The Experts below are selected from a list of 11814 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jiafei Zhao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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optimized gas and water production from water saturated hydrate bearing sediment through step wise depressurization combined with Thermal Stimulation
Applied Energy, 2020Co-Authors: Xianwei Guo, Bin Wang, Lei Yang, Lingjie Sun, Yulong Liu, Rupeng Wei, Jiafei ZhaoAbstract:Abstract There have been several trial production tests carried out from marine natural gas hydrate reservoir recently, showing its great potential as an alternative source of energy. Yet an unsustainable production with low productivity and short duration is generally encountered. The marine hydrate reservoirs are mostly highly water-saturated; the resulting water production behaviors remain largely unclear. In this work, the gas and specially water production from a water-saturated reservoir were investigated. The role of water acting as a diffusion barrier of gas was determined: a higher water yield will significantly improve the following gas production. The step-wise depressurization was found to help relieve the initial water production compared with the straightforward depressurization scenario. A high-water-production stage was for the first time identified, accounting for ~47% of the total water production. A further controlled depressurization with finer steps in this stage could enhance the gas productivity by at most 31%; yet its effect on controlling water production was limited. The cumulative water yield depended much on the overall degree of depressurization, regardless of the number of steps. In order for an enhanced gas production under a regulated water yield, Thermal Stimulation is introduced in the high-water-production stage. This is found to effectively contribute to an optimized water producing process and an at least 30% decline of water yield under comparable gas productivity. The proposed combination method could be applied in the field tests from water-saturated marine reservoir to achieve a high gas-water ratio and a thereby improved energy and economic efficiency.
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influence of intrinsic permeability of reservoir rocks on gas recovery from hydrate deposits via a combined depressurization and Thermal Stimulation approach
Applied Energy, 2018Co-Authors: Jiafei Zhao, Zhen Fan, Bin Wang, Weixin PangAbstract:Abstract Reservoir permeability is a crucial controlling factor for the successful exploitation of unconventional gas hydrate resources, which represent a vast natural gas reserve with substantial energy potential. Numerical simulations and analyses are essential tools for the prediction and evaluation of natural gas recovery from hydrate deposits. In this study, a two-dimensional axisymmetric model was developed and validated to investigate the effect of the intrinsic permeability of reservoir rocks on hydrate dissociation characteristics induced by a combined depressurization and Thermal Stimulation method. Simulation results indicate that the average gas production rate from hydrate deposits could be enhanced when Thermal Stimulation was additionally applied at the same production pressure, but the enhancement effect weakens as reservoir permeability increases. Pressure reduction propagates slowly from gas production wells into cores with low-permeability, and Thermal Stimulation dominates hydrate dissociation. However, depressurization can play a determining role for hydrate dissociation in high-permeability cores which benefit to the propagation of pressure reduction. Increased permeability promotes the characteristic shift from Thermal-Stimulation-governed radial hydrate dissociation to depressurization-determined uniform dissociation. To a certain extent, increased permeability enhances gas generation, but there is a threshold beyond which this effect is no longer felt as excessive consumption of sensible heat restricts further hydrate dissociation. Although there are many uncertainties in the hydrate dissociation process in porous media, numerical simulation can provide useful information for evaluating the feasibility of methodology for gas recovery from gas hydrate reservoirs.
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influence of core scale permeability on gas production from methane hydrate by Thermal Stimulation
International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2018Co-Authors: Yongchen Song, Zhen Fan, Yangmin Kuang, Yuechao Zhao, Jiafei ZhaoAbstract:Abstract The hydrate dissociation process involves heat transfer in the decomposing zone, multi-phase fluid flow during gas production, and the intrinsic kinetics of hydrate dissociation. The potential impact of laboratory-scale permeability on hydrate exploitation from hydrate-bearing sediments was predicted from a previously developed and verified two-dimensional axisymmetric model. We herein continue the previous work to investigate the influence of core-scale hydrate sediments’ permeability on gas production by the Thermal Stimulation method. The results show that the gas production in relatively low permeability reservoirs proceeded at a faster rate, requiring less time to complete the dissociation process, although an optimal permeability was associated with the fastest gas production. In addition, with the temperature continuously increased, the dissociation front displaced from the boundary wall to the core axis along the radial direction. In a lower permeability system, however, the hydrate dissociation process at the zone opposite the outlet valve was delayed. Due to the varying processes associated with hydrate dissociation, the overall Thermal conductivity declined faster at an earlier stage in sediments of high permeability as compared with sediments of lower permeability. Furthermore, the effects of boundary heat transfer were more significant for low permeability systems.
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evaluation of Thermal Stimulation on gas production from depressurized methane hydrate deposits
Applied Energy, 2017Co-Authors: Bin Wang, Jiafei Zhao, Hongsheng Dong, Yanzhen Liu, Yu Liu, Yongchen SongAbstract:Abstract Natural gas hydrates have gained worldwide attention as an important potential non-conventional fossil fuel resource. Understanding the gas production behavior from hydrate deposits is critical to the utilization of the gas hydrate resource. In this study, the hydrate dissociation reaction was induced by depressurization in conjunction with Thermal Stimulation. Profiles of temperature, pressure, gas production rate, and cumulative gas production during the gas production processes were analyzed. The results show that the gas production process upon ice generation can be divided into five main stages: (1) a free gas release, (2) hydrate dissociation along the equilibrium curve driven by the reservoir sensible heat, (3) hydrate dissociation driven by the exothermic ice generation reaction, (4) ice melting and hydrate dissociation under ambient heat transfer, and (5) hydrate dissociation under ambient heat transfer. During the gas production process, two Thermal Stimulation methods—ambient heat transfer and warm water injection—were employed to supply heat for hydrate dissociation. The larger the heat flux supplied by ambient heat transfer, the greater the gas production. During the warm water injection process, the gas production time decreased as the temperature of the injected water increased. These two methods can effectively promote gas production from gas hydrate deposits. The findings of this study can provide some insight for designing and implementing optimal production techniques for use of hydrate resources.
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enhanced ch4 recovery and co2 storage via Thermal Stimulation in the ch4 co2 replacement of methane hydrate
Chemical Engineering Journal, 2017Co-Authors: Lunxiang Zhang, Jiafei Zhao, Mingjun Yang, Hongsheng Dong, Jiaqi Wang, Lei Yang, Yongchen SongAbstract:Abstract The replacement of CH 4 by CO 2 in methane hydrates is a promising method for simultaneously achieving CO 2 storage and CH 4 recovery for global warming mitigation and energy production, respectively. However, gas replacement is restricted to the slow diffusion-limited transport of CO 2 caused by the formation of a mixed hydrate layer, and little attention has been paid to the storage of CO 2 . Therefore, this study proposed a combination of CH 4 /CO 2 replacement and Thermal Stimulation to enhance CH 4 recovery and CO 2 storage. The effects of the methane hydrate saturation level, replacement zone, and freezing point on the replacement were analyzed. The CH 4 replacement percentage and energy efficiency were obtained and compared using the replacement and combined methods. The results suggested that the combined method effectively improved CH 4 recovery, with the CH 4 replacement percentage exhibiting an upper limit of 64.63%. Moreover, In CH 4 /CO 2 replacement, the total number of moles of CO 2 stored is unequal to CH 4 recovered, because the replacement is sensitive to the free water in the pores of the hydrate sediments. In addition, the CO 2 storage efficiency was first discussed. The results proved that the CH 4 /CO 2 replacement has obvious advantages in CO 2 storage, and a maximum CO 2 storage efficiency of 96.73% was achieved by combined method.
Zhaoyang Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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fluid flow mechanisms and heat transfer characteristics of gas recovery from gas saturated and water saturated hydrate reservoirs
International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2018Co-Authors: Yi Wang, Yu Zhang, Jingchun Feng, Xiaosen Li, Zhaoyang ChenAbstract:Abstract Due to the huge reserves, natural gas hydrate is considered as a potential energy resource in future. Therefore, developing methods of gas recovery from hydrate reservoirs for commercial production are attracting extensive attention. In this work, hydrate dissociation and gas recovery from the gas-saturated and water-saturated hydrate accumulations are investigated in a pilot-scale hydrate simulator. Depressurization, Thermal Stimulation, and depressurization assisted Thermal Stimulation method are adopted in this work. Furthermore, the mechanisms of fluid flow and the heat transfer during hydrate dissociation in different hydrate accumulations are elucidated by large-scale experimental results. The experimental results indicate that the fluid flow mechanisms and the heat transfer characteristics during the gas recovery from hydrate reservoirs are greatly influenced by the initial water saturation. The Optimum gas production method is also different for different hydrate accumulations. The depressurization is optimized method for hydrate dissociation in the gas-saturated reservoir considered from the aspect of gas-water ratio. Thermal Stimulation results in the lowest gas-water ratio and the lowest hydrate dissociation ratio, and is not effective for both the gas-saturated and water-saturated hydrate reservoir. The depressurization assisted Thermal Stimulation is the optimum method for the hydrate dissociation in the water-saturated sample.
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investigation into optimization condition of Thermal Stimulation for hydrate dissociation in the sandy reservoir
Applied Energy, 2015Co-Authors: Jingchun Feng, Yi Wang, Xiaosen Li, Gang Li, Zhaoyang Chen, Yu ZhangAbstract:Investigation of the optimal injection temperature for the hydrate dissociation plays a significant role in the gas hydrate exploitation in the practical field. In this work, the experiments of hydrate dissociation by depressurization in conjunction with Thermal Stimulation (DT) with the different injection temperatures are carried out in a Cubic Hydrate Simulator (CHS). Evaluation of the entropy production minimization (EPM), the energy ratio and the Thermal efficiency are employed to investigate into the optimized injection temperature for hydrate dissociation. The Thermal efficiency decreases with the increase of the injection temperature. The optimal injection temperatures for the hydrate dissociation from the points of the maximization of the energy ratio and the minimization of the entropy production, which are equivalent to maximizing the energy production and minimizing the energy consumption, respectively, are 38.8°C and 37.9°C. The results of evaluations from the two aspects are in a quite good agreement. Thus, the warm water injection of approximately 38–39°C is suitable for hydrate dissociation with the DT method, and the hot water injection beyond 39°C is uneconomical for hydrate dissociation.
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effect of horizontal and vertical well patterns on methane hydrate dissociation behaviors in pilot scale hydrate simulator
Applied Energy, 2015Co-Authors: Jingchun Feng, Yi Wang, Yu Zhang, Xiaosen Li, Gang Li, Zhaoyang ChenAbstract:Exploitation of natural gas hydrate is expecting to be an important strategic way to solve the problem of energy depletion. Understanding the effectiveness of the well configuration plays a pivotal role in gas production from the hydrate reservoir. This study evaluates the methane hydrate dissociation behaviors using both vertical well and horizontal well experimentally. Methane hydrate in porous media has been synthesized in a 117.8L pilot-scale hydrate simulator (PHS), which is equipped with 9 (3×3) vertical wells and 9 (3×3) horizontal wells. The condition of hydrate formation is corresponding to the ocean depth of 1200m and it is similar to the hydrate characteristics of the South China Sea. Hydrate is dissociated under depressurization and Thermal Stimulation. The results indicate that, for the depressurization and Thermal Stimulation methods, the gas production rate, the heat transfer rate, and the accumulative dissociation ratio with the horizontal well pattern are higher than those with the vertical well pattern. Meanwhile, the evaluations of the energy ratio and the Thermal efficiency indicate that the horizontal well pattern has the advantage of higher production efficiency by the Thermal Stimulation. Thus, it is determined that the production performance is better using the horizontal well pattern.
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experimental investigation into methane hydrate production during three dimensional Thermal Stimulation with five spot well system
Applied Energy, 2013Co-Authors: Yi Wang, Yu Zhang, Xiaosen Li, Gang Li, Bo Li, Zhaoyang ChenAbstract:The cubic hydrate simulator (CHS) is used to study the methane hydrate production behaviors in porous media by the Thermal Stimulation with a five-spot well system. The hot water injection rates range from 10.0 to 40.0ml/min. The Thermal Stimulation process is analyzed, and the conclusions are that the hydrate decomposition boundary moves from the central point to the surroundings gradually and finally covers almost the entire hydrate field in the CHS during the Thermal Stimulation process. The heat conduction plays a more significant role than the convection for the heat diffusion in the Thermal Stimulation process. The increasing injection rate of the hot water enhances the rate of hydrate decomposition, shortens the production time, and decreases the water production volumes, while it has little influence on the final gas production volumes. Furthermore, the change of the hot water injection rate (Rinj) has little influence on the final gas recovery, however, the higher Rinj leads to the higher average production rate and the lower energy efficiency.
Yi Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Distribution and reformation characteristics of gas hydrate during hydrate dissociation by Thermal Stimulation and depressurization methods
'Elsevier BV', 2020Co-Authors: Kou Xuan, Yi Wang, Yu Zhang, Li Xiao-sen, Chen Zhao-yangAbstract:Pore-scale distribution and reformation characteristics of gas hydrate in porous sediments can provide invaluable information on macroscale production behaviors. In this work, the X-ray computed tomography (X-ray -CT) has been conducted to detect distribution characteristics of the hydrate-bearing sample during hydrate formation and dissociation. Experimental results indicate that, during hydrate formation, mass and heat transfer can lead to the transformation of grain-attaching (grain-cementing and grain-contacting) hydrate to pore-filling hydrate, as well as the heterogeneous distribution of gas hydrate in pores. During hydrate dissociation, whether the Thermal Stimulation stage or the depressurization stage, the hydrate decomposition initiates from the ablation of the hydrate-gas interface, and the grain-cementing hydrate remains intact until the hydrate cracks into particles and collapses. In addition, during the Thermal Stimulation stage, the migration of "memory water" under the equilibrium hydrate formation condition leads to the hydrate reformation, and the hydrate reformation promotes the homogeneous distribution of gas hydrate in pores. During the depressurization stage, gas hydrate is reformed below the hydrate "dissociation front" because of the endothermic process of hydrate dissociation and the pressure-driven fluid flow. The reformed grain-cementing hydrate provides fluid flow channels instead of plugging the pores and throats. However, the shut-in time after the depressurization-induced gas production should not be too long to prevent the pore plugging by the further growth of the reformed hydrate. Additionally, the depressurization process finally leads to the grain migration and may reduce the sediment strength under the loose grain filling condition
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fluid flow mechanisms and heat transfer characteristics of gas recovery from gas saturated and water saturated hydrate reservoirs
International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2018Co-Authors: Yi Wang, Yu Zhang, Jingchun Feng, Xiaosen Li, Zhaoyang ChenAbstract:Abstract Due to the huge reserves, natural gas hydrate is considered as a potential energy resource in future. Therefore, developing methods of gas recovery from hydrate reservoirs for commercial production are attracting extensive attention. In this work, hydrate dissociation and gas recovery from the gas-saturated and water-saturated hydrate accumulations are investigated in a pilot-scale hydrate simulator. Depressurization, Thermal Stimulation, and depressurization assisted Thermal Stimulation method are adopted in this work. Furthermore, the mechanisms of fluid flow and the heat transfer during hydrate dissociation in different hydrate accumulations are elucidated by large-scale experimental results. The experimental results indicate that the fluid flow mechanisms and the heat transfer characteristics during the gas recovery from hydrate reservoirs are greatly influenced by the initial water saturation. The Optimum gas production method is also different for different hydrate accumulations. The depressurization is optimized method for hydrate dissociation in the gas-saturated reservoir considered from the aspect of gas-water ratio. Thermal Stimulation results in the lowest gas-water ratio and the lowest hydrate dissociation ratio, and is not effective for both the gas-saturated and water-saturated hydrate reservoir. The depressurization assisted Thermal Stimulation is the optimum method for the hydrate dissociation in the water-saturated sample.
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experimental investigation into methane hydrate dissociation by Thermal Stimulation with dual vertical well
Energy Procedia, 2017Co-Authors: Yi Wang, Jingchun Feng, Xiaosen LiAbstract:Abstract The gas production behavior of methane hydrate in porous media using the Thermal Stimulation method with dual vertical well was investigated in the Cubic Hydrate Simulator (CHS), a three-dimensional 5.8-L cubic pressure vessel with the internal length of 0.18 m. Three horizontal layers equally divide the CHS into four regions. 9-spot vertical wells and 25-spot thermometers are arranged on each layer, respectively. The production and injection wells are sited on the cross corners of the CHS. The Thermal Stimulation process is analyzed. The change characteristics of the injection temperature, pressure, and other related parameters during the injection are obtained. The result also verifies that the hydrate decomposition process is a moving boundary ablation process. The hydrate decomposition boundary moves from the injection well to the production well gradually during the Thermal Stimulation process. The higher injection rate leads to the lower energy efficiency.
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investigation into optimization condition of Thermal Stimulation for hydrate dissociation in the sandy reservoir
Applied Energy, 2015Co-Authors: Jingchun Feng, Yi Wang, Xiaosen Li, Gang Li, Zhaoyang Chen, Yu ZhangAbstract:Investigation of the optimal injection temperature for the hydrate dissociation plays a significant role in the gas hydrate exploitation in the practical field. In this work, the experiments of hydrate dissociation by depressurization in conjunction with Thermal Stimulation (DT) with the different injection temperatures are carried out in a Cubic Hydrate Simulator (CHS). Evaluation of the entropy production minimization (EPM), the energy ratio and the Thermal efficiency are employed to investigate into the optimized injection temperature for hydrate dissociation. The Thermal efficiency decreases with the increase of the injection temperature. The optimal injection temperatures for the hydrate dissociation from the points of the maximization of the energy ratio and the minimization of the entropy production, which are equivalent to maximizing the energy production and minimizing the energy consumption, respectively, are 38.8°C and 37.9°C. The results of evaluations from the two aspects are in a quite good agreement. Thus, the warm water injection of approximately 38–39°C is suitable for hydrate dissociation with the DT method, and the hot water injection beyond 39°C is uneconomical for hydrate dissociation.
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effect of horizontal and vertical well patterns on methane hydrate dissociation behaviors in pilot scale hydrate simulator
Applied Energy, 2015Co-Authors: Jingchun Feng, Yi Wang, Yu Zhang, Xiaosen Li, Gang Li, Zhaoyang ChenAbstract:Exploitation of natural gas hydrate is expecting to be an important strategic way to solve the problem of energy depletion. Understanding the effectiveness of the well configuration plays a pivotal role in gas production from the hydrate reservoir. This study evaluates the methane hydrate dissociation behaviors using both vertical well and horizontal well experimentally. Methane hydrate in porous media has been synthesized in a 117.8L pilot-scale hydrate simulator (PHS), which is equipped with 9 (3×3) vertical wells and 9 (3×3) horizontal wells. The condition of hydrate formation is corresponding to the ocean depth of 1200m and it is similar to the hydrate characteristics of the South China Sea. Hydrate is dissociated under depressurization and Thermal Stimulation. The results indicate that, for the depressurization and Thermal Stimulation methods, the gas production rate, the heat transfer rate, and the accumulative dissociation ratio with the horizontal well pattern are higher than those with the vertical well pattern. Meanwhile, the evaluations of the energy ratio and the Thermal efficiency indicate that the horizontal well pattern has the advantage of higher production efficiency by the Thermal Stimulation. Thus, it is determined that the production performance is better using the horizontal well pattern.
Changling Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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numerical evaluation of the methane production from unconfined gas hydrate bearing sediment by Thermal Stimulation and depressurization in shenhu area south china sea
Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2016Co-Authors: Guangrong Jin, Xin Xin, Mingcong Wei, Changling LiuAbstract:Abstract The exploitation of natural gas hydrate from the unconfined marine sediments, which is overlain by permeable layer, is challenging, as the traditional depressurization method cannot induce significant pressure drop in the hydrate reservoir to release the gas. To overcome this problem, we here numerically investigate the performance of joint depressurization and Thermal Stimulation to extract the gas in Shenhu area, South China Sea. The influences of warm water injection and the horizontal well placements on the gas production are mainly discussed. The results show that gas recovery can be improved significantly by the injection of warm water, attributed to the increase of the temperature in the hydrate-bearing sediment. A higher gas production can be obtained by locating vertically the injection well in the middle of the hydrate-bearing sediment, which can reduce the water recharge from the layers overlying and underlying the hydrate-bearing sediment. Moreover, the well spacing affects the methane production significantly when the Thermal Stimulation starts. The numerical experiments may be useful for future design and optimization of marine gas hydrate exploitation under similar conditions.
Bin Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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optimized gas and water production from water saturated hydrate bearing sediment through step wise depressurization combined with Thermal Stimulation
Applied Energy, 2020Co-Authors: Xianwei Guo, Bin Wang, Lei Yang, Lingjie Sun, Yulong Liu, Rupeng Wei, Jiafei ZhaoAbstract:Abstract There have been several trial production tests carried out from marine natural gas hydrate reservoir recently, showing its great potential as an alternative source of energy. Yet an unsustainable production with low productivity and short duration is generally encountered. The marine hydrate reservoirs are mostly highly water-saturated; the resulting water production behaviors remain largely unclear. In this work, the gas and specially water production from a water-saturated reservoir were investigated. The role of water acting as a diffusion barrier of gas was determined: a higher water yield will significantly improve the following gas production. The step-wise depressurization was found to help relieve the initial water production compared with the straightforward depressurization scenario. A high-water-production stage was for the first time identified, accounting for ~47% of the total water production. A further controlled depressurization with finer steps in this stage could enhance the gas productivity by at most 31%; yet its effect on controlling water production was limited. The cumulative water yield depended much on the overall degree of depressurization, regardless of the number of steps. In order for an enhanced gas production under a regulated water yield, Thermal Stimulation is introduced in the high-water-production stage. This is found to effectively contribute to an optimized water producing process and an at least 30% decline of water yield under comparable gas productivity. The proposed combination method could be applied in the field tests from water-saturated marine reservoir to achieve a high gas-water ratio and a thereby improved energy and economic efficiency.
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influence of intrinsic permeability of reservoir rocks on gas recovery from hydrate deposits via a combined depressurization and Thermal Stimulation approach
Applied Energy, 2018Co-Authors: Jiafei Zhao, Zhen Fan, Bin Wang, Weixin PangAbstract:Abstract Reservoir permeability is a crucial controlling factor for the successful exploitation of unconventional gas hydrate resources, which represent a vast natural gas reserve with substantial energy potential. Numerical simulations and analyses are essential tools for the prediction and evaluation of natural gas recovery from hydrate deposits. In this study, a two-dimensional axisymmetric model was developed and validated to investigate the effect of the intrinsic permeability of reservoir rocks on hydrate dissociation characteristics induced by a combined depressurization and Thermal Stimulation method. Simulation results indicate that the average gas production rate from hydrate deposits could be enhanced when Thermal Stimulation was additionally applied at the same production pressure, but the enhancement effect weakens as reservoir permeability increases. Pressure reduction propagates slowly from gas production wells into cores with low-permeability, and Thermal Stimulation dominates hydrate dissociation. However, depressurization can play a determining role for hydrate dissociation in high-permeability cores which benefit to the propagation of pressure reduction. Increased permeability promotes the characteristic shift from Thermal-Stimulation-governed radial hydrate dissociation to depressurization-determined uniform dissociation. To a certain extent, increased permeability enhances gas generation, but there is a threshold beyond which this effect is no longer felt as excessive consumption of sensible heat restricts further hydrate dissociation. Although there are many uncertainties in the hydrate dissociation process in porous media, numerical simulation can provide useful information for evaluating the feasibility of methodology for gas recovery from gas hydrate reservoirs.
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evaluation of Thermal Stimulation on gas production from depressurized methane hydrate deposits
Applied Energy, 2017Co-Authors: Bin Wang, Jiafei Zhao, Hongsheng Dong, Yanzhen Liu, Yu Liu, Yongchen SongAbstract:Abstract Natural gas hydrates have gained worldwide attention as an important potential non-conventional fossil fuel resource. Understanding the gas production behavior from hydrate deposits is critical to the utilization of the gas hydrate resource. In this study, the hydrate dissociation reaction was induced by depressurization in conjunction with Thermal Stimulation. Profiles of temperature, pressure, gas production rate, and cumulative gas production during the gas production processes were analyzed. The results show that the gas production process upon ice generation can be divided into five main stages: (1) a free gas release, (2) hydrate dissociation along the equilibrium curve driven by the reservoir sensible heat, (3) hydrate dissociation driven by the exothermic ice generation reaction, (4) ice melting and hydrate dissociation under ambient heat transfer, and (5) hydrate dissociation under ambient heat transfer. During the gas production process, two Thermal Stimulation methods—ambient heat transfer and warm water injection—were employed to supply heat for hydrate dissociation. The larger the heat flux supplied by ambient heat transfer, the greater the gas production. During the warm water injection process, the gas production time decreased as the temperature of the injected water increased. These two methods can effectively promote gas production from gas hydrate deposits. The findings of this study can provide some insight for designing and implementing optimal production techniques for use of hydrate resources.
