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James Rounds - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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great expectations adolescents intentional self regulation predicts career aspiration and expectation consistency
Journal of Vocational Behavior, 2020Co-Authors: Christopher M Napolitano, Kevin A Hoff, Colin Wee Jian Ming, James RoundsAbstract:Abstract A growing evidence base suggests the importance of goal-related intentional self-regulatory (ISR) skills for adolescents' sustained positive development, but there is little research that links teens' ISR skills to their actual goals. As career development is among the most critical goal domains during adolescence, we address this limitation by exploring the relations between youth ISR skills and their career aspirations and expectations. Using three waves of data from the 4-H Study of Positive Youth Development, we found general support for our hypotheses among a sample of approximately 16–18-year-old youth. Adolescents with higher levels of ISR skills were generally more likely to report career aspirations and expectations that were either identical, or if they differed, were similar in their required level of training, and/or their field or primary Vocational Interest classification. Because people with strong ISR skills focus their energies towards one or a small number of goals to provide structure and direction for their actions, these results suggest that youth with strong ISR skills may similarly practice a focused, goal-oriented type of career development. In addition to providing new lenses through which to examine career development theories (e.g., Holland, 1997; Lent, Brown, & Hackett, 2002), these results provide guidelines for future research and applied programs to promote adolescent career development.
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adaptive Vocational Interest diagnostic informing and improving the job assignment process
Military Psychology, 2020Co-Authors: Cristina D Kirkendall, James Rounds, Christopher D Nye, Fritz Drasgow, Oleksandr S Chernyshenko, Stephen StarkAbstract:ABSTRACTThe history of Vocational Interests shows that these measures have great promise for use in job assignment, suggesting that individuals will be more satisfied and successful in their job wh...
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Holland in Iceland revisited: an emic approach to evaluating U.S. Vocational Interest models.
Journal of counseling psychology, 2010Co-Authors: Sif Einarsdóttir, James RoundsAbstract:An emic approach was used to test the structural validity and applicability of Holland's (1997) RIASEC (Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, Conventional) model in Iceland. Archival data from the development of the Icelandic Interest Inventory (Einarsd6ttir & Rounds, 2007) were used in the present investigation. The data included an indigenous pool of occupations and work-task items representing Iceland's world of work that had been administered to a sample of 597 upper secondary school students. Multidimensional scaling analysis and property vector fitting using Prediger's (1981) work-task dimensions were applied to the item responses to test if the RIASEC model could be identified. The results indicated that a 4-dimensional solution better explains the Interest space in Iceland than Holland's 2-dimensional RIASEC representation. The work-task dimension of People-Things and the Sex-Type and Prestige dimensions were located in the 1st and 2nd dimensions of the multidimensional scaling solution, but Data-Ideas, a dimension critical to the RIASEC model, was not. The 3rd and 4th dimensions did not correspond to any dimensions previously detected in structural studies in the United States and seem to be related to specific ecological, cultural, and political forces in Iceland. These results demonstrate the importance of selecting representative indigenous occupations and work tasks when evaluating the RIASEC model. The present study is an example of the next step in a comprehensive cross-cultural research program on Vocational Interests, an emic investigation.
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fitting measurement models to Vocational Interest data are dominance models ideal
Journal of Applied Psychology, 2009Co-Authors: Louis Tay, James Rounds, Fritz Drasgow, Bruce WilliamsAbstract:Results show that across all 3 Interest inventories, the ideal point model provided better descriptions of the response process. The importance of specifying the correct item response model for precise measurement is discussed. In particular, scores computed by a dominance model were shown to be sometimes illogical: Individuals endorsing mostly realistic or mostly social items were given similar scores, whereas scores based on an ideal point model were sensitive to which type of items respondents endorsed.
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gender bias and construct validity in Vocational Interest measurement differential item functioning in the strong Interest inventory
Journal of Vocational Behavior, 2009Co-Authors: Sif Einarsdóttir, James RoundsAbstract:Abstract Item response theory was used to address gender bias in Interest measurement. Differential item functioning (DIF) technique, SIBTEST and DIMTEST for dimensionality, were applied to the items of the six General Occupational Theme (GOT) and 25 Basic Interest (BI) scales in the Strong Interest Inventory. A sample of 1860 women and 1105 men was used. The scales were not unidimensional and contain both primary and minor dimensions. Gender-related DIF was detected in two-thirds of the items. Item type (i.e., occupations, activities, school subjects, types of people) did not differ in DIF. A sex-type dimension was found to influence the responses of men and women differently. When the biased items were removed from the GOT scales, gender differences favoring men were reduced in the R and I scales but gender differences favoring women remained in the A and S scales. Implications for the development, validation and use of Interest measures are discussed.
Gabriel Nagy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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stability and change in Vocational Interest profiles and Interest congruence over the course of Vocational education and training
European Journal of Personality, 2021Co-Authors: Julian M Etzel, Gabriel NagyAbstract:The current study is concerned with the stability of and changes in Vocational Interest profiles and Interest congruence in Vocational education and training (VET). Specifically, we examined (1) th...
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the internal and external validity of the latent Vocational Interest circumplex structure relationships with self concepts and robustness against item order effects
Journal of Vocational Behavior, 2021Co-Authors: Julian M Etzel, Johannes Holland, Gabriel NagyAbstract:Abstract The Vocational Interest circumplex implies a pattern of correlations that can be represented by the Interest domains' locations on the circumference of a circle. In addition, the circumplex can be extended by placing external covariates into the two-dimensional Interest structure. Results that simultaneously support the circumplex as a model for the Interest scales' internal structure and for their external relationships with covariates provide a more comprehensive account of the circumplex's validity than isolated analyses of just one kind of validity evidence. In this article, we outline a latent variable framework that makes it possible to simultaneously examine both validity aspects and that enables researchers to study the robustness of such validity evidence across groups. We applied this framework to the eight basic Interest scales of the Personal Globe Inventory (PGI; Tracey, 2002) and their relationships with nine measures of domain-specific self-concepts. Participants were randomly assigned to groups in which the Interest items were presented in different orders with the goal of eliciting either cross-domain or within-domain comparisons. Our results suggest that the circumplex structure was remarkably similar (although not fully invariant) across conditions and that the relationships between the PGI scales and the self-concept domains were in good agreement with the circumplex regardless of item order. Interestingly, most self-concept scales occupied positions along the People-Things axis of the circumplex, thereby replicating previous results on the relationships of Vocational Interests and ability-related constructs. Taken together, our results provide strong support for the internal and external validity of the Interest circumplex as an integrative map for representing complex construct relationships.
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similarity of Vocational Interest profiles within families a person centered approach for examining associations between circumplex profiles
Journal of Personality, 2019Co-Authors: Julian M Etzel, Oliver Ludtke, Jenny Wagner, Gabriel NagyAbstract:Objective Our study addressed three questions concerning the similarity of Vocational Interests within families: (a) How similar are Vocational Interests of mothers and fathers? (b) How similar are Vocational Interests of parents and their children? (c) Is the inference about parent-child profile similarity affected by mother-father profile similarity? Method Data from N=1,624 tenth graders and their parents were used to analyze Interest profile similarity by means of a pseudo-coupling approach. Similarity was assessed on the level of observed profiles and model-based circumplex profiles. Results Interest profiles of mother-father and parent-child dyads were more similar to each other than those of corresponding arbitrarily paired dyads. However, when the similarity between the parents' Interest profiles was accounted for, only same-sex parent-child dyads were more similar to each other than would be expected by chance. All findings were mirrored on the level of observed profiles and model-based circumplex profiles. Conclusions In sum, our findings support the validity of the circumplex model of Vocational Interests and emphasize the benefits of explicitly considering its implications when analyzing profile similarity. Moreover, we were able to show that the statistical evaluation of profile similarities must account for normative profile components.
Julian M Etzel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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stability and change in Vocational Interest profiles and Interest congruence over the course of Vocational education and training
European Journal of Personality, 2021Co-Authors: Julian M Etzel, Gabriel NagyAbstract:The current study is concerned with the stability of and changes in Vocational Interest profiles and Interest congruence in Vocational education and training (VET). Specifically, we examined (1) th...
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the internal and external validity of the latent Vocational Interest circumplex structure relationships with self concepts and robustness against item order effects
Journal of Vocational Behavior, 2021Co-Authors: Julian M Etzel, Johannes Holland, Gabriel NagyAbstract:Abstract The Vocational Interest circumplex implies a pattern of correlations that can be represented by the Interest domains' locations on the circumference of a circle. In addition, the circumplex can be extended by placing external covariates into the two-dimensional Interest structure. Results that simultaneously support the circumplex as a model for the Interest scales' internal structure and for their external relationships with covariates provide a more comprehensive account of the circumplex's validity than isolated analyses of just one kind of validity evidence. In this article, we outline a latent variable framework that makes it possible to simultaneously examine both validity aspects and that enables researchers to study the robustness of such validity evidence across groups. We applied this framework to the eight basic Interest scales of the Personal Globe Inventory (PGI; Tracey, 2002) and their relationships with nine measures of domain-specific self-concepts. Participants were randomly assigned to groups in which the Interest items were presented in different orders with the goal of eliciting either cross-domain or within-domain comparisons. Our results suggest that the circumplex structure was remarkably similar (although not fully invariant) across conditions and that the relationships between the PGI scales and the self-concept domains were in good agreement with the circumplex regardless of item order. Interestingly, most self-concept scales occupied positions along the People-Things axis of the circumplex, thereby replicating previous results on the relationships of Vocational Interests and ability-related constructs. Taken together, our results provide strong support for the internal and external validity of the Interest circumplex as an integrative map for representing complex construct relationships.
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similarity of Vocational Interest profiles within families a person centered approach for examining associations between circumplex profiles
Journal of Personality, 2019Co-Authors: Julian M Etzel, Oliver Ludtke, Jenny Wagner, Gabriel NagyAbstract:Objective Our study addressed three questions concerning the similarity of Vocational Interests within families: (a) How similar are Vocational Interests of mothers and fathers? (b) How similar are Vocational Interests of parents and their children? (c) Is the inference about parent-child profile similarity affected by mother-father profile similarity? Method Data from N=1,624 tenth graders and their parents were used to analyze Interest profile similarity by means of a pseudo-coupling approach. Similarity was assessed on the level of observed profiles and model-based circumplex profiles. Results Interest profiles of mother-father and parent-child dyads were more similar to each other than those of corresponding arbitrarily paired dyads. However, when the similarity between the parents' Interest profiles was accounted for, only same-sex parent-child dyads were more similar to each other than would be expected by chance. All findings were mirrored on the level of observed profiles and model-based circumplex profiles. Conclusions In sum, our findings support the validity of the circumplex model of Vocational Interests and emphasize the benefits of explicitly considering its implications when analyzing profile similarity. Moreover, we were able to show that the statistical evaluation of profile similarities must account for normative profile components.
Terence J G Tracey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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examining the invariance of holland s Vocational Interest model across gender
Journal of Vocational Behavior, 1997Co-Authors: Mary Z Anderson, Terence J G Tracey, James RoundsAbstract:Abstract This study examines the structural invariance of Holland's (1973, 1985) Vocational Interest model across gender. Evidence of gender differences in the fit of Holland's model was sought by submitting 14 (7 male; 7 female) previously published Strong Interest Inventory (SII) General Occupational Themes (GOT) scale correlation matrices to multiple structural analytic techniques. Randomization tests of hypothesized order relations (Hubert Arabie, 1987) and single sample confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) indicated a moderate to strong correspondence between GOT data and Holland's circular order and circumplex models. Randomization tests of differences in model–data fit, and two-sample CFA indicated that these models are a no more or less accurate representation of the observed data for men than for women. Additional analyses aimed at identifying gender differences in the misfit of specific aspects of Holland's model also yielded no evidence of differential fit.
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cross cultural structural equivalence of riasec models and measures
Journal of Counseling Psychology, 1996Co-Authors: James Rounds, Terence J G TraceyAbstract:A structural meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the fit of J. L. Holland's (1985a) circular order model, I. Gati's (1982) three-group partition, and an alternative three-class partition on Vocational Interest correlation matrices drawn from the cross-cultural literature. The randomization test of hypothesized order relations (L. Hubert & P. Arabie, 1987) was used to evaluate the model fit for 20 U.S. ethnic matrices, 76 international matrices (representing 18 countries), and a U.S. benchmark sample of 73 matrices. The cross-culture structural equivalence of Holland's circular order model was not supported. Both Gati's partition and the alternative partition fit the U.S. benchmark and international samples equally well. None of the 3 models were found to be an adequate representation of the structure of Vocational Interests for U.S. ethnic samples.
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evaluating holland s and gati s Vocational Interest models a structural meta analysis
Psychological Bulletin, 1993Co-Authors: Terence J G Tracey, James RoundsAbstract:Summary and Implications Gati's (1991) conclusion that Holland's model was flawedand that his own three-g'roup-partition model of RIASEC typeswas superior is questionable on both empirical and logicalgrounds. To the contrary, we found considerable support for thesuperiority of Holland's model. The results of the three separateanalyses, each examining Gati's and Holland's models fromvarying perspectives, provide evidence of the superiority ofHolland's models (both the order model and the circumplexmodel) over Gati's three-group partition. Support for the superi-ority of Holland's models was provided using the methods ad-vocated by Gati (1991, p. 319) of testing predictions on the rawdata itself (i.e., correlation matrices) and of using a variety ofdifferent types of analyses to obviate the idiosyncrasies of eachanalysis. Gati's Criticism of Holland's Model Gati (1991) posed a number of criticisms of Holland's model,for example, issues of dimensionality, interpretation of dimen-sions, inconsistency of Holland's ordering of types, and vari-ance in the distances between adjacent types. For each criti-cism, Gati selected several studies to support his argument,ignoring, in most cases, studies that were not supportive ofthese criticisms. Although we differ with the interpretation andadequacy of these selecte d studies, it seems that most of thesecriticisms would have been better addressed empirically, usinga quantitative approach to synthesize the literatur e rather than anarrative one. Our analyses countered many of the problemswith Holland's model claimed by Gati (1991). However, twoissues in Gati's criticism of Holland's model that merit com-ment are his equating of Roe's and Holland's models and thepresence of the "hole in the middle" of the circumplex model.Although we focused only on Gati's (1991) criticism of Hol-land's model of RIASEC Interests, Gati also examined thestructure of Interests using Roe's (1956) fields. However, insteadof examining the merits of his model in relation to Holland'smodel on RIASEC types and his model in relation to Roe's onRoe's fields separately, Gati (1991) linked Holland's and Roe'smodels by labeling these two structures the hexagonal-circularmodel, thereby creating th perception that criticisms of Hol-land's structure were applicable to Roe's structure and viceversa. For example, Gati (1991) stated, "to conclude, the combi-nation of the conceptua l an d empirica problems face byth e circular-hexagonal structur just discussed raise s doubtregarding the model's adequacy [emphasis added ] and indicatesthe nee d for an alternative" (p . 312) Grante that both Hollanand Roe proposed spatial models and that several attempts(Lunneborg & Lunneborg, 1975; Meir & Ben-Yehuda, 1976)have been made to document that the two models parallel eachother, Holland and Roe had different Vocational-Interest catego-ries and measures to assess these categories, and most impor-tant, researchers have yet to replicate Roe's hypothesized circu-lar order of Interest categories (Rounds & Zevon, 1983). In com-parison, it is rare to find a study that has not replicatedHolland's RIASEC order (Gati, 1991).Furthermore, when Gati (1991, p. 310) focused on Roe'smodel, he failed to make it clear whether he was evaluatingRoe's circular structure or the different representation of Roe'seight fields proposed by Meir (1973) and Lunneborg and Lunne-borg (1975). And meanwhile, yet another inventory-based or-dering of Roe's categories has been proposed (Knapp & Knapp,1984; Knapp, Knapp, & Buttafuoco, 1978). Usually, when atheoretical model fails to fit the empirical data, the next step isto evaluate the measures developed to assess the constructs(Cronbach & Meehl, 1955) rather than revise or reject thetheory. Because only a few studies (Gati, 1991) have been con-ducted on Roe's model—using primarily the Ramak (Meir,1975), one of three Vocational-Interest measures proposed tomeasure Roe's Interest categories—it seems premature to reviseor propose yet another alternative model, such as Gati's hierar-chical model. Instead, research should focus on how the eightInterest constructs are being assessed.Gati (1991) criticized Holland's model, and circular modelsin general, with respect to the presence of a "hole in the mid-dle" (p. 311). Because there are two dimensions underlying thecircumplex model, he claimed there should be types that wouldlie in the middle of the spatial depiction (i.e., moderate on bothdimensions instead of having all scores distributed in a circularorder, equally distant from the origin). Gati's criticism was inerror in that it confused the factor space with the subject space.
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methods for evaluating Vocational Interest structural hypotheses
Journal of Vocational Behavior, 1992Co-Authors: James Rounds, Terence J G Tracey, Lawrence HubertAbstract:Abstract We critically review Holland's structural hypotheses to provide a framework for discussing the task of evaluating Vocational Interest models. Two forms of Holland's RIASEC model are proposed and the predictions from these models are specified. Holland's circular order model and circumplex structure are then evaluated to demonstrate Hubert and Arabie's randomization test of hypothesized order relations and confirmatory factor analysis. These models and methods are illustrated with two RIASEC correlation matrices based on the Unisex edition of the ACT Interest Inventory. Finally, we briefly discuss issues of model comparison and methods to integrate the empirical literature on Interest structure.
Fred H Borgen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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meta analyses of big six Interests and big five personality factors
Journal of Vocational Behavior, 2002Co-Authors: Lisa M Larson, Patrick J Rottinghaus, Fred H BorgenAbstract:Abstract This article presents a series of meta-analyses examining the 24 samples to date that have revealed the overlap of the three most widely used measures of Holland's Big Six domains of Vocational Interest, namely the Self-Directed Search (Holland, 1985a), the Strong Interest Inventory (Hansen & Campbell, 1985; Harmon, Hansen, Borgen, & Hammer, 1994), and the Vocational Preference Inventory (Holland, 1985b), with the most widely accepted measure of the Big Five personality factors, namely the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (Costa & McCrae, 1992). The meta-analyses showed the mean effect sizes for each of the 30 correlations between the six Interest dimensions and the five personality dimensions. Of the 30 correlations, 5 appeared to be substantial for both women and men and across the Interest measures. They are Artistic–Openness (r=.48), Enterprising–Extraversion (r=.41), Social–Extraversion (r=.31), Investigative–Openness (r=.28), and Social–Agreeableness (r=.19).
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the incremental validity of Vocational self efficacy an examination of Interest self efficacy and occupation
Journal of Counseling Psychology, 1999Co-Authors: David A C Donnay, Fred H BorgenAbstract:The authors examined the incremental validity, beyond Vocational Interest, of the General Confidence Themes of the Skills Confidence Inventory (N. E. Betz, F. H. Borgen, & L. W. Harmon, 1996a) as measures of Vocational self-efficacy in identifying tenured and satisfied membership in 21 occupational groups for 1,105 employed women and men. The General Occupational Themes of the Strong Interest Inventory (L. W. Harmon, J. C. Hansen, F. H. Borgen, & A. L. Hammer, 1994) were used to measure Interest. The results replicated T. J. G. Tracey's (1997) finding that self-efficacy and Interest form similar structures. Results also demonstrated the explanatory power of self-efficacy and Interest and the incremental validity of self-efficacy. The authors suggest that the Skills Confidence Inventory is (a) a valid measure of tenured and satisfied occupational membership, (b) a distinct measure from Interest but similar in structure, and (c) a potentially useful career assessment measure.
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slicing the Vocational Interest pie one more time comment on tracey and rounds
Journal of Vocational Behavior, 1996Co-Authors: Fred H Borgen, David A C DonnayAbstract:Abstract We evaluate the proposal by Tracey and Rounds (this issue) to construct a spherical representation of Vocational Interests. Their unorthodox principal components approach to creating octant scales does not create scales with clear interpretability. Many of their Interest scales have item content that is inconsistent with well-established Interest measures. Their sphere, with the addition of prestige as a third dimension, is not ready to displace Holland's hexagon in the practical arena, although it may contribute to productive debate by theorists and researchers.
