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William D. Crano - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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it s all relative increasing organ donor registration intentions by maximizing family relevant Vested Interest
Journal of Health Psychology, 2021Co-Authors: Jason T. Siegel, Danielle R Blazek, Maria D Mcmanus, Eusebio M Alvaro, William D. CranoAbstract:Guided by Vested Interest theory, the impact of educating potential organ donors about the beneficial experiences afforded to families of deceased donors was assessed. Participants were informed about these benefits by taking a survey that asked them to indicate both their awareness, and the appeal, of numerous existing benefits (e.g. grief services). We employed a double-sided mixed design. Both the true experimental design and the quasi-experimental repeated assessment indicated increased registration intentions. Only the quasi-experimental design indicated significant attitude change. This study provides evidence supporting the potential utility of focusing interventions on the benefits afforded to donor families.
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Preventing college student nonmedical prescription stimulant use: Development of Vested Interest theory-based persuasive messages.
Addictive behaviors, 2020Co-Authors: Candice D. Donaldson, Jason T. Siegel, William D. CranoAbstract:Abstract Vested Interest theory (VIT) predicts that perceived importance and hedonic relevance of an expected behavioral outcome affects attitude-behavior consistency. Applied to college students’ nonmedical use of prescription stimulants (NUPS), the theory posits that persuasive information that weakens Vested perceptions regarding assumed advantages of stimulant misuse will reduce usage intentions. The current study developed and experimentally assessed persuasive messages that targeted perceptions of Vested Interest (VI), and examined if message effectiveness varied as a function of users’ risk status. Appeals that focused on the physical harms of misuse served as the comparison condition. College student participants (N = 282) were randomly assigned to one of four message conditions. To examine group differences, data were analyzed in a 2 (VIT-based message: yes, no) × 2 (Physical harms emphasized: yes, no) × 3 (User status: resolute, vulnerable, user) between-subjects factorial design. Analyses showed that messages focused on lowering VI by convincing students that NUPS did not enhance cognitive functioning of non-ADD/ADHD students reduced perceived Vested Interest (p
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application of Vested Interest theory to prevention of non medical prescription stimulant and marijuana use unforeseen benefits of attitude behavior inconsistency
Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2019Co-Authors: Jason T. Siegel, Candice D. Donaldson, William D. CranoAbstract:Abstract Background Vested Interest (VI) has been found to enhance attitude-behavior consistency in several contexts. With an eye toward a potentially novel method of prevention (i.e., reducing perceived VI to minimize attitude-behavior consistency among those positively inclined toward psychotropic substance use), the current investigation explores whether VI moderates attitude-intention consistency regarding nonmedical use of prescription stimulants (NUPS) and marijuana. Methods Emphasizing prevention, the study focused exclusively on non-users. Study 1a assessed college students (N = 310) attitudes, VI, and intentions regarding NUPS among those with no prior NUPS experience. Respondents were sampled using Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. Study 1b investigated marijuana-abstinent college students (N = 93), recruited from college classrooms. Results The pattern of results was similar in both studies. In addition to an association between attitudes and VI, analysis revealed main effects for attitudes and VI on substance use intentions. Moreover, VI moderated the attitude-intention relationship (p Conclusion Results of these studies replicate and expand prior findings relating VI to drug use, and suggest a potential path for future prevention efforts. The current study was cross-sectional, however if the causal pathways are as theorized, an intervention that reduces subjective VI has the potential to reduce positive attitudes while simultaneously reducing the influence of favorable attitudes on intentions.
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nonmedical use of prescription stimulants in college students attitudes intentions and Vested Interest
Addictive Behaviors, 2016Co-Authors: Candice D. Donaldson, Jason T. Siegel, William D. CranoAbstract:Abstract Introduction Research on Vested Interest theory (VIT) indicates that the importance and hedonic relevance of attitudes moderates the link between attitudes and attitude-congruent behavior. Though largely untested in prevention research, this relationship may prove crucial in determining the success or failure of prevention efforts. The current study was designed to determine if subjectively perceived Vested Interest maximized the association between attitudes and intentions regarding the nonmedical use of prescription stimulants (NUPS). Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted with college student respondents (N = 162) using Amazon's MTurk. Participant age ranged from 19 to 49 years old. A subsample analysis (n = 129) was also conducted with younger respondents, as the typical college student is usually under the age of 30. Results Four-step hierarchical regression analysis indicated that both attitudes and perceived Vested Interest were significantly associated with NUPS behavioral intentions (p Conclusions Findings support the proposition that Vested Interest may be a useful target for attenuating NUPS. Rather than attempting to weaken positive attitudes toward NUPS, campaigns may prove more successful if designed to convince receivers that NUPS is not in their best Interest.
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Vested Interest and environmental risk communication improving willingness to cope with impending disasters
Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 2014Co-Authors: Stefano De Dominicis, William D. Crano, Uberta Ganucci Cancellieri, Benedetta Mosco, M Bonnes, Zachary P Hohman, Marino BonaiutoAbstract:Vested Interest theory (VIT), first investigated on environmental risk, suggests that the hedonic relevance of an attitude object moderates relations between attitudes, intentions, and responses to danger. Emphasizing Vested Interest may maximize impacts of risk communications. Study 1 (N = 215) assessed differences between inhabitantsof twoflood-riskareasinItalyonpastexperience,riskperceptions,concerns,attitudes,and behavioral intentions. Objectively, higher risk areas’ residents reported more experience, and greater perceived risk and concern, while no preparedness differences were found (both at “between cities”and“within city”levels).Study 2 (N = 444) looked at the moderating role of VIT-based risk communication messages on the relationship between Vested Interest and behavioral intentions. Components of Vested Interest moderate attitude‐intentionconsistency,suggestinganewmethodof developingeffectiverisk announcements.
Benedict G C Dellaert - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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consumers evaluation of allocation policies for scarce health care services Vested Interest activation trumps spatial and temporal distance
ERIM Top-Core Articles, 2012Co-Authors: Tim M Benning, Els Breugelmans, Benedict G C DellaertAbstract:textabstractThe allocation of scarce health care service resources often requires trade-offs between individual and collective outcomes (e.g., when some individuals benefit more strongly from a given policy than others). Based on construal level theory, one would expect that consumers cognitively represent the individual and collective outcomes of an allocation policy at different levels of abstraction and that they evaluate allocation policies more positively when there is congruency between the cognitive representation of the policy’s focal outcome and the spatial and temporal distance inherently present in the policy’s decision context (e.g., allocation decisions on a future policy). However, we hypothesize that this congruency effect can be overruled by a high Vested Interest mindset that is activated by an individual’s recent personal experience with a health care service provider. Since a high Vested Interest mindset increases the relevance of the allocation policy implementation for the individual because s/he perceives strong personal consequences, we propose that for consumers with recent experience the evaluation of an allocation policy that focuses on individual outcomes is higher than that of a policy that focuses on collective outcomes irrespective of the spatial and temporal distance in the decision context. Results of a hypothetical experiment among a representative sample of the general population confirm the congruency effects in the new domain of health care service allocation policies, and provide support for the proposed overruling effect of the activation of a high Vested Interest mindset by recent personal experience on spatial and temporal distance.
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consumers evaluation of allocation policies for scarce health care services Vested Interest activation trumps spatial and temporal distance
Marketing Letters, 2012Co-Authors: Tim M Benning, Els Breugelmans, Benedict G C DellaertAbstract:The allocation of scarce health care service resources often requires trade-offs between individual and collective outcomes (e.g., when some individuals benefit more strongly from a given policy than others). Based on construal level theory, one would expect that consumers cognitively represent the individual and collective outcomes of an allocation policy at different levels of abstraction and that they evaluate allocation policies more positively when there is congruency between the cognitive representation of the policy’s focal outcome and the spatial and temporal distance inherently present in the policy’s decision context (e.g., allocation decisions on a future policy). However, we hypothesize that this congruency effect can be overruled by a high Vested Interest mindset that is activated by an individual’s recent personal experience with a health care service provider. Since a high Vested Interest mindset increases the relevance of the allocation policy implementation for the individual because s/he perceives strong personal consequences, we propose that for consumers with recent experience the evaluation of an allocation policy that focuses on individual outcomes is higher than that of a policy that focuses on collective outcomes irrespective of the spatial and temporal distance in the decision context. Results of a hypothetical experiment among a representative sample of the general population confirm the congruency effects in the new domain of health care service allocation policies, and provide support for the proposed overruling effect of the activation of a high Vested Interest mindset by recent personal experience on spatial and temporal distance.
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consumers evaluation of allocation policies for scarce health care services Vested Interest activation trumps spatial and temporal distance
Social Science Research Network, 2011Co-Authors: Tim M Benning, Els Breugelmans, Benedict G C DellaertAbstract:The allocation of scarce health care service resources often requires trade-offs between individual and collective outcomes (e.g., when some individuals benefit more strongly from a given policy than others). Based on construal level theory, one would expect that consumers cognitively represent the individual and collective outcomes of an allocation policy at different levels of abstraction and that they evaluate allocation policies more positively when there is congruency between the cognitive representation of the policy’s focal outcome and the spatial and temporal distance inherently present in the policy’s decision context (e.g., allocation decisions on a future policy). However, we hypothesize that this congruency effect can be overruled by a high Vested Interest mindset that is activated by an individual’s recent personal experience with a health care service provider. Since a high Vested Interest mindset increases the relevance of the allocation policy implementation for the individual because s/he perceives strong personal consequences, we propose that for consumers with recent experience the evaluation of an allocation policy that focuses on individual outcomes is higher than that of a policy that focuses on collective outcomes irrespective of the spatial and temporal distance in the decision context. Results of a hypothetical experiment amongst a representative sample of the general population provide support for the proposed overruling effect of the activation of a high Vested Interest mindset by recent personal experience on spatial and temporal distance.
Jürgen Clausen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Veterinary homeopathy: meta-analysis of randomised placebo-controlled trials.
Homeopathy : the journal of the Faculty of Homeopathy, 2014Co-Authors: Robert T. Mathie, Jürgen ClausenAbstract:Background: Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of veterinary homeopathy has not previously been undertaken. For all medical conditions and species collectively, we tested the hypothesis that the outcome of homeopathic intervention (treatment and/or prophylaxis, individualised and/or non-individualised) is distinguishable from corresponding intervention using placebos. Methods: All facets of the review, including literature search strategy, study eligibility, data extraction and assessment of risk of bias, were described in an earlier paper. A trial was judged to comprise reliable evidence if its risk of bias was low or was unclear in specific domains of assessment. Effect size was reported as odds ratio (OR). A trial was judged free of Vested Interest if it was not funded by a homeopathic pharmacy. Metaanalysis was conducted using the random-effects model, with hypothesis-driven sensitivity analysis based on risk of bias. Results: Nine of 15 trials with extractable data displayed high risk of bias; low or unclear risk of bias was attributed to each of the remaining six trials, only two of which comprised reliable evidence without overt Vested Interest. For all N = 15 trials, pooled OR = 1.69 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.12 to 2.56]; P = 0.01. For the N = 2 trials with suitably reliable evidence, pooled OR = 2.62 [95% CI, 1.13 to 6.05]; P = 0.02). Conclusions: Meta-analysis provides some very limited evidence that clinical intervention in animals using homeopathic medicines is distinguishable from corresponding intervention using placebos. The low number and quality of the trials hinders a more decisive conclusion. Homeopathy (2014) - ,1 e6.
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Veterinary homeopathy: systematic review of medical conditions studied by randomised placebo-controlled trials
The Veterinary record, 2014Co-Authors: Robert T. Mathie, Jürgen ClausenAbstract:A systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of veterinary homeopathy has not previously been undertaken. Using Cochrane methods, this review aims to assess risk of bias and to quantify the effect size of homeopathic intervention compared with placebo for each eligible peer-reviewed trial. Judgement in seven assessment domains enabled a trial's risk of bias to be designated as low, unclear or high. A trial was judged to comprise reliable evidence if its risk of bias was low or was unclear in specified domains. A trial was considered to be free of Vested Interest if it was not funded by a homeopathic pharmacy. The 18 eligible RCTs were disparate in nature, representing four species and 11 different medical conditions. Reliable evidence, free from Vested Interest, was identified in two trials: homeopathic Coli had a prophylactic effect on porcine diarrhoea (odds ratio 3.89, 95 per cent confidence interval [CI], 1.19 to 12.68, P=0.02); and individualised homeopathic treatment did not have a more beneficial effect on bovine mastitis than placebo intervention (standardised mean difference -0.31, 95 per cent CI, -0.97 to 0.34, P=0.35). Mixed findings from the only two placebo-controlled RCTs that had suitably reliable evidence precluded generalisable conclusions about the efficacy of any particular homeopathic medicine or the impact of individualised homeopathic intervention on any given medical condition in animals.
Jason T. Siegel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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it s all relative increasing organ donor registration intentions by maximizing family relevant Vested Interest
Journal of Health Psychology, 2021Co-Authors: Jason T. Siegel, Danielle R Blazek, Maria D Mcmanus, Eusebio M Alvaro, William D. CranoAbstract:Guided by Vested Interest theory, the impact of educating potential organ donors about the beneficial experiences afforded to families of deceased donors was assessed. Participants were informed about these benefits by taking a survey that asked them to indicate both their awareness, and the appeal, of numerous existing benefits (e.g. grief services). We employed a double-sided mixed design. Both the true experimental design and the quasi-experimental repeated assessment indicated increased registration intentions. Only the quasi-experimental design indicated significant attitude change. This study provides evidence supporting the potential utility of focusing interventions on the benefits afforded to donor families.
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Preventing college student nonmedical prescription stimulant use: Development of Vested Interest theory-based persuasive messages.
Addictive behaviors, 2020Co-Authors: Candice D. Donaldson, Jason T. Siegel, William D. CranoAbstract:Abstract Vested Interest theory (VIT) predicts that perceived importance and hedonic relevance of an expected behavioral outcome affects attitude-behavior consistency. Applied to college students’ nonmedical use of prescription stimulants (NUPS), the theory posits that persuasive information that weakens Vested perceptions regarding assumed advantages of stimulant misuse will reduce usage intentions. The current study developed and experimentally assessed persuasive messages that targeted perceptions of Vested Interest (VI), and examined if message effectiveness varied as a function of users’ risk status. Appeals that focused on the physical harms of misuse served as the comparison condition. College student participants (N = 282) were randomly assigned to one of four message conditions. To examine group differences, data were analyzed in a 2 (VIT-based message: yes, no) × 2 (Physical harms emphasized: yes, no) × 3 (User status: resolute, vulnerable, user) between-subjects factorial design. Analyses showed that messages focused on lowering VI by convincing students that NUPS did not enhance cognitive functioning of non-ADD/ADHD students reduced perceived Vested Interest (p
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application of Vested Interest theory to prevention of non medical prescription stimulant and marijuana use unforeseen benefits of attitude behavior inconsistency
Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2019Co-Authors: Jason T. Siegel, Candice D. Donaldson, William D. CranoAbstract:Abstract Background Vested Interest (VI) has been found to enhance attitude-behavior consistency in several contexts. With an eye toward a potentially novel method of prevention (i.e., reducing perceived VI to minimize attitude-behavior consistency among those positively inclined toward psychotropic substance use), the current investigation explores whether VI moderates attitude-intention consistency regarding nonmedical use of prescription stimulants (NUPS) and marijuana. Methods Emphasizing prevention, the study focused exclusively on non-users. Study 1a assessed college students (N = 310) attitudes, VI, and intentions regarding NUPS among those with no prior NUPS experience. Respondents were sampled using Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. Study 1b investigated marijuana-abstinent college students (N = 93), recruited from college classrooms. Results The pattern of results was similar in both studies. In addition to an association between attitudes and VI, analysis revealed main effects for attitudes and VI on substance use intentions. Moreover, VI moderated the attitude-intention relationship (p Conclusion Results of these studies replicate and expand prior findings relating VI to drug use, and suggest a potential path for future prevention efforts. The current study was cross-sectional, however if the causal pathways are as theorized, an intervention that reduces subjective VI has the potential to reduce positive attitudes while simultaneously reducing the influence of favorable attitudes on intentions.
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nonmedical use of prescription stimulants in college students attitudes intentions and Vested Interest
Addictive Behaviors, 2016Co-Authors: Candice D. Donaldson, Jason T. Siegel, William D. CranoAbstract:Abstract Introduction Research on Vested Interest theory (VIT) indicates that the importance and hedonic relevance of attitudes moderates the link between attitudes and attitude-congruent behavior. Though largely untested in prevention research, this relationship may prove crucial in determining the success or failure of prevention efforts. The current study was designed to determine if subjectively perceived Vested Interest maximized the association between attitudes and intentions regarding the nonmedical use of prescription stimulants (NUPS). Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted with college student respondents (N = 162) using Amazon's MTurk. Participant age ranged from 19 to 49 years old. A subsample analysis (n = 129) was also conducted with younger respondents, as the typical college student is usually under the age of 30. Results Four-step hierarchical regression analysis indicated that both attitudes and perceived Vested Interest were significantly associated with NUPS behavioral intentions (p Conclusions Findings support the proposition that Vested Interest may be a useful target for attenuating NUPS. Rather than attempting to weaken positive attitudes toward NUPS, campaigns may prove more successful if designed to convince receivers that NUPS is not in their best Interest.
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expanding the reach of Vested Interest in predicting attitude consistent behavior
Social Influence, 2014Co-Authors: Ian M Johnson, Jason T. Siegel, William D. CranoAbstract:Traditionally, Vested Interest theory categorized individuals as highly Vested if the attitude object affected the attitude holder directly. The predictive reach of the theory might be increased by explicitly expanding the definition of Vested Interest to include circumstances in which individuals indirectly affected by the issue under consideration are defined as Vested. This expansion was prompted by research on interpersonal relationships indicating that as interpersonal closeness increases, so too does inclusion-of-the-other-in-the-self. Two experiments focusing on different issues using different modes of data collection and disparate participant samples supported the proposed theoretical expansion. Study 1 showed the range of the construct could be amplified by expanding the definition of Vested Interest to encompass individuals who were indirectly affected by the attitude object. Study 2 replicated this result and showed that interpersonal closeness moderated the attitude–behavior relationship, con...
Tim M Benning - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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consumers evaluation of allocation policies for scarce health care services Vested Interest activation trumps spatial and temporal distance
ERIM Top-Core Articles, 2012Co-Authors: Tim M Benning, Els Breugelmans, Benedict G C DellaertAbstract:textabstractThe allocation of scarce health care service resources often requires trade-offs between individual and collective outcomes (e.g., when some individuals benefit more strongly from a given policy than others). Based on construal level theory, one would expect that consumers cognitively represent the individual and collective outcomes of an allocation policy at different levels of abstraction and that they evaluate allocation policies more positively when there is congruency between the cognitive representation of the policy’s focal outcome and the spatial and temporal distance inherently present in the policy’s decision context (e.g., allocation decisions on a future policy). However, we hypothesize that this congruency effect can be overruled by a high Vested Interest mindset that is activated by an individual’s recent personal experience with a health care service provider. Since a high Vested Interest mindset increases the relevance of the allocation policy implementation for the individual because s/he perceives strong personal consequences, we propose that for consumers with recent experience the evaluation of an allocation policy that focuses on individual outcomes is higher than that of a policy that focuses on collective outcomes irrespective of the spatial and temporal distance in the decision context. Results of a hypothetical experiment among a representative sample of the general population confirm the congruency effects in the new domain of health care service allocation policies, and provide support for the proposed overruling effect of the activation of a high Vested Interest mindset by recent personal experience on spatial and temporal distance.
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consumers evaluation of allocation policies for scarce health care services Vested Interest activation trumps spatial and temporal distance
Marketing Letters, 2012Co-Authors: Tim M Benning, Els Breugelmans, Benedict G C DellaertAbstract:The allocation of scarce health care service resources often requires trade-offs between individual and collective outcomes (e.g., when some individuals benefit more strongly from a given policy than others). Based on construal level theory, one would expect that consumers cognitively represent the individual and collective outcomes of an allocation policy at different levels of abstraction and that they evaluate allocation policies more positively when there is congruency between the cognitive representation of the policy’s focal outcome and the spatial and temporal distance inherently present in the policy’s decision context (e.g., allocation decisions on a future policy). However, we hypothesize that this congruency effect can be overruled by a high Vested Interest mindset that is activated by an individual’s recent personal experience with a health care service provider. Since a high Vested Interest mindset increases the relevance of the allocation policy implementation for the individual because s/he perceives strong personal consequences, we propose that for consumers with recent experience the evaluation of an allocation policy that focuses on individual outcomes is higher than that of a policy that focuses on collective outcomes irrespective of the spatial and temporal distance in the decision context. Results of a hypothetical experiment among a representative sample of the general population confirm the congruency effects in the new domain of health care service allocation policies, and provide support for the proposed overruling effect of the activation of a high Vested Interest mindset by recent personal experience on spatial and temporal distance.
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consumers evaluation of allocation policies for scarce health care services Vested Interest activation trumps spatial and temporal distance
Social Science Research Network, 2011Co-Authors: Tim M Benning, Els Breugelmans, Benedict G C DellaertAbstract:The allocation of scarce health care service resources often requires trade-offs between individual and collective outcomes (e.g., when some individuals benefit more strongly from a given policy than others). Based on construal level theory, one would expect that consumers cognitively represent the individual and collective outcomes of an allocation policy at different levels of abstraction and that they evaluate allocation policies more positively when there is congruency between the cognitive representation of the policy’s focal outcome and the spatial and temporal distance inherently present in the policy’s decision context (e.g., allocation decisions on a future policy). However, we hypothesize that this congruency effect can be overruled by a high Vested Interest mindset that is activated by an individual’s recent personal experience with a health care service provider. Since a high Vested Interest mindset increases the relevance of the allocation policy implementation for the individual because s/he perceives strong personal consequences, we propose that for consumers with recent experience the evaluation of an allocation policy that focuses on individual outcomes is higher than that of a policy that focuses on collective outcomes irrespective of the spatial and temporal distance in the decision context. Results of a hypothetical experiment amongst a representative sample of the general population provide support for the proposed overruling effect of the activation of a high Vested Interest mindset by recent personal experience on spatial and temporal distance.