The Experts below are selected from a list of 152127 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Virginia Mantouvalou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Welfare to Work structural injustice and human rights
Modern Law Review, 2020Co-Authors: Virginia MantouvalouAbstract:This article discusses Welfare-to-Work schemes, places schemes with strict conditionality in the theoretical frameWork of structural injustice, and argues that they may violate human rights law. Welfare-to-Work schemes are schemes that impose obligations on individuals to seek and accept Work on the basis that otherwise they will be sanctioned by losing access to social support. The schemes are often presented as the best route out of poverty. However, the system in the UK, characterised by strict conditionality, has ended up coercing those who are poor and disadvantaged into precarious Work, and conditions of in-Work poverty. Because schemes with strict conditionality force people to Work in these conditions, structures of exploitation are created and sustained, becoming widespread and routine. The article further situates the problem in the theoretical frameWork of structural injustice, and argues that a frameWork of ‘state-mediated structural injustice’ is the best way of explaining the wrong. It finally claims that this injustice violates principles that are enshrined in human rights law, which the authorities have an obligation to examine and address.
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Welfare‐to‐Work, Structural Injustice and Human Rights
The Modern Law Review, 2020Co-Authors: Virginia MantouvalouAbstract:This article discusses Welfare-to-Work schemes, places schemes with strict conditionality in the theoretical frameWork of structural injustice, and argues that they may violate human rights law. Welfare-to-Work schemes are schemes that impose obligations on individuals to seek and accept Work on the basis that otherwise they will be sanctioned by losing access to social support. The schemes are often presented as the best route out of poverty. However, the system in the UK, characterised by strict conditionality, has ended up coercing those who are poor and disadvantaged into precarious Work, and conditions of in-Work poverty. Because schemes with strict conditionality force people to Work in these conditions, structures of exploitation are created and sustained, becoming widespread and routine. The article further situates the problem in the theoretical frameWork of structural injustice, and argues that a frameWork of ‘state-mediated structural injustice’ is the best way of explaining the wrong. It finally claims that this injustice violates principles that are enshrined in human rights law, which the authorities have an obligation to examine and address.
J.c. Van Ours - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Punitive sanctions and the transition rate from Welfare to Work
Journal of Labor Economics, 2004Co-Authors: Gerard J. Van Den Berg, Bas Van Der Klaauw, J.c. Van OursAbstract:In the Netherlands, the average exit rate out of Welfare is dramatically low. Most Welfare recipients have to comply with guidelines on job search effort that are imposed by the Welfare agency. If they do not, then a sanction in the form of a temporary benefit reduction can be imposed. This article investigates the effect of such sanctions on the transition rate from Welfare to Work using a unique set of rich register data on Welfare recipients. We find that the imposition of sanctions substantially increases the individual transition rate from Welfare to Work.
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From Welfare to Work: does the neighborhood matter?
Journal of Public Economics, 2003Co-Authors: Bas Van Der Klaauw, J.c. Van OursAbstract:Abstract This paper investigates whether individual transition rates from Welfare to Work are influenced by neighborhood effects. We use a unique administrative database on Welfare recipients in Rotterdam, the second largest city of The Netherlands. We find that conditional on personal characteristics there is a negative relationship between the neighborhood unemployment rate and the transition rate from Welfare to Work of young Dutch Welfare recipients. We do not find any neighborhood effects for older Dutch Welfare recipients and non-Dutch Welfare recipients. When performing some sensitivity analyses this result is robust to different specifications.
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Punitive Sanctions and the Transition Rate from Welfare to Work
1998Co-Authors: Gerard J. Van Den Berg, Bas Van Der Klaauw, J.c. Van OursAbstract:In the Netherlands, the average exit rate out of Welfare is dramatically low. Most Welfare recipients have to comply with guidelines on job search effort that are imposed by the Welfare agency. If they do not, then a sanction in the form of a temporary benefit reduction can be imposed. This article investigates the effect of such sanctions on the transition rate from Welfare to Work using a unique set of rich register data on Welfare recipients. We find that the imposition of sanctions substantially increases the individual transition rate from Welfare to Work. This discussion paper has resulted in a publication in the Journal of Labor Economics , 2004, 22(1), 211-241.
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Punitive Sanctions and the Transition Rate from Welfare to Work
SSRN Electronic Journal, 1998Co-Authors: Gerard J. Van Den Berg, Bas Van Der Klaauw, J.c. Van OursAbstract:In The Netherlands, the average exit rate out of Welfare is dramatically low. Most Welfare recipients have to comply with guidelines on job search effort that are imposed by the Welfare agency. If they do not, then a sanction in the form of a temporarily benefit reduction can be imposed. This paper investigates the effect of such sanctions on the transition from Welfare to Work using a unique set of rich administrative data on Welfare recipients in The Netherlands. We find that the imposition of sanctions substantially increases the individual transition rate from Welfare to Work. We also describe the other determinants of the transition from Welfare to Work.
Bas Van Der Klaauw - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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CaseWorker's discretion and the effectiveness of Welfare-to-Work programs
Journal of Public Economics, 2020Co-Authors: Jonneke Bolhaar, Nadine Ketel, Bas Van Der KlaauwAbstract:Abstract In this paper we focus on the role of caseWorkers in the assignment and take-up of Welfare-to-Work programs. We conduct a field experiment that generates exogenous variation in the assignment of caseWorkers to different policy regimes. The experiment allows us to provide evidence on the effectiveness of Welfare-to-Work programs and to study how caseWorkers exploit their discretion in assigning these programs to Welfare recipients. We find substantial heterogeneity in how caseWorkers assign Welfare-to-Work programs. Participation in the experiment and learning about the effectiveness of the different programs do not induce caseWorkers to focus more on the effective programs. Obtaining knowledge about Welfare-to-Work programs is thus not enough to improve policy, also effort on implementation is required.
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caseWorker s discretion and the effectiveness of Welfare to Work programs
Social Science Research Network, 2018Co-Authors: Jonneke Bolhaar, Nadine Ketel, Bas Van Der KlaauwAbstract:In this paper we focus on the role of caseWorkers in the assignment and take-up of Welfare-to-Work programs. We conduct a field experiment that generates exogenous variation in the assignment to different policy regimes to caseWorkers. The experiment allows us to provide evidence on the effectiveness of Welfare-to-Work programs and to study how caseWorkers exploit their discretion in assigning these programs to Welfare recipients. We find substantial heterogeneity in how caseWorkers assign Welfare-to-Work programs. Participation in the experiment and learning about the effectiveness of the different programs does not induce caseWorkers to focus more on the effective programs. This implies that obtaining knowledge about Welfare-to-Work programs is not enough to improve policy, also effort on implementation is required.
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Punitive sanctions and the transition rate from Welfare to Work
Journal of Labor Economics, 2004Co-Authors: Gerard J. Van Den Berg, Bas Van Der Klaauw, J.c. Van OursAbstract:In the Netherlands, the average exit rate out of Welfare is dramatically low. Most Welfare recipients have to comply with guidelines on job search effort that are imposed by the Welfare agency. If they do not, then a sanction in the form of a temporary benefit reduction can be imposed. This article investigates the effect of such sanctions on the transition rate from Welfare to Work using a unique set of rich register data on Welfare recipients. We find that the imposition of sanctions substantially increases the individual transition rate from Welfare to Work.
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From Welfare to Work: does the neighborhood matter?
Journal of Public Economics, 2003Co-Authors: Bas Van Der Klaauw, J.c. Van OursAbstract:Abstract This paper investigates whether individual transition rates from Welfare to Work are influenced by neighborhood effects. We use a unique administrative database on Welfare recipients in Rotterdam, the second largest city of The Netherlands. We find that conditional on personal characteristics there is a negative relationship between the neighborhood unemployment rate and the transition rate from Welfare to Work of young Dutch Welfare recipients. We do not find any neighborhood effects for older Dutch Welfare recipients and non-Dutch Welfare recipients. When performing some sensitivity analyses this result is robust to different specifications.
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Punitive Sanctions and the Transition Rate from Welfare to Work
1998Co-Authors: Gerard J. Van Den Berg, Bas Van Der Klaauw, J.c. Van OursAbstract:In the Netherlands, the average exit rate out of Welfare is dramatically low. Most Welfare recipients have to comply with guidelines on job search effort that are imposed by the Welfare agency. If they do not, then a sanction in the form of a temporary benefit reduction can be imposed. This article investigates the effect of such sanctions on the transition rate from Welfare to Work using a unique set of rich register data on Welfare recipients. We find that the imposition of sanctions substantially increases the individual transition rate from Welfare to Work. This discussion paper has resulted in a publication in the Journal of Labor Economics , 2004, 22(1), 211-241.
Paul M. Ong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Travel Patterns and Welfare to Work
2002Co-Authors: Paul M. Ong, Douglas HoustonAbstract:The nation is about to enter into the second stage of Welfare reform with its federal reauthorization within the upcoming year. The first stage of Welfare reform started with the enactment of the 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA), which transformed Welfare from an income entitlement program to a transition-to-Work program. As the federal and state governments reauthorize Welfare reform with the goal of refining existing policies and programs to enhance the ability of Welfare recipients to find and hold employment, it is worthwhile to examine what we have learned about the travel patterns of Welfare-to-Work participants during the initial phase of Welfare to Work. The shift to a jobs-first approach has made transportation barriers a top priority (Blumenberg and Ong, 2001). Our recent research demonstrates that employment and earnings are tied to access to private and public transportation (Ong, 2001; Ong et al., 2001; Ong and Houston, forthcoming). Here, we examine another dimension of the nexus between Welfare reform and transportation: the impact on travel patterns.
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Car Ownership and Welfare-to-Work
Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 2002Co-Authors: Paul M. OngAbstract:This study examines the role of car ownership in facilitating employment among recipients under the current Welfare-to-Work law. Because of a potential problem with simultaneity, the analysis uses an instrumental variable constructed from insurance premiums and population density for car ownership. The data comes from a 1999-2000 survey of TANF recipients in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. The empirical results show a significant independent contribution of car ownership on employment. The presence of an observed ownership is associated with 12 percentage point increase in the odds of being employed. Moreover, the results indicate that lowering insurance premiums by $100 can increase the odds of employment by 4 percentage points.
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Car ownership and Welfare‐to‐Work
Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 2002Co-Authors: Paul M. OngAbstract:This study examines the role of car ownership in facilitating employment among recipients under the current Welfare-to-Work law. Because of a potential problem with simultaneity, the analysis uses an instrumental variable constructed from insurance premiums and population density for car ownership. The data comes from a 1999-2000 survey of TANF recipients in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. The empirical results show a significant independent contribution of car ownership on employment. The presence of an observed ownership is associated with 12 percentage point increase in the odds of being employed. Moreover, the results indicate that lowering insurance premiums by $100 can increase the odds of employment by 4 percentage points.
Hartley Dean - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The ethics of Welfare-to-Work
Policy & Politics, 2007Co-Authors: Hartley DeanAbstract:This article explores the shifting ethical foundations of the Welfare-to-Work or 'Workfare' state within the richer capitalist economies of the world. It provides a discussion of the historical context; a critical analysis of competing moral discourses and ethical concepts of responsibility; and, based on this, a heuristic taxonomy of different approaches to Welfare-to-Work. It concludes with a critique of the dominant approaches to Welfare-to-Work, contending that they are at worst an affront to human rights and at best ethically ambiguous in that they fail to address people's need, as opposed to their responsibility, to Work.
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The ethics of Welfare to Work in the UK (and beyond...)
2006Co-Authors: Hartley DeanAbstract:The foundations of 'mature' Welfare states in 'developed' capitalist countries, especially (but by no means exclusively) in the English speaking world, are changing. At one level such change reflects the economic imperatives associated with globalisation. Social protection for Workers in rich nations depends increasingly on the outcome of international competition for capital investment and therefore the extent to which domestic labour market participation can be promoted, labour force costs can be constrained, and/or labour productivity can be maximised. At another level, however, the change reflects shifting political orthodoxies and moral assumptions. The social protectionist ethic is giving way to an ethic of self-responsibility (e.g. Bauman 1993, Rose 1999). This paper aims to explore the shifting ethical foundations of the 'Welfare-to-Work' or 'Workfare' state (Peck 2001; Lodemel and Trickey 2001; Jessop 2002). It will be argued that the shifts entailed are more complex and multi-layered than might at first appear. to do so, the paper starts with a discussion of the historical context, with particular emphasis for illustrative purposes on the example of the UK. The second part of the paper offers a critical analysis of competing moral discourses and ethical concepts of responsibility. The final part of the paper presents a heuristic taxonomy of Welfare-to-Work regimes and presents a critique of dominant approaches to Welfare-to-Work.
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Re-conceptualising Welfare-to-Work for People with Multiple Problems and Needs
Journal of Social Policy, 2003Co-Authors: Hartley DeanAbstract:One of the acknowledged limitations of British Welfare-to-Work policies has been that they do not necessarily succeed in assisting people with multiple problems and needs. This article will first examine conflicting aspects of Welfare-to-Work policies and the conflict between Welfareto-Work and the concept of Work–life balance, particularly as this may apply to people whose lives are especially difficult. Secondly, the article reports on the general findings of a smallscale qualitative study of the labour market experiences of people with multiple problems and needs and, more particularly, an analysis of the discursive strategies used by participants in the study. The article concludes with some observations about how Welfare-to-Work might be re-conceptualised to accommodate ontological as well as practical life needs. The central tenet of the British government’s ‘Welfare-to-Work’ policy – and the various New Deal initiatives that initially constituted its principal component – is that social inclusion is best achieved through paid employment. The principle upon which it seeks to rebuild the Welfare state is ‘Work for those who can; security for those who cannot’ (DSS, 1998, 1999). One conclusion to be drawn from a recent overview of New Deal evaluation projects has been that many participants – including young and long-term unemployed people, the partners of unemployed people, disabled people and lone parents – have received meaningful individualised assistance, but the system has been ‘less good at dealing with people with multiple problems and needs’ (Millar, 2000 :v i); or with people who, as the Social Security Advisory Committee have put it, ‘do not – and may never – fit neatly into the category of “those who can ”o r “those who can’t ”w ork’ (2002: 19).
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Re-conceptualising Welfare-to-Work for people with multiple problems and needs
LSE Research Online Documents on Economics, 2003Co-Authors: Hartley DeanAbstract:One of the acknowledged limitations of British Welfare-to-Work policies has been that they do not necessarily succeed in assisting people with multiple problems and needs. This article will first examine conflicting aspects of Welfare-to-Work policies and the conflict between Welfare-to-Work and the concept of Work–life balance, particularly as this may apply to people whose lives are especially difficult. Secondly, the article reports on the general findings of a small scale qualitative study of the labour market experiences of people with multiple problems and needs and, more particularly, an analysis of the discursive strategies used by participants in the study. The article concludes with some observations about how Welfare-to-Work might be re-conceptualised to accommodate ontological as well as practical life needs.
