The Experts below are selected from a list of 66084 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Guowen Song - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the impact of air gap on thermal performance of protective clothing against hot water spray
Textile Research Journal, 2015Co-Authors: Yehu Lu, Guowen Song, Faming WangAbstract:The air gap size and distribution developed between clothing and a human Body play a critical role in clothing performance, specifically for thermal protective clothing. Hot liquid is considered as one of the common hazards in industrial working environments. In this study, the clothing air layer entrapped between protective clothing and a manikin Body was determined using Three-Dimensional Body scanning, and the protective performance provide by the clothing was predicted using an instrumented hot water spray manikin evaluation system. The relationship between the average air gap size and overall protective performance was analyzed. The impact of clothing air gap developed along the human Body on predicted burn injury was considered. In addition, the air gap distribution and its relation to skin burn injury were compared for the selected garments. In general, the results indicated that the average air gap size showed positive effects on the overall protective performance. For all Body parts except the pe...
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performance study of protective clothing against hot water splashes from bench scale test to instrumented manikin test
Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 2015Co-Authors: Guowen Song, Faming WangAbstract:Hot liquid hazards existing in work environments are shown to be a considerable risk for industrial workers. In this study, the predicted protection from fabric was assessed by a modified hot liquid splash tester. In these tests, conditions with and without an air spacer were applied. The protective perfor mance of a garment exposed to hot water spray was investigated by a spray manikin evaluation system. Three-Dimensional Body scanning technique was used to characterize the air gap size between the pro tective clothing and the manikin skin. The relationship between bench scale test and manikin test was discussed and the regression model was established to predict the overall percentage of skin burn while wearing protective clothing. The results demonstrated strong correlations between bench scale test and manikin test. Based on these studies, the overall performance of protective clothing against hot water spray can be estimated on the basis of the results of the bench scale hot water splashes test and the information of air gap size entrapped in clothing. The findings provide effective guides for the design and material selection while developing high performance protective clothing.
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A novel approach for fit analysis of thermal protective clothing using Three-Dimensional Body scanning.
Applied Ergonomics, 2014Co-Authors: Guowen SongAbstract:Abstract The garment fit played an important role in protective performance, comfort and mobility. The purpose of this study is to quantify the air gap to quantitatively characterize a Three-Dimensional (3-D) garment fit using a 3-D Body scanning technique. A method for processing of scanned data was developed to investigate the air gap size and distribution between the clothing and human Body. The mesh model formed from nude and clothed Body was aligned, superimposed and sectioned using Rapidform software. The air gap size and distribution over the Body surface were analyzed. The total air volume was also calculated. The effects of fabric properties and garment size on air gap distribution were explored. The results indicated that average air gap of the fit clothing was around 25–30 mm and the overall air gap distribution was similar. The air gap was unevenly distributed over the Body and it was strongly associated with the Body parts, fabric properties and garment size. The research will help understand the overall clothing fit and its association with protection, thermal and movement comfort, and provide guidelines for clothing engineers to improve thermal performance and reduce physiological burden.
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investigation of the contribution of garment design to thermal protection part 1 characterizing air gaps using Three Dimensional Body scanning for women s protective clothing
Textile Research Journal, 2010Co-Authors: Tannie Mah, Guowen SongAbstract:This research investigated the relative degree of thermal protection provided to women when wearing garments designed for women compared to garments designed for men. Air gaps between a female mannequin and protective coveralls were used to determine the effect of garment style and fit on thermal performance. In Part 1, a procedure using a Three-Dimensional Body scanner was developed in order to measure the size and distribution of these air gaps. The findings demonstrated that air gap sizes were not evenly distributed over the mannequin, and were dependent on garment style and fit, as well as Body contour. There were a greater number of smaller air gaps over the mannequin than larger ones. In Part 2, garment style and fit, evaluated in terms of air gaps, were related to thermal protection based on instrumented mannequin flash fire evaluation.
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clothing air gap layers and thermal protective performance in single layer garment
Journal of Industrial Textiles, 2007Co-Authors: Guowen SongAbstract:A Three-Dimensional Body scanning technique is used to measure the air gap layer distribution between different-sized protective garments and the Body of a manikin used to evaluate garment thermal protective performance. The influence of fabric material and garment size on the manikin skin-clothing air gap layers existing in single layer thermally protective coveralls is analyzed. Protective performance of these garments is evaluated using the Manikin Thermal Protective Clothing Analysis System. Relationships between the burn patterns, measured on a flash fire manikin and measured manikin-garment air gap layers, are examined. The effects of thermally induced shrinkage as a result of flash fire exposure are discussed in comparisons between single layer protective coverall clothing made with heat resistant fabrics. An established numerical model is used to forecast the dimensions of skin-clothing air gap for optimum thermal protection.
Faming Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the impact of air gap on thermal performance of protective clothing against hot water spray
Textile Research Journal, 2015Co-Authors: Yehu Lu, Guowen Song, Faming WangAbstract:The air gap size and distribution developed between clothing and a human Body play a critical role in clothing performance, specifically for thermal protective clothing. Hot liquid is considered as one of the common hazards in industrial working environments. In this study, the clothing air layer entrapped between protective clothing and a manikin Body was determined using Three-Dimensional Body scanning, and the protective performance provide by the clothing was predicted using an instrumented hot water spray manikin evaluation system. The relationship between the average air gap size and overall protective performance was analyzed. The impact of clothing air gap developed along the human Body on predicted burn injury was considered. In addition, the air gap distribution and its relation to skin burn injury were compared for the selected garments. In general, the results indicated that the average air gap size showed positive effects on the overall protective performance. For all Body parts except the pe...
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performance study of protective clothing against hot water splashes from bench scale test to instrumented manikin test
Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 2015Co-Authors: Guowen Song, Faming WangAbstract:Hot liquid hazards existing in work environments are shown to be a considerable risk for industrial workers. In this study, the predicted protection from fabric was assessed by a modified hot liquid splash tester. In these tests, conditions with and without an air spacer were applied. The protective perfor mance of a garment exposed to hot water spray was investigated by a spray manikin evaluation system. Three-Dimensional Body scanning technique was used to characterize the air gap size between the pro tective clothing and the manikin skin. The relationship between bench scale test and manikin test was discussed and the regression model was established to predict the overall percentage of skin burn while wearing protective clothing. The results demonstrated strong correlations between bench scale test and manikin test. Based on these studies, the overall performance of protective clothing against hot water spray can be estimated on the basis of the results of the bench scale hot water splashes test and the information of air gap size entrapped in clothing. The findings provide effective guides for the design and material selection while developing high performance protective clothing.
Zhaoyan Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Vocal fold contact pressure in a Three-Dimensional Body-cover phonation model
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2019Co-Authors: Zhaoyan ZhangAbstract:The goal of this study is to identify vocal fold geometric and mechanical conditions that are likely to produce large contact pressure and thus high risk of vocal fold injury. Using a Three-Dimensional computational model of phonation, parametric simulations are performed with co-variations in vocal fold geometry and stiffness, with and without a vocal tract. For each simulation, the peak contact pressure is calculated. The results show that the subglottal pressure and the transverse stiffness of the vocal folds in the coronal plane have the largest and most consistent effect on the peak contact pressure, indicating the importance of maintaining a balance between the subglottal pressure and transverse stiffness to avoiding vocal fold injury. The presence of a vocal tract generally increases the peak contact pressure, particularly for an open-mouth vocal tract configuration. While a low degree of vocal fold approximation significantly reduces vocal fold contact pressure, for conditions of moderate and tight vocal fold approximation changes in vocal fold approximation may increase or decrease the peak contact pressure. The effects of the medial surface thickness and vocal fold stiffness along the anterior−posterior direction are similarly inconsistent and vary depending on other control parameters and the vocal tract configuration.The goal of this study is to identify vocal fold geometric and mechanical conditions that are likely to produce large contact pressure and thus high risk of vocal fold injury. Using a Three-Dimensional computational model of phonation, parametric simulations are performed with co-variations in vocal fold geometry and stiffness, with and without a vocal tract. For each simulation, the peak contact pressure is calculated. The results show that the subglottal pressure and the transverse stiffness of the vocal folds in the coronal plane have the largest and most consistent effect on the peak contact pressure, indicating the importance of maintaining a balance between the subglottal pressure and transverse stiffness to avoiding vocal fold injury. The presence of a vocal tract generally increases the peak contact pressure, particularly for an open-mouth vocal tract configuration. While a low degree of vocal fold approximation significantly reduces vocal fold contact pressure, for conditions of moderate and tigh...
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vocal instabilities in a Three Dimensional Body cover phonation model
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2018Co-Authors: Zhaoyan ZhangAbstract:The goal of this study is to identify vocal fold conditions that produce irregular vocal fold vibration and the underlying physical mechanisms. Using a Three-Dimensional computational model of phonation, parametric simulations are performed with co-variations in vocal fold geometry, stiffness, and vocal tract shape. For each simulation, the cycle-to-cycle variations in the amplitude and period of the glottal area function are calculated, based on which the voice is classified into Three types corresponding to regular, quasi-steady or subharmonic, and chaotic phonation. The results show that vocal folds with a large medial surface vertical thickness and low transverse stiffness are more likely to exhibit irregular vocal fold vibration when tightly approximated and subject to high subglottal pressure. Transition from regular vocal fold vibration to vocal instabilities is often accompanied by energy redistribution among the first few vocal fold eigenmodes, presumably due to nonlinear interaction between eigenmodes during vocal fold contact. The presence of a vocal tract may suppress such contact-related vocal instabilities, but also induce new instabilities, particularly for less constricted vocal fold conditions, almost doubling the number of vocal fold conditions producing irregular vibration.
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effect of vocal fold stiffness on voice production in a Three Dimensional Body cover phonation model
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2017Co-Authors: Zhaoyan ZhangAbstract:Although stiffness conditions in the multi-layered vocal folds are generally considered to have a large impact on voice production, their specific role in controlling vocal fold vibration and voice acoustics is unclear. Using a Three-Dimensional Body-cover continuum model of phonation, this study shows that changes in vocal fold stiffness have a large effect on F0 and the means and amplitudes of the glottal area and flow rate. However, varying vocal fold stiffness, particularly along the anterior−posterior direction, has a much smaller effect on the closed quotient, vertical phase difference, and the spectral shape of the output acoustics, which are more effectively controlled by changes in the vertical thickness of the medial surface. These results suggest that although changes in vocal fold stiffness are often correlated with production of different voice types, there is no direct cause−effect relation between vocal fold stiffness and voice types, and the correlation may simply result from the fact that...
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a parametric vocal fold model based on magnetic resonance imaging
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2016Co-Authors: Zhaoyan ZhangAbstract:This paper introduces a parametric Three-Dimensional Body-cover vocal fold model based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the human larynx. Major geometric features that are observed in the MRI images but missing in current vocal fold models are discussed, and their influence on vocal fold vibration is evaluated using eigenmode analysis. Proper boundary conditions for the model are also discussed. Based on control parameters corresponding to anatomic landmarks that can be easily measured, this model can be adapted toward a subject-specific vocal fold model for voice production research and clinical applications.
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numerical investigation of the influence of thyroarytenoid and cricothyroid muscle contraction on the geometry and biomechanical properties of the vocal folds
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2012Co-Authors: Jun Yin, Zhaoyan ZhangAbstract:It is generally accepted that different voice types can be produced for different stiffness and geometry conditions of the vocal folds. However, it remains unclear how the stiffness and geometry of the vocal folds are regulated through laryngeal muscle activation during phonation. A better understanding of such muscular mechanisms of regulating vocal fold properties would provide important insights into the process of physiological control of phonation. In this study, the influence of the activation of the thyroarytenoid (TA) and cricothyroid (CT) muscles on vocal fold geometry and stress distribution within the vocal fold was investigated in a Three-Dimensional Body-cover continuum model of the vocal folds. The results showed that different combinations of the TA and CT activation levels led to different Body-cover stress distributions within the vocal fold. Contraction of the TA muscle also caused the vocal fold to bulge towards the glottal midline and created a medial compression force. The results als...
Yasuwo Fukuyo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cellular and Body scale structure of heterocapsa ovata sp nov and heterocapsa orientalis sp nov peridiniales dinophyceae
Phycologia, 2003Co-Authors: Mitsunori Iwataki, Lizeth Botes, Tomohiro Sawaguchi, Katsushi Sekiguchi, Yasuwo FukuyoAbstract:Abstract Two new armoured dinoflagellate species, Heterocapsa ovata Iwataki & Fukuyo sp. nov. and Heterocapsa orientalis Iwataki, Botes & Fukuyo sp. nov., are described, and their Body scale and cell morphology are illustrated using light, fluorescence, scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy. These species possess a thecal plate arrangement that is typical of the genus Heterocapsa: Po, cp, 5′, 3a, 7″, 6c, 5s, 5″′, 2″″; and they have triradiate Three-Dimensional Body scales consisting of a reticulated basal plate, spine-like uprights, bars, etc. The cells of H. ovata and H. orientalis are not similar in shape to other described species of Heterocapsa, but are ovoid. In addition, the ultrastructure of the Body scales of the two species is different from other Heterocapsa species: relatively simple in H. ovata, but more complex in H. orientalis.
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heterocapsa lanceolata sp nov and heterocapsa horiguchii sp nov peridiniales dinophyceae two new marine dinoflagellates from coastal japan
Phycologia, 2002Co-Authors: Mitsunori Iwataki, Haruyoshi Takayama, Kazumi Matsuoka, Yasuwo FukuyoAbstract:Abstract Heterocapsa lanceolata Iwataki & Fukuyo sp. nov. and H. horiguchii Iwataki, Takayama & Matsuoka sp. nov. are described from the coastal waters of Japan using light, fluorescence and electron microscopies. The thecal plate formula of the two species is: Po, cp, 5′, 3a, 7″, 6c, 5s, 5″′, 2″″. Both species possess Three-Dimensional Body scales. These morphological features are characteristic of the genus Heterocapsa. Heterocapsa lanceolata does not resemble any other described Heterocapsa species, owing to its large epitheca and pointed antapex, whereas H. horiguchii is superficially similar to H. circularisquama, from which it can be distinguished by cell size and the shape and position of the nucleus. The Body scales of each species have a distinct structure, by which the species can be readily distinguished from any other in the genus.
Mitsunori Iwataki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cellular and Body scale structure of heterocapsa ovata sp nov and heterocapsa orientalis sp nov peridiniales dinophyceae
Phycologia, 2003Co-Authors: Mitsunori Iwataki, Lizeth Botes, Tomohiro Sawaguchi, Katsushi Sekiguchi, Yasuwo FukuyoAbstract:Abstract Two new armoured dinoflagellate species, Heterocapsa ovata Iwataki & Fukuyo sp. nov. and Heterocapsa orientalis Iwataki, Botes & Fukuyo sp. nov., are described, and their Body scale and cell morphology are illustrated using light, fluorescence, scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy. These species possess a thecal plate arrangement that is typical of the genus Heterocapsa: Po, cp, 5′, 3a, 7″, 6c, 5s, 5″′, 2″″; and they have triradiate Three-Dimensional Body scales consisting of a reticulated basal plate, spine-like uprights, bars, etc. The cells of H. ovata and H. orientalis are not similar in shape to other described species of Heterocapsa, but are ovoid. In addition, the ultrastructure of the Body scales of the two species is different from other Heterocapsa species: relatively simple in H. ovata, but more complex in H. orientalis.
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heterocapsa lanceolata sp nov and heterocapsa horiguchii sp nov peridiniales dinophyceae two new marine dinoflagellates from coastal japan
Phycologia, 2002Co-Authors: Mitsunori Iwataki, Haruyoshi Takayama, Kazumi Matsuoka, Yasuwo FukuyoAbstract:Abstract Heterocapsa lanceolata Iwataki & Fukuyo sp. nov. and H. horiguchii Iwataki, Takayama & Matsuoka sp. nov. are described from the coastal waters of Japan using light, fluorescence and electron microscopies. The thecal plate formula of the two species is: Po, cp, 5′, 3a, 7″, 6c, 5s, 5″′, 2″″. Both species possess Three-Dimensional Body scales. These morphological features are characteristic of the genus Heterocapsa. Heterocapsa lanceolata does not resemble any other described Heterocapsa species, owing to its large epitheca and pointed antapex, whereas H. horiguchii is superficially similar to H. circularisquama, from which it can be distinguished by cell size and the shape and position of the nucleus. The Body scales of each species have a distinct structure, by which the species can be readily distinguished from any other in the genus.