The Experts below are selected from a list of 306 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

R A Zinn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Effects of dietary calcium levels on growth-performance and digestive function in cattle fed a high-fat finishing diet.
    Journal of Applied Animal Research, 2020
    Co-Authors: Alejandro Plascencia, E. Alvarez, M. F. Montano, Jaime Salinas-chavira, R A Zinn
    Abstract:

    Abstract Plascencia, A., Alvarez, E.G., Montanto, M., Salinas-Chavira, J. and Zinn, R.A. 2009. Effects of dietary calcium levels on growth-performance and digestive function in cattle fed a high-fat finishing diet. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 36: 179–184. A growth performance and digestion trial was conducted to evaluate the influence of dietary calcium level on the feeding value of a high-fat (11%) finishing diet. Treatments consisted of three levels of dietary Ca: 0.50, 0.70 and 0.90% (DM basis). Ca source was limestone and Yellow Grease was included as supplemental fat. There were no treatment effects (P>0.20) on DMI. Increasing dietary Ca level enhanced ADG (P 0.10) on total tract digestion of OM, ...

  • Comparative Feeding Value of Palmitate as a Substitute for Conventional Feed Fat in Cattle
    2020
    Co-Authors: L. Corona, Alejandro Plascencia, R. A. Ware, R A Zinn
    Abstract:

    Four Holstein steers (456 kg) fitted with cannulas in the rumen and proximal duodenum were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square design to evaluate the influence of substituting palmitic acid (Energizer', IFFCO, EEU; 92% C16:0) for conventional feed fat (Yellow Grease) on characteristics of digestion and utilization of fat. Treatments were: 1) basal diet, no supplemental fat; 2) 5% of Yellow Grease; 3) 2.5% of Yellow Grease and 2.5% palmitate and 4) 5% palmitate. The basal diet contained (DMB): alfalfa hay (40.0%), steam-flaked corn (43.2%), canola meal (7.0%), molasses (8.0%) ,and mineral supplement (1.8%). Fat treatments replaced steam-flaked corn in the basal diet. Total fatty acid intake for fat supplemented diets averaged 637 g/d. Inclusion of palmitate increased quantitatively (linear effect, P 0.20) by fat supplementation. Fat supplementation increased (P 0.20) on ruminal pH, VFA molar proportions, or estimated methane production. Calculated NEg for supplemental fats were 4.53 ,4.83, and 4.64 Mcal/kg for Yellow Grease, Yellow Grease-palmitate blend, and palmitate, respectively. Intestinal digestion of a supplemental fat consisting of 92% palmitate is equivalent to that of Yellow Grease (conventional feed fat). Substituting a portion of the supplemental feed fat with palmitate may

  • comparative effects of solid fat sources as a substitute for Yellow Grease on digestion of diets for feedlot cattle
    Animal Production Science, 2019
    Co-Authors: A Plascencia, R A Zinn
    Abstract:

    Five cannulated Holstein steers fed a steam-flaked corn-based growing diet containing 40% of alfalfa hay were used in a 5 × 5 Latin square design to examine the effect of ‘solid’ supplemental fats as a substitute for Yellow Grease (YG) on the extent and site of digestion. Treatments were (% of diet DM) as follows: (1) no supplemental fat; (2) 5% YG; (3) 5.88% calcium soaps (ML); (4) 5% flaked palmitic acid (RP10); and (5) 5% hydrogenated palm fatty acid distillate (HPFAD). Supplemental fats replaced the corn in the control diet. Supplemental fat decreased (P < 0.01) ruminal and total-tract digestion of organic matter and tended to decrease (P = 0.06) ruminal digestion of neutral detergent fibre, with no effects on ruminal digestion of feed N, microbial N efficiency, or total-tract digestion of N and neutral detergent fibre. With the exception of RP10, fat supplementation decreased (P < 0.03) postruminal digestion of C18:0. Compared with the original C16:0 : C18:0 ratio of solid fats, the C16:0 : C18:0 ratio of fatty acids (FAs) entering the small intestine markedly decreased for all solid-fat treatments. Ruminal biohydrogenation of YG and ML were 73% and 49% respectively. On the basis of FA intake, postruminal FA digestion of YG, ML, RP10 and HPFAD was 0.97, 0.94, 0.92 and 0.80 of expected respectively. This experiment confirmed that postruminal digestion of total FAs of conventional supplemental Yellow Grease is a predictable function of total FA intake per unit of bodyweight. However, in the case sources of the solids fats, this relationship (FA intake and postruminal digestion of FAs) was less consistent. This may be due to their physical and chemical nature (saturated FA : unsaturated FA ratio). On the basis of the nutrient digestion and postruminal FA digestibility observed in the present experiment, solid supplemental fats do not afford appreciable advantages over conventional YG when supplemented in growing diets (forage level ~400 g/kg diet DM) for feedlot steers.

  • Interaction of dietary magnesium level on the feeding value of supplemental fat in finishing diets for feedlot steers.
    Journal of Animal Science, 2000
    Co-Authors: J. E. Ramirez, R A Zinn
    Abstract:

    : A feeding trial involving 160 crossbred steers (357 kg) and a metabolism trial involving eight Holstein steers (189 kg) cannulated in the rumen and proximal duodenum were conducted to evaluate the interaction of dietary Mg level (.18 vs .32%, DM basis) and supplemental fat (0% supplemental fat vs 4% tallow [T], Yellow Grease [YG], or griddle Grease [GG]) on growth performance and NE value of the diet. Dietary Mg level did not influence (P > .10) growth performance. Daily weight gain was lower (11%, P .10) Ca digestion but decreased (41.7%, P .10) on postruminal fatty acid digestion. Fat supplementation decreased (17.3%, P < .01) the acetate:propionate molar ratio. Total ruminal protozoal counts were increased (12.7%, P < .05) by increasing dietary Mg level and decreased (12.9%, P < .05) by fat supplementation. We conclude that supplemental fats may depress Mg absorption. Increasing dietary magnesium levels beyond current recommendations may increase marbling scores in cattle fed fat-supplemented diets but may not affect growth performance or dietary NE. The NE value of fat is a predictable function of level of fat intake.

  • Influence of ruminal biohydrogenation on the feeding value of fat in finishing diets for feedlot cattle.
    Journal of Animal Science, 2000
    Co-Authors: R A Zinn, A Plascencia, S K Gulati, J Salinas
    Abstract:

    : Four Holstein steers (212 kg) with cannulas in the rumen and proximal duodenum were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square experiment to study the influence of degree of ruminal biohydrogenation (BH) on the feeding value of supplemental fat. Treatments consisted of an 88% concentrate finishing diet supplemented with 1) 2% Yellow Grease (control); 2) 4% formaldehyde-protected fat (Rumentek), 2% Yellow Grease (LBH); 3) 2% Rumentek, 4% Yellow Grease (MBH); or 4) 6% Yellow Grease (HBH). Ruminal BH of HBH, MBH, and LBH diets was 74, 68, and 54%, respectively. High-fat supplementation decreased (7%, P .10) by BH. In a 125-d finishing trial, 100 yearling steers (362 kg) were used to evaluate treatment effects on growth performance. High-fat diets did not affect (P > .10) ADG but increased (P < .10) feed efficiency (9%, P < .10), dietary NEm (7.6%, P < .05), and dressing percentage (9%, P < .05). The magnitude of the increase in dressing percentage was inversely related (linear effect, P < .10) to BH. We conclude that decreasing ruminal BH will increase postruminal digestibility of fat, and hence the NE value of dietary fat. The synergistic effect of increasing the proportion of 18:1 on intestinal digestion of fat enables higher levels of fat supplementation. Protecting fat from BH minimizes the detrimental effects of supplemental fat on fiber digestion.

K. Y. Simon Ng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Performance of heterogeneous ZrO2 supported metaloxide catalysts for brown Grease esterification and sulfur removal.
    Bioresource Technology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Craig Dimaggio, Steven O. Salley, Huali Wang, K. Y. Simon Ng
    Abstract:

    In order to achieve a viable biodiesel industry, new catalyst technology is needed which can process a variety of less expensive waste oils, such as Yellow Grease and brown Grease. However, for these catalysts to be effective for biodiesel production using these feedstocks, they must be able to tolerate higher concentrations of free fatty acids (FFA), water, and sulfur. We have developed a class of zirconia supported metaloxide catalysts that achieve high FAME yields through esterification of FFAs while simultaneously performing desulfurization and de-metallization functions. In fact, methanolysis, with the zirconia supported catalysts, was more effective for desulfurization than an acid washing process. In addition, using zirconia supported catalysts to convert waste Grease, high in sulfur content, resulted in a FAME product that could meet the in-use ASTM diesel fuel sulfur specification (

  • Investigation of Lubricity Characteristics of Biodiesel in Petroleum and Synthetic Fuel
    Energy & Fuels, 2009
    Co-Authors: Kapila Wadumesthrige, Steven O. Salley, K. Y. Simon Ng
    Abstract:

    The lubricity of ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) and synthetic fuel (S8) blended with different levels of cotton seed oil, soybean oil, or poultry fat based biodiesel was evaluated using a high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR). The lubricity of ULSD and S8 blends increases sharply as the biodiesel blending level increases and then levels off at ∼2 vol %. The effects of individual minor components of biodiesel, free fatty acids (FFAs), glycerol, antioxidants, phospholipids, and water, on lubricity enhancement of ULSD were investigated. Among the minor components, polar compounds achieved better lubricity improvement. The order of the effect was FFA > soy biodiesel > phospholipids > antioxidant > glycerol > distilled soy biodiesel > individual FAME. Lubricity of the residues of distilled cotton seed oil and Yellow Grease biodiesel was also compared to the distillates. The effect of the temperature with 2 vol % soybean oil (SBO) blend with ULSD was examined. This biodiesel mixture shows better lubricity, attributed to boundary film formation, at temperatures greater than 70 °C.

  • Investigation of lubricity characteristics of biodiesel in petroleum and synthetic fuel
    Energy and Fuels, 2009
    Co-Authors: Kapila Wadumesthrige, Mahbuba Ara, Steven O. Salley, K. Y. Simon Ng
    Abstract:

    The lubricity of ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) and synthetic fuel (S8) blended with different levels of cotton seed oil, soybean oil, or poultry fat based biodiesel was evaluated using a high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR). The lubricity of ULSD and S8 blends increases sharply as the biodiesel blending level increases and then levels off at ∼2 vol %. The effects of individual minor components of biodiesel, free fatty acids (FFAs), glycerol, antioxidants, phospholipids, and water, on lubricity enhancement of ULSD were investigated. Among the minor components, polar compounds achieved better lubricity improvement. The order of the effect was FFA > soy biodiesel > phospholipids > antioxidant > glycerol > distilled soy biodiesel > individual FAME. Lubricity of the residues of distilled cotton seed oil and Yellow Grease biodiesel was also compared to the distillates. The effect of the temperature with 2 vol % soybean oil (SBO) blend with ULSD was examined. This biodiesel mixture shows better lubricity, attributed to boundary film formation, at temperatures greater than 70°C. © 2009 American Chemical Society.

  • Formation of Insolubles in Palm Oil-, Yellow Grease-, and Soybean Oil-Based Biodiesel Blends After Cold Soaking at 4 °C
    Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 2008
    Co-Authors: Haiying Tang, Steven O. Salley, Rhet C. Guzman, K. Y. Simon Ng
    Abstract:

    The insolubles formed in biodiesel blends can cause operation problems because they can plug the fuel lines and filters. The formation of insolubles in soybean oil (SBO-), Yellow Grease (YG-), and palm oil (PO-) based biodiesel blends after cold soaking at 4 °C was investigated. PO-based biodiesel blends displayed a much higher time to filter (TTF) and greater insoluble mass, compared to SBO-, and YG-based biodiesel blends. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) chromatograms indicated that PO-based biodiesel insolubles can be attributed to monoglycerides, while SBO-based biodiesel insolubles are due to steryl glucosides (SG). A simple analytical method for identification of SG in biodiesel samples was established by GC-FID.

S.j. Taylor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Saturation Ratio of Supplemental Dietary Lipid on Production Performance of Holstein Cows
    The Professional Animal Scientist, 2008
    Co-Authors: M.a. Ballou, H. Perez-monti, S.j. Taylor, J.w. Pareas, Edward J. Depeters
    Abstract:

    Abstract Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of supplemental lipid varying in proportion of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids on lactation performance and milk composition. All diets (45% chopped alfalfa hay and 55% concentrates) contained 12% whole cottonseed (as-fed) and were fed as a TMR. Treatments were no supplemental lipid (control, 3% total fatty acids, DM basis) or the addition of2% supplemental lipid from tallow, Yellow Grease, or a blend (60% tallow:40% Yellow Grease). In Exp. 1, 48 cows were assigned to their treatment diets beginning wk 4 and ending wk 18 of lactation. In Exp. 2, 4 cows that completed Exp. 1 were enrolled in a 4 x 4 Latin square with 2-wk periods to further study the effects of saturation ratio of the supplemental lipids on milk composition. In Exp. 1, no treatment effects were observed for DMI, milk production, or milk composition; however, 4% fat-corrected milk tended to increase and fat yield increased for lipid-supplemented treatments. In Exp. 2, DMI, milk production, and percent and yield of milk fat increased in lipid-supplemented treatments. Digestible energy intakes tended to increase when Yellow Grease was the lipid source compared with tallow. In both experiments, milk fatty acid composition was affected by supplemental lipid as well as the source of supplemental lipid. No effects on lactation performance were evident due to the differences in the un-saturated to saturated fatty acid composition of the supplemental lipid source.

  • In vitro rumen fermentation and gas production: influence of Yellow Grease, tallow, corn oil and their potassium soaps
    Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2001
    Co-Authors: G. Getachew, Edward J. Depeters, P.h. Robinson, S.j. Taylor
    Abstract:

    The effect of addition of fat on in vitro gas production, volatile fatty acid (VFA) production, in vitro true digestibility (IVTD), and ammonia-N concentration was assessed by incubation of a simulated total mixed ration in buffered rumen fluid using an in vitro gas technique. Fat sources were corn oil (CO), tallow (TL), Yellow Grease (YG), and potassium soaps (K-soaps) of CO, YG, and TL. Addition of YG increased (P

  • in vitro rumen fermentation and gas production influence of Yellow Grease tallow corn oil and their potassium soaps
    Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2001
    Co-Authors: G. Getachew, Edward J. Depeters, P.h. Robinson, S.j. Taylor
    Abstract:

    The effect of addition of fat on in vitro gas production, volatile fatty acid (VFA) production, in vitro true digestibility (IVTD), and ammonia-N concentration was assessed by incubation of a simulated total mixed ration in buffered rumen fluid using an in vitro gas technique. Fat sources were corn oil (CO), tallow (TL), Yellow Grease (YG), and potassium soaps (K-soaps) of CO, YG, and TL. Addition of YG increased (P<0.001) in vitro gas production while TL had no effect. Neither YG nor TL affected IVTD and total VFA production. Addition of either YG or TL decreased acetate production and increased propionate production. Addition of CO increased in vitro gas production, but had no effect on IVTD and total VFA production. However, CO decreased acetate and increased propionate production with a concomitant decrease in the acetate to propionate ratio. Addition of K-soaps of CO, TL and YG depressed in vitro gas production, IVTD, VFA and ammonia-N concentrations. K-soaps also caused a marked decrease in acetate and increase in propionate production. The absence of negative effects on rumen fermentation parameters in response to the inclusion of fat in the form of triglycerides to an in vitro system at up to 25% DM suggests that triglycerides have much less effect on rumen fermentation parameters than corresponding free fatty acids. In contrast, the K-soaps of each respective fat had detrimental effects on in vitro rumen fermentations.

  • Influences of saturation ratio of supplemental dietary fat on digestion and milk yield in dairy cows.
    Journal of Dairy Science, 2000
    Co-Authors: C.d. Avila, S.j. Taylor, Edward J. Depeters, H. Perez-monti, R A Zinn
    Abstract:

    Abstract Four multiparous, ruminally and duodenally cannulated Holstein cows in midlactation were utilized in a 4 × 4 Latin square to evaluate the effects of supplemental fat from sources varying in proportions of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids on nutrient digestion and lactation performance. All diets (45% alfalfa hay) contained 12% whole cottonseed (as-fed); treatments were no supplemental fat (control, 3% total fatty acids, dry matter basis) or additional 2% tallow, 2% Yellow Grease, or 2% blend (60% tallow: 40% Yellow Grease). The unsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratios were 1:1 for tallow and 2.5:1 for Yellow Grease. Dry matter intake, apparent ruminal and total tract digestibilities of organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, N, and fatty acids, and microbial efficiency were similar across treatments. Microbial N flow to the duodenum was increased by Yellow Grease. Supplemental fat reduced the postruminal digestibility of fatty acids, primarily the saturated fatty acids; increasing saturation of the fat source magnified the reduction. Total volatile fatty acid concentrations and ruminal fluid pH were unaffected by fat supplementation or saturation level. Blend decreased ruminal pH and acetate to propionate ratio. Yields of milk and milk fat increased with fat supplementation. Concentrations and yields of trans vaccenic acid in milk increased linearly with the unsaturated fatty acid content of the fat supplement. Modest supplementation using highly unsaturated fats to diets containing whole cottonseed can increase milk production without disturbing rumen function, evident by the similar VFA concentrations, nutrient digestibilities, and milk composition.

Yanna Liang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Sweet sorghum bagasse and corn stover serving as substrates for producing sophorolipids
    Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology, 2017
    Co-Authors: Abdul Samad, Ji Zhang, Da Chen, Xiaowen Chen, Melvin Tucker, Yanna Liang
    Abstract:

    To make the process of producing sophorolipids by Candida bombicola truly sustainable, we investigated production of these biosurfactants on biomass hydrolysates. This study revealed: (1) yield of sophorolipds on bagasse hydrolysate decreased from 0.56 to 0.54 and to 0.37 g/g carbon source when Yellow Grease was dosed at 10, 40 and 60 g/L, respectively. In the same order, concentration of sophorolipids was 35.9, 41.9, and 39.3 g/L; (2) under similar conditions, sophorolipid yield was 0.12, 0.05 and 0.04 g/g carbon source when corn stover hydrolysate was mixed with soybean oil at 10, 20 and 40 g/L. Sophorolipid concentration was 11.6, 4.9, and 3.9 g/L for the three oil doses from low to high; and (3) when corn stover hydrolysate and Yellow Grease served as the substrates for cultivating the yeast in a fermentor, sophorolipid concentration reached 52.1 g/L. Upon further optimization, sophorolipids production from ligocellulose will be indeed sustainable.

  • converting crude glycerol derived from Yellow Grease to lipids through yeast fermentation
    Bioresource Technology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Yanna Liang, Jesse T Trushenski, James W. Blackburn
    Abstract:

    Cryptococcus curvatus, an oleaginous yeast was observed to grow on crude glycerol derived from Yellow Grease. When cultured in a one-stage fed-batch process wherein crude glycerol and nitrogen source were fed intermittently for 12 days, the final biomass density and lipid content were 31.2 g/l and 44.2%, respectively. When cultured in a two-stage fed-batch operation wherein crude glycerol was supplemented at different time points while nitrogen source addition was discontinued at the middle of the experiment, the biomass density was 32.9 g/l and the lipid content was 52% at the end of 12 days. Compared with other oil feedstocks for biodiesel production, lipid accumulated by C. curvatus grown on glycerol has high concentration of monounsaturated fatty acid, which makes it an excellent source for biodiesel use.

  • batch stage study of lipid production from crude glycerol derived from Yellow Grease or animal fats through microalgal fermentation
    Bioresource Technology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Yanna Liang, Nicolas Sarkany, James W. Blackburn
    Abstract:

    Abstract A marine microalga, Schizochytrium limacinum SR21 has been found to grow fast on crude glycerol – a major by-product from the current biodiesel industry. Using crude glycerol derived from restaurant used oils (Yellow Grease), we have determined that glycerol concentrations of 25 and 35 g/l were the optimal ones for untreated and treated crude glycerol in batch cultures, respectively. Biomass dry weight as 8.3 and 13.3 g/l were attained for these two doses, respectively. Higher concentrations of glycerol resulted in decreased cell growth due to substrate inhibition and methanol presence. With 35 g/l, the cellular lipid content was the highest – 73.3% among all the doses tested. Animal fats derived crude glycerol also supported algal growth and lipid production. Results from this study set a solid foundation for our ongoing fed-batch process to achieve maximal crude glycerol utilization and lipid production.

E K Buttrey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • effects of glycerin concentration in steam flaked corn based diets with supplemental Yellow Grease on performance and carcass characteristics of finishing beef steers
    Journal of Animal Science, 2015
    Co-Authors: E K Buttrey, M K Luebbe, F T Mccollum, N A Cole, J C Macdonald, K E Hales
    Abstract:

    Forty-eight individually fed crossbred steers (initial BW = 381 ± 7.61 kg) were used to determine the effects of glycerin (GLY) concentration in steam-flaked corn (SFC)-based diets with added Yellow Grease on animal performance and carcass characteristics. Glycerin was included at 0, 2.5, 5, and 10% dietary DM replacing SFC. A completely randomized design was used with steers as the experimental unit, and the model included the fixed effects of diet. Contrast statements were used to determine linear and quadratic effects of GLY inclusion. Final BW and DMI were not affected (P > 0.27) by GLY concentration. Average daily gain and G:F based on live BW did not differ as GLY level increased in the diet from 0 to 10% of DM (P > 0.33). Carcass-adjusted final BW and carcass-adjusted G:F were also not affected by GLY concentration (P > 0.22); however, carcass-adjusted ADG tended to respond quadratically by decreasing from 2.5 to 5% GLY inclusion and increasing thereafter (P = 0.10). Calculated dietary NEm and NEg did not differ as GLY increased in the diet (P > 0.37). Hot carcass weight tended to respond quadratically, decreasing from 2.5 to 5% GLY and increasing thereafter (P = 0.10). Likewise, dressing percentage tended to respond quadratically by decreasing from 2.5 to 5% GLY inclusion and increasing to 10% GLY inclusion (P = 0.09). Fat thickness decreased linearly as GLY inclusion increased in the diet (P 0.21). Calculated yield grade (YG) decreased linearly as GLY increased in the diet from 0 to 10% of DM (P = 0.04). Based on our results, there was no animal performance benefit for replacing SFC with GLY in diets containing Yellow Grease, and the only change in carcass merit was a slight improvement in YG.

  • Effects of 35% corn wet distillers grains plus solubles in steam-flaked and dry-rolled corn-based finishing diets on animal performance, carcass characteristics, beef fatty acid composition, and sensory attributes
    Journal of Animal Science, 2013
    Co-Authors: E K Buttrey, F T Mccollum, N A Cole, K. H. Jenkins, J. B. Lewis, Stephen B. Smith, R. K. Miller, T. E. Lawrence, Pablo Pinedo, James C. Macdonald
    Abstract:

    : Fifty-four individually-fed Hereford-Angus cross steers (initial BW = 308 ± 9 kg) were used in an unbalanced randomized block design with a 2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement to determine effects of corn processing method and corn wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS) inclusion in finishing diets on animal performance, carcass and beef characteristics, and sensory attributes. Dietary treatments included steam-flaked corn- (SFC) and dry-rolled corn (DRC)-based finishing diets containing 0 or 35% WDGS (DM basis; 0SFC and 35SFC, 0DRC and 35DRC, respectively). Yellow Grease was used to equilibrate fat content of diets. Steers were fed 174 d, and were harvested on a single date when the mean ultrasound fat thickness was estimated to be 1.30 cm. No interactions between corn processing and WDGS were observed for performance or carcass characteristics (P ≥ 0.11). Final BW (556 ± 14 kg) and ADG (1.43 ± 0.06 kg) were not affected (P ≥ 0.25) by dietary treatment. Steers fed SFC-based diets consumed less feed, and were 10.6% more efficient (P 0.20). Livery-organy aromatics (P = 0.03) and sweet basic tastes (P = 0.01) in steaks from the 35SFC treatment were more intense than in other treatments, but were barely detectable. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances tended to be greater in steaks from steers fed WDGS after 5 d of storage (P = 0.10), and were greater after 7 d. (P < 0.01). Inclusion of WDGS used in this experiment improved G:F with minimal impacts on carcass characteristics. Both WDGS inclusion and corn processing method impacted fatty acid composition. However, diet had minimal impacts on palatability attributes. When compared with diets fat-equilibrated with Yellow Grease, the primary concern with incorporating WDGS appears to be decreased shelf-life after 5 d of storage.

  • CASE STUDY: Grain adaptation of yearling steers to steam-flaked corn-based diets using a complete starter feed1
    The Professional Animal Scientist, 2012
    Co-Authors: E K Buttrey, M K Luebbe, R. G. Bondurant, James C. Macdonald
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT Three hundred six crossbred steers (initial BW = 319 ± 0.5 kg) were used to determine effects of adapting steers to a finishing diet using a complete starter feed (RAMP; Cargill Corn Milling, Blair, NE) for 14 to 30 d on steer performance and carcass characteristics. The RAMP treatments were compared with a traditional step-up procedure (CON). Steers in the CON treatment were adapted from the initial diet containing 45% alfalfa hay (ALF), 32.5% steam-flaked corn (SFC), 20% wet corn gluten feed (Sweet Bran, Cargill Corn Milling), and 2.5% supplement to the final finishing diet containing 65.7% SFC, 20% Sweet Bran, 8% ALF, 3% Yellow Grease, and 3.3% supplement over a 22-d period. During the step-up period, concentration of ALF was reduced and SFC, Yellow Grease, and urea were increased. Steers assigned to RAMP treatments were adapted to the same finishing diet using RAMP fed for 14, 18, 22, 26, or 30 d. During adaptation, RAMP decreased and the finishing diet increased. Compared with CON, RAMP increased carcass-adjusted final BW (584 vs. 597 kg; P = 0.05), ADG (1.90 vs. 1.99 kg; P = 0.06), and HCW (372 vs. 380 kg; P = 0.05). As the adaptation period for steers consuming RAMP increased from 14 to 30 d, fat thickness (P = 0.06), and YG (P = 0.01) increased linearly. Adapting steers to a finishing diet using RAMP increases animal BW gain during the finishing phase and reduces the total amount of roughage used by 21 to 28%.