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Mårten Risling - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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On Acute Gene Expression Changes after Ventral Root Replantation
Frontiers in neurology, 2011Co-Authors: Mårten Risling, Thomas Carlstedt, Thomas Ochsman, H. Lindå, Stefan Plantman, Elham Rostami, Maria Angeria, Mattias K. SköldAbstract:Replantation of avulsed spinal Ventral Roots has been show to enable significant and useful regrowth of motor axons in both experimental animals and in human clinical cases, making up an interesting exception to the rule of unsuccessful neuronal regeneration in CNS. Compared to avulsion without repair, Ventral Root replantation seems to rescue lesioned motoneurons from death. In this study we have analyzed the acute response to Ventral Root avulsion and replantation in adult rats with gene arrays combined with cluster analysis of gene ontology search terms. The data show significant differences between rats subjected to Ventral replantation compared to avulsion only. Even though number of genes related to cell death is similar in the two models after 24 hours, we observed a significantly larger number of genes related to neurite growth and development in the rats treated with Ventral Root replantation, possibly reflecting the neuroregenerative capacity in the replantation model. In addition, an acute inflammatory response was observed after avulsion, while effects on genes related to synaptic transmission were much more pronounced after replantation than after avulsion alone. These data indicate that the axonal regenerative response from replantation is initiated at an earlier stage than the possible differences in terms of neuron survival. We conclude that this type of analysis may facilitate the comparison of the acute response in two types of injury.
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Re-utilization of Schwann cells during ingrowth of Ventral Root afferents in perinatal kittens
Journal of anatomy, 2008Co-Authors: A Ingela M Nilsson Remahl, Thomas Masterman, Mårten RislingAbstract:Ventral Roots in all mammalian species, including humans, contain significant numbers of unmyelinated axons, many of them afferents transmitting nociceptive signals from receptive fields in skin, viscera, muscles and joints. Observations in cats indicate that these afferents do not enter the spinal cord via the Ventral Root, but rather turn distally and enter the dorsal Root. Some unmyelinated axons are postganglionic autonomic efferents that innervate blood vessels of the Root and the pia mater. In the feline L7 segment, a substantial proportion of unmyelinated axons are not detectable until late in perinatal development. The mechanisms inducing this late ingrowth, and the recruitment of Schwann cells (indispensable, at this stage, for axonal survival and sustenance), are unknown. We have counted axons and Schwann cells in both ends of the L7 Ventral Root in young kittens and made the following observations. (1) The total number of axons detectable in the Root increased throughout the range of investigated ages. (2) The number of myelinated axons was similar in the Root's proximal and distal ends. The increased number of unmyelinated axons with age is thus due to increased numbers of small unmyelinated axons. (3) The number of separated large probably promyelin axons was about the same in the proximal and distal ends of the Root. (4) Schwann cells appeared to undergo redistribution, from myelinated to unmyelinated axons. (5) During redistribution of Schwann cells they first appear as aberrant Schwann cells and then become endoneurial X-cells temporarily free of axonal contact. We hypothesize that unmyelinated axons invade the Ventral Root from its distal end, that this ingrowth is particularly intense during the first postnatal month and that disengaged Schwann cells, eliminated from myelinated motoneuron axons, provide the ingrowing axons with structural and trophic support.
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Differential regulation of trophic factor receptor mRNAs in spinal motoneurons after sciatic nerve transection and Ventral Root avulsion in the rat.
The Journal of comparative neurology, 2000Co-Authors: Henrik Hammarberg, Mårten Risling, Fredrik Piehl, Staffan CullheimAbstract:After sciatic nerve lesion in the adult rat, motoneurons survive and regenerate, whereas the same lesion in the neonatal animal or an avulsion of Ventral Roots from the spinal cord in adults induces extensive cell death among lesioned motoneurons with limited or no axon regeneration. A number of substances with neurotrophic effects have been shown to increase survival of motoneurons in vivo and in vitro. Here we have used semiquantitative in situ hybridization histochemistry to detect the regulation in motoneurons of mRNAs for receptors to ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) 1-42 days after the described three types of axon injury. After all types of injury, the mRNAs for GDNF receptors (GFRalpha-1 and c-RET) and the LIF receptor LIFR were distinctly (up to 300%) up-regulated in motoneurons. The CNTF receptor CNTFRalpha mRNA displayed only small changes, whereas the mRNA for membrane glycoprotein 130 (gp130), which is a critical receptor component for LIF and CNTF transduction, was profoundly down-regulated in motoneurons after Ventral Root avulsion. The BDNF full-length receptor trkB mRNA was up-regulated acutely after adult sciatic nerve lesion, whereas after Ventral Root avulsion trkB was down-regulated. The NT-3 receptor trkC mRNA was strongly down-regulated after Ventral Root avulsion. The results demonstrate that removal of peripheral nerve tissue from proximally lesioned motor axons induces profound down-regulations of mRNAs for critical components of receptors for CNTF, LIF, and NT-3 in affected motoneurons, but GDNF receptor mRNAs are up-regulated in the same situation. These results should be considered in relation to the extensive cell death among motoneurons after Ventral Root avulsion and should also be important for the design of therapeutical approaches in cases of motoneuron death.
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differential regulation of trophic factor receptor mrnas in spinal motoneurons after sciatic nerve transection and Ventral Root avulsion in the rat
The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 2000Co-Authors: Henrik Hammarberg, Mårten Risling, Fredrik Piehl, Staffan CullheimAbstract:After sciatic nerve lesion in the adult rat, motoneurons survive and regenerate, whereas the same lesion in the neonatal animal or an avulsion of Ventral Roots from the spinal cord in adults induces extensive cell death among lesioned motoneurons with limited or no axon regeneration. A number of substances with neurotrophic effects have been shown to increase survival of motoneurons in vivo and in vitro. Here we have used semiquantitative in situ hybridization histochemistry to detect the regulation in motoneurons of mRNAs for receptors to ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) 1–42 days after the described three types of axon injury. After all types of injury, the mRNAs for GDNF receptors (GFRα-1 and c-RET) and the LIF receptor LIFR were distinctly (up to 300%) up-regulated in motoneurons. The CNTF receptor CNTFRα mRNA displayed only small changes, whereas the mRNA for membrane glycoprotein 130 (gp130), which is a critical receptor component for LIF and CNTF transduction, was profoundly down-regulated in motoneurons after Ventral Root avulsion. The BDNF full-length receptor trkB mRNA was up-regulated acutely after adult sciatic nerve lesion, whereas after Ventral Root avulsion trkB was down-regulated. The NT-3 receptor trkC mRNA was strongly down-regulated after Ventral Root avulsion. The results demonstrate that removal of peripheral nerve tissue from proximally lesioned motor axons induces profound down-regulations of mRNAs for critical components of receptors for CNTF, LIF, and NT-3 in affected motoneurons, but GDNF receptor mRNAs are up-regulated in the same situation. These results should be considered in relation to the extensive cell death among motoneurons after Ventral Root avulsion and should also be important for the design of therapeutical approaches in cases of motoneuron death. J. Comp. Neurol. 426:587–601, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Axon regeneration of spinal motoneurons following a lesion at the cord-Ventral Root interface
Spinal Cord, 1999Co-Authors: Staffan Cullheim, T Carlstedt, Mårten RislingAbstract:Those insults to the spinal cord which occur when Ventral or dorsal Roots are avulsed from the surface of the cord have been considered unfavourable with regard to both survival and axon regeneration of lesioned neurons. In this review, we describe the development of a surgical procedure aiming at a restoration of motor function after Ventral Root avulsion lesions. This development includes a series of investigations in animals, where an unexpected capacity for cell survival and axon regeneration of motoneurons after a cut lesion in the spinal cord was demonstrated and analyzed in great detail. Based on these findings, a surgical technique was tested, where avulsed Ventral Roots were replanted into the cord. After confirmation that such implanted Roots could serve as a conduit for outgrowing motor axons in animals, the technique has been evaluated in a limited number of human cases of Root avulsion lesions. We conclude that surgical intervention may indeed lead to return of motor function also in human cases of Ventral Root avulsion lesions. Interestingly, the procedure also seems to have an attenuating effect on the pain that develops in cases with a combined dorsal Root avulsion. Lastly, we conclude that the cut lesion in the Ventral part of the spinal cord, followed by axon regeneration in motoneurons may serve as a model for axon regeneration in the central nervous system.
Staffan Cullheim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Differential regulation of trophic factor receptor mRNAs in spinal motoneurons after sciatic nerve transection and Ventral Root avulsion in the rat.
The Journal of comparative neurology, 2000Co-Authors: Henrik Hammarberg, Mårten Risling, Fredrik Piehl, Staffan CullheimAbstract:After sciatic nerve lesion in the adult rat, motoneurons survive and regenerate, whereas the same lesion in the neonatal animal or an avulsion of Ventral Roots from the spinal cord in adults induces extensive cell death among lesioned motoneurons with limited or no axon regeneration. A number of substances with neurotrophic effects have been shown to increase survival of motoneurons in vivo and in vitro. Here we have used semiquantitative in situ hybridization histochemistry to detect the regulation in motoneurons of mRNAs for receptors to ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) 1-42 days after the described three types of axon injury. After all types of injury, the mRNAs for GDNF receptors (GFRalpha-1 and c-RET) and the LIF receptor LIFR were distinctly (up to 300%) up-regulated in motoneurons. The CNTF receptor CNTFRalpha mRNA displayed only small changes, whereas the mRNA for membrane glycoprotein 130 (gp130), which is a critical receptor component for LIF and CNTF transduction, was profoundly down-regulated in motoneurons after Ventral Root avulsion. The BDNF full-length receptor trkB mRNA was up-regulated acutely after adult sciatic nerve lesion, whereas after Ventral Root avulsion trkB was down-regulated. The NT-3 receptor trkC mRNA was strongly down-regulated after Ventral Root avulsion. The results demonstrate that removal of peripheral nerve tissue from proximally lesioned motor axons induces profound down-regulations of mRNAs for critical components of receptors for CNTF, LIF, and NT-3 in affected motoneurons, but GDNF receptor mRNAs are up-regulated in the same situation. These results should be considered in relation to the extensive cell death among motoneurons after Ventral Root avulsion and should also be important for the design of therapeutical approaches in cases of motoneuron death.
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differential regulation of trophic factor receptor mrnas in spinal motoneurons after sciatic nerve transection and Ventral Root avulsion in the rat
The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 2000Co-Authors: Henrik Hammarberg, Mårten Risling, Fredrik Piehl, Staffan CullheimAbstract:After sciatic nerve lesion in the adult rat, motoneurons survive and regenerate, whereas the same lesion in the neonatal animal or an avulsion of Ventral Roots from the spinal cord in adults induces extensive cell death among lesioned motoneurons with limited or no axon regeneration. A number of substances with neurotrophic effects have been shown to increase survival of motoneurons in vivo and in vitro. Here we have used semiquantitative in situ hybridization histochemistry to detect the regulation in motoneurons of mRNAs for receptors to ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) 1–42 days after the described three types of axon injury. After all types of injury, the mRNAs for GDNF receptors (GFRα-1 and c-RET) and the LIF receptor LIFR were distinctly (up to 300%) up-regulated in motoneurons. The CNTF receptor CNTFRα mRNA displayed only small changes, whereas the mRNA for membrane glycoprotein 130 (gp130), which is a critical receptor component for LIF and CNTF transduction, was profoundly down-regulated in motoneurons after Ventral Root avulsion. The BDNF full-length receptor trkB mRNA was up-regulated acutely after adult sciatic nerve lesion, whereas after Ventral Root avulsion trkB was down-regulated. The NT-3 receptor trkC mRNA was strongly down-regulated after Ventral Root avulsion. The results demonstrate that removal of peripheral nerve tissue from proximally lesioned motor axons induces profound down-regulations of mRNAs for critical components of receptors for CNTF, LIF, and NT-3 in affected motoneurons, but GDNF receptor mRNAs are up-regulated in the same situation. These results should be considered in relation to the extensive cell death among motoneurons after Ventral Root avulsion and should also be important for the design of therapeutical approaches in cases of motoneuron death. J. Comp. Neurol. 426:587–601, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Axon regeneration of spinal motoneurons following a lesion at the cord-Ventral Root interface
Spinal Cord, 1999Co-Authors: Staffan Cullheim, T Carlstedt, Mårten RislingAbstract:Those insults to the spinal cord which occur when Ventral or dorsal Roots are avulsed from the surface of the cord have been considered unfavourable with regard to both survival and axon regeneration of lesioned neurons. In this review, we describe the development of a surgical procedure aiming at a restoration of motor function after Ventral Root avulsion lesions. This development includes a series of investigations in animals, where an unexpected capacity for cell survival and axon regeneration of motoneurons after a cut lesion in the spinal cord was demonstrated and analyzed in great detail. Based on these findings, a surgical technique was tested, where avulsed Ventral Roots were replanted into the cord. After confirmation that such implanted Roots could serve as a conduit for outgrowing motor axons in animals, the technique has been evaluated in a limited number of human cases of Root avulsion lesions. We conclude that surgical intervention may indeed lead to return of motor function also in human cases of Ventral Root avulsion lesions. Interestingly, the procedure also seems to have an attenuating effect on the pain that develops in cases with a combined dorsal Root avulsion. Lastly, we conclude that the cut lesion in the Ventral part of the spinal cord, followed by axon regeneration in motoneurons may serve as a model for axon regeneration in the central nervous system.
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aberrant regeneration of motor axons into the pia mater after Ventral Root neuroma formation
Brain Research, 1992Co-Authors: Mårten Risling, K Sorbye, Staffan CullheimAbstract:Abstract The spinal pia mater receives a rich innervation of small sensory and autonomic axons via the Ventral Roots. In the present study this pathway was interrupted by the transection of the L7 Ventral Root in young kittens. The animals were killed 12–18 months postoperatively. It was observed that the pia mater adjacent to the divided Ventral Root contained large numbers of myelinated axons. We suggest that these axons represent sprouts which had reached the pia mater by retrograde growth from the neuroma on the Ventral Root. Some of these aberrant pial axons ended blindly in the pia mater. Abnormal terminal-like swellings were observed along pial blood vessels. Fibers with diameters exceeding 11 μm were observed. Many fibers had an internodal spacing below 100 μm and the maximum value was only about 300 μm. Thus, motor axons which are forced to grow into a foreign territory show a maldevelopment which is more obvious with regard to nodal spacing than to fiber diameter.
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The pia mater - a conduit for regenerating axons after Ventral Root replantation.
Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, 1991Co-Authors: Mårten Risling, Thomas Carlstedt, Henriksson Linda, Staffan CullheimAbstract:Previous studies have shown that replantation of avulsed Ventral Roots may lead to functional reinnervation of hindleg muscles. Regenerating motor axons may regrow for a considerable distance within the spinal cord before entering the replanted Ventral Root. In this study we show, in the rat and monkey, that many regenerating axons utilize an alternative pathway along the surface of the spinal cord, i.e. the pia mater. This type of reinnervation takes place entirely in the peripheral nervous system.
Jin Mo Chung - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Immunohistochemical evidence for sprouting of Ventral Root afferents after neonatal sciatic neurectomy in the rat
Neuroscience Letters, 1994Co-Authors: Mae Ja Park, K Chung, Jin Mo ChungAbstract:The present study demonstrates that afferent fibers in the rat Ventral Root sprout after transection of the neonatal sciatic nerve. The key data are that the number of unmyelinated fibers increased dramatically in the L5 Ventral Roots and about half of these unmyelinated fibers were labeled with antibody to growth associated phosphoprotein (GAP-43), suggesting that they are regenerating axons. Furthermore, these fibers survived in the distal stump of the acutely cut Ventral Root, suggesting that they are afferent fibers. The results provide direct evidence for sprouting of afferent fibers in the Ventral Root induced by a neonatal peripheral nerve lesion.
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neonatal sciatic nerve lesion triggers the sprouting of fibers in the contralateral Ventral Root of the rat
Brain Research, 1993Co-Authors: K Chung, Mae Ja Park, Kwangsup Sheen, Jin Mo ChungAbstract:We explored the possibility that unilateral neurectomy of the sciatic nerve of the rat at the neonatal stage triggers sprouting of afferent fibers in the contralateral Ventral Root. 3 months after neonatal sciatic neurectomy, the numbers of both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers in the L5 and L3 Ventral Roots were counted on electron micrographic montages. Age-matched littermates were used as unoperated controls. To identify regenerating axons, electron microscopic immunohistochemistry was done on the Ventral Roots using antibody against growth-associated phosphoprotein (GAP-43). Neonatal sciatic neurectomy resulted in: (1) about a three-fold increase in the number of unmyelinated fibers in the contralateral L5 Ventral Root as compared with the unoperated control; (2) about a 25-fold increase in the number of unmyelinated fibers in the ipsilateral L5 Ventral Root as compared with the control; (3) approximately 25% of the unmyelinated fibers in the contralateral L5 Ventral Root expressing GAP-43; and (4) no significant change in the number of unmyelinated fibers in the L3 Ventral Root of either side as compared with the control. The data suggest that a neonatal sciatic neurectomy of the rat triggers sprouting of unmyelinated afferent fibers in the Ventral Root of the contralateral as well as the ipsilateral side. The sprouting is restricted, however, to spinal segments which receive inputs from the sciatic nerve.
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Evidence for invasion of regenerated Ventral Root afferents into the spinal cord of the rat subjected to sciatic neurectomy during the neonatal period
Brain research, 1991Co-Authors: Bong Sub Chung, Kwangsup Sheen, Jin Mo ChungAbstract:Abstract Sectioning the sciatic nerve of experimental animals at the neonatal stage triggers growth of afferent fibers in the Ventral Root. The present study examined the possibility that the regenerating fiber terminals grow into the spinal cord. The sciatic nerve on one side was cut in neonatal rats. After the rats were fully grown, either an electrophysiological or a histochemical study was performed. The results of electrophysiological experiments showed that stimulation of certain loci in the L5 spinal cord evoked antidromic potentials in the L5 Ventral Root with a long latency. Various evidence suggests that the long latency potentials are due to activation of C fibers. These C-fiber potentials were on average bigger and were elicited from more numerous loci on the side ipsilateral to the sciatic nerve lesion than on the contralateral side. Furthermore, stimulation of the spinal cord of unoperated normal rats rarely evoked such potentials. For the histochemical study, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected into the L5 spinal cord after cutting the L4–L6 dorsal Roots. A lot more cells in the L5 dorsal Root ganglion (DRG) on the side ipsilateral to the sciatic nerve lesion were labeled with HRP transported retrogradely through the L5 Ventral Root than on the contralateral side. Control experiments showed that few DRG cells are labeled with HRP in normal unoperated rats. The combined results of the electrophysiological and histochemical studies suggest invasion of Ventral Root afferents into the spinal cord, given enough postoperative time. It is not known whether or not these terminals make functional synaptic contacts in the spinal cord.
Claes Hildebrand - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Postnatal development and aging of the rat Ventral Root L5: electron microscopic and immunohistochemical studies.
The Journal of comparative neurology, 1996Co-Authors: Magnus Karlsson, Claes HildebrandAbstract:Postnatal development and aging of the rat Ventral Root L5 : Electron Microscopic and Immunohistochemical studies
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Sheath lengths of large motor axons in the Ventral Root L5 of neonatal and adult rats
Neuroscience letters, 1996Co-Authors: Claes Hildebrand, Susanne Loeliger, Carl Bjartmar, Magnus KarlssonAbstract:This study examines the developmental sheath elongation in the rat Ventral Root L5. Electron microscopic analysis of serial transverse sections through Roots from newborn rats shows an average internuclear distance (IND) of 66 μm (calculated fresh length 73 μm). Light microscopic analysis of teased adult Roots shows that the largest fibers have an average internodal length of some 1250 μm at 5 months. Hence, large fibers exhibit a developmental sheath elongation of 17 times. The Ventral Root L5 elongates 11 times only. This mismatch necessitates a myelin sheath remodelling.
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Invasion of the rat Ventral Root L5 by putative sympathetic C-fibers after neonatal sciatic nerve crush.
Brain Research, 1994Co-Authors: Magnus Karlsson, Claes HildebrandAbstract:Abstract The present study examines the occurence of C-fibers in lumbar Ventral Roots after sciatic nerve crush in neonatal and adult rats. Electron microscopic analysis showed that the number of C-fibers in the Ventral Root L5 increased significantly on the lesion side after neonatal but not adult sciatic nerve crush and that the number of C-fibers was higher in the Ventral Root L5 on the unoperated side compared to this Root in normal control rats. In order to determine whether the new C-fibers in the L5 Root on the lesion side are sensory or sympathetic we made immunohistochemical studies on Roots from neonatally crushed rats. We found that there was no obvious lesion side/contralateral side or operated rat/control rat difference with respect to the occurence and general configuration of axons with substance P-, calcitonin gene-related peptide- or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like immunoreactivity. However, the occurrence of axons with tyrosine hydroxylase-like immunoreactivity appeared clearly higher in the Ventral Root L5 on the lesion side compared to the unoperated side in neonatally crushed rats. Moreover, these axons seemed to be more numerous also in the Ventral Root L5 on the unoperated side compared to normal control rats. No lesion side/contralateral side or operated rat/control rat differences were seen in the Ventral Root L4. We propose that the Ventral Root L5 is invaded by putative sympathetic C-fibers after sciatic nerve crush lesions in newborn rats.
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Ventral Root afferents are not capsaicin-sensitive and fail to induce extravasation from pial vessels
1993Co-Authors: Magnus Karlsson, Claes HildebrandAbstract:Ventral Root afferents are not capsaicin-sensitive and fail to induce extravasation from pial vessels
Magnus Karlsson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Postnatal development and aging of the rat Ventral Root L5: electron microscopic and immunohistochemical studies.
The Journal of comparative neurology, 1996Co-Authors: Magnus Karlsson, Claes HildebrandAbstract:Postnatal development and aging of the rat Ventral Root L5 : Electron Microscopic and Immunohistochemical studies
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Sheath lengths of large motor axons in the Ventral Root L5 of neonatal and adult rats
Neuroscience letters, 1996Co-Authors: Claes Hildebrand, Susanne Loeliger, Carl Bjartmar, Magnus KarlssonAbstract:This study examines the developmental sheath elongation in the rat Ventral Root L5. Electron microscopic analysis of serial transverse sections through Roots from newborn rats shows an average internuclear distance (IND) of 66 μm (calculated fresh length 73 μm). Light microscopic analysis of teased adult Roots shows that the largest fibers have an average internodal length of some 1250 μm at 5 months. Hence, large fibers exhibit a developmental sheath elongation of 17 times. The Ventral Root L5 elongates 11 times only. This mismatch necessitates a myelin sheath remodelling.
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Invasion of the rat Ventral Root L5 by putative sympathetic C-fibers after neonatal sciatic nerve crush.
Brain Research, 1994Co-Authors: Magnus Karlsson, Claes HildebrandAbstract:Abstract The present study examines the occurence of C-fibers in lumbar Ventral Roots after sciatic nerve crush in neonatal and adult rats. Electron microscopic analysis showed that the number of C-fibers in the Ventral Root L5 increased significantly on the lesion side after neonatal but not adult sciatic nerve crush and that the number of C-fibers was higher in the Ventral Root L5 on the unoperated side compared to this Root in normal control rats. In order to determine whether the new C-fibers in the L5 Root on the lesion side are sensory or sympathetic we made immunohistochemical studies on Roots from neonatally crushed rats. We found that there was no obvious lesion side/contralateral side or operated rat/control rat difference with respect to the occurence and general configuration of axons with substance P-, calcitonin gene-related peptide- or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like immunoreactivity. However, the occurrence of axons with tyrosine hydroxylase-like immunoreactivity appeared clearly higher in the Ventral Root L5 on the lesion side compared to the unoperated side in neonatally crushed rats. Moreover, these axons seemed to be more numerous also in the Ventral Root L5 on the unoperated side compared to normal control rats. No lesion side/contralateral side or operated rat/control rat differences were seen in the Ventral Root L4. We propose that the Ventral Root L5 is invaded by putative sympathetic C-fibers after sciatic nerve crush lesions in newborn rats.
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Ventral Root afferents are not capsaicin-sensitive and fail to induce extravasation from pial vessels
1993Co-Authors: Magnus Karlsson, Claes HildebrandAbstract:Ventral Root afferents are not capsaicin-sensitive and fail to induce extravasation from pial vessels
