The Experts below are selected from a list of 303 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
W John Martin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Stealth Virus Culture pigments: a potential source of cellular energy.
Experimental and molecular pathology, 2003Co-Authors: W John MartinAbstract:The cytopathic effect (CPE) induced in human MRC-5 fibroblasts by blood mononuclear cells of patients infected with stealth-adapted Viruses is characterized by the formation of clusters of foamy vacuolated cells that commonly become heavily pigmented. The pigmented material coalesces into discrete structures of varying shapes and sizes, including solid particles, flat ribbons, and long, thin threads. Pigmented material can also be observed in long-term Culture supernatants, sometimes accompanied by solid and needle-shaped lipid-like crystals. Accumulation of the pigmented material correlates with lessening of the CPE and outgrowth of normal appearing cells from cell clusters. The CPE can be rapidly reactivated by replacing the Culture supernatant with fresh Culture medium. Conversely, reactivation can be partially prevented by the addition of particulate pigmented material to fresh Culture medium. The pigmented material displays striking luminescence and autofluorescence. Occasional particles are ferromagnetic. Varying percentages of different minerals are identifiable in the particles using energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. Metabolic studies indicate the particles can have reducing (electron donating) capacity and can liberate gas. These findings, along with the extended survival of viable cells in unfed Virus-infected Cultures, suggest that the pigments are a potential source of cellular energy. The presence of light and magnetic-sensitive alternative cellular energy (ACE) pigments has opened new approaches for the potential therapy of stealth Virus-infected patients.
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Bacteria-related sequences in a simian cytomegaloVirus-derived stealth Virus Culture.
Experimental and molecular pathology, 1999Co-Authors: W John MartinAbstract:Extensive sequencing of cloned DNA isolated from the Culture of an African green monkey simian cytomegaloVirus-derived stealth Virus has identified multiple regions of highly significant homology to various bacterial genes. The apparent acquisition of bacterial sequences extends the potential role of stealth Viruses as natural vectors in the transfer of genetic information. The findings highlight the dynamic interface between viral and bacterial genomes and the potential of this interaction in the emergence and spread of novel pathogens. The term viteria is proposed for microorganisms that contain both eukaryotic-viral and prokaryotic-bacterial genetic sequences.
Susan M Smith - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the duration of infectiousness of individuals infected with sars cov 2
Journal of Infection, 2020Co-Authors: Kieran Walsh, Susan Spillane, Laura Comber, Karen Cardwell, Patricia Harrington, Jeff Connell, Conor Teljeur, Natasha Broderick, Cillian F De Gascun, Susan M SmithAbstract:Abstract Objectives To summarise the evidence on the duration of infectiousness of individuals in whom SARS-CoV-2 ribonucleic acid is detected. Methods A rapid review was undertaken in PubMed, Europe PubMed Central and EMBASE from 1 January 2020 to 26 August 2020. Results We identified 15 relevant studies, including 13 Virus Culture and 2 contact tracing studies. For 5 Virus Culture studies, the last day on which SARS-CoV-2 was isolated occurred within 10 days of symptom onset. For another 5 studies, SARS-CoV-2 was isolated beyond day 10 for approximately 3% of included patients. The remaining 3 Virus Culture studies included patients with severe or critical disease; SARS-CoV-2 was isolated up to day 32 in one study. Two studies identified immunocompromised patients from whom SARS-CoV-2 was isolated for up to 20 days. Both contact tracing studies, when close contacts were first exposed greater than 5 days after symptom onset in the index case, found no evidence of laboratory-confirmed onward transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion COVID-19 patients with mild-to-moderate illness are highly unlikely to be infectious beyond 10 days of symptoms. However, evidence from a limited number of studies indicates that patients with severe-to-critical illness or who are immunocompromised, may shed infectious Virus for longer.
Christopher Bohr - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A prospective clinical pilot study on the effects of a hydrogen peroxide mouthrinse on the intraoral viral load of SARS-CoV-2
Clinical Oral Investigations, 2020Co-Authors: Maximilian J. Gottsauner, Ioannis Michaelides, Barbara Schmidt, Konstantin J. Scholz, Wolfgang Buchalla, Matthias Widbiller, Florian Hitzenbichler, Tobias Ettl, Torsten E. Reichert, Christopher BohrAbstract:Objectives SARS-CoV-2 is mainly transmitted by inhalation of droplets and aerosols. This puts healthcare professionals from specialties with close patient contact at high risk of nosocomial infections with SARS-CoV-2. In this context, preprocedural mouthrinses with hydrogen peroxide have been recommended before conducting intraoral procedures. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a 1% hydrogen peroxide mouthrinse on reducing the intraoral SARS-CoV-2 load. Methods Twelve out of 98 initially screened hospitalized SARS-CoV-2-positive patients were included in this study. Intraoral viral load was determined by RT-PCR at baseline, whereupon patients had to gargle mouth and throat with 20 mL of 1% hydrogen peroxide for 30 s. After 30 min, a second examination of intraoral viral load was performed by RT-PCR. Furthermore, Virus Culture was performed for specimens exhibiting viral load of at least 10^3 RNA copies/mL at baseline. Results Ten out of the 12 initially included SARS-CoV-2-positive patients completed the study. The hydrogen peroxide mouthrinse led to no significant reduction of intraoral viral load. Replicating Virus could only be determined from one baseline specimen. Conclusion A 1% hydrogen peroxide mouthrinse does not reduce the intraoral viral load in SARS-CoV-2-positive subjects. However, Virus Culture did not yield any indication on the effects of the mouthrinse on the infectivity of the detected RNA copies. Clinical relevance The recommendation of a preprocedural mouthrinse with hydrogen peroxide before intraoral procedures is questionable and thus should not be supported any longer, but strict infection prevention regimens are of paramount importance. Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register (ref. DRKS00022484)
Laura L Savatski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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rapid simultaneous diagnosis of infections with respiratory syncytial Viruses a and b influenza Viruses a and b and human parainfluenza Virus types 1 2 and 3 by multiplex quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction enzyme hybridizati
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 1998Co-Authors: Jiang Fan, Kelly J Henrickson, Laura L SavatskiAbstract:A multiplex quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction-enzyme hybridization assay (Hexaplex; Prodesse, Milwaukee) was developed and used to rapidly detect and quantitate RNA of respiratory syncytial Viruses A and B, influenza Viruses A and B, and human parainfluenza Virus types 1, 2, and 3 in nasal wash specimens in a single test. Primers and probes originated from highly conserved regions of each viral genome. Six and a half primer pairs were mixed for the simultaneous detection and quantitation of RNA from seven different respiratory Viruses. We tested 109 clinical samples with this assay. Twenty-nine Virus Culture-positive samples were all positive by Hexaplex. Samples from 40 symptomatic patients were negative by Virus Culture, but eight of these were positive by Hexaplex. Forty samples from asymptomatic children were negative by both Virus Culture and Hexaplex. No cross-reactions were noted among 17 different respiratory Viruses with use of this assay. Hexaplex was 100% sensitive (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88-1.0) and 98% specific (95% CI, 0.97-0.99). All eight "false-positive" Hexaplex results (in comparison with negative viral Culture results) were for symptomatic patients with low numbers of Virus RNA copies. This finding suggests that Hexaplex may be more sensitive than Virus Culture. Our data demonstrate that Hexaplex is a rapid, sensitive, and specific quantitative test for the diagnosis of infections with these seven common respiratory Viruses.
Luigi Chiecobianchi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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antigen detection Virus Culture polymerase chain reaction and in vitro antibody production in the diagnosis of vertically transmitted hiv 1 infection
AIDS, 1991Co-Authors: A De Rossi, A E Ades, Fabrizio Mammano, A Del Mistro, Alberto Amadori, Carlo Giaquinto, Luigi ChiecobianchiAbstract:Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Virus Culture (V), antigen detection (Ag), and in vitro antibody production (IVAP) assays may be useful for the early detection of vertically transmitted HIV-1 infection in infants under 18 months of age, when a diagnosis cannot be based on seropositivity because of
