The Experts below are selected from a list of 273 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
P A Obrien - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
stimulation of synthesis and release of swainosonine from transformed roots of Swainsona galegifolia
Phytochemistry, 1994Co-Authors: T M Ermayanti, Jennifer A Mccomb, P A ObrienAbstract:Transformed root cultures of Swainsona galegifolia were established for swainsonine production. Stimulation of production of swainsonine and its release into the culture medium was achieved using copper sulphate, reduction of medium pH and supply of swainsonine precursors. The yield of control cultures (0.3 g of roots grown in 15 ml medium for 30 days) was 79 μg swainsonine with only a trace of swainsonine in the medium. After treatment with 1 mM copper sulphate for two days before harvest on day 30, 155 μg of swainsonine was produced, of which 14.3 μg was in the medium. Reduction of medium pH from 5.7 to 2.7 for one day before harvest resulted in 159 μg of swainsonine (47 μg in the medium). Supplementation with 2 mM malonic acid for 12 days before harvest resulted in 187 μg total swainsonine (34 μg in the medium), while 2 mM pipecolic acid for six days before harvest gave the highest swainsonine yield (220 μg total, 43 μg in the medium). The increased yields were achieved through small increases in biomass, as well as increases in the level of swainsonine synthesis.
-
growth and swainsonine production of Swainsona galegifolia andr r br untransformed and transformed root cultures
Journal of Experimental Botany, 1994Co-Authors: T M Ermayanti, J A Mccomb, P A ObrienAbstract:Untransformed and transformed root cultures of Swainsona galegifolla were established for swainsonine production. Transformed roots grew faster and produced higher swainsonine levels (62.3 μg g−1 DW) than untransformed roots (23.6 ,μg g−1 DW) or roots of intact plants (8.7 μg g−1 DW). Transformation of a number of plant genotypes using A. rhizogenes strain LBA 9402 showed that plant genotype Influences swainsonine level in transformed roots but that a wide range of swainsonine levels can be induced by separate transformation events in the same genotype. Enhancement of swainsonine production was attempted by treatment with sugars and induction of polyploid roots.
-
cytological analysis of seedling roots transformed root cultures and roots regenerated from callus of Swainsona galegifolia andr r br
Journal of Experimental Botany, 1993Co-Authors: T M Ermayanti, J A Mccomb, P A ObrienAbstract:The stability of chromosome number was investigated in cultures of roots from Swainsona galegifolia. Roots from germinated seeds or plants grown in vitro when cultured in liquid medium showed 90% or more cells with the diploid number of 2n=32. The remaining cells showed aneuploidy mostly below 32. The stability of chromosome numbers was not affected by transformation with Agrobacterium rhizogenes although when roots were transformed with A. rhizogenes LBA 9042 the range of chromosome numbers in the few aneuploid cells present was higher than in roots for which strain A4 was used
-
cytological analysis of seedling roots transformed root cultures and roots regenerated from callus of Swainsona galegifolia and r r br
Ermayanti T.M. McComb J.A. and O'Brien P.A., 1993Co-Authors: T M Ermayanti, J A Mccomb, P A ObrienAbstract:The stability of chromosome number was investigated in cultures of roots from Swainsona galegifolia. Roots from germinated seeds or plants grown in vitro when cultured in liquid medium howed 90% or more cells with the diploid number of 2n = 32. The remaining cells showed aneuploidy mostly below 32. The stability of chromosome numbers was not affected by transformation with Agrobacterium rhizogenes although when roots were transformed with A. rhizogenes LB 9042 the range of chromosome numbers in the few aneuploid cells present was higher than in roots for which strain A4 was used. In contrast, roots regenerated from callus had only 1·5% of cells with 2n = 32 and showed a modal number of 18. Six root cultures established from individual roots regenerated from callus showed a wide variation in number (8-83). Five cultures had a modal number around 18, the sixth, a modal number of 39 which is above the diploid number. The implication of the results for the production of secondary metabolites from root culture is discussed.
T M Ermayanti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
genetic transformation of Swainsona galegifolia darling pea
1999Co-Authors: T M ErmayantiAbstract:Swainsona galegifolia (Andr.) R. Br. (syn. S. coronillifolia Salisb.), called Darling pea or Smooth Darling pea, grows in Queensland and New South Wales (Anonymous 1981; Everist 1981). It is a shrubby perennial species which has small pinnate leaves about 10cm long and in November has white, or pink to purple flowers. S. galegifolia is placed in the tribe Galegeae, of the family Fabaceae (Pohill and Raven 1981).
-
growth and swainsonine production of Swainsona galegifolia andr r br untransformed and transformed root cultures
Journal of Experimental Botany, 1994Co-Authors: T M Ermayanti, J A Mccomb, P A ObrienAbstract:Untransformed and transformed root cultures of Swainsona galegifolla were established for swainsonine production. Transformed roots grew faster and produced higher swainsonine levels (62.3 μg g−1 DW) than untransformed roots (23.6 ,μg g−1 DW) or roots of intact plants (8.7 μg g−1 DW). Transformation of a number of plant genotypes using A. rhizogenes strain LBA 9402 showed that plant genotype Influences swainsonine level in transformed roots but that a wide range of swainsonine levels can be induced by separate transformation events in the same genotype. Enhancement of swainsonine production was attempted by treatment with sugars and induction of polyploid roots.
-
stimulation of synthesis and release of swainosonine from transformed roots of Swainsona galegifolia
Phytochemistry, 1994Co-Authors: T M Ermayanti, Jennifer A Mccomb, P A ObrienAbstract:Transformed root cultures of Swainsona galegifolia were established for swainsonine production. Stimulation of production of swainsonine and its release into the culture medium was achieved using copper sulphate, reduction of medium pH and supply of swainsonine precursors. The yield of control cultures (0.3 g of roots grown in 15 ml medium for 30 days) was 79 μg swainsonine with only a trace of swainsonine in the medium. After treatment with 1 mM copper sulphate for two days before harvest on day 30, 155 μg of swainsonine was produced, of which 14.3 μg was in the medium. Reduction of medium pH from 5.7 to 2.7 for one day before harvest resulted in 159 μg of swainsonine (47 μg in the medium). Supplementation with 2 mM malonic acid for 12 days before harvest resulted in 187 μg total swainsonine (34 μg in the medium), while 2 mM pipecolic acid for six days before harvest gave the highest swainsonine yield (220 μg total, 43 μg in the medium). The increased yields were achieved through small increases in biomass, as well as increases in the level of swainsonine synthesis.
-
cytological analysis of seedling roots transformed root cultures and roots regenerated from callus of Swainsona galegifolia andr r br
Journal of Experimental Botany, 1993Co-Authors: T M Ermayanti, J A Mccomb, P A ObrienAbstract:The stability of chromosome number was investigated in cultures of roots from Swainsona galegifolia. Roots from germinated seeds or plants grown in vitro when cultured in liquid medium showed 90% or more cells with the diploid number of 2n=32. The remaining cells showed aneuploidy mostly below 32. The stability of chromosome numbers was not affected by transformation with Agrobacterium rhizogenes although when roots were transformed with A. rhizogenes LBA 9042 the range of chromosome numbers in the few aneuploid cells present was higher than in roots for which strain A4 was used
-
cytological analysis of seedling roots transformed root cultures and roots regenerated from callus of Swainsona galegifolia and r r br
Ermayanti T.M. McComb J.A. and O'Brien P.A., 1993Co-Authors: T M Ermayanti, J A Mccomb, P A ObrienAbstract:The stability of chromosome number was investigated in cultures of roots from Swainsona galegifolia. Roots from germinated seeds or plants grown in vitro when cultured in liquid medium howed 90% or more cells with the diploid number of 2n = 32. The remaining cells showed aneuploidy mostly below 32. The stability of chromosome numbers was not affected by transformation with Agrobacterium rhizogenes although when roots were transformed with A. rhizogenes LB 9042 the range of chromosome numbers in the few aneuploid cells present was higher than in roots for which strain A4 was used. In contrast, roots regenerated from callus had only 1·5% of cells with 2n = 32 and showed a modal number of 18. Six root cultures established from individual roots regenerated from callus showed a wide variation in number (8-83). Five cultures had a modal number around 18, the sixth, a modal number of 39 which is above the diploid number. The implication of the results for the production of secondary metabolites from root culture is discussed.
Zulkarnain Zulkarnain - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Towards Sterile Plant Production in Sturt’s Desert Pea (Swainsona formosa) via Anther Culture
2020Co-Authors: Zulkarnain Zulkarnain, Acram Taji, Nalamilli PrakashAbstract:Sturt’s Desert Pea, Swainsona formosa, (G.Don) J.Thompson, is a legume native to Australia with a vibrant colour of flowers. The economic importance of this plant is in its ornamental use in hanging baskets and containers or for cut flowers both in Australia and abroad. The production of a large amount of pollen grains in the flower is a major impediment in the commercialisation of this plant. Petal staining by pollen as well as self-pollination during transport reduces the quality of flowers. Producing sterile plants via anther culture is, therefore, the focus of present work. Anthers from floral buds approximately 1.3 – 1.5 cm long were obtained from glasshouse grown plants. After surface sterilisation in 70% ethanol for 10 seconds anthers were dissected out of the buds and their filaments were removed. The anthers were cultured on B5 medium supplemented with vitamins and 2% sucrose. The effect of media types (solid, liquid, paper bridges), light spectra [white (390-760nm); blue (450-550nm); green (492-550nm); yellow (550-588nm); red (647-770nm); and darkness], microspore developmental stages (mother cell – microspores) and plant growth regulators (auxins + cytokinins) were investigated. Androgenesis was not achieved in any of the treatments applied or at any developmental stage tested. Callus was produced on anthers when media were supplemented with plant growth regulators. The type, concentration and combination of plant growth regulators affected colour and texture of calli. The calli ranged from nodular and compact to spongy and friable with a wide range of colours. In subsequent subculturing of calli only those cultured on indole butyric acid and kinetin produced shoots or roots, but these cultures degenerated within 8 weeks of subculture. Work in progress is aimed at determining the effect of anther pre-treatment in haploid plant production, as well as the causes of culture decline in Sturt’s Desert Pea.
-
the detection of the time of conversion from vegetative to reproductive growth in Swainsona formosa fabaceae
Jurnal Agroecotania : Publikasi Nasional Ilmu Budidaya Pertanian, 2018Co-Authors: Zulkarnain ZulkarnainAbstract:The induction of chromosome doubling using antimitotic chemical will only be effective when the substance is applied at vegetative growth phase, as it works only during mitotic division within cells of actively growing tissues. Therefore, this investigation was carried out to determine the precise conversion time from vegetative into reproductive growth stage, that in turn can be used as a reliable reference for the application of antimitotic chemicals in doubling the chromosome number in Swainsona formosa. The conversion from vegetative to reproductive growth in Swainsona formosa was successfully determined with particular emphasis on the effect of different photoperiods. Although photoperiod affected the time required for first flower initiation, the number of nodes before the plant entering the reproductive stage was not affected by photoperiod and presumed to be set genetically. It was found that under artificial photoperiods of 16, 12 and 8 hours the 12th and 11th nodes were the critical nodes for the main and side stems, respectively. Meanwhile the 10th and 8th nodes were found to be critical for main and side stems of plants grown under natural photoperiods ranging from 12 to 16 hours during their life cycle. Histological examination indicated that when the plants were grown under 12 – 16 hours photoperiods the first floral bud formation was initiated within 56 – 60 days after germination, thus this period was considered as the critical time for the conversion from vegetative to reproductive growth in S. formosa. Keywords: Sturt’s desert pea, legume, ornamental plant, plant breeding.
-
proline a biochemical indicator for the embryogenic potential of Swainsona formosa callus
2005Co-Authors: Zulkarnain Zulkarnain, Jennifer Smith, Acram TajiAbstract:An experiment was conducted to determine the association between endogenous proline and the embryogenic potential of callus mass proliferated from the anther wall tissue of Swainsonia formosa. Callus proliferation was initiated from anthers containing microspores at early- to late-uninucleate stages pre-treated with water or mannitol starvation at 4 oC for 2 days, and cultured on a double-phase B5 medium supplemented with vitamins, 2% sucrose and 49.3 μM IBA and 4.61 μM zeatin. Ficoll-400 was added at 5 to 20% (w/v) concentrations to enhance embryogenic callus formation. After 4 weeks in total darkness, cultures were placed under cool fluorescent light with an intensity of 50 μmol m-2 s-1 for a 16 hour photoperiod at 25 1 oC. Somatic embryos were successfully regenerated from embryogenic callus. Non-embryogenic callus continued to grow, and resulted in further callus proliferation when transferred to a regeneration medium supplemented with 1% sucrose and 4.63 μM kinetin. Microscopic observation combined with amino acid analysis of callus tissue using ethanol extraction and sulphosalicylic acid provided strong evidence that embryogenic potential was correlated with endogenous proline content; embryogenic callus contained proline whereas proline was absent in non-embryogenic callus. This suggests that proline quantification may provide an effective biochemical method to assess the embryogenic, and/or proline my be used to improve embryogenic potential of callus mass.
-
callus induction and subsequent organ formation from anthers of Swainsona formosa cultured in vitro
Jurnal Agroland (Indonesia), 2004Co-Authors: Zulkarnain ZulkarnainAbstract:Present work was aimed at investigating the effect of IAA or IBA in combination with BA, kinetin, 2iP or zeatin at different concentrations on callus proliferation and subsequent organ formation from anther culture of Swainsona formosa. Cultures were incubated at 25 ± 1oC and 16/8 h photoperiod and light intensity of 50 µmol m-2 s-1. The results indicated that IAA at 5.71 µM or 57.1 µM in combination with 44.4 µM BA produced the highest callus formation (26%). Meanwhile, with the use of IBA the highest callus formation (38%) was obtained on 49.3 µM IBA + 0.44 µM BA. Embryogenic callus were subcultured onto a new medium with or without growth regulators, and environmental conditions similar to those of callus induction stage. Following two weeks of culture, callus grown on the hormone-free medium showed no further growth, turned chlorotic and died. Callus subcultured onto medium containing IBA + kinetin produced agglomerates of green small shoots without root, or produced roots without shoot. These shoots, however, were hyperhydrated, necrotic or chlorotic, and eventually died after 16 weeks in culture. Some of roots were short and thick with no root hairs, and grew from within callus mass. Meanwhile, callus grown on medium supplemented with IBA + zeatin showed only further callus growth.
-
pengaruh ficoll dan pra perlakuan stres terhadap embriogenesis somatik pada kultur antera Swainsona formosa
2004Co-Authors: Zulkarnain ZulkarnainAbstract:One of the impediments to the commercialisation of Sturt’s desert pea (Swainsona formosa) as a cut flower is the release of large amounts of pollen grains during anther dehiscence. These pollen grains may stain the petals and so reduce the quality of the flowers. In addition, self-pollination can occur during transportation causing flowers to degenerate quickly. This project was undertaken with the objective to investigate strategies to overcome such problems through an in vitro approach by anther culture. The objective of the project was to induce the regeneration of pollenless haploid plants. Of the variables tested, pre-treating the anthers with mannitol starvation at 4oC followed by introduction to a double-phase medium supplemented with Ficoll-400 were found to enhance callus proliferation. Embryogenic callus was produced and embryogenesis was detected but these embryos did not originate from microspores. Instead, the embryos grew from sporophytic tissue of the anther wall. The embryos failed to develop further when subcultured to root and shoot induction medium due to a high frequency of hyperhydration. Morphogenesis was detected but shoots and roots developed poorly.
Acram Taji - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Towards Sterile Plant Production in Sturt’s Desert Pea (Swainsona formosa) via Anther Culture
2020Co-Authors: Zulkarnain Zulkarnain, Acram Taji, Nalamilli PrakashAbstract:Sturt’s Desert Pea, Swainsona formosa, (G.Don) J.Thompson, is a legume native to Australia with a vibrant colour of flowers. The economic importance of this plant is in its ornamental use in hanging baskets and containers or for cut flowers both in Australia and abroad. The production of a large amount of pollen grains in the flower is a major impediment in the commercialisation of this plant. Petal staining by pollen as well as self-pollination during transport reduces the quality of flowers. Producing sterile plants via anther culture is, therefore, the focus of present work. Anthers from floral buds approximately 1.3 – 1.5 cm long were obtained from glasshouse grown plants. After surface sterilisation in 70% ethanol for 10 seconds anthers were dissected out of the buds and their filaments were removed. The anthers were cultured on B5 medium supplemented with vitamins and 2% sucrose. The effect of media types (solid, liquid, paper bridges), light spectra [white (390-760nm); blue (450-550nm); green (492-550nm); yellow (550-588nm); red (647-770nm); and darkness], microspore developmental stages (mother cell – microspores) and plant growth regulators (auxins + cytokinins) were investigated. Androgenesis was not achieved in any of the treatments applied or at any developmental stage tested. Callus was produced on anthers when media were supplemented with plant growth regulators. The type, concentration and combination of plant growth regulators affected colour and texture of calli. The calli ranged from nodular and compact to spongy and friable with a wide range of colours. In subsequent subculturing of calli only those cultured on indole butyric acid and kinetin produced shoots or roots, but these cultures degenerated within 8 weeks of subculture. Work in progress is aimed at determining the effect of anther pre-treatment in haploid plant production, as well as the causes of culture decline in Sturt’s Desert Pea.
-
role of proanthocyanidins in resistance of the legume Swainsona formosa to phytophthora cinnamomi
Journal of Phytopathology, 2010Co-Authors: Naser Panjehkeh, Acram Taji, D. BackhouseAbstract:Reduced flower pigmentation in the legume Swainsona formosa is associated with increased susceptibility to Phytophthora cinnamomi and other soil-borne pathogens. This study aimed to identify the mechanism for these differences in susceptibility. Chemical analyses of stem tissues that had been previously inoculated with P. cinnamomi revealed that neither anthocyanin nor total phenolic content increased with infection. Such results suggested that observed differences in susceptibility, as indicated by flower colour, were related to preformed rather than induced stem chemistry. Acetone extracts from healthy, uninfected stem tissues of a red-flowered line were highly toxic to the fungus, while extracts from a white-flowered line were non-toxic and those from a pink-flowered line were intermediate in toxicity and this was correlated with the total phenolic and proanthocyanidin concentration of the extracts. Precipitation of proanthocyanidins with bovine serum albumen removed the toxicity of the extracts. It was concluded that differences in the proanthocyanidin content of tissues contributed to the differences in disease susceptibility of plants with different flower colours.
-
floral ontogeny of Swainsona formosa fabaceae faboideae galegeae
Australian Journal of Botany, 2007Co-Authors: T Tapingkae, Acram Taji, Paul KristiansenAbstract:Swainsona formosa (G.Don) J.Thompson (Sturt's desert pea) is used in commercial floriculture for cut flowers and ornamental pot plants; however, accurate identification of the growth stages is critically important in making management decisions in floricultural crops. This plant was investigated by stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to identify flowering time and stages of floral development. This is the first work to describe the complete floral ontogeny in a member of tribe Galegeae. Conversion from vegetative to reproductive stages began within 40-46 days after seed germination for axillary branches and within 46-52 days for central stems. Plants required 807.5 days ◦ C growing degree-days for axillary branches and 921.5 days ◦ C for central stems to reach 50% flowering. The central stem grew more nodes (11.1 ± 0.97 nodes) before the initiation of the first flower than did the axillary branches (7.2 ± 0.93 nodes). The order of floral organ initiation within each whorl is unidirectional, except for the petal whorl, which is simultaneous; the flower is organised into five whorls and shows a pentamerous arrangement of sepals and petals, 10 stamens in two whorls and a central carpel.
-
proline a biochemical indicator for the embryogenic potential of Swainsona formosa callus
2005Co-Authors: Zulkarnain Zulkarnain, Jennifer Smith, Acram TajiAbstract:An experiment was conducted to determine the association between endogenous proline and the embryogenic potential of callus mass proliferated from the anther wall tissue of Swainsonia formosa. Callus proliferation was initiated from anthers containing microspores at early- to late-uninucleate stages pre-treated with water or mannitol starvation at 4 oC for 2 days, and cultured on a double-phase B5 medium supplemented with vitamins, 2% sucrose and 49.3 μM IBA and 4.61 μM zeatin. Ficoll-400 was added at 5 to 20% (w/v) concentrations to enhance embryogenic callus formation. After 4 weeks in total darkness, cultures were placed under cool fluorescent light with an intensity of 50 μmol m-2 s-1 for a 16 hour photoperiod at 25 1 oC. Somatic embryos were successfully regenerated from embryogenic callus. Non-embryogenic callus continued to grow, and resulted in further callus proliferation when transferred to a regeneration medium supplemented with 1% sucrose and 4.63 μM kinetin. Microscopic observation combined with amino acid analysis of callus tissue using ethanol extraction and sulphosalicylic acid provided strong evidence that embryogenic potential was correlated with endogenous proline content; embryogenic callus contained proline whereas proline was absent in non-embryogenic callus. This suggests that proline quantification may provide an effective biochemical method to assess the embryogenic, and/or proline my be used to improve embryogenic potential of callus mass.
-
water status and growth of callus in sturt s desert pea Swainsona formosa as affected by media condition
Environment control in biology, 2004Co-Authors: Takashi Ikeda, Acram Taji, Yukihiro Fujime, Masaki NoguchiAbstract:This work was undertaken to investigate response of callus and the water status of Sturt's desert pea (Swainsona formosa) in vitro under various environmental stress conditions. Water potential of culture media ranged from -0.27MPa to -1.05MPa so that salt and osmotic stress and different concentration of sucrose could be applied to Sturt's desert pea calli grown in the tissue culture media. The percent increase in calli was highest in standard MS medium with 30g L-1 sucrose but was not so when the water potential of medium was adjusted to the same water potential using standard MS plus mannitol. The water potential of callus tissue was almost the same as that of culture media at any range of MS and sucrose concentrations. Turgor of callus tissue did not alter significantly under any stress conditions. It is concluded that the optimum concentration of salt, sucrose and water status of medium could be estimated by this method and that standard MS concentration and its water status are suitable for the formation of Sturt's desert pea calli.
Nalamilli Prakash - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Towards Sterile Plant Production in Sturt’s Desert Pea (Swainsona formosa) via Anther Culture
2020Co-Authors: Zulkarnain Zulkarnain, Acram Taji, Nalamilli PrakashAbstract:Sturt’s Desert Pea, Swainsona formosa, (G.Don) J.Thompson, is a legume native to Australia with a vibrant colour of flowers. The economic importance of this plant is in its ornamental use in hanging baskets and containers or for cut flowers both in Australia and abroad. The production of a large amount of pollen grains in the flower is a major impediment in the commercialisation of this plant. Petal staining by pollen as well as self-pollination during transport reduces the quality of flowers. Producing sterile plants via anther culture is, therefore, the focus of present work. Anthers from floral buds approximately 1.3 – 1.5 cm long were obtained from glasshouse grown plants. After surface sterilisation in 70% ethanol for 10 seconds anthers were dissected out of the buds and their filaments were removed. The anthers were cultured on B5 medium supplemented with vitamins and 2% sucrose. The effect of media types (solid, liquid, paper bridges), light spectra [white (390-760nm); blue (450-550nm); green (492-550nm); yellow (550-588nm); red (647-770nm); and darkness], microspore developmental stages (mother cell – microspores) and plant growth regulators (auxins + cytokinins) were investigated. Androgenesis was not achieved in any of the treatments applied or at any developmental stage tested. Callus was produced on anthers when media were supplemented with plant growth regulators. The type, concentration and combination of plant growth regulators affected colour and texture of calli. The calli ranged from nodular and compact to spongy and friable with a wide range of colours. In subsequent subculturing of calli only those cultured on indole butyric acid and kinetin produced shoots or roots, but these cultures degenerated within 8 weeks of subculture. Work in progress is aimed at determining the effect of anther pre-treatment in haploid plant production, as well as the causes of culture decline in Sturt’s Desert Pea.
-
In vitro callus induction and differentiation on Sturt’s Desert Pea (Swainsona formosa)
2002Co-Authors: Zulkarnain Zulkarnain, Acram Taji, Nalamilli PrakashAbstract:Callus growth was induced on media containing IAA (0.57, 5.71, 57.1 µM and IBA (0.49, 4.93, 49.3 µM were combined with BA (0.44, 4.44, 44.4 µM), kinetin (0.46, 4.63, 46.3 µM), 2iP (0.49, 4.93, 49.3 µM) and zeatin (0.46, 4.61, 46.1 µM). The result indicated that callus formation was significantly affected by IAA + BA, IBA + BA, IBA + 2iP, IBA + kinetin and IBA + zeatin. Among IAA combinations, IAA at 5.71 µM or 57.1 µM in combination with 44.4 µM BA produced the highest callus formation (26%). Meanwhile, with the use of IBA the highest callus formation (38%) was obtained on 49.3 µM IBA + 0.44 µM BA, followed by 36% on 4.49 µM IBA + 44.4 µM 2iP, 4.93 µM IBA + 4.63 µM kinetin and 0.49 µM IBA + 4.61 µM zeatin, respectively. The texture and colour of callus varied widely from being compact to friable and white translucent to dark green in colour depending on the types of plant hormones used. However, green embryogenic callus was formed on media supplemented with IBA + kinetin and IBA + zeatin and, subcultured onto a new medium with similar hormones or onto a hormone-free medium. After two weeks in culture, callus grown on the hormone-free medium showed no further growth, turned chlorotic and died. Meanwhile, callus subcultured onto a medium containing IBA + kinetin produced agglomerates of green small shoots without root or roots without shoot and, callus grown on a medium supplemented with IBA + zeatin showed only further callus growth. Some of these shoots and roots, however, were found to be abnormal in appearance. Shoots were hyperhydrated, necrotic or chlorotic, and eventually died after 16 weeks in culture. Some of the roots were short and thick with no root hairs, and grew directly from within the callus.
-
in vitro callus induction and differentiation on sturt s desert pea Swainsona formosa
2002Co-Authors: Zulkarnain Zulkarnain, Acram Taji, Nalamilli PrakashAbstract:Callus growth was induced on media containing IAA (0.57, 5.71, 57.1 µM and IBA (0.49, 4.93, 49.3 µM were combined with BA (0.44, 4.44, 44.4 µM), kinetin (0.46, 4.63, 46.3 µM), 2iP (0.49, 4.93, 49.3 µM) and zeatin (0.46, 4.61, 46.1 µM). The result indicated that callus formation was significantly affected by IAA + BA, IBA + BA, IBA + 2iP, IBA + kinetin and IBA + zeatin. Among IAA combinations, IAA at 5.71 µM or 57.1 µM in combination with 44.4 µM BA produced the highest callus formation (26%). Meanwhile, with the use of IBA the highest callus formation (38%) was obtained on 49.3 µM IBA + 0.44 µM BA, followed by 36% on 4.49 µM IBA + 44.4 µM 2iP, 4.93 µM IBA + 4.63 µM kinetin and 0.49 µM IBA + 4.61 µM zeatin, respectively. The texture and colour of callus varied widely from being compact to friable and white translucent to dark green in colour depending on the types of plant hormones used. However, green embryogenic callus was formed on media supplemented with IBA + kinetin and IBA + zeatin and, subcultured onto a new medium with similar hormones or onto a hormone-free medium. After two weeks in culture, callus grown on the hormone-free medium showed no further growth, turned chlorotic and died. Meanwhile, callus subcultured onto a medium containing IBA + kinetin produced agglomerates of green small shoots without root or roots without shoot and, callus grown on a medium supplemented with IBA + zeatin showed only further callus growth. Some of these shoots and roots, however, were found to be abnormal in appearance. Shoots were hyperhydrated, necrotic or chlorotic, and eventually died after 16 weeks in culture. Some of the roots were short and thick with no root hairs, and grew directly from within the callus.
-
towards sterile plant production in sturt s desert pea Swainsona formosa via anther culture
2002Co-Authors: Zulkarnain Zulkarnain, Acram Taji, Nalamilli PrakashAbstract:Sturt’s Desert Pea, Swainsona formosa, (G.Don) J.Thompson, is a legume native to Australia with a vibrant colour of flowers. The economic importance of this plant is in its ornamental use in hanging baskets and containers or for cut flowers both in Australia and abroad. The production of a large amount of pollen grains in the flower is a major impediment in the commercialisation of this plant. Petal staining by pollen as well as self-pollination during transport reduces the quality of flowers. Producing sterile plants via anther culture is, therefore, the focus of present work. Anthers from floral buds approximately 1.3 – 1.5 cm long were obtained from glasshouse grown plants. After surface sterilisation in 70% ethanol for 10 seconds anthers were dissected out of the buds and their filaments were removed. The anthers were cultured on B5 medium supplemented with vitamins and 2% sucrose. The effect of media types (solid, liquid, paper bridges), light spectra [white (390-760nm); blue (450-550nm); green (492-550nm); yellow (550-588nm); red (647-770nm); and darkness], microspore developmental stages (mother cell – microspores) and plant growth regulators (auxins + cytokinins) were investigated. Androgenesis was not achieved in any of the treatments applied or at any developmental stage tested. Callus was produced on anthers when media were supplemented with plant growth regulators. The type, concentration and combination of plant growth regulators affected colour and texture of calli. The calli ranged from nodular and compact to spongy and friable with a wide range of colours. In subsequent subculturing of calli only those cultured on indole butyric acid and kinetin produced shoots or roots, but these cultures degenerated within 8 weeks of subculture. Work in progress is aimed at determining the effect of anther pre-treatment in haploid plant production, as well as the causes of culture decline in Sturt’s Desert Pea.
-
screening auxins and cytokinins in sturt s desert pea Swainsona formosa anther culture
2001Co-Authors: Zulkarnain Zulkarnain, Acram Taji, Nalamilli PrakashAbstract:The commercialization of Sturt's Desert Pea as cut flowers is subjected to petal staining by pollen grains which are shed during transportation, and therefore the flowers quality reduces significantly. In addition, during transportation self pollination may take place, resulting in a rapid degeneration of flowers and thus reduction in the vase life of the flowers. Our current work is focussed on the production of male sterile plants via anther culture. Anther contains microspores that are haploid, and plants regenerated from microspores within the anther will also be haploid. Haploid plants are sterile because where there is an odd number of chromosome sets reproductive fertility is usually impaired. This is because during cell division the normal pairing of chromosome can not properly take place since one set of chromosomes will have no homologous set to pair with, and as such gametes fail to form. The first step of this strategy is to investigate plant hormones that are suitable for anther culture of Sturt’s Desert Pea. Present paper reports the effect of various combinations of auxins: IAA (0.57, 5.71, 57.1 and IBA (0.49, 4.93, 49.3 and cytokinins: BA (0.44, 4.44, 44.4 ), kinetin (0.46, 4.63, 46.3 M), 2iP (0.49, 4.93, 49.3 M) and zeatin (0.46, 4.57, 45.7 M) on callus formation in anther. Basal medium used was B5 supplemented with vitamins, 2% sucrose and solidified with 0.8% BiTek agar at pH 5.8 0.2. Cultures were incubated in culture room with cool fluorescent lamps under 16/8 h photoperiod at temperature 25 2oC. The result indicated that although different concentrations of a particular hormone combinations produced significant effect, there was no particular combinations of these hormones that can be suggested as the best one for Sturt’s Desert Pea callus production in anther culture. Therefore, the future recommendations would much rely upon the economical consideration and the availability of the hormones going to be used.
