The Experts below are selected from a list of 10872 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Toyoki Kozai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Effects of Planting Density and Air Current Speed on the Growth and Uniformity of Qing-geng-cai and Spinach Plug Seedlings in a Closed Transplant Production System
Environment Control in Biology, 2008Co-Authors: Shingo Yokoi, Toyoki Kozai, Eiji Goto, Masao Nishimura, Katsunori Taguchi, Yasuhiro IshigamiAbstract:Qing-geng-cai (Brassica chinensis L., cv. Seitei) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea L., cv. Sunlight) seedlings were grown in plug trays at 3 planting densities and 2 air current speeds either in a closed Transplant Production system (CTPS) or in a greenhouse in which the air current speed was not controlled. The growth parameters such as dry mass, plant height, and leaf area; uniformity of qing-geng-cai; and growth of spinach seedlings decreased with the increase in planting density in the CTPS. At higher air current speeds, the growth of the qing-geng-cai seedlings decreased. However, the growth of the spinach seedlings was not affected by the air current speed. Based on these results, the differences in the extent of mutual shading and space in the seedling populations caused by the differences in canopy height and leaf angle appear to be responsible for differences in the effect of air current speed on the growth of seedlings of each species. The growth and uniformity of qing-geng-cai and the growth of spinach seedlings were greater in the CTPS than in the greenhouse. Based on the abovementioned results, we conclude that growth in the CTPS facilitates denser seedling Production and shorter Production period in comparison to that in the greenhouse.
-
Radiation exchange factors between specular inner surfaces of a rectangular enclosure such as Transplant Production unit
Energy Conversion and Management, 2005Co-Authors: Ahmed M. Abdel-ghany, Toyoki KozaiAbstract:Abstract General mathematical relations are presented for the specular exchange factors, F S , of diffuse radiation exchange between the inner surfaces of a rectangular enclosure. Three of these surfaces are specular reflectors, diffuse emitters and the fourth surface is a diffuse reflector, diffuse emitter. This enclosure can be used as a Transplant Production unit with artificial lighting for electric energy saving purposes. An image system and the crossed string method are used to derive these relations. The resulting expressions are conceptually simple and similar to the commonly known expressions of the exchange factors between diffuse surfaces, F . The accuracy of the presented F S relations was examined for different numbers of multiple reflections, N , on the specular surfaces and for different aspect ratios (ratio of the width, w to the height, h ). The results proved that the relations are accurate and strongly satisfy the well-known relation of the radiation exchange between enclosure surfaces and satisfy the reciprocity relation. For any aspect ratio, considering N of 150 between highly reflective surfaces ( ρ = 0.99) is sufficient to estimate the F S factors without any possible error. Using specular reflecting surfaces in such cases significantly reduces the electric energy consumption used for lighting.
-
A PRECISE IRRIGATION SYSTEM WITH AN ARRAY OF NOZZLES FOR PLUG Transplant Production
Transactions of the ASAE, 2005Co-Authors: K. Ohyama, H. Murase, Shingo Yokoi, T. Hasegawa, Toyoki KozaiAbstract:A precise irrigation system with a 6 × 12 array of needle-like nozzles was developed for plug Transplant Production using 72-cell plug trays. When a command for irrigation is given to the system, all of the nozzles are directly inserted into the corresponding cells at the same time to discharge a predetermined amount of water or nutrient solution. The amount of irrigated water from each nozzle (Q) can be controlled by adjusting the discharge time to keep the solenoid valve open (T) and by discharge pressure (P). The objectives of the present study were: (1) to obtain quantitative data for the control of Q, and (2) to examine the performance of the system during a plug Transplant Production period of 20 days. By adjusting T of each nozzle individually and P, a uniform distribution of Q was achieved over the tray. Consequently, a high value of Christiansen coefficient of uniformity was obtained (97.2% to 98.4%). During the plug Transplant Production period, the volumetric water content in each cell could be controlled by using the system without any growth deterioration of the Transplants owing to the root damage caused by the nozzle insertion into the substrate. These results demonstrate that this system is feasible for precise irrigation management of plug Transplant Production.
-
photoautotrophic sugar free medium micropropagation as a new micropropagation and Transplant Production system
2005Co-Authors: Toyoki Kozai, F Afreen, S M A ZobayedAbstract:Preface Contributors Acknowledgements 1. Introduction T. Kozai 2. Units and terminology use for the studies of photoautotrophic micropropagation T. Kozai, C. Kubota 3. Concepts, definitions, ventilation methods, advantages and disadvantages T. Kozai, C. Kubota 4. In vitro aerial environments and their effects on growth and development of plants T. Kozai, C. Kubota 5. In vitro root zone environments and their effects on growth and development of plants T. Kozai, C. Kubota 6. Physiological and anatomical characteristics of in vitro photoautotrophic plants F. Afreen 7. Photoautotrophic plant conversion in the process of somatic embryogenesis F. Afreen, S.M.A. Zobayed 8. Photoautotrophic micropropagation of woody species Q.T. Nguyen, T. Kozai 9. Ventilation in micropropagation S.M.A. Zobayed 10. A commercialized photoautotrophic micropropagation system using large vessels with forced ventilation Y. Xiao, T. Kozai 11. Low temperature storage of plants under dim light C. Kubota 12. Modelling and simulation for Production planning in photoautotrophic micropropagation C. Kubota 13. Modelling and simulation in photoautotrophic micropropagation G. Niu 14. Frequently asked questions C. Kubota, T. Kozai 15. Plant species successfully micropropagated photoautotrophically C. Kubota, F. Afreen, S.M.A. Zobayed 16. Reconsideration of conventional micropropagation systems T. Kozai 17. Closed systems with lamps for high quality Transplant Production at low costs using minimum resources T. Kozai 18. Concluding remarks S.M.A. Zobayed, F. Afreen Subject Index
-
a comparison between closed type and open type Transplant Production systems with respect to quality of tomato plug Transplants and resource consumption during summer
Environment control in biology, 2003Co-Authors: Katsumi Ohyama, Chieri Kubota, Koji Manabe, Yoshitaka Omura, Toyoki KozaiAbstract:Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentumMill., cv. Momotaro) plug Transplants were grown in a closed-type (CTPS) and an open-type (OTPS ; i.e., greenhouse) Transplant Production systems during summer (11-15 August to 1 September, 2000) . The quality of Transplants and water consumption in the CTPS were compared with those in the OTPS. Electric energy consumption per Transplant was estimated in the CTPS. The CTPS was a system designed to produce Transplants under artificial light in a relatively airtight structure with thermally insulated walls, and to produce high quality Transplants using minimal resources. The CTPS employed a sub-irrigation system. Air temperature in the CTPS was maintained at 28°C during a 16 h photoperiod and at 19°C during an 8 h dark period by using an air conditioner. The OTPS employed an overhead irrigation system. Air temperature in the OTPS was partly controlled by using roof and side ventilators, but varied from 23 to 43°C depending on the weather conditions. The quality of Transplants was higher in the CTPS than in the OTPS. Electric energy consumption per Transplant in the CTPS was 0.7 MJ (0.2 kWh), which corresponded to a cost of 2.9-3.2 Japanese Yen. The amount of water consumed during the Transplant Production period in the CTPS was 1/12-1/16 of that in the OTPS. These results suggested that value-added Transplants could be produced at a lower water consumption of resources in the CTPS than in the OTPS at low electricity consumption.
Changhoo Chun - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
The Combined Conditions of Photoperiod, Light Intensity, and Air Temperature Control the Growth and Development of Tomato and Red Pepper Seedlings in a Closed Transplant Production System
Sustainability, 2020Co-Authors: Hyunseung Hwang, Minh Duy Pham, Meiyan Cui, Changhoo ChunAbstract:Understanding environmental factors is essential to maximizing the biomass Production of plants. There have been many studies on the effects of the photosynthetic photon flux (PPF), photoperiod and air temperature as separate factors affecting plants, including under a closed Transplant Production system (CTPS). However, few studies have investigated the combined effects of these factors on plant growth. Germinated tomato and red pepper seedlings were transferred to three different photoperiods with five different photosynthetic photon fluxes (PPFs) at an air temperature of 25/20 °C to investigate plant growth under a different daily light integral (DLI). Three different air temperatures, 23/20, 25/20, and 27/20 °C (photo/dark periods), with five different PPFs were used to examine plant growth under different DIFs (difference between the day and night temperature). Increasing the DLI from 4.32 to 21.60 mol·m−2·d−1, either by increasing the photoperiod or PPF, improved the growth of seedlings in both cultivars. However, when comparing treatments that provided the same DLI, tomato seedlings had s significantly higher growth when grown under longer photoperiods and s lower PPF. Even in higher DLI conditions, reduced growth due to higher PPF indicated that excessive light energy was a limiting factor. At 23 and 25 °C, tomato seedlings showed similar correlation curves between growth and PPF. However, at the higher temperature of 27 °C, while the slope of the curve at low PPFs was similar to that of the curves at lower temperatures, the slope at high PPFs was flatter. On the other hand, red pepper seedlings displayed the same correlation curve between growth and PPF at all tested temperatures, and red pepper plants accumulated more dry weight even at higher temperatures. These results suggested that the combination effect was more useful to observe these overall tendencies, especially in reacting to a second factor. This will provide us with more information and a deeper understanding of plant characteristics and how they will behave under changing environments.
-
Simulation of the Number of Strawberry Transplants Produced by an Autotrophic Transplant Production Method in a Plant Factory with Artificial Lighting
Horticulturae, 2020Co-Authors: Seon Woo Park, Sung Kyeom Kim, Yurina Kwack, Changhoo ChunAbstract:To verify the productivity of the autotrophic Transplant Production method (ATPM), a novel propagation method in a plant factory with artificial lighting for Transplant Production (T-PFAL), strawberry Transplants were produced by the ATPM for 365 days. A total of 3497 Transplants were produced by the ATPM over 365 days with nine propagules in a cultivation area of 3.6 m2 in the T-PFAL. When the simulated results were fit with the measured results, the propagation cycle timescales from planting propagules to producing the first, second, and third runner plants were 15, 27, and 43 days, respectively. The cumulative number of Transplants (CNT) produced from 5, 10, and 20 initial propagules in a cultivation area of 36 m2 over 365 days was simulated by the verified program along with the propagation cycles, and these values were 27,970, 30,010, and 31,900, respectively. The simulated CNTs from nine initial propagules in 18 and 72 m2 over 365 days were 15,950 and 55,940, respectively. These results indicate that the ATPM is an appropriate propagation method to produce Transplants rapidly in a T-PFAL, especially when the number of propagules or propagules is limited.
-
Root-zone cooling affects growth and development of paprika Transplants grown in rockwool cubes
Horticulture Environment and Biotechnology, 2014Co-Authors: Yurina Kwack, Dong Sub Kim, Changhoo ChunAbstract:The possibility of improving the efficiency of Transplant Production during a summer season was studied by applying partial cooling of the root-zone during the cultivation of paprika Transplants in a greenhouse. Paprika seedlings produced in a closed Transplant Production system were transferred to rockwool cubes, and cool-water circulation systems using plastic and stainless pipes were tested in a greenhouse during a summer season. The root-zone temperature of rockwool cubes and growth and development of paprika Transplants as affected by root-zone cooling were investigated. When plastic pipes were used, the cooling efficacy by circulation of cool water (17°C) was the greatest and the temperature of rockwool cubes decreased by 3.6°C during the day time on a sunny day. Partial cooling of the root-zone enhanced root growth and increased number of flowers as compared with the Transplants grown on uncooled rockwool cubes. The results indicate that partial cooling of the root-zone can alleviate damages to Transplants commonly caused under high air temperature conditions, which could efficiently improve the paprika Transplant Production efficiency in greenhouses during the summer season.
-
Comparison of Six Spent Mushroom Composts As Growing Media for Transplant Production of Lettuce
Compost Science & Utilization, 2012Co-Authors: Yurina Kwack, J.h. Song, Y. Shinohara, T. Maruo, Changhoo ChunAbstract:We investigated the physical and chemical properties of six spent mushroom composts (SMCs) and addressed the possibility of reusing SMCs as growing media for Transplant Production by comparing the seed germination and growth characteristics of lettuce Transplants grown in the SMC-based media. The tested SMCs were collected from factory-like mushroom Production systems that produced major mushrooms, such as Agaricus bisporus, Flammulina velutipes, Pleurotus eryngii, Hipsizigus marmoreus, Grifola frondosa and Pholiota nameko. We used SMCs discharged from factory-like mushroom Production systems because of their year-round uniformity in composition. SMC uniformity is critical for plant growing media used in Transplant Production that requires highly sophisticated control of edaphic environments. The six tested SMCs had a higher nutrient content than the commercial medium and the bunasimezi SMC had the highest bulk density. The pH and EC of the white button mushroom SMC were higher than those of other SMCs. L...
-
Improvement of runner plant Production by increasing photosynthetic photon flux during strawberry Transplant propagation in a closed Transplant Production system.
Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology, 2010Co-Authors: Sung Kyeom Kim, Mi Seon Jeong, Seon Woo Park, Moo Jung Kim, Changhoo ChunAbstract:The formation and elongation of runners, growth of runner plants, and Transplant propagation rates of 'Maehyang' strawberry were investigated at various photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) levels. Strawberry plants having 3.1 ± 0.4 leaves and 7.0 ± 1.1 ㎜ of crown diameter were used as propagules and were cultured for 35 days in 9 Transplant Production modules using fluorescent lamps as artificial lighting sources. Applied PPF levels were 137.4 ± 2.1, 217.0 ± 1.0, and 274.7 ± 8.4 μmolㆍm?²ㆍs?¹ as measured on the surfaces of empty shelves. The numbers of runners and runner plants per propagule were the greatest at 280 μmolㆍm?²ㆍs?¹ PPF. The runner plant propagation rate was 0.27 plant/day/propagule at 280 μmolㆍm?²ㆍs?¹, which was significantly greater than that of conventional propagation methods. Results indicate that high PPF levels promotes the formation of runners and runner plants of strawberry and that the rapid propagation method with high PPF levels can be feasible for Production of vigorous Transplants in a closed Transplant Production system.
M Abad - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
composts from distillery wastes as peat substitutes for Transplant Production
Resources Conservation and Recycling, 2008Co-Authors: M A Bustamante, CANDELARIO PAREDES, Ramón Moral, Emmanuel Agullo, M D Perezmurcia, M AbadAbstract:Abstract The use of composts from distillery wastes as alternative growing media ingredients for Transplant Production instead of peat, whose harvesting constitutes a severe environmental damage, was studied. Two composts were prepared with exhausted grape marc and cattle manure (C1), and with exhausted grape marc and poultry manure (C2). Four vegetable species, lettuce ( Lactuca sativa ), chard ( Beta vulgaris ), broccoli ( Brassica oleracea ) and coriander ( Coriandrum sativum ) were grown. Nine substrates were compared: limed white peat (control); compost C1; compost C2; and six mixtures containing 25%, 50% and 75% by volume of each compost with the corresponding peat as diluent. The germination and the effects on the Transplant morphological and nutritional aspects of the different mixtures peat/compost considered were studied. All media elaborated showed adequate physical, physico-chemical and chemical properties compared to peat for their use as growing media in horticulture, being these two composts suitable ingredients for the partial substitution of peat, in quantities of 25–50% by volume, without causing any loss in the yield and in the results obtained for the nutritional status when compared to those obtained using the control.
-
composts as media constituents for vegetable Transplant Production
Compost Science & Utilization, 2004Co-Authors: Miguel A Sanchezmonedero, M Abad, A Roig, J Cegarra, Pilar M Bernal, Patricia Noguera, Angel AntonAbstract:The use of compost with high salt concentration was evaluated, under commercial conditions, as a potential growing media constituent for vegetable Transplant Production. Two composts were prepared from sweet sorghum bagasse, pine bark, and either urea (compost A) or brewery sludge (compost B) as N source. Three vegetable species — broccoli (Brassica oleracea), tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum), and onion (Allium cepa) with different tolerance to salinity were used. Eleven substrates were formulated and tested: a control consisting of a moss peat-based commercial substrate; compost A; compost B; and, eight mixtures containing 33 or 67% by volume of each compost with either raw peat moss or commercial substrate as diluent. All the substrates prepared had suitable physical, physicochemical and chemical properties for use as growing media, except for the electrical conductivity (ranging from 3.20 to 13.21 dS m−1) which was above the reference levels for soilless cultivation. Broccoli was the least affected by ...
M A Bustamante - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
the challenge of peat substitution in organic seedling Production optimization of growing media formulation through mixture design and response surface analysis
PLOS ONE, 2015Co-Authors: F G Ceglie, Mouna Ben Amara, M A Bustamante, Francesca TittarelliAbstract:Peat replacement is an increasing demand in containerized and Transplant Production, due to the environmental constraints associated to peat use. However, despite the wide information concerning the use of alternative materials as substrates, it is very complex to establish the best materials and mixtures. This work evaluates the use of mixture design and surface response methodology in a peat substitution experiment using two alternative materials (green compost and palm fibre trunk waste) for Transplant Production of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.); melon, (Cucumis melo L.); and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in organic farming conditions. In general, the substrates showed suitable properties for their use in seedling Production, showing the best plant response the mixture of 20% green compost, 39% palm fibre and 31% peat. The mixture design and applied response surface methodology has shown to be an useful approach to optimize substrate formulations in peat substitution experiments to standardize plant responses.
-
composts from distillery wastes as peat substitutes for Transplant Production
Resources Conservation and Recycling, 2008Co-Authors: M A Bustamante, CANDELARIO PAREDES, Ramón Moral, Emmanuel Agullo, M D Perezmurcia, M AbadAbstract:Abstract The use of composts from distillery wastes as alternative growing media ingredients for Transplant Production instead of peat, whose harvesting constitutes a severe environmental damage, was studied. Two composts were prepared with exhausted grape marc and cattle manure (C1), and with exhausted grape marc and poultry manure (C2). Four vegetable species, lettuce ( Lactuca sativa ), chard ( Beta vulgaris ), broccoli ( Brassica oleracea ) and coriander ( Coriandrum sativum ) were grown. Nine substrates were compared: limed white peat (control); compost C1; compost C2; and six mixtures containing 25%, 50% and 75% by volume of each compost with the corresponding peat as diluent. The germination and the effects on the Transplant morphological and nutritional aspects of the different mixtures peat/compost considered were studied. All media elaborated showed adequate physical, physico-chemical and chemical properties compared to peat for their use as growing media in horticulture, being these two composts suitable ingredients for the partial substitution of peat, in quantities of 25–50% by volume, without causing any loss in the yield and in the results obtained for the nutritional status when compared to those obtained using the control.
Katsumi Ohyama - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
a comparison between closed type and open type Transplant Production systems with respect to quality of tomato plug Transplants and resource consumption during summer
Environment control in biology, 2003Co-Authors: Katsumi Ohyama, Chieri Kubota, Koji Manabe, Yoshitaka Omura, Toyoki KozaiAbstract:Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentumMill., cv. Momotaro) plug Transplants were grown in a closed-type (CTPS) and an open-type (OTPS ; i.e., greenhouse) Transplant Production systems during summer (11-15 August to 1 September, 2000) . The quality of Transplants and water consumption in the CTPS were compared with those in the OTPS. Electric energy consumption per Transplant was estimated in the CTPS. The CTPS was a system designed to produce Transplants under artificial light in a relatively airtight structure with thermally insulated walls, and to produce high quality Transplants using minimal resources. The CTPS employed a sub-irrigation system. Air temperature in the CTPS was maintained at 28°C during a 16 h photoperiod and at 19°C during an 8 h dark period by using an air conditioner. The OTPS employed an overhead irrigation system. Air temperature in the OTPS was partly controlled by using roof and side ventilators, but varied from 23 to 43°C depending on the weather conditions. The quality of Transplants was higher in the CTPS than in the OTPS. Electric energy consumption per Transplant in the CTPS was 0.7 MJ (0.2 kWh), which corresponded to a cost of 2.9-3.2 Japanese Yen. The amount of water consumed during the Transplant Production period in the CTPS was 1/12-1/16 of that in the OTPS. These results suggested that value-added Transplants could be produced at a lower water consumption of resources in the CTPS than in the OTPS at low electricity consumption.
-
Development of Closed-type Transplant Production System and Its Application.
Shokubutsu Kojo Gakkaishi, 2003Co-Authors: Katsumi Ohyama, Toyoki Kozai, Changhoo ChunAbstract:The closed system is defined as a warehouse-like structure covered with opaque thermally insulated walls, multi-shelves with lamps, home-use air conditioners, and other equipments for water and CO2 supply. Environments inside the closed system are not disturbed and thus can be controlled as desired. Ventilation is restricted at minimum to minimize resource consumption and environmental pollution, and to prevent insects and/or pathogens from entering into the system. It was estimated that the initial cost for construction of the closed system per Transplant could be the same as that of the open system (i.e., greenhouse). Optimally controlled environments in the closed system enhanced the growth and development of several Transplants so that the Production period in the closed system was reduced by 10 to 50%, compared with that in the open system.Electric energy consumption per Transplant in the closed system was 0.3-0.6 MJ, and its cost was 1-2 Japanese Yen. Water and CO2 consumptions in the closed system were, respectively, about 1/15 and 1/5 of those in the open system. Transplant quality (vigor, growth uniformity, controlled flower development, etc.) was higher in the closed system than in the open system. We concluded that high quality Transplants could be produced within a significantly shorter period and with less consumption of resources in the closed system than in the open system. Hence, the closed system was economically competitive over the open system for many horticultural, medicinal and other crops.
-
sweetpotato propagule Production rate and electric energy consumption in a closed Transplant Production system as affected by planting density
Shokubutsu Kankyo Kogaku, 2002Co-Authors: Lok Yee Hin, Chieri Kubota, Katsumi Ohyama, Toyoki KozaiAbstract:Multiplication ratio (number of average of harvestable propagules per stock plant, M) and electric energy consumption per propagule (Ep) at four levels of planting density (59, 118, 236 and 473 m-2) were investigated for sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) vegetative propagation in a closed Transplant Production system. After n multiplication cycles, total number of harvestable propagules (Nn) and electric energy consumption per propagule (Ep, n) in the system were estimated by using mathematical models. Single nodal cuttings were used as propagules and grown to 14 days under photosynthetic photon flux of 140, 200 and 320μ mol·m-2·s-1 during 1 to 5, 6 to 10 and 11 to 14 days after planting, respectively. Other environmental conditions included photoperiod of 16 h·d-1, air temperature of 29°C, and CO2 concentration of 920μmol·mo1-1. At the planting densities of 59, 118, 236 and 473 m-2, M were 5.9, 6.4, 3.8 and 2.3, respectively, and Ep, 1 were 0.41, 0.19, 0.16 and 0.13 kWh (electricity cost : 6.2, 2.9, 2.4 and 2.0 Yen), respectively. Results suggest that Production can be optimized and electricity cost can be reduced by manipulating planting densities.
-
Energy and Mass Balance of a Closed-type Transplant Production System (Part 2) : Water Balance
Shokubutsu Kojo Gakkaishi, 2000Co-Authors: Katsumi Ohyama, Keita Yoshinaga, Toyoki KozaiAbstract:Water balance of the closed-type Transplant Production system with artificial lighting was investigated. Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. cv. Beniazuma) plants were grown for 15 days at photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) on the tray surface of 100, 200 and 300 μmol m-2 s-1 on days 0-2, 3-11 and 12-14, air temperature of 30°C, CO2 concentration of 1000 μmol mol-1, relative humidity of 80/100% (photoperiod/dark period) inside the system and photoperiod of 16 h d-1. Daily amounts of evapotranspirated and dehumidified water were increased with time due to increases in evapotranspiration area and PPF. Daily amount of dehumidified water was 90-95 % of the sum of evapotranspirated and humidified water. The amounts of irrigated, evapotranspirated, humidified and dehumidified water during the experiment were 49.5, 36.7, 24.3 and 55.9 kg m-2, respectively. Water contents of plants and soil at the end of the experiment were 1.6 and 10.8 kg m-2, respectively. Water utilization efficiency of the system was 0.93. These results show the amount of water use for Transplant/plant Production can be decreased to 24% of the amount of irrigated and humidified water when dehumidified water was reused for irrigation and humidification. Thus, the closed-type Transplant Production system is suitable for minimizing the water use in Transplant/plant Production.
-
Electric Energy, Water and Carbon Dioxide Utilization Efficiencies of a Closed-Type Transplant Production System
Transplant Production in the 21st Century, 2000Co-Authors: Katsumi Ohyama, Toyoki Kozai, Keita YoshinagaAbstract:The electric energy utilization efficiency (E E ), water utilization efficiency (E E ) and CO2 utilization efficiency (E C ) of a closed-type Transplant Production system (CTPS) were estimated. Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. cv. Beniazuma) plants were grown for 15 days in the CTPS. The E E , E W and E C of the CTPS were 0.006, 0.93 and 0.92, respectively. These results indicate that E W and E C are more than several times higher in the CTPS than in an open-type Transplant Production system such as a greenhouse. The E E of the CTPS was relatively low compared to E W and E C and can be further improved by more efficient lighting and air conditioning systems. Therefore, the CTPS is suitable for Transplant Production with reduced consumption of energy and resources.
