of the cell, passing through the brain, enters the NCC3 to spread varicose terminal branches in the CC and associated nerves of the CC.
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isolation and structure of diapause hormone of the silkworm bombyx mori
Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Ser. B: Physical and Biological Sciences, 1991Co-Authors: Kunio Imai, Takamichi Konno, Yoshitaka Nakazawa, Takashi Komiya, Minoru Isobe, Kazushi Koga, Toshio Goto, Toshinobu Yaginuma, Kiyoshi Sakakibara, K HasegawaAbstract:The embryonic diapause of the silkworm, Bombyx mori is induced by a neuropeptide hormone, diapause hormone, which is secreted from the Suboesophageal Ganglion. About 55, 000 complexes of the Suboesophageal Ganglion and the first thoracic Ganglion were dissected out from day 1 pupae of silkworms. The hormone was extracted with hot water and purified by a reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography on a TSK gel octadecyl-4PW column. The second chromatography gave a single symmetric peak and the isolated hormone induced diapause in 20% eggs at a dose of 1.5ng/pupa. Diapause hormone has 24 amino acid residues and a molecular weight of 2645. The synthesized peptide with a carboxyl terminal as amide form exhibited the same behavior on HPLC and similar activity as the natural hormone.
