Trichogramma pretiosum

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José Roberto Postali Parra - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • laboratory performance predicts the success of field releases in inbred lines of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum hymenoptera Trichogrammatidae
    PLOS ONE, 2016
    Co-Authors: Aloisio Coelho, Paul F Rugmanjones, Carolina Reigada, Richard Stouthamer, José Roberto Postali Parra
    Abstract:

    In this study we assessed the relationship between the laboratory and field performance of different isofemale lines of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley. In comparative assays, we used three rare mitochondrial haplotypes as genetic markers of the isofemale lines, and by introgressing these mitochondrial haplotypes into each of 15 genetically different nuclear lines, also tested the assumption that mitochondria are neutral markers. In a laboratory trial, 45 isofemale lines (15 nuclear genotypes x three mitochondrial haplotypes) were ranked in three categories (best, intermediate and worst) according to the mean offspring production and the proportion of female offspring. Subsequently, lines from each of the three categories were selected for field releases to quantify field parasitism on Ephestia kuehniella. Temporally separate releases were done in a transgenic Bt cornfield, with four plots, each with 50 points of recapture. The points of recapture consisted of trap cards with eggs of E. kuehniella collected daily. The trap cards were maintained in the laboratory at 25°C until the adult wasps emerged, and the maternal identity of the wasps was determined using qPCR and high-resolution melt curve analysis to determine the mitochondrial haplotype. The results showed that these measures of laboratory performance (fecundity and offspring sex ratio) were good predictors of field success in T. pretiosum. We also report strong evidence discrediting the assumption that mitochondria are neutral, in view of the correlation between performance and mitochondrial haplotype.

  • Trichogramma pretiosum parasitism of pseudoplusia includens and anticarsia gemmatalis eggs at different temperatures
    Biological Control, 2012
    Co-Authors: Regiane Cristina Oliveira De Freitas Bueno, José Roberto Postali Parra, Adeney De Freitas Bueno
    Abstract:

    Abstract Egg parasitism of Trichogramma pretiosum strain RV when presented with eggs of Anticarsia gemmatalis and Pseudoplusia includens was investigated at 18, 20, 22, 25, 28, 30 and 32 °C. The number of eggs parasitized per day decreased for both hosts as a function of the age of parasitoids, reaching 80% of lifetime parasitism more rapidly as temperature increased; on the 4th day at 32 °C and on the 12th day at 18 °C. The lifetime number of parasitized P. includens eggs achieved by the parasitoid maintained at 20 °C (44.95 ± 3.94) differed from the results recorded at 32 °C (28.5 ± 1.33). Differently, the lifetime number of A. gemmatalis parasitized eggs did not differ among the temperatures. When T. pretiosum reached 100% of lifetime parasitism, each adult female had parasitized from 28.5 ± 1.33 to 44.95 ± 3.94 and from 29.58 ± 2.80 to 45.36 ± 4.50 P. includens and A. gemmatalis eggs, respectively. Also, the longevity of these adult T. pretiosum females, for which P. includens or A. gemmatalis eggs were offered, was inversely correlated with temperature. Not only were the survival curves of those adult T. pretiosum females of type I when they were presented with eggs of A. gemmatalis but also with eggs of P. includens , i.e., there was an increase in the mortality rate with time as the temperature increased. In conclusion, T. pretiosum strain RV parasitism was impacted by temperature when on both host eggs; however, the parasitoid still exhibited high survival and, more importantly, high number of parasitized A. gemmatalis and P. includens eggs even at the extremes tested temperatures of 18 and 32 °C. Those results indicate that T. pretiosum strain RV might be well adapted to this studied temperature range and, thus, be potentially suitable for use in biological control programs of P. includens and A. gemmatalis in different geographical areas that fits in this range. It is important to emphasize the results here presented are from laboratory studies and, therefore, field trials still need to be carried out in the future with this strain in order to support the full development of the technology intend to use this egg parasitoid in soybean fields worldwide.

  • effects of pesticides used in soybean crops to the egg parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum
    Ciencia Rural, 2008
    Co-Authors: Adeney De Freitas Bueno, Regiane Cristina Oliveira De Freitas Bueno, José Roberto Postali Parra, Simone Silva Vieira
    Abstract:

    This research aimed to study the effects of different insecticides, herbicides and fungicides on eggs, larvae and pupae of Trichogramma pretiosum. The results showed that studied pesticides had different impact on T. pretiosum. Esfenvalerate 7.5 and spinosad 24.0 grams ha-1 were classified as harmfull (class 4) while clorfluazuron 10.0, methoxyfenozide 19.2, lactofen 165.0, fomesafen 250.0, fluazifop 125.0, glyphosate 960.0 (Gliz® and Roundup Transorb®), azoxistrobin + ciproconazol 60.0 + 24.0, azoxistrobin 50.0 and myclobutanil 125.0 grams ha-1 were chemicals classified as harmless to all imature T. pretiosum stages. All the other chemicals evaluated had different impact on T. pretiosum being classified from harmless (class 1) to harmful (class 4) varying the impact accordingly to the different parasitoid stage. Then, less noxious products should be chosen whenever possible to be used in a soybean IPM program.

  • biologia e parasitismo de Trichogramma atopovirilia oatman platner e Trichogramma pretiosum riley hymenoptera Trichogrammatidae em ovos de spodoptera frugiperda j e smith lepidoptera noctuidae
    Revista Brasileira De Entomologia, 2004
    Co-Authors: Eduardo B Beserra, José Roberto Postali Parra
    Abstract:

    The parasitism capacity and development of Trichogramma atopovirilia Oatman & Platner and Trichogramma pretiosum Riley were studied in order to select the most suitable species to control Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). The experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions at 25±2oC, 70±10% RH and 14L:10D photoperiod. Both T. atopovirilia and T. pretiosum showed good development and adaptation to S. frugiperda eggs even after being reared for several generations in eggs of Anagasta kuehniella Zeller. However, T. atopovirilia females were more aggressive and showed higher specificity to the pest, with a higher parasitism capacity in eggs laid with different physical barriers and were more accepted by the natural host in comparison with A. kuehniella. Because of the higher parasitism rate and specificity of T. atopovirilia to the pest's egg this species should be given preference to control S. frugiperda.

  • fertility life table of Trichogramma pretiosum hym Trichogrammatidae in eggs of tuta absoluta and phthorimaea operculella lep gelechiidae at different temperatures
    Journal of Applied Entomology, 2000
    Co-Authors: D Pratissoli, José Roberto Postali Parra
    Abstract:

    Abstract: The aim of this work was to study the reproductive potential of Trichogramma pretiosum reared on Tuta absoluta and Phthorimaea operculella eggs through fertility life tables at different temperatures. The development cycle and the parasitization capacity of this parasitoid was determined in order to calculate the net reproductive rate (Ro), the infinitesimal increase ratio (rm), the finite increase rate (λ) and the mean duration of the generation (T). The mean duration of one generation of T. pretiosum kept on both eggs was observed to show an inverse relation with the increase of temperature. The net reproduction rate varied according to the temperature variation for both species. The maximum increase in capacity of T. pretiosum on the first host (T. absoluta) was reached at 22°C and on the second host (P. operculella) between 22 and 25°C. The infinitesimal increase rate and the finite increase rate for both moths had a relationship with the increase of temperature ranging from 18 to 30°C. The highest value of λ for both moths occurred at 30 and 32°C according to the lesser duration of a generation.

José Eduardo Serrão - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Ulysses Rodrigues Vianna - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Parasitism Capacity of Trichogramma pretiosum and
    2016
    Co-Authors: Ulysses Rodrigues Vianna, Josimar Souza, Domingo O Zinger, João Rafael, Conte Carvalho Alencar, Germano Leão, Demolin Leite
    Abstract:

    The objective of this work was to evaluate the parasitism capacity of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley and T. acacioi Brun, Moraes and Soares (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in eggs of the alternative host Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) aiming to use both species in biological control programs of Nipteria panacea Tierry-Mieg (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). The parasitism rhythm and total parasitism of these parasitoid species were affected by the temperature with higher values during the first 24 h of their life. Parasitism period was longer for T. pretiosum and T. acacioi at the lowest temperature

  • Does mating interfere in the biological characteristics of a population of Trichogramma pretiosum
    Anais Da Academia Brasileira De Ciencias, 2013
    Co-Authors: Thiago G. Kloss, José Romário De Carvalho, Ulysses Rodrigues Vianna, Fernando Domingo Zinger, João Paulo Pereira Paes
    Abstract:

    Trichogramma spp. are parasitoids used in the regulation of insect populations that can cause economic damage. In order to ensure good performance, understanding some of their biological characteristics is essential. The objective of this study is to evaluate whether mating interferes with the biological characteristics of a population of Trichogramma pretiosum collected in the field. In all experiments, groups of mated and unmated females were used. We also verified any interference from mating on the biological characteristics of the offspring. We found that mating can alter the parasitism and longevity of genitor females, in addition to changing longevity among the descendants, but once parasitized, the eggs develop normally, showing similar emergence percentage and number of offspring as those from unmated females. In addition, we verified that the population of T. pretiosum collected in the field presented individuals with reproductive thelytokous and arrhenotokous characteristics. This fact highlights the importance of careful investigation on the reproduction mode of populations collected in the field, thus avoiding problems in the effective management of insect populations.

  • Insecticide toxicity to Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) females and effect on descendant generation
    Ecotoxicology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Ulysses Rodrigues Vianna, Jay Brunner, Fabrício F. Pereira, Eraldo R Lima, José Eduardo Serrão
    Abstract:

    The effect of nine insecticides used in tomato production was evaluated on adults of two Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) populations from Rive and Afonso Cláudio, Espírito Santo State, Brazil. The experiment was developed in an acclimatized chamber at 25 ± 1°C, 70 ± 10% relative humidity and 14 h photophase. Eggs of Anagasta kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), previously immersed in insecticides solutions were offered to females of both T. pretiosum populations. Bacillus thuringiensis , lufenuron and triflumuron had lowest negative effects on parasitism and viability of individuals of these populations; however, abamectin and pyrethroids (betacyflurin 50 and 125 g/l and esfenvalerate) insecticides reduced parasitism rates. T. pretiosum emerged from A. kuehniella eggs treated with esfenvalerate but were not able to parasitize non treated eggs of this host. B. thuringiensis , lufenuron and triflumuron may be used in integrated pest management programs to control tomato pests, because they have moderated negative effect on parasitoid wasps.

  • Parasitism Capacity of Trichogramma pretiosum and Trichogramma acacioi (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae) on eggs of Sitotroga cerealella (Lep.: Gelechiidae)
    Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Ulysses Rodrigues Vianna, Josimar Souza Andrade, Fernando Domingo Zinger, João Rafael De Conte Carvalho De Alencar, Germano Leao Demolin Leite
    Abstract:

    The objective of this work was to evaluate the parasitism capacity of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley and T. acacioi Brun, Moraes and Soares (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in eggs of the alternative host Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) aiming to use both species in biological control programs of Nipteria panacea Tierry-Mieg (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). The parasitism rhythm and total parasitism of these parasitoid species were affected by the temperature with higher values during the first 24 h of their life. Parasitism period was longer for T. pretiosum and T. acacioi at the lowest temperature.

  • thermal requirements of Trichogramma pretiosum and t acacioi hym Trichogrammatidae parasitoids of the avocado defoliator nipteria panacea lep geometridae in eggs of two alternative hosts
    Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 2005
    Co-Authors: Ulysses Rodrigues Vianna, Josimar Souza Andrade, Tobias Baruc Moreira Pinon, Gilberto Santos Andrade
    Abstract:

    O objetivo desta pesquisa foi estudar as exigencias termicas de Trichogramma pretiosum e T. acacioi (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), parasitoides de Nipteria panacea (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), em ovos dos hospedeiros alternativos Anagasta kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) e Sitotroga cerealella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) visando utilizar estes inimigos naturais em programas de controle biologico desta praga em pomares de abacate. T. pretiosum apresentou temperaturas base (Tb) de 10.70 e 10.75°C e constantes termicas (K) de 151.83 e 160.04 graus-dia, sendo estes valores de 10.67 e 10.46°C e 158.50 e 155.46 graus-dia para T. acacioi em ovos de A. kuehniella e S. cerealella, respectivamente.

Dirceu Pratissoli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Functional response of Trichogramma pretiosum on Trichoplusia ni eggs at different temperatures and egg densities
    2018
    Co-Authors: André Malacarne Milanez, José Romário De Carvalho, Victor Luiz Souza Lima, Dirceu Pratissoli
    Abstract:

    Abstract: The objective of this work was to determine the functional response of the parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum on Trichoplusia ni eggs at different temperatures (20, 25, and 30ºC) and egg densities (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 eggs). The logistic regression showed a type-II functional response for all temperatures. The search efficiency of T. pretiosum was reported as 0.049±0.0019, 0.069±0.0042 and 0.068±0.0033 per hour, and the estimated handling times were 1.82±0.0424, 1.69±0.0398, and 1.54±0.0498 hour at 20, 25 and 30ºC, respectively. Females of Trichogramma pretiosum show greater efficiency at 30ºC and a type-II functional response. The parasitism rate decreases, when host density increases.

  • Age and density of eggs of Helicoverpa armigera influence on Trichogramma pretiosum parasitism
    Eduem - Editora da Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 2017
    Co-Authors: Vitor Zuim, Dirceu Pratissoli, Hígor De Souza Rodrigues, Jorge Braz Torres, Débora Ferreira Melo Fragoso, Regiane Cristina Oliveira De Freitas Bueno
    Abstract:

    This study evaluated the parasitism of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) on eggs of Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) at different ages and densities. The rates of parasitism and emergence, the number of parasitoids emerged per egg and sex ratio of offspring were evaluated in both experiments. Eggs of H. armigera up to 36 hours provided greater parasitism and emergence of adults compared to eggs up to 60 hours old. The number of parasitoids, which emerged per host egg, was greater than one and the sex ratio remained around 80% of females, regardless of the egg development stage. Females of T. pretiosum responded with superior rates of parasitism, emergence and number of parasitoids per egg at the densities of 20 and 25 eggs of H. armigera. These results indicate that T. pretiosum parasite with superior performance in eggs of up to 36h of age and densities of 20 eggs per female day-1 in laboratory conditions. These results will help to establish the intervals between releases of parasitoids, aiming to control this pest, when adjusted with knowledge of the survival of the parasitoids in the field and in pest infestation

  • REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF Trichogramma pretiosum RILEY ON Trichoplusia ni HÜBNER UNDER DIFFERENT THERMAL CONDITIONS
    Ifes - Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015
    Co-Authors: José Romário De Carvalho, Dirceu Pratissoli, Anderson Mathias Holtz, Leandro Pin Dalvi, Hugo Bolsoni Zago, Wilson Rodrigues Valbon
    Abstract:

    The objective of the present study was to evaluate the reproductive performance of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) on eggs of Trichoplusia ni Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) when submitted to different thermal conditions. Cartons containing eggs of T. ni were daily exposed to parasitism by females of T. pretiosum for 24 h at the temperatures of 18; 21; 24; 27; 30 and 33°C until death of the females. Based on the data collected, fertility life tables were constructed. The greatest daily fertility was obtained in the first day of parasitism for the temperature of 30°C (8.2 eggs/female), while the greatest total fertility was obtained at the temperature of 21°C (23.1 eggs/female). Survival of T. pretiosum was lowest at the highest temperatures. The Ro was similar for the temperature range of 24 to 30°C. The rm and λ were directly proportional to the increase in temperature in the range studied (18 to 33°C). On the other hand, T and Td were inversely proportional to the increase in temperature. Therefore, it was concluded that temperature affects the reproductive performance of T. pretiosum and that the most favorable temperature range for this parasitoid is between 24 and 27°C

  • Trichogramma pretiosum hymenoptera Trichogrammatidae parasitism of trichoplusia ni lepidoptera noctuidae eggs under different temperatures
    Annals of The Entomological Society of America, 2012
    Co-Authors: Thiago Da Silva Altoe, José Romário De Carvalho, João Paulo Pereira Paes, Regiane Cristina Oliveira De Freitas Bueno, Dirceu Pratissoli, Hugo Jose Goncalves Dos Santos, Adeney De Freitas Bueno
    Abstract:

    A study of the biological characteristics and thermal requirements of the parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) on eggs of Trichoplusia ni (Hubner, 1802) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) at several different temperatures was performed in this work. Eggs of T. ni were exposed to T. pretiosum strain Tspd parasitism for 5 hr and then transferred to environmentally controlled growth chambers set at the temperatures of 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, and 33 ± 1°C. The duration of the T. pretiosum egg-to-adult period was affected by temperature, varying from 6 to 18 d over the range of the studied temperatures. The number of individuals emerged per egg and the sex ratio also were affected by temperature variations, but regression analysis did not find correlation between the increase of temperature and the observed variation of these biological parameters. Similarly, parasitism viability (percentage) was influenced by temperature variation, but always exceeded 80% at all tested temperatures. The thermal lower limit of development (Tbase) and the thermal constant (K) for T. pretiosum were 11.84°C and 128.37 DD, respectively. These results here reported indicate that T. pretiosum was impacted by the temperature, however, this parasitoid had a satisfactory performance on T. ni eggs at all studied temperature (from 18 to 33°C), showing potential to be used successfully as a biological control agent of this pest in different regions that fit in this tested temperature range. Also, the rearing temperature of this parasitoid might be changed from 18 to 33°C, according to commercial demands for accelerating or retarding mass production for field releases without damages to the parasitoid development.

  • estimativa de Trichogramma pretiosum para controle de tuta absoluta em tomateiro estaqueado
    Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira, 2005
    Co-Authors: Dirceu Pratissoli, Gilberto Santos Andrade, Luiz Carlos Marozzi Zanotti, Robson Thomaz Thuler, Alexandre Faria Da Silva
    Abstract:

    The objective of this work was to estimate the ideal number of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley to be released in field for the tomato leafminer control Tuta absoluta (Meyrick). An experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, in which tomato plants with 60 days, after the transplantation, were infested with 200 eggs of Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller), an alternative host, in the subsequent ratios: 70% of eggs were put on the top of the plants, 24% on the medium height and 6% on the very bottom of the plants. Females of T. pretiosum were released following the ratios of 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 parasitoids per host egg. Independently of the three distinct plant parts (top, medium or bottom), the ratio of 16 parasitoids per host egg delivered the best results. This ratio value was closer to the ideal number for field releasing in commercial crop production of stalked tomato, aiming the tomato leafminer control.

Anderson Dionei Grutzmacher - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • pesticide selectivity to the parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum a pattern 10 year database and its implications for integrated pest management
    Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2021
    Co-Authors: Matheus Rakes, Juliano De Bastos Pazini, Rafael Antonio Pasini, Maira Chagas Morais, Mikael Bolke Araujo, Enio Junior Seidel, Daniel Bernardi, Anderson Dionei Grutzmacher
    Abstract:

    Abstract Trichogramma pretiosum is one of the main egg parasitoids used in the control of lepidopteran pests in Brazil. This natural enemy can be negatively affected by the use of insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides. The present work used a systematic review and meta-analysis to group information from multiple studies on the selectivity of pesticides (279 commercial products) in rice, corn, soybean, apple and peach crops for immature stages (egg-larva, pre-pupa, and pupa) and adult parasitoids. The selected studies used the International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control (IOBC) methodology with the same adaptations for T. pretiosum. The meta-analysis found that corn crops had the highest frequency of tests (2 0 7). The most frequently tested active ingredients (a.i.) were glyphosate, glyphosate isopropylamine salt, and sulfur at frequencies of 41, 32 and 24 tests, respectively. The pesticides registered for rice crops showed the greatest sublethal effects on T. pretiosum, with an approximately 47% reduction in parasitism (RP) or emergence (RE). The adult stage of the parasitoid showed greater sensitivity to the tested pesticides (65% RP), in comparison to the immature stages. In general, insecticides showed superior toxicity for all development stages of T. pretiosum, compared to herbicides and fungicides, regardless of the recommended dosage for the crop. The present study aggregates information related to selectivity for the four life stages of T. pretiosum, contributing significantly to the integration of biological control and chemical control in rice, corn, soybean, apple and peach crops in Brazil.

  • selectivity of pesticides used in rice crop on telenomus podisi and Trichogramma pretiosum
    Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical, 2016
    Co-Authors: Juliano De Bastos Pazini, Anderson Dionei Grutzmacher, Jose Francisco Da Silva Martins, Rafael Antonio Pasini, Matheus Rakes
    Abstract:

    Telenomus and Trichogramma species stand out as agents for the biological control in rice crops, and the main strategy for preserving them is the use of selective pesticides. This study aimed at evaluating the toxicity of pesticides used in irrigated rice crop on Telenomus podisi Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) and Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Adults of these parasitoids were exposed to dry residues of pesticides, in a completely randomized experiment, with 25 treatments (24 pesticides + control) and four replications. The insecticides clorantraniliprole, flubendiamide and diflubenzuron and the biological insecticides based on Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae were harmless to T. podisi and T. pretiosum. The harmless herbicides were: 2.4-D amine, profoxydim, quinclorac, ethoxysulfuron and saflufenacil. The fungicide epoxiconazole + kresoxim-methyl was also harmless to these two biological control agents. Therefore, these pesticides are indicated for the integrated pest management, in flooded rice areas.

  • Persistência de agrotóxicos utilizados na produção integrada de maçã a Trichogramma pretiosum Persistence of pesticides used in integrated production of apple to Trichogramma pretiosum
    Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2011
    Co-Authors: Sandro Daniel Nornberg, Anderson Dionei Grutzmacher, Adalécio Kovaleski, Jonas Alex Finatto, Murilo Damé Fonseca Paschoal
    Abstract:

    No sistema de Produção Integrada de Maçã (PIM) o controle biológico de pragas é uma importante tática de controle, no entanto, a sua utilização pode ser limitada pela utilização de agrotóxicos. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar a persistência (duração da atividade nociva) de dez agrotóxicos recomendados na PIM sobre o parasitóide de ovos Trichogramma pretiosum. Insetos adultos foram expostos ao contato com resíduos de agrotóxicos pulverizados sobre folhas de videira cv. Isabel, sendo avaliado o efeito residual dos agrotóxicos sobre o parasitismo de T. pretiosum, aos 3, 10, 17, 24 e 31 dias após a pulverização, de acordo com a metodologia sugerida pela IOBC. O parâmetro utilizado para classificar os agrotóxicos foi a redução no parasitismo. Os resultados demonstraram que os produtos comerciais/ingredientes ativos (g ou mL da formulação comercial.100 L-1): o inseticida Malathion® 1000 CE/malationa (100) e os fungicidas Domark® 100 CE/tetraconazole (50), Manzate® 800/mancozebe (200), Mancozebe Sipcam®/mancozebe (200) e Metiltiofan®/tiofanato metilico (90) foram classificados como de vida curta (< 5 dias de ação nociva); o inseticida/acaricida Vertimec® 18 CE/abamectina (100) como levemente persistente (5-15 dias de ação nociva), o inseticida Lorsban® 480 BR/clorpirifós (150) como moderadamente persistente (16-30 dias de ação nociva) e os inseticidas Imidan® 500 PM/fosmete (200) e Sevin® 480 SC/carbaril (360) e o fungicida/acaricida Kumulus® DF/enxofre (600) como persistentes (> 31 dias de ação nociva) a T. pretiosum.In the Integrated Production of Apple (IPA) the biological control is an important control tactics, however, it may be limited by the use of pesticides. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the persistence (duration of harmful activity) of ten pesticides indicated in the IPA on the egg parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum. Insect adults were exposed to pesticide residues on the leaves of vine cv. Isabel. The residue effect was evaluated on parasitism of T. pretiosum, at 3, 10, 17, 24 and 31 days after the treatment, using the IOBC standard methodology. The reduction in capacity of parasitism of T. pretiosum was used to measure the effect of the pesticides. The results showed that the products, commercial name/active ingredient (g or mL commercial formulation.100 L-1), insecticide Malathion® 1000 CE/malathion (100) and the fungicides Domark® 100 CE/tetraconazol (50), Manzate® 800 /mancozeb (200), Mancozeb Sipcam® /mancozeb (200) and Metiltiofan® /thiophanate-methyl (90) were classified as short lived (< 5 days); the insecticide/acaricid Vertimec® 18 CE/abamectin (100) as slightly persistent (5-15 days of harmful action), the insecticide Lorsban® 480 BR/chlorpyrifos (150) as moderately persistent (16-30 days of harmful action), the insecticides Imidan® 500 PM/phosmet (200) and Sevin® 480 SC/carbaryl (360) and the fungicide/acaricid Kumulus® DF/sulphur (600) were persistent (> 31 days of harmful action) to T. pretiosum

  • seletividade de herbicidas registrados para a cultura do milho a adultos de Trichogramma pretiosum hymenoptera Trichogrammatidae
    Planta Daninha, 2008
    Co-Authors: G J Stefanello, Anderson Dionei Grutzmacher, C A B Lima, Douglas Daniel Grutzmacher, D O Dalmozo, M D F Paschoal
    Abstract:

    A seletividade de 24 herbicidas registrados para a cultura do milho foi avaliada a Trichogramma pretiosum em condicoes de laboratorio (temperatura de 25±1 oC, umidade relativa de 70±10%, fotofase de 14 horas e luminosidade de 500 lux). Adultos de T. pretiosum foram colocados em contato com uma pelicula seca dos herbicidas pulverizados sobre placas de vidro e avaliou-se a capacidade de parasitismo das femeas. A reducao na capacidade de parasitismo dos tratamentos foi comparada com a da testemunha (agua destilada) e utilizada para classificar os herbicidas em 1, inocuo ( 99%). Os herbicidas Callisto, Equip Plus, Extrazin SC, Primoleo, Provence 750 WG e Siptran 500 SC sao inocuos (classe 1); Agrisato 480 SL, Gesaprim GrDA, Glifos, Glyphosate Nortox, Gliz 480 SL, Polaris, Primatop SC, Sanson 40 SC, Trop e Zapp Qi, levemente nocivos (classe 2); Finale, Herbadox, Poast, Roundup Original, Roundup Transorb e Roundup WG, moderadamente nocivos (classe 3); e Gramoxone 200 e Primestra Gold, nocivos (classe 4) aos adultos de T. pretiosum, nas dosagens utilizadas. Os herbicidas nocivos (classes 2, 3 e 4) deverao passar para as etapas seguintes, que envolverao testes sobre as fases imaturas do parasitoide em condicoes de laboratorio e adultos a campo.

  • seletividade de formulacoes de glyphosate a Trichogramma pretiosum hymenoptera Trichogrammatidae
    Planta Daninha, 2005
    Co-Authors: Fabrizio Pinheiro Giolo, Anderson Dionei Grutzmacher, Cristiane Gindri Manzoni, Sergio De Oliveira Procopio, C A B Lima, Sandro Daniel Nornberg
    Abstract:

    A study was carried out in the laboratory to investigate the side-effects reported in Brazil of eight glyphosate formulations (Roundup®, Roundup® WG, Roundup® Transorb, Polaris®, Gliz® 480 CS, Glifosato Nortox®, Glifosato 480 Agripec® and Zapp® Qi) on the egg parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum (Hym., Trichogrammatidae). The experiments were carried out by exposing the adult parasitoids to fresh pesticide residues applied on glass plates at a concentration of 14.4 mg L-1 of acid equivalent of glyphosate. The control group was treated with distilled water. Eggs of the alternative host Anagasta kuehniella (Lep., Pyralidae) were offered to parasitism. The capacity of parasitism per T. pretiosum adult female and the reduction in capacity of parasitism compared with the control group were used to estimate toxicity of the product. The formulations were classified into four categories, according to parasitism reduction: 1, harmless ( 99%). The results showed that the side-effects of the glyphosate formulations were dependent on type of salt and that formulations with potassic salt (Zapp® Qi) and ammonium salt (Roundup® WG) were slightly harmful to T. pretiosum adults. The remaining formulations isopropylamine salt (Roundup®, Roundup Transorb®, Polaris®, Gliz® 480 SC, Glifosato Nortox®, Glifosato 480 Agripec®) were moderately harmful to T. pretiosum adults.

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