The Experts below are selected from a list of 264 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Yuanzhong Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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differentiation and comparison of Wolfiporia cocos raw materials based on multi spectral information fusion and chemometric methods
Scientific Reports, 2018Co-Authors: Yan Li, Yuanzhong WangAbstract:In order to achieve the target of deeper insight into the differentiation and comparison of Wolfiporia cocos, a total of 350 samples including distinct growth patterns, various collection regions and different medicinal parts were investigated using multi-spectral information fusion based on ultraviolet (UV) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopies coupled with chemometrics. From the results, the discrimination of samples was obtained successfully and good classification performances were shown according to partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models. Comparatively, the distinctness of chemical information in the two medicinal parts of W. cocos were much more than that in the same part with different growth patterns and collection areas. Meanwhile, an interesting finding suggested that growth patterns rather than geographical origins could be the dominant factor to effect the chemical properties of the same part samples, especially for the epidermis. Compared with the epidermis samples, there were better quality consistency for the inner part of W. cocos. Totally, this study demonstrated that the developed method proved to be reliable to perform comparative analysis of W. cocos. Moreover, it could provide more comprehensive chemical evidence for the critical supplement of quality assessment on the raw materials of W. cocos.
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Application of variable selection in the origin discrimination of Wolfiporia cocos (F.A. Wolf) Ryvarden & Gilb. based on near infrared spectroscopy.
Scientific Reports, 2018Co-Authors: Tianjun Yuan, Yanli Zhao, Ji Zhang, Yuanzhong WangAbstract:Dried sclerotium of Wolfiporia cocos (F.A. Wolf) Ryvarden & Gilb. is a traditional Chinese medicine. Its chemical components showed difference among geographical origins, which made it difficult to keep therapeutic potency consistent. The identification of the geographical origin of W. cocos is the fundamental prerequisite for its worldwide recognition and acceptance. Four variable selection methods were employed for near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) variable selection and the characteristic variables were screened for the establishment of Fisher function models in further identification of the origin of W. cocos from Yunnan, China. For the obvious differences between poriae cutis (fu-ling-pi in Chinese, or FLP) and the inner part (bai-fu-ling in Chinese, or BFL) of the sclerotia of W. cocos in the pattern space of principal component analysis (PCA), we established discriminant models for FLP and BFL separately. Through variable selection, the models were significant improved and also the models were simplified by using only a small part of the variables. The characteristic variables were screened (13 for BFL and 10 for FLP) to build Fisher discriminant function models and the validation results showed the models were reliable and effective. Additionally, the characteristic variables were interpreted.
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application of variable selection in the origin discrimination of Wolfiporia cocos f a wolf ryvarden gilb based on near infrared spectroscopy
Scientific Reports, 2018Co-Authors: Tianjun Yuan, Yanli Zhao, Ji Zhang, Yuanzhong WangAbstract:Dried sclerotium of Wolfiporia cocos (F.A. Wolf) Ryvarden & Gilb. is a traditional Chinese medicine. Its chemical components showed difference among geographical origins, which made it difficult to keep therapeutic potency consistent. The identification of the geographical origin of W. cocos is the fundamental prerequisite for its worldwide recognition and acceptance. Four variable selection methods were employed for near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) variable selection and the characteristic variables were screened for the establishment of Fisher function models in further identification of the origin of W. cocos from Yunnan, China. For the obvious differences between poriae cutis (fu-ling-pi in Chinese, or FLP) and the inner part (bai-fu-ling in Chinese, or BFL) of the sclerotia of W. cocos in the pattern space of principal component analysis (PCA), we established discriminant models for FLP and BFL separately. Through variable selection, the models were significant improved and also the models were simplified by using only a small part of the variables. The characteristic variables were screened (13 for BFL and 10 for FLP) to build Fisher discriminant function models and the validation results showed the models were reliable and effective. Additionally, the characteristic variables were interpreted.
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mycology cultivation traditional uses phytochemistry and pharmacology of Wolfiporia cocos schwein ryvarden et gilb a review
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2013Co-Authors: Yuanzhong Wang, Ji Zhang, Yanli Zhao, Tao Li, Tao Shen, Jieqing Li, Wanyi LiAbstract:ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Wolfiporia cocos (Schwein.) Ryvarden et Gilb. has a long history as a Chinese traditional medicine with uses of inducing diuresis, excreting dampness, invigorating the spleen, and tranquilizing the mind. Recently, Wolfiporia cocos has received increasing interest, and phytochemical and pharmacological studies have validated the traditional uses of this species. AIMS OF THE REVIEW: To provide an up-to-date and comprehensive overview of the mycology, cultivation, traditional uses, chemical constituents and pharmacological activities aspects of Wolfiporia cocos in order to highlight its ethnopharmacological use and to explore its therapeutic potentials and to provide a basis for future research. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The accessible literature, from 1980 to 2012, on Wolfiporia cocos written in English, Chinese, French, Korean, Spanish and Turkish were selected and analyzed. RESULTS: The phytochemical and modern pharmacological studies demonstrated that Wolfiporia cocos possess a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities, such as anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, anti-rejection, nematicidal, anti-hyperglycemic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-hypertonic stress activities, which could be explained by the presence of various triterpenes and polysaccharides. CONCLUSIONS: Modern phytochemical and pharmacological investigations showed that major active components separated from Wolfiporia cocos had anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, anti-rejection activities, and so on. Further investigations are needed to explore the relationship of the molecular mass, chain stiffness, and water solubility of polysaccharide from Wolfiporia cocos with the antitumor activities.
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contents of some metabolites in the peel and flesh of the medicinal mushroom Wolfiporia cocos f a wolf ryvarden et gilb higher basidiomycetes
International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 2012Co-Authors: Yuanzhong Wang, Yanli Zhao, Tao Li, Ji ZhangAbstract:: Wolfiporia cocos (F.A. Wolf) Ryvarden et Gilb., also named Fu-Ling in Chinese, is a traditional Chinese medicine. Its inner parts of the sclerotia have an invigorating activity in addition to diuretic and sedative activities, while the epidermis has only diuretic activity and no invigorating activity. In the present study, samples were collected from three sites (Wuding, Tengchong and Fengqing) of Yunnan province and separated into peel and flesh parts. The contents of metabolites including polysaccharides, total triterpenoids, total flavonoids, total saponins, and mannitol were analyzed. Wuding samples had the highest polysaccharide (6.87 mg/g) and total triterpenoids (10.12 mg/g). Fengqing samples indicated the highest total flavonoids (4.53 mg/g), total saponins (28.66 mg/g), and mannitol (64.20 mg/g). The contents of components in the dry samples were higher than the fresh ones. Total triterpenoids, total flavonoids, and total saponins in the peel of investigated W. cocos were all higher than in the flesh. However, polysaccharide and mannitol in the peel were uniform with the flesh. The different distribution of the metabolites provided the basis for further study of pharmacology.
Ping Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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evaluation on intrinsic quality of Wolfiporia cocos influenced by cultivation methods by a multi step ir macro fingerprinting technique
Journal of Molecular Structure, 2018Co-Authors: Ping Chen, Qun ZhouAbstract:Abstract Wolfiporia cocos is a well-known traditional East-Asian medicinal fungus. In this study, four Wolfiporia cocos samples (FC-DM, RC-DM, FC-YN and SC-YN) of three cultivation methods harvest from Dabie Mountain area and Yunnan province were discriminated and identified by a multi-step IR macro-fingerprinting technique. The correlation coefficient of the three cultivation methods of Wolfiporia cocos are higher than 0.98 in the range of 450–2600 cm−1. According to retrieving the spectrum in Sadtler database, the main compositions of Wolfiporia cocos are laminarin polysaccharide. While Correlation coefficients of synchronous 2D-IR spectra of FC-DM and other Wolfiporia cocos samples were furtherly calculated, acquiring a quantitative discrimination result. The thermal sensitivity of polysaccharides of SC-YN is different from other samples in the range of 850–1370 cm−1. The difference in thermal sensitivity of C H (1402 and 1474 cm−1) and amino acid (1666 or 1651 cm−1) could also be considered as the key factors to discriminate them. The result proved that the 2DCOS-IR could discriminate Wolfiporia cocos of different cultivation methods.
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the phosphatome of medicinal and edible fungus Wolfiporia cocos
Current Microbiology, 2018Co-Authors: Shaopeng Zhang, Ping Chen, Yonglian Zheng, Xiaowen XuAbstract:Wolfiporia cocos is an important medicinal and edible fungus that grows in association with pine trees, and its dried sclerotium has been used as a traditional medicine in China for centuries. However, the commercial production of W. cocos sclerotia is currently limited by shortages in pine wood resources. Since protein phosphatases (PPs) play significant roles in growth, signal transduction, development, metabolism, sexual reproduction, cell cycle, and environmental stress responses in fungi, the phosphatome of W. cocos was analyzed in this study by identifying PP genes, studying transcript profiles and assigning PPs to orthologous groups. Fifty-four putative PP genes were putatively identified in W. cocos genome based on homologous sequences searching using BLASTx program against the Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Fusarium graminearum, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum databases. Based on known and presumed functions of orthologues of these PP genes found in other fungi, the putative roles of these W. cocos PPs in colonization, hyphal growth, sclerotial formation, secondary metabolism, and stress tolerance to environment were discussed in this study. And the level of transcripts from PP genes in the mycelium and sclerotium stages was also analyzed by qRT-PCR. Our study firstly identified and functional discussed the phosphatome in the medicinal and edible fungus W. cocos. The data from our study contribute to a better understanding of PPs potential roles in various cellar processes of W. cocos, and systematically provide comprehensive and novel insights into W. cocos economically important traits that could be extended to other fungi.
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de novo assembly and transcriptome analysis of sclerotial development in Wolfiporia cocos
Gene, 2016Co-Authors: Yayun Wu, Ping Chen, Yonglian Zheng, Xiaolong Zhao, Qi Wang, Wanyong Zeng, Shaopeng ZhangAbstract:Abstract Wolfiporia cocos Ryvarden et Gilbertson, a well-known medicinal fungus in the Basidiomycetes, is widely distributed in East Asia. Its dried sclerotium, which is known as Fuling in China, has been used as a traditional crude drug in Chinese traditional medicine for thousand years. However, little is known about how the sclerotium is developed at the genetic level. In this study, the de novo sequencing of sclerotia of W. cocos (S1_initial stage; S2_developmental stage and S3_mature stage) was carried out by illumina HiSeq 2000 technology. 27,438 unigenes were assembled from ~ 30 Gbp raw data, and 12,093 unigenes were significantly annotated. The analysis of expression profiles during development returned 304 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were clustered into four different groups according to their expression trends. Especially for the maturation stage (S3), the sclerotium exhibited a markedly different expression profile from other stages. We further showed that peroxisome, unsaturation of fatty acids and degradation pathway were respectively prevalent in S1, S2 and S3 stages as evidenced by enrichment analysis. To our knowledge, this study represents the first report of sclerotial development transcriptomics in W. cocos. The obtained results provide novel insights into the developmental biology of the sclerotia, which is helpful for future studies about cultivation and breeding of W. cocos.
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de novo analysis of Wolfiporia cocos transcriptome to reveal the differentially expressed carbohydrate active enzymes cazymes genes during the early stage of sclerotial growth
Frontiers in Microbiology, 2016Co-Authors: Shaopeng Zhang, Fang Peng, Yonglian Zheng, Ying Xiong, Bingxiong Hu, Yang Yu, Ping ChenAbstract:The sclerotium of Wolfiporia cocos has been used as an edible mushroom and/or a traditional herbal medicine for centuries. W. cocos sclerotial formation is dependent on parasitism of the wood of Pinus species. Currently, the sclerotial development mechanisms of W. cocos remain largely unknown and the lack of pine resources limit the commercial production. The CAZymes (carbohydrate-active enzymes) play important roles in degradation of the plant cell wall to provide carbohydrates for fungal growth, development and reproduction. In this study, the transcript profiles from W. cocos mycelium and two-months-old sclerotium, the early stage of sclerotial growth, were specially analyzed using de novo sequencing technology. A total of 142,428,180 high-quality reads of mycelium and 70,594,319 high-quality reads of two-months-old sclerotium were obtained. Additionally, differentially expressed genes from the W. cocos mycelium and two-months-old sclerotium stages were analyzed, resulting in identification of 69 CAZymes genes which were significantly up-regulated during the early stage of sclerotial growth compared to that of in mycelium stage, and more than half of them belonged to glycosyl hydrolases (GHs) family, indicating the importance of W. cocos GHs family for degrading the pine woods. And qRT-PCR was further used to confirm the expression pattern of these up-regulated CAZymes genes. Our results will provide comprehensive CAZymes genes expression information during W. cocos sclerotial growth at the transcriptional level and will lay a foundation for functional genes studies in this fungus. In addition, our study will also facilitate the efficient use of limited pine resources, which is significant for promoting steady development of Chinese W. cocos industry.
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An Efficient PEG/CaCl₂-Mediated Transformation Approach for the Medicinal Fungus Wolfiporia cocos.
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2015Co-Authors: Juan Zhao, Jia Song, Fang Peng, Shaopeng Zhang, Yonglian Zheng, Ping ChenAbstract:Abstract Sclerotia of Wolfiporia cocos are of medicinal and culinary value. The genes and molecular mechanisms involved in W. cocos sclerotial formation are poorly investigated because of the lack of a suitable and reproducible transformation system for W. cocos. In this study, a PEG/ CaCl₂-mediated genetic transformation system for W. cocos was developed. The promoter Pgpd from Ganoderma lucidum effectively drove expression of the hygromycin B phosphotransferase gene in W. cocos, and approximately 30 transformants were obtained per 10 μg DNA when the protoplast suspension density was 10(6) protoplasts/ml. However, no transformants were obtained under the regulation of the PtrpC promoter from Aspergillus nidulans.
Shaopeng Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the phosphatome of medicinal and edible fungus Wolfiporia cocos
Current Microbiology, 2018Co-Authors: Shaopeng Zhang, Ping Chen, Yonglian Zheng, Xiaowen XuAbstract:Wolfiporia cocos is an important medicinal and edible fungus that grows in association with pine trees, and its dried sclerotium has been used as a traditional medicine in China for centuries. However, the commercial production of W. cocos sclerotia is currently limited by shortages in pine wood resources. Since protein phosphatases (PPs) play significant roles in growth, signal transduction, development, metabolism, sexual reproduction, cell cycle, and environmental stress responses in fungi, the phosphatome of W. cocos was analyzed in this study by identifying PP genes, studying transcript profiles and assigning PPs to orthologous groups. Fifty-four putative PP genes were putatively identified in W. cocos genome based on homologous sequences searching using BLASTx program against the Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Fusarium graminearum, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum databases. Based on known and presumed functions of orthologues of these PP genes found in other fungi, the putative roles of these W. cocos PPs in colonization, hyphal growth, sclerotial formation, secondary metabolism, and stress tolerance to environment were discussed in this study. And the level of transcripts from PP genes in the mycelium and sclerotium stages was also analyzed by qRT-PCR. Our study firstly identified and functional discussed the phosphatome in the medicinal and edible fungus W. cocos. The data from our study contribute to a better understanding of PPs potential roles in various cellar processes of W. cocos, and systematically provide comprehensive and novel insights into W. cocos economically important traits that could be extended to other fungi.
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de novo assembly and transcriptome analysis of sclerotial development in Wolfiporia cocos
Gene, 2016Co-Authors: Yayun Wu, Ping Chen, Yonglian Zheng, Xiaolong Zhao, Qi Wang, Wanyong Zeng, Shaopeng ZhangAbstract:Abstract Wolfiporia cocos Ryvarden et Gilbertson, a well-known medicinal fungus in the Basidiomycetes, is widely distributed in East Asia. Its dried sclerotium, which is known as Fuling in China, has been used as a traditional crude drug in Chinese traditional medicine for thousand years. However, little is known about how the sclerotium is developed at the genetic level. In this study, the de novo sequencing of sclerotia of W. cocos (S1_initial stage; S2_developmental stage and S3_mature stage) was carried out by illumina HiSeq 2000 technology. 27,438 unigenes were assembled from ~ 30 Gbp raw data, and 12,093 unigenes were significantly annotated. The analysis of expression profiles during development returned 304 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were clustered into four different groups according to their expression trends. Especially for the maturation stage (S3), the sclerotium exhibited a markedly different expression profile from other stages. We further showed that peroxisome, unsaturation of fatty acids and degradation pathway were respectively prevalent in S1, S2 and S3 stages as evidenced by enrichment analysis. To our knowledge, this study represents the first report of sclerotial development transcriptomics in W. cocos. The obtained results provide novel insights into the developmental biology of the sclerotia, which is helpful for future studies about cultivation and breeding of W. cocos.
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de novo analysis of Wolfiporia cocos transcriptome to reveal the differentially expressed carbohydrate active enzymes cazymes genes during the early stage of sclerotial growth
Frontiers in Microbiology, 2016Co-Authors: Shaopeng Zhang, Fang Peng, Yonglian Zheng, Ying Xiong, Bingxiong Hu, Yang Yu, Ping ChenAbstract:The sclerotium of Wolfiporia cocos has been used as an edible mushroom and/or a traditional herbal medicine for centuries. W. cocos sclerotial formation is dependent on parasitism of the wood of Pinus species. Currently, the sclerotial development mechanisms of W. cocos remain largely unknown and the lack of pine resources limit the commercial production. The CAZymes (carbohydrate-active enzymes) play important roles in degradation of the plant cell wall to provide carbohydrates for fungal growth, development and reproduction. In this study, the transcript profiles from W. cocos mycelium and two-months-old sclerotium, the early stage of sclerotial growth, were specially analyzed using de novo sequencing technology. A total of 142,428,180 high-quality reads of mycelium and 70,594,319 high-quality reads of two-months-old sclerotium were obtained. Additionally, differentially expressed genes from the W. cocos mycelium and two-months-old sclerotium stages were analyzed, resulting in identification of 69 CAZymes genes which were significantly up-regulated during the early stage of sclerotial growth compared to that of in mycelium stage, and more than half of them belonged to glycosyl hydrolases (GHs) family, indicating the importance of W. cocos GHs family for degrading the pine woods. And qRT-PCR was further used to confirm the expression pattern of these up-regulated CAZymes genes. Our results will provide comprehensive CAZymes genes expression information during W. cocos sclerotial growth at the transcriptional level and will lay a foundation for functional genes studies in this fungus. In addition, our study will also facilitate the efficient use of limited pine resources, which is significant for promoting steady development of Chinese W. cocos industry.
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An Efficient PEG/CaCl₂-Mediated Transformation Approach for the Medicinal Fungus Wolfiporia cocos.
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2015Co-Authors: Juan Zhao, Jia Song, Fang Peng, Shaopeng Zhang, Yonglian Zheng, Ping ChenAbstract:Abstract Sclerotia of Wolfiporia cocos are of medicinal and culinary value. The genes and molecular mechanisms involved in W. cocos sclerotial formation are poorly investigated because of the lack of a suitable and reproducible transformation system for W. cocos. In this study, a PEG/ CaCl₂-mediated genetic transformation system for W. cocos was developed. The promoter Pgpd from Ganoderma lucidum effectively drove expression of the hygromycin B phosphotransferase gene in W. cocos, and approximately 30 transformants were obtained per 10 μg DNA when the protoplast suspension density was 10(6) protoplasts/ml. However, no transformants were obtained under the regulation of the PtrpC promoter from Aspergillus nidulans.
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an efficient peg cacl mediated transformation approach for the medicinal fungus Wolfiporia cocos
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2015Co-Authors: Juan Zhao, Jia Song, Fang Peng, Shaopeng Zhang, Yonglian Zheng, Ping ChenAbstract:Abstract Sclerotia of Wolfiporia cocos are of medicinal and culinary value. The genes and molecular mechanisms involved in W. cocos sclerotial formation are poorly investigated because of the lack of a suitable and reproducible transformation system for W. cocos. In this study, a PEG/ CaCl₂-mediated genetic transformation system for W. cocos was developed. The promoter Pgpd from Ganoderma lucidum effectively drove expression of the hygromycin B phosphotransferase gene in W. cocos, and approximately 30 transformants were obtained per 10 μg DNA when the protoplast suspension density was 10(6) protoplasts/ml. However, no transformants were obtained under the regulation of the PtrpC promoter from Aspergillus nidulans.
Ji Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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occurrence distribution and estimated intake of mercury and selenium from sclerotia of the medicinal fungus Wolfiporia cocos from china
Chemosphere, 2020Co-Authors: Ji Zhang, Jerzy Falandysz, Martyna Saba, Anetta HancAbstract:Abstract The contamination and distribution of mercury and selenium in the Chinese medicinal fungus Wolfiporia cocos was investigated. The sclerotial mercury concentrations ranged from 0.0043 to 0.027 mg kg1 dry biomass (db) in the inner white part and 0.019–0.074 mg kg−1 db in the shell (outer part), while selenium concentrations ranged from 10) and in 11 of 17 shell pools (quotient 0.37 to 3.2). The estimated maximal exposure to mercury contained in sclerotial products based on 45 g per capita daily intake for a 60 kg individual over one week, was 0.000020 mg kg−1 body mass (bm; white) and 0.000055 mg kg−1 bm (shell) on a daily basis, and 0.00014 mg kg−1 bm (white) and 0.00039 mg kg−1 bm (shell) on a weekly basis. Relative to mercury, the corresponding intake rates of selenium were considered very low, i.e., they averaged on a daily basis at 0.00075 μg kg−1 bm (white) and 0.0097 μg kg−1 bm (shell) with maximum intake at 0.0030 μg kg−1 bm (white) and 0.028 μg kg−1 bm (shell).
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Application of variable selection in the origin discrimination of Wolfiporia cocos (F.A. Wolf) Ryvarden & Gilb. based on near infrared spectroscopy.
Scientific Reports, 2018Co-Authors: Tianjun Yuan, Yanli Zhao, Ji Zhang, Yuanzhong WangAbstract:Dried sclerotium of Wolfiporia cocos (F.A. Wolf) Ryvarden & Gilb. is a traditional Chinese medicine. Its chemical components showed difference among geographical origins, which made it difficult to keep therapeutic potency consistent. The identification of the geographical origin of W. cocos is the fundamental prerequisite for its worldwide recognition and acceptance. Four variable selection methods were employed for near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) variable selection and the characteristic variables were screened for the establishment of Fisher function models in further identification of the origin of W. cocos from Yunnan, China. For the obvious differences between poriae cutis (fu-ling-pi in Chinese, or FLP) and the inner part (bai-fu-ling in Chinese, or BFL) of the sclerotia of W. cocos in the pattern space of principal component analysis (PCA), we established discriminant models for FLP and BFL separately. Through variable selection, the models were significant improved and also the models were simplified by using only a small part of the variables. The characteristic variables were screened (13 for BFL and 10 for FLP) to build Fisher discriminant function models and the validation results showed the models were reliable and effective. Additionally, the characteristic variables were interpreted.
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application of variable selection in the origin discrimination of Wolfiporia cocos f a wolf ryvarden gilb based on near infrared spectroscopy
Scientific Reports, 2018Co-Authors: Tianjun Yuan, Yanli Zhao, Ji Zhang, Yuanzhong WangAbstract:Dried sclerotium of Wolfiporia cocos (F.A. Wolf) Ryvarden & Gilb. is a traditional Chinese medicine. Its chemical components showed difference among geographical origins, which made it difficult to keep therapeutic potency consistent. The identification of the geographical origin of W. cocos is the fundamental prerequisite for its worldwide recognition and acceptance. Four variable selection methods were employed for near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) variable selection and the characteristic variables were screened for the establishment of Fisher function models in further identification of the origin of W. cocos from Yunnan, China. For the obvious differences between poriae cutis (fu-ling-pi in Chinese, or FLP) and the inner part (bai-fu-ling in Chinese, or BFL) of the sclerotia of W. cocos in the pattern space of principal component analysis (PCA), we established discriminant models for FLP and BFL separately. Through variable selection, the models were significant improved and also the models were simplified by using only a small part of the variables. The characteristic variables were screened (13 for BFL and 10 for FLP) to build Fisher discriminant function models and the validation results showed the models were reliable and effective. Additionally, the characteristic variables were interpreted.
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mycology cultivation traditional uses phytochemistry and pharmacology of Wolfiporia cocos schwein ryvarden et gilb a review
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2013Co-Authors: Yuanzhong Wang, Ji Zhang, Yanli Zhao, Tao Li, Tao Shen, Jieqing Li, Wanyi LiAbstract:ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Wolfiporia cocos (Schwein.) Ryvarden et Gilb. has a long history as a Chinese traditional medicine with uses of inducing diuresis, excreting dampness, invigorating the spleen, and tranquilizing the mind. Recently, Wolfiporia cocos has received increasing interest, and phytochemical and pharmacological studies have validated the traditional uses of this species. AIMS OF THE REVIEW: To provide an up-to-date and comprehensive overview of the mycology, cultivation, traditional uses, chemical constituents and pharmacological activities aspects of Wolfiporia cocos in order to highlight its ethnopharmacological use and to explore its therapeutic potentials and to provide a basis for future research. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The accessible literature, from 1980 to 2012, on Wolfiporia cocos written in English, Chinese, French, Korean, Spanish and Turkish were selected and analyzed. RESULTS: The phytochemical and modern pharmacological studies demonstrated that Wolfiporia cocos possess a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities, such as anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, anti-rejection, nematicidal, anti-hyperglycemic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-hypertonic stress activities, which could be explained by the presence of various triterpenes and polysaccharides. CONCLUSIONS: Modern phytochemical and pharmacological investigations showed that major active components separated from Wolfiporia cocos had anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, anti-rejection activities, and so on. Further investigations are needed to explore the relationship of the molecular mass, chain stiffness, and water solubility of polysaccharide from Wolfiporia cocos with the antitumor activities.
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contents of some metabolites in the peel and flesh of the medicinal mushroom Wolfiporia cocos f a wolf ryvarden et gilb higher basidiomycetes
International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 2012Co-Authors: Yuanzhong Wang, Yanli Zhao, Tao Li, Ji ZhangAbstract:: Wolfiporia cocos (F.A. Wolf) Ryvarden et Gilb., also named Fu-Ling in Chinese, is a traditional Chinese medicine. Its inner parts of the sclerotia have an invigorating activity in addition to diuretic and sedative activities, while the epidermis has only diuretic activity and no invigorating activity. In the present study, samples were collected from three sites (Wuding, Tengchong and Fengqing) of Yunnan province and separated into peel and flesh parts. The contents of metabolites including polysaccharides, total triterpenoids, total flavonoids, total saponins, and mannitol were analyzed. Wuding samples had the highest polysaccharide (6.87 mg/g) and total triterpenoids (10.12 mg/g). Fengqing samples indicated the highest total flavonoids (4.53 mg/g), total saponins (28.66 mg/g), and mannitol (64.20 mg/g). The contents of components in the dry samples were higher than the fresh ones. Total triterpenoids, total flavonoids, and total saponins in the peel of investigated W. cocos were all higher than in the flesh. However, polysaccharide and mannitol in the peel were uniform with the flesh. The different distribution of the metabolites provided the basis for further study of pharmacology.
Adriane M. F. Milagres - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Lignocellulosic polysaccharides and lignin degradation by wood decay fungi: the relevance of nonenzymatic Fenton-based reactions
Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology, 2011Co-Authors: Valdeir Arantes, Adriane M. F. Milagres, Timothy R. Filley, Barry GoodellAbstract:The brown rot fungus Wolfiporia cocos and the selective white rot fungus Perenniporia medulla - panis produce peptides and phenolate-derivative compounds as low molecular weight Fe^3+-reductants. Phenolates were the major compounds with Fe^3+-reducing activity in both fungi and displayed Fe^3+-reducing activity at pH 2.0 and 4.5 in the absence and presence of oxalic acid. The chemical structures of these compounds were identified. Together with Fe^3+ and H_2O_2 (mediated Fenton reaction) they produced oxygen radicals that oxidized lignocellulosic polysaccharides and lignin extensively in vitro under conditions similar to those found in vivo. These results indicate that, in addition to the extensively studied Gloeophyllum trabeum —a model brown rot fungus—other brown rot fungi as well as selective white rot fungi, possess the means to promote Fenton chemistry to degrade cellulose and hemicellulose, and to modify lignin. Moreover, new information is provided, particularly regarding how lignin is attacked, and either repolymerized or solubilized depending on the type of fungal attack, and suggests a new pathway for selective white rot degradation of wood. The importance of Fenton reactions mediated by phenolates operating separately or synergistically with carbohydrate-degrading enzymes in brown rot fungi, and lignin-modifying enzymes in white rot fungi is discussed. This research improves our understanding of natural processes in carbon cycling in the environment, which may enable the exploration of novel methods for bioconversion of lignocellulose in the production of biofuels or polymers, in addition to the development of new and better ways to protect wood from degradation by microorganisms.
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response of Wolfiporia cocos to iron availability alterations in growth expression of cellular proteins fe3 reducing activity and fe3 chelators production
Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2007Co-Authors: Valdeir Arantes, Adriane M. F. MilagresAbstract:Aims: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the behaviour of the brown-rot fungus Wolfiporia cocos under differential iron availability. Methods and Results: W. cocos was grown under three differential iron conditions. Growth, catecholate and hydroxamate production, and mycelial and extracellular Fe3+-reducing activities were determined. Iron starvation slowed fungal growth and accelerated pH decline. Some mycelial proteins of low molecular weight were repressed under iron restriction, whereas others of high molecular weight showed positive iron regulation. Mycelial ferrireductase activity decreased as culture aged, while Fe3+-reducing activity of low molecular reductants constantly increased. Hydroxamates production suffered only limited iron repression, whereas catecholates production showed to be more iron repressible. Conclusions: W. cocos seems to possess more than one type of iron acquisition mechanism; one involving secretion of organic acids and ferrireductases and/or extracellular reductants, and another relying on secretion of catecholates and hydroxamates chelators. Significance and Impact of the Study: This paper is the first to report the kinetic study of brown-rot fungus grown under differential iron availability, and the information provided here contributes to address more traditional problems in protecting wood from brown decay, and also makes a contribution in the general area of the physiology of brown-rot fungi.
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evaluation of different carbon sources for production of iron reducing compounds by Wolfiporia cocos and perenniporia medulla panis
Process Biochemistry, 2006Co-Authors: Valdeir Arantes, Adriane M. F. MilagresAbstract:Abstract Wood decaying fungi grown in different culture media were evaluated for production of low molecular weight compounds (catecholate and hydroxamate derived and glycopeptides) with Fe 3+ -reducing activity. The brown-rot Wolfiporia cocos and the white-rot Perenniporia medulla-panis were selected because they had previously been reported to produce Fe 3+ -reducing compounds. Cultures were grown in liquid media with different carbon sources: glucose, l -ornithine, and succinic acid, all with and without microcrystalline cellulose supplementation. The fungi displayed different growth in different culture media and visually, the presence of cellulose promoted the highest biomass production. Catecholate compounds were produced mostly when glucose-cellulose was the carbon source for W. cocos and ornithine-cellulose for P. medulla-panis . Production of hydroxamate compounds were stimulated in ornithine-cellulose medium for W. cocos and in ornithine for P. medulla-panis . Moreover, no production of low molecular weight ( 3+ -reducing activities produced by W. cocos and P. medulla-panis were obtained in the same culture medium in which the highest catecholate compounds production was detected. Microcrystalline cellulose supplementation seemed to increase catecholate compounds production with concurrent increase of Fe 3+ -reducing activity by both fungi.
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Production of metal chelating compounds by white and brown-rot fungi and their comparative abilities for pulp bleaching
Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 2002Co-Authors: Adriane M. F. Milagres, Valdeir Arantes, C.l. Medeiros, Ángela MachucaAbstract:Wolfiporia cocos, Gloeophyllum trabeum, Trametes versicolor and Poria medula-panis basidiomycetes, were cultivated in wheat bran liquid medium and their supernatants were concentrated and separated by ultrafiltration into low and high molecular mass fractions. The molecular mass fraction below 5 kDa promoted a quick change in the color of chrome-azurol S (CAS)-blue reagent to purple. The compounds responsible for the positive CAS reaction in the fungal extracts were identified by specific assays. Catecholate and hydroxamate derivatives and oxalic acid were detected in extracts of low molecular mass from the fungi. However, higher amounts of these compounds were produced by the brown-rot fungi. Treatment of eucalyptus kraft pulps by these low molecular mass compounds (5 kDa) evidenced the effectiveness of compounds from white-rot P. medula-panis and T. versicolor (13.6% and 14.4% delignification, respectively). These same compounds intensively decolorized the polyanthraquinone ligninolytic indicator dye, Poly R-478. The low molecular mass fraction of brown-rot G. trabeum degraded the pulps with 10.8% of viscosity loss and the kappa reduction and Poly-R decolorization was less effective. This results indicate that the mechanisms of lignin degradation by white-rotters are in part oxidative and non-enzymatic and did not cause the depolymerization of cellulose observed with brown-rot fungi. © 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
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Evaluating the basidiomycetes Poria medula-panis and Wolfiporia cocos for xylanase production.
Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 2001Co-Authors: Adriane M. F. Milagres, Rita M. SalesAbstract:Xylanase, oxidative enzymes and iron-binding compounds were detected in the filtrates of Wolfiporia cocos and Poria medula-panis grown in wheat bran liquid medium. Xylanase and iron-binding compounds were produced at high levels by the brown-rot fungus (BR) W. cocos and at low levels by the white-rot fungus (WR) P. medula-panis. Phenoloxidase was produced only by P. medula-panis. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) (SDS-PAGE) showed a wide variety of bands for extracellular proteins produced by W.cocos, with low molecular weight (
