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Steven L Kuhn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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history chronology and techno typology of the Upper Paleolithic sequence in the shuidonggou area northern china
Journal of World Prehistory, 2019Co-Authors: Steven L Kuhn, Fuyou Chen, Ofer Baryosef, Feng Li, Fei PengAbstract:The timing and behavioral markers of the Upper Paleolithic in different parts of the world are of great importance to research on modern human dispersals. The pattern of behavioral developments in the Upper Paleolithic in northern China differs in important ways from the patterns observed in West Eurasia, Africa, and South Asia. Shuidonggou (SDG), a cluster of Paleolithic sites in northern China, contains several of the most important Upper Paleolithic sites in the region. Various localities yield evidence of three major cultural components dated by 14C, uranium-series, and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) methods to between roughly 46 ka and 10 ka. The oldest component, blade assemblages with western Eurasian early Upper Paleolithic characteristics, appears to be intrusive from Siberia and/or Mongolia, beginning at least 41 ka (e.g., SDG 1 and SDG 9). Advanced core and flake assemblages may mark the appearance of an indigenous Late Paleolithic of North China beginning at around 33 ka (e.g., SDG 2 and SDG 8). Finally, around 10.5 ka, microblade technology arrived in the area (SDG 12), although we are not sure of its origins at present. Other typical Upper Paleolithic cultural remains, such as bone tools and body decorations, have been found at various localities in the SDG area as well (e.g., ostrich eggshell beads from SDG 2, 7, and 8). Information from this cluster of occupations increases our understanding of cultural variability, adaptation, and demographic dynamics of modern humans in Late Pleistocene northern Asia.
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Initial Upper Paleolithic: A (near) global problem and a global opportunity
Archaeological Research in Asia, 2019Co-Authors: Steven L KuhnAbstract:Abstract The Initial Upper Paleolithic is an excellent test case for evaluating different approaches to understanding cultural variation and continuity across broad regions. The central questions about the origins of the IUP, namely the roles of cultural transmission and convergence in explaining its broad distribution across Eurasia, are common to many periods and locations. This chapter begins with a brief overview of the concept of the Initial Upper Paleolithic, its history and the features which define it. It then summarizes some of the major research questions about the IUP phenomenon, and details the contributions of the papers in this special issue toward resolving them.
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rethinking the initial Upper Paleolithic
Quaternary International, 2014Co-Authors: Steven L Kuhn, Nicolas ZwynsAbstract:The term Initial Upper Paleolithic (IUP) was originally proposed to describe a specific assemblage from the site of Boker Tachtit (level 4). The use of the term was subsequently extended to cover the earliest Upper Paleolithic assemblages in the Levant, characterized by forms of blade production that combines elements of Levallois method (faceted platforms, hard hammer percussion, flat-faced cores) with features more typical of Upper Paleolithic blade technologies. More recently, the term IUP has been broadened again to include any early Upper Paleolithic assemblage with Levallois-like features in methods of blade production, irrespective of location. Artifact assemblages conforming to this broadest definition of the IUP have been reported from a vast area, stretching from the Levant through Central and Eastern Europe to the Siberian Altai and Northwest China. Whereas it is indisputable that similar lithic technologies can be found in all of these areas, it is not self-evident that they represent a unified cultural phenomenon. An alternative possibility is convergence, common responses to adapting Mousterian/MSA Levallois technology to the production of blade blanks, or some combination of multiple local origins with subsequent dispersal. In this paper, we suggest that the current definition of IUP has become too broad to address such issues, and that understanding the origins of this phenomenon requires a more explicit differentiation between analogies and homologies in lithic assemblages.
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the early Upper Paleolithic occupations at ucagizli cave hatay turkey
Journal of Human Evolution, 2009Co-Authors: Steven L Kuhn, Mary C. Stiner, Erksin Gulec, Ismail Ozer, Ismail Baykara, Aysen Acikkol, Kenneth Martinez Molina, Hakan Yilmaz, Paul Goldberg, Engin UnayAbstract:This paper summarizes results from excavations at Ucagizli Cave (Hatay, Turkey) between 1999 and 2002 and 2005. This collapsed karstic chamber contains a sequence of early Upper Paleolithic deposits that span an interval between roughly 29,000 and 41,000 (uncalibrated) radiocarbon years BP. Lithic assemblages can be assigned to two major chronostratigraphic units. The earliest assemblages correspond with the Initial Upper Paleolithic, whereas the most recent ones fit within the definition of the Ahmarian. Substantial assemblages of stone tools, vertebrate faunal remains, ornaments, osseous artifacts, and other cultural materials provide an unusually varied picture of human behavior during the earliest phases of the Upper Paleolithic in the northern Levant. The sequence at Ucagizli Cave documents the technological transition between Initial Upper Paleolithic and Ahmarian, with a high degree of continuity in foraging and technological activities. The sequence also documents major shifts in occupational intensity and mobility.
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The early Upper Paleolithic occupations at U ¨ çag ˘izli Cave (Hatay, Turkey)
2009Co-Authors: Steven L Kuhn, Mary C. Stiner, Ismail Baykara, Paul Goldberg, Fadime Suata-alpaslanAbstract:This paper summarizes results from excavations at U ¨ cag ˘izli Cave (Hatay, Turkey) between 1999 and 2002 and 2005. This collapsed karstic chamber contains a sequence of early Upper Paleolithic deposits that span an interval between roughly 29,000 and 41,000 (uncalibrated) radiocarbon years BP. Lithic assemblages can be assigned to two major chronostratigraphic units. The earliest assemblages corre- spond with the Initial Upper Paleolithic, whereas the most recent ones fit within the definition of the Ahmarian. Substantial assemblages of stone tools, vertebrate faunal remains, ornaments, osseous arti- facts, and other cultural materials provide an unusually varied picture of human behavior during the earliest phases of the Upper Paleolithic in the northern Levant. The sequence at U ¨ cag ˘izli Cave documents the technological transition between Initial Upper Paleolithic and Ahmarian, with a high degree of continuity in foraging and technological activities. The sequence also documents major shifts in occu- pational intensity and mobility.
Lawrence Guy Straus - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Chronological reassessment of the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition and Early Upper Paleolithic cultures in Cantabrian Spain.
PloS one, 2018Co-Authors: Ana B. Marín-arroyo, Lawrence Guy Straus, Joseba Rios-garaizar, Jennifer R. Jones, Marco De La Rasilla, Manuel R. González Morales, Michael P. Richards, Jesús Altuna, Koro Mariezkurrena, David OcioAbstract:Methodological advances in dating the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition provide a better understanding of the replacement of local Neanderthal populations by Anatomically Modern Humans. Today we know that this replacement was not a single, pan-European event, but rather it took place at different times in different regions. Thus, local conditions could have played a role. Iberia represents a significant macro-region to study this process. Northern Atlantic Spain contains evidence of both Mousterian and Early Upper Paleolithic occupations, although most of them are not properly dated, thus hindering the chances of an adequate interpretation. Here we present 46 new radiocarbon dates conducted using ultrafiltration pre-treatment method of anthropogenically manipulated bones from 13 sites in the Cantabrian region containing Mousterian, Aurignacian and Gravettian levels, of which 30 are considered relevant. These dates, alongside previously reported ones, were integrated into a Bayesian age model to reconstruct an absolute timescale for the transitional period. According to it, the Mousterian disappeared in the region by 47.9-45.1ka cal BP, while the Châtelperronian lasted between 42.6k and 41.5ka cal BP. The Mousterian and Châtelperronian did not overlap, indicating that the latter might be either intrusive or an offshoot of the Mousterian. The new chronology also suggests that the Aurignacian appears between 43.3-40.5ka cal BP overlapping with the Châtelperronian, and ended around 34.6-33.1ka cal BP, after the Gravettian had already been established in the region. This evidence indicates that Neanderthals and AMH co-existed
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The Upper Paleolithic of Cantabrian Spain
Evolutionary Anthropology, 2005Co-Authors: Lawrence Guy StrausAbstract:Study of the Cantabrian Upper Paleolithic began in the 1870s with excavations by Marcelino Sanz de Sautuola in the caves of El Pendo, Camargo, and especially Altamira, where, in 1878, he discovered rupestral paintings and recognized their relationship to the Ice Age archeological deposits he was digging in the vestibule of the cavern1 (Fig. 1). Following two decades of dismissal by most of the prehistoric “establishment,” Cantabrian prehistory once again asserted its importance with the discovery, a century ago, by H. Alcalde del Rio and Lorenzo Sierra, of such major art and archeological sites as El Castillo, Hornos de la Pena, Covalanas, La Haza, El Miron, and El Valle.2 Since then, and at an intensified pace in recent years, some 100 cave art loci and many more Upper Paleolithic habitation sites have been discovered, making the relatively small Vasco-Cantabrian region of northern Spain one of the richest in the world for the archeology of the period between c. 40,000 to 10,000 radiocarbon years ago. The purpose of this article is to review and make available to an English-speaking readership some of the most salient and distinctive aspects of the Upper Paleolithic record of Cantabrian Spain, highlighting the discoveries and developments in our understanding of major problems that have occurred since publication, more than a decade ago, of my book on the Stone Age prehistory of northern Spain, Iberia Before the Iberians.3 In particular, this record is significant in relation to the ongoing debate about the socalled Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition; the impact of the Last Glacial Maximum on human settlement in Europe; study of Upper Paleolithic art in its broader socio-cultural-economic contexts; and the worldwide phenomenon of diverse human responses to the termination of Pleistocene environmental conditions around 10,000 radiocarbon years ago.
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The Upper Paleolithic of Europe: An overview
Evolutionary Anthropology, 2005Co-Authors: Lawrence Guy StrausAbstract:The Upper Paleolithic of Europe, 40,000–10,000 years ago, presents one of the richest, most complex records for the anatomy and cultural adaptations of fossil hominids in the world. New chronological information points to roughly simultaneous appearance of certain Upper Paleolithic technological traits in both SE and SW Europe, while growing evidence suggests a significant degree of biological and cultural continuity between the Middle and Upper Paleolithic. On the other hand, there is considerable evidence that evolution continued to operate in both domains throughout the course of the late Upper Pleistocene, apparently in adaptive relationship to the major environmental changes of the Upper Pleniglacial and Tardiglacial. Spectacular developments in the realms of art and ideology may be understood in the special biogeographical, social, and economic conditions of Europe at the height of the Last Ice Age; both ended rather abruptly with the onset of the Holocene as the landscapes of Europe underwent pervasive upheavals.
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Upper Paleolithic Hunting Tactics and Weapons in Western Europe
Archeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association, 1993Co-Authors: Lawrence Guy StrausAbstract:There is extensive evidence of subsistence intensification by Upper Paleolithic people in Europe, particularly based on the records from Spain, France, Belgium, and Germany. In addition to diversifying their subsistence base wherever and whenever possible, Upper Paleolithic hunters made efficient use of landforms and developed new types of weapon-delivery systems to procure large numbers of herd game. In so doing, they seem to have preferentially chosen to inhabit regions with significant hills and valleys. This allowed them to channel game movements and to hinder or trap herds, thereby facilitating mass kills. Specific physical features (rivers, cliffs, gorges, box canyons, blind valleys, etc.) were of proven use especially to late Upper Paleolithic hunters in their planned, scheduled mass kills of such species as horse, reindeer, red deer, bison, and ibex. The most dynamic component of Upper Paleolithic technologies was weaponry. New types of weapon tips, shafts, hafts, and propulsion devices were developed at an everaccelerating rate throughout the Upper Paleolithic and into the Mesolithic, between at least 35,000–40,000 BP and ca. 7000 BP.
O. Soffer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the venus figurines textiles basketry gender and status in the Upper Paleolithic
Current Anthropology, 2000Co-Authors: O. Soffer, J M Adovasio, D C HylandAbstract:Research on Gravettian textiles and basketry informs our understanding of Upper Paleolithic ideology and yields new insights or one component of Stone Age material culture-the Venus figurines. Detailed studies of a series of figurines indicate the presence of at least three types of dressed female depictions. These include several types of headgear, various body bandeaux, and at least one type of skirt. Using data from Europe, we argue that the garments portrayed were made of plant fibers and that their exquisite detailing reflects the important role played by textiles in Upper Paleolithic cultures. The iconography also associates these technologies with women as well as with power, prestige, and value.
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From Kostenki to Clovis : Upper Paleolithic Paleo-Indian adaptations
Journal of Field Archaeology, 1995Co-Authors: O. Soffer, N. D. PraslovAbstract:Introduction O. Soffer, N.D. Praslov. The Environment and Human Adaptation Systems in Prehistoric Times V.M. Masson. Radiocarbon Chronology for the Upper Paleolithic Sites on the East European Plain Yu.S. Svezhentsev. Upper Paleolithic Adaptations in Central and Eastern Europe and Man/Mammoth Interactions O. Soffer. Subsistance Practices of Late Paleolithic Groups along the Dnestr River and its Tributaries I.A. Borzyak. Two Examples of Terminal Paleolithic Adaptations Z.A. Abramova. Amvrosievka A.A. Krotovaa, N.B. Belan. Determining Upper Paleolithic Historico-Cultural Regions P.I. Boriskovskij. Criteria for Estimating the Duration of Occupation at Paleolithic Sites N.B. Leonova. Man and Nature in Northeastern Europe in the Middle and Late Pleistocene B.I. Guslitzer, P.Yu. Pavlov. The Pleistocene-Holocene Boundary P.M. Dolukhanov. 11 additional articles. Index.
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From Kostenki to Clovis : Upper Paleolithic Paleo-Indian adaptations
Journal of Field Archaeology, 1995Co-Authors: O. Soffer, N. D. PraslovAbstract:Introduction O. Soffer, N.D. Praslov. The Environment and Human Adaptation Systems in Prehistoric Times V.M. Masson. Radiocarbon Chronology for the Upper Paleolithic Sites on the East European Plain Yu.S. Svezhentsev. Upper Paleolithic Adaptations in Central and Eastern Europe and Man/Mammoth Interactions O. Soffer. Subsistance Practices of Late Paleolithic Groups along the Dnestr River and its Tributaries I.A. Borzyak. Two Examples of Terminal Paleolithic Adaptations Z.A. Abramova. Amvrosievka A.A. Krotovaa, N.B. Belan. Determining Upper Paleolithic Historico-Cultural Regions P.I. Boriskovskij. Criteria for Estimating the Duration of Occupation at Paleolithic Sites N.B. Leonova. Man and Nature in Northeastern Europe in the Middle and Late Pleistocene B.I. Guslitzer, P.Yu. Pavlov. The Pleistocene-Holocene Boundary P.M. Dolukhanov. 11 additional articles. Index.
N. D. Praslov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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From Kostenki to Clovis : Upper Paleolithic Paleo-Indian adaptations
Journal of Field Archaeology, 1995Co-Authors: O. Soffer, N. D. PraslovAbstract:Introduction O. Soffer, N.D. Praslov. The Environment and Human Adaptation Systems in Prehistoric Times V.M. Masson. Radiocarbon Chronology for the Upper Paleolithic Sites on the East European Plain Yu.S. Svezhentsev. Upper Paleolithic Adaptations in Central and Eastern Europe and Man/Mammoth Interactions O. Soffer. Subsistance Practices of Late Paleolithic Groups along the Dnestr River and its Tributaries I.A. Borzyak. Two Examples of Terminal Paleolithic Adaptations Z.A. Abramova. Amvrosievka A.A. Krotovaa, N.B. Belan. Determining Upper Paleolithic Historico-Cultural Regions P.I. Boriskovskij. Criteria for Estimating the Duration of Occupation at Paleolithic Sites N.B. Leonova. Man and Nature in Northeastern Europe in the Middle and Late Pleistocene B.I. Guslitzer, P.Yu. Pavlov. The Pleistocene-Holocene Boundary P.M. Dolukhanov. 11 additional articles. Index.
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From Kostenki to Clovis : Upper Paleolithic Paleo-Indian adaptations
Journal of Field Archaeology, 1995Co-Authors: O. Soffer, N. D. PraslovAbstract:Introduction O. Soffer, N.D. Praslov. The Environment and Human Adaptation Systems in Prehistoric Times V.M. Masson. Radiocarbon Chronology for the Upper Paleolithic Sites on the East European Plain Yu.S. Svezhentsev. Upper Paleolithic Adaptations in Central and Eastern Europe and Man/Mammoth Interactions O. Soffer. Subsistance Practices of Late Paleolithic Groups along the Dnestr River and its Tributaries I.A. Borzyak. Two Examples of Terminal Paleolithic Adaptations Z.A. Abramova. Amvrosievka A.A. Krotovaa, N.B. Belan. Determining Upper Paleolithic Historico-Cultural Regions P.I. Boriskovskij. Criteria for Estimating the Duration of Occupation at Paleolithic Sites N.B. Leonova. Man and Nature in Northeastern Europe in the Middle and Late Pleistocene B.I. Guslitzer, P.Yu. Pavlov. The Pleistocene-Holocene Boundary P.M. Dolukhanov. 11 additional articles. Index.
Fred H. Smith - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Recent Research on the Croatian Middle/Upper Paleolithic Interface in the Context of Central and Southeast Europe
Paleoanthropology of the Balkans and Anatolia, 2016Co-Authors: Ivor Karavanić, Rajna Šošić-klindžić, James C. M. Ahern, Natalija Čondić, Ivor Janković, Krunoslav Zubčić, Fred H. SmithAbstract:This chapter presents some new data on, and interpretations of the Croatian Middle and Early Upper Paleolithic. Alternative interpretations of the Middle/Upper Paleolithic interface in Vindija cave (situated in the Zagorje region of northwestern Croatia) are reported, together with preliminary results of research on the early Upper Paleolithic site of Bukovac pecina (situated in the region of Gorski kotar), and the late Dalmatian Middle Paleolithic sites of Mujina pecina, Velika pecina in Klicevica and Kastel Stafilic—Resnik. The archaeological assemblage (Mousterian industry) and the results of chronometric dating make the sequences of these Dalmatian sites contemporary with late Neandertals and with the earliest known anatomically modern human groups in Europe. This recent research greatly contributes to our understanding of the distribution of Neandertals and the complexity of the Middle/Upper Paleolithic interface.
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The Middle/Upper Paleolithic interface and the relationship of Neanderthals and early modern humans in the Hrvatsko Zagorje, Croatia
Journal of human evolution, 1998Co-Authors: Ivor Karavanić, Fred H. SmithAbstract:Abstract This paper presents the first detailed analysis of the artefacts from the Mousterian level G3 at Vindija Cave and a revision of the artefact analysis for the early Upper Paleolithic levels (j, i) at Velika Pecina, both in Croatia. Combined with an assessment of the artefacts from the crucial G1 level at Vindija, results of these analyses are used to argue that the combination of Middle and Upper Paleolithic elements in the Upper G complex at Vindija is not necessarily the result of geological mixing but may well represent a natural cultural assemblage. Some Upper Paleolithic elements are possibly derived from the local Mousterian, while others result from extraneous cultural influences into this region. Interestingly, currently available radiocarbon dates indicate that Neanderthals (Vindija level G1) and early modern humans (Velika Pecina) were penecontemporaneous in this region at ca. 33 ka, or perhaps somewhat earlier if the radiocarbon dates are taken as minimum age estimates. Therefore some Upper Paleolithic tools associated with the Vindija G1 Neandertals, such as bone points, may result from imitation of or trade with early modern people. While there is external influence on the development of the early Upper Paleolithic in this region, it exhibits a unique character which does not conform to that of classic Western or Central European Aurignacian.
