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J Santiagomoreno - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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using transrectal ultrasound guided massage of the Accessory Sex Glands for buck semen collection yields semen with greater cryoresistance than electroejaculation alone during the breeding season
Theriogenology, 2021Co-Authors: Madeleine Guerrerogutierrez, J Santiagomoreno, Rodolfo Ungerfeld, Mariana Garcia Kako Rodriguez, Julia GiriboniAbstract:Abstract The cryoresistance of bucks’ semen collected by transrectal ultrasound-guided massage of the Accessory Sex Glands (TUMASG) and electroejaculation (EE) was compared during the breeding season (Study 1) or the late non-breeding season (Study 2). Semen was collected from 10 Gabon bucks with both methods in each season and then frozen according to a standardized protocol. The time required for ejaculation, the number of electrical pulses applied, the sum of the electrical pulses applied∗voltage and the total number of vocalizations emitted during the collection by each animal were recorded. In Study 1, TUMASG required a longer time (P = 0.0006) but fewer electrical pulses and a lower sum of pulses∗voltage than EE (P
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sperm collection by transrectal ultrasound guided massage of the Accessory Sex Glands is less stressful than electroejaculation without altering sperm characteristics in conscious goat bucks
Theriogenology, 2017Co-Authors: S Abrilsanchez, J Santiagomoreno, Julia Giriboni, Florencia Beracochea, Aline Freitasdemelo, Juan Pablo Damian, Rodolfo UngerfeldAbstract:Abstract In anesthetized non-domestic ruminants transrectal ultrasound-guided massage of the Accessory Sex Glands (TUMASG) is an alternative method to collect semen slightly less stressful than electroejaculation (EE). However, some sperm characteristics are better when semen is collected with EE than with TUMASG. As anesthesia reduces the response to stressors, the advantages of TUMASG may be reduced in anesthetized animals, and thus, TUMASG may be even more advantageous in conscious animals. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare the stress response and the characteristics of the sperm collected with TUMASG and EE in conscious goat bucks. Semen was collected in 10 bucks with both procedures. During each procedure, the time required for ejaculation, the number of electric pulses applied and the number of vocalizations were recorded. Rectal temperature, heart rate, serum cortisol concentration, biochemical and hematological parameters were measured before and after each procedure. Sperm characteristics [ejaculated volume, sperm concentration, sperm mass motility (scale 0–5), sperm vigor (scale 0–5), the percentages of motile and progressive motile sperm, of sperm vitality, of sperm with plasma membrane integrity, and with acrosome damage and morphological abnormalities] were also determined. Electroejaculation required more electric pulses than TUMASG (P
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semen collection by transrectal ultrasound guided massage of the Accessory Sex Glands is less stressful than electroejaculation in non anaesthetised goat bucks
Animal reproduction, 2017Co-Authors: S Abrilsanchez, J Santiagomoreno, Florencia Beracochea, Juan Pablo Damian, A Freitasmelo, J Gibironi, N Zambra, A Fernandez, Rodolfo UngerfeldAbstract:Electroejaculation (EE) is a technique used for semen collection in small ruminants that were no trained to use an artificial vagina or that are still prepuberal, or during the non-breeding season. Although it is easy to apply, it induces pain and stress. Transrectal ultrasound-guided massage of the Accessory Sex Glands (TUMASG) is an alternative technique for semen collection in small ruminants that occasionally require some electric pulses to collect sperm. Although to perform TUMASG procedures technicians need to be trained, it provokes less stress responses than EE in anaesthetised ruminants, however some sperm characteristics are better when semen is collected with EE. Moreover, TUMASG has not been tested yet without general anaesthesia. Thus, the aim of the present study was to compare the stress response and sperm characteristics of the semen collected with TUMASG or EE in non-anesthetized goat bucks. The semen was collected by TUMASG or EE in 10 conscious Gabon bucks. First, each procedure was applied in 5 animals, and one week later the other procedure was applied in the other 5 animals (total = 10 collections/technique from the same 10 animals). The length time and the number of electric pulses applied were recorded during each procedure. Cortisol concentration, glycaemia, concentration of creatine kinase, total protein, albumin and globulin, as well as white blood cell number (WBC) were measured before and after of each procedure. Besides, the sperm parameters (volume, sperm concentration, sperm mass motility (0-5), percentages of sperm motility, sperm progressive motility, sperm viability, acrosome integrity and normal morphology) were determined. More electric pulses were needed with EE than with TUMASG (23.4 ± 2.1 vs 1.2 ± 0.1, respectively; P < 0.0001), but TUMASG took more time than EE (487.5 ± 37.5 s vs 109.1 ± 12.3 s, respectively; P < 0.0001). Cortisol concentration was greater with EE than TUMASG (25.9 ± 1.2 vs 22.0 ± 1.2 nmol/L, respectively; P = 0.04). Concentration of creatine kinase, total protein, albumin and globulin increased similarly after both procedures (general means before: 78.4 ± 10.4 U/L; 88.8 ± 1.6 g/L; 26.5 ± 1.2 g/L; 61.9 ± 1.7 g/L; respectively; after: 82.9 ± 10.3 U/L; 92.3 ± 1.6 g/L; 28.1 ± 1.2 g/L; 63.5 ± 1.7 g/L; respectively). Glycaemia (general mean: 71.5 ± 1.6 mg/dL) and WBC (general mean: 8.9 ± 0.8 109 /L) were not affected by the procedures. None of the sperm parameters were affected by TUMASG or EE. We concluded that although TUMASG took more time than EE, the former is less stressful, as it induced lower secretion of cortisol and needed less electric pulses than EE. In summary, TUMASG did not affect the sperm characteristic and provoked less negative effects on animal welfare than EE, thus it could be used to collect semen in non-anaesthetised small ruminants.
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oxytocin administration before sperm collection by transrectal ultrasonic guided massage of the Accessory Sex Glands in mouflons and bucks
Animal Reproduction Science, 2016Co-Authors: Rodolfo Ungerfeld, C Castano, A Toledanodiaz, Julia Giriboni, S Abrilsanchez, Florencia Beracochea, J SantiagomorenoAbstract:Transrectal ultrasonic-guided massage of the Accessory Sex Glands (TUMASG) is an alternative technique for sperm collection which decreases negative animal welfare concerns of electroejaculation. However, quality of collected sperm with TUMASG is less than that collected by electroejaculation. Utilisation of TUMASG may not, however, induce strong muscular contractions, so administration of oxytocin before the procedure may improve sperm quality. Therefore, two studies were designed to determine if administration of oxytocin before TUMASG improves the procedure and quality of the collected semen. The first study was performed with anaesthetised mouflons, and the second with non-anaesthetised Gabon bucks. Time length, number of electric pulses applied and numbers of vocalizations were recorded, and sperm characteristics were analysed. The number of electrical pulses and sperm characteristics did not differ with oxytocin administration in mouflons. However, oxytocin administration decreased time length (P=0.02) and tended to decrease the number of electric pulses needed for induction of ejaculation (P=0.08) in bucks. The number of vocalizations and sperm variables did not differ when the two procedures were used. In conclusion, oxytocin administration before TUMASG shortened the procedure and tended to decrease the number of electrical pulses needed to induce ejaculation in conscious bucks, thus, decreasing welfare concerns for the animals in which TUMASG is used. Therefore, its routine inclusion in this species should be considered.
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physiological responses and characteristics of sperm collected after electroejaculation or transrectal ultrasound guided massage of the Accessory Sex Glands in anesthetized mouflons ovis musimon and iberian ibexes capra pyrenaica
Theriogenology, 2015Co-Authors: Rodolfo Ungerfeld, C Castano, A Toledanodiaz, M C Esteso, A Lopezsebastian, J Pradiee, Beatriz Labrador, J SantiagomorenoAbstract:The objective was to characterize the stress response and the seminal parameters obtained with electroejaculation (EE) or transrectal ultrasound-guided massage of the Accessory Sex Glands (TUMASG) in two captive but nondomestic ruminants, the mouflons and the Iberian ibex under general anesthesia. In mouflons, the physiological responses (heart and respiratory rate, rectal temperature, cortisol, creatine kinase, potassium and glucose concentrations) changed similarly with both procedures. The TUMASG procedure was faster than EE in mouflons (21.7 ± 1.4 vs. 12.4 ± 1.2 minutes, P < 0.01). In ibexes, respiratory rate, cortisol and creatine kinase concentration changes were greater with EE than with TUMASG (final respiratory rate: 62.7 ± 5.5 vs. 38.1 ± 5.6 breaths/min [P < 0.05]; final cortisol: 51.4 ± 5.1 vs. 25.3 ± 5.6 ng/mL [P < 0.001]; and final creatine kinase: 300.9 ± 99.9 vs. 87.1 ± 16.9 U/L [P < 0.001]). Electroejaculation provided better results in some sperm parameters (mouflons: sperm score: 3.4 ± 0.3 vs. 2.6 ± 0.2 [P < 0.01]; total number of sperm ejaculated: 982.4 ± 299 vs. 710.0 ± 542.2 [P < 0.05]; ibexes: sperm with progressive motility: 47.7 ± 6.2 vs. 20.5 ± 8.3 [P < 0.05]). The transrectal ultrasound-guided massage of the Accessory Sex Glands appears to be an alternative technique to collect sperm from wild ruminants, reducing the need for electrical stimuli and thus decreasing the undesired responses of EE in the more sensitive species. On the other hand, better fresh sperm may be collected with EE. However, TUMASG provides practical advantages in animal welfare, firstly in these wild species more sensible to stress management and capture myopathy.
Rodolfo Ungerfeld - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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using transrectal ultrasound guided massage of the Accessory Sex Glands for buck semen collection yields semen with greater cryoresistance than electroejaculation alone during the breeding season
Theriogenology, 2021Co-Authors: Madeleine Guerrerogutierrez, J Santiagomoreno, Rodolfo Ungerfeld, Mariana Garcia Kako Rodriguez, Julia GiriboniAbstract:Abstract The cryoresistance of bucks’ semen collected by transrectal ultrasound-guided massage of the Accessory Sex Glands (TUMASG) and electroejaculation (EE) was compared during the breeding season (Study 1) or the late non-breeding season (Study 2). Semen was collected from 10 Gabon bucks with both methods in each season and then frozen according to a standardized protocol. The time required for ejaculation, the number of electrical pulses applied, the sum of the electrical pulses applied∗voltage and the total number of vocalizations emitted during the collection by each animal were recorded. In Study 1, TUMASG required a longer time (P = 0.0006) but fewer electrical pulses and a lower sum of pulses∗voltage than EE (P
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sperm collection by transrectal ultrasound guided massage of the Accessory Sex Glands is less stressful than electroejaculation without altering sperm characteristics in conscious goat bucks
Theriogenology, 2017Co-Authors: S Abrilsanchez, J Santiagomoreno, Julia Giriboni, Florencia Beracochea, Aline Freitasdemelo, Juan Pablo Damian, Rodolfo UngerfeldAbstract:Abstract In anesthetized non-domestic ruminants transrectal ultrasound-guided massage of the Accessory Sex Glands (TUMASG) is an alternative method to collect semen slightly less stressful than electroejaculation (EE). However, some sperm characteristics are better when semen is collected with EE than with TUMASG. As anesthesia reduces the response to stressors, the advantages of TUMASG may be reduced in anesthetized animals, and thus, TUMASG may be even more advantageous in conscious animals. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare the stress response and the characteristics of the sperm collected with TUMASG and EE in conscious goat bucks. Semen was collected in 10 bucks with both procedures. During each procedure, the time required for ejaculation, the number of electric pulses applied and the number of vocalizations were recorded. Rectal temperature, heart rate, serum cortisol concentration, biochemical and hematological parameters were measured before and after each procedure. Sperm characteristics [ejaculated volume, sperm concentration, sperm mass motility (scale 0–5), sperm vigor (scale 0–5), the percentages of motile and progressive motile sperm, of sperm vitality, of sperm with plasma membrane integrity, and with acrosome damage and morphological abnormalities] were also determined. Electroejaculation required more electric pulses than TUMASG (P
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semen collection by transrectal ultrasound guided massage of the Accessory Sex Glands is less stressful than electroejaculation in non anaesthetised goat bucks
Animal reproduction, 2017Co-Authors: S Abrilsanchez, J Santiagomoreno, Florencia Beracochea, Juan Pablo Damian, A Freitasmelo, J Gibironi, N Zambra, A Fernandez, Rodolfo UngerfeldAbstract:Electroejaculation (EE) is a technique used for semen collection in small ruminants that were no trained to use an artificial vagina or that are still prepuberal, or during the non-breeding season. Although it is easy to apply, it induces pain and stress. Transrectal ultrasound-guided massage of the Accessory Sex Glands (TUMASG) is an alternative technique for semen collection in small ruminants that occasionally require some electric pulses to collect sperm. Although to perform TUMASG procedures technicians need to be trained, it provokes less stress responses than EE in anaesthetised ruminants, however some sperm characteristics are better when semen is collected with EE. Moreover, TUMASG has not been tested yet without general anaesthesia. Thus, the aim of the present study was to compare the stress response and sperm characteristics of the semen collected with TUMASG or EE in non-anesthetized goat bucks. The semen was collected by TUMASG or EE in 10 conscious Gabon bucks. First, each procedure was applied in 5 animals, and one week later the other procedure was applied in the other 5 animals (total = 10 collections/technique from the same 10 animals). The length time and the number of electric pulses applied were recorded during each procedure. Cortisol concentration, glycaemia, concentration of creatine kinase, total protein, albumin and globulin, as well as white blood cell number (WBC) were measured before and after of each procedure. Besides, the sperm parameters (volume, sperm concentration, sperm mass motility (0-5), percentages of sperm motility, sperm progressive motility, sperm viability, acrosome integrity and normal morphology) were determined. More electric pulses were needed with EE than with TUMASG (23.4 ± 2.1 vs 1.2 ± 0.1, respectively; P < 0.0001), but TUMASG took more time than EE (487.5 ± 37.5 s vs 109.1 ± 12.3 s, respectively; P < 0.0001). Cortisol concentration was greater with EE than TUMASG (25.9 ± 1.2 vs 22.0 ± 1.2 nmol/L, respectively; P = 0.04). Concentration of creatine kinase, total protein, albumin and globulin increased similarly after both procedures (general means before: 78.4 ± 10.4 U/L; 88.8 ± 1.6 g/L; 26.5 ± 1.2 g/L; 61.9 ± 1.7 g/L; respectively; after: 82.9 ± 10.3 U/L; 92.3 ± 1.6 g/L; 28.1 ± 1.2 g/L; 63.5 ± 1.7 g/L; respectively). Glycaemia (general mean: 71.5 ± 1.6 mg/dL) and WBC (general mean: 8.9 ± 0.8 109 /L) were not affected by the procedures. None of the sperm parameters were affected by TUMASG or EE. We concluded that although TUMASG took more time than EE, the former is less stressful, as it induced lower secretion of cortisol and needed less electric pulses than EE. In summary, TUMASG did not affect the sperm characteristic and provoked less negative effects on animal welfare than EE, thus it could be used to collect semen in non-anaesthetised small ruminants.
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oxytocin administration before sperm collection by transrectal ultrasonic guided massage of the Accessory Sex Glands in mouflons and bucks
Animal Reproduction Science, 2016Co-Authors: Rodolfo Ungerfeld, C Castano, A Toledanodiaz, Julia Giriboni, S Abrilsanchez, Florencia Beracochea, J SantiagomorenoAbstract:Transrectal ultrasonic-guided massage of the Accessory Sex Glands (TUMASG) is an alternative technique for sperm collection which decreases negative animal welfare concerns of electroejaculation. However, quality of collected sperm with TUMASG is less than that collected by electroejaculation. Utilisation of TUMASG may not, however, induce strong muscular contractions, so administration of oxytocin before the procedure may improve sperm quality. Therefore, two studies were designed to determine if administration of oxytocin before TUMASG improves the procedure and quality of the collected semen. The first study was performed with anaesthetised mouflons, and the second with non-anaesthetised Gabon bucks. Time length, number of electric pulses applied and numbers of vocalizations were recorded, and sperm characteristics were analysed. The number of electrical pulses and sperm characteristics did not differ with oxytocin administration in mouflons. However, oxytocin administration decreased time length (P=0.02) and tended to decrease the number of electric pulses needed for induction of ejaculation (P=0.08) in bucks. The number of vocalizations and sperm variables did not differ when the two procedures were used. In conclusion, oxytocin administration before TUMASG shortened the procedure and tended to decrease the number of electrical pulses needed to induce ejaculation in conscious bucks, thus, decreasing welfare concerns for the animals in which TUMASG is used. Therefore, its routine inclusion in this species should be considered.
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physiological responses and characteristics of sperm collected after electroejaculation or transrectal ultrasound guided massage of the Accessory Sex Glands in anesthetized mouflons ovis musimon and iberian ibexes capra pyrenaica
Theriogenology, 2015Co-Authors: Rodolfo Ungerfeld, C Castano, A Toledanodiaz, M C Esteso, A Lopezsebastian, J Pradiee, Beatriz Labrador, J SantiagomorenoAbstract:The objective was to characterize the stress response and the seminal parameters obtained with electroejaculation (EE) or transrectal ultrasound-guided massage of the Accessory Sex Glands (TUMASG) in two captive but nondomestic ruminants, the mouflons and the Iberian ibex under general anesthesia. In mouflons, the physiological responses (heart and respiratory rate, rectal temperature, cortisol, creatine kinase, potassium and glucose concentrations) changed similarly with both procedures. The TUMASG procedure was faster than EE in mouflons (21.7 ± 1.4 vs. 12.4 ± 1.2 minutes, P < 0.01). In ibexes, respiratory rate, cortisol and creatine kinase concentration changes were greater with EE than with TUMASG (final respiratory rate: 62.7 ± 5.5 vs. 38.1 ± 5.6 breaths/min [P < 0.05]; final cortisol: 51.4 ± 5.1 vs. 25.3 ± 5.6 ng/mL [P < 0.001]; and final creatine kinase: 300.9 ± 99.9 vs. 87.1 ± 16.9 U/L [P < 0.001]). Electroejaculation provided better results in some sperm parameters (mouflons: sperm score: 3.4 ± 0.3 vs. 2.6 ± 0.2 [P < 0.01]; total number of sperm ejaculated: 982.4 ± 299 vs. 710.0 ± 542.2 [P < 0.05]; ibexes: sperm with progressive motility: 47.7 ± 6.2 vs. 20.5 ± 8.3 [P < 0.05]). The transrectal ultrasound-guided massage of the Accessory Sex Glands appears to be an alternative technique to collect sperm from wild ruminants, reducing the need for electrical stimuli and thus decreasing the undesired responses of EE in the more sensitive species. On the other hand, better fresh sperm may be collected with EE. However, TUMASG provides practical advantages in animal welfare, firstly in these wild species more sensible to stress management and capture myopathy.
J.a. Weber - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ultrasonographic measurement of stallion Accessory Sex Glands and excurrent ducts during seminal emission and ejaculation
Biology of Reproduction, 1993Co-Authors: J.a. Weber, G.l. WoodsAbstract:Accessory Sex gland and excurrent duct activity of 10 stallions was visualized with transrectal ultrasonography during seminal emission and ejaculation. First and last penile urethral contractions were defined as the start (0 sec) and end of ejaculation, respectively. Duration of ejaculation (n = 63 ejaculations) averaged 6.15 - 2.98 sec. Penile urethral contractions occurred an average of 6.2 2.2 times per ejaculation. Right bulbourethral Glands (n = 19 ejaculations) alternated repeatedly from ovoid to flattened, irregular shapes during ejaculation. Cross-sectional area of right bulbourethral Glands did not change (p > 0.40) between 3 sec before ejaculation and the end of ejaculation. Cross-sectional area of right prostatic lobes (n = 17 ejaculations) decreased (p < 0.01) between 3 sec before ejaculation and the end of ejaculation, with decreases (p < 0.05) at 2, 1, and 0 sec before ejaculation and at the time of the second penile urethral contraction. Excurrent ducts of ampullae (n = 17 ejaculations) first appeared to dilate with fluid at 2.60 0.23 sec before ejaculation and subsequently dilated an average of 3.4 ± 0.3 times between 3 sec before ejaculation and the end of ejaculation. Fifty-three of 58 (93%) ampullar duct dilations occurred prior to the start of ejaculation. During each dilation of ampullar ducts, fluid remained visible for 0.23 ± 0.04 sec. Fluid was detected within the lumina of vesicular gland excurrent ducts during the 6 of 17 monitored ejaculations that produced detectable gel. First and last dilations of vesicular gland ducts began at 1.31 0.58 and 5.12 + 0.96 sec, respectively, and a total of 4.3 0.7 dilations occurred between 3 sec before ejaculation and the end of ejaculation. During each dilation of vesicular gland ducts, fluid remained visible for 0.73 ± 0.21 sec.
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Transrectal ultrasonography for the evaluation of stallion Accessory Sex Glands.
The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice, 1992Co-Authors: J.a. Weber, Gordon L. WoodsAbstract:This article reviews the capabilities of transrectal ultrasonography for determining the distribution of fluid and tissue within stallion Accessory Sex Glands. Emphasis is placed on describing the normal ultrasonographic appearance of the Accessory Sex Glands, excurrent ducts, and pelvic urethra of stallions during rest, after teasing, and after ejaculation and using this information to detect glandular abnormalities.
P H Chow - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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innervation of Accessory Sex Glands in the adult male golden hamster and quantitative changes of nerve densities with age
Andrologia, 2009Co-Authors: P H Chow, Peter Dockery, A CheungAbstract:Enzyme histochemistry and immunohistochemistry were used to determine the types of nerves supplying the ampullary gland, coagulating gland, dorsolateral prostate, ventral prostate and seminal vesicle of the male golden hamster. Quantitative change of dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DbetaH), and neuropeptide Y (NPY) immunoreactive and acetylcholinesterase-stained (AChE-stained) nerves with age was also determined. Using an antibody against protein gene product 9.5, nerves were seen to distribute in subepithelial connective tissues, smooth muscles and adventitial connective tissues. Presumptive catecholaminergic nerves immunoreactive for DbetaH and tyrosine hydroxylase were found mainly in periacinar smooth muscles, while AChE-stained nerves predominantly ramified subepithelial connective tissues. In addition, nerves immunoreactive to NPY, calcitonin gene-related peptide, leu-enkephalin, galanin, substance P, and vasoactive intestinal peptide were also detected. Quantitative estimation at 10, 52 and 78 weeks of age showed that densities of DbetaH and NPY nerves were halved by 52 weeks of age. This level was maintained in older animals. The density of AChE-stained nerves in all Glands did not change with age. The ampullary gland appeared to have more AChE-stained nerves. These results were discussed from a comparative viewpoint and with regard to possible implications of aging of peripheral nerves on functioning of the male Accessory Sex Glands.
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ablation of paternal Accessory Sex Glands imparts physical and behavioural abnormalities to the progeny an in vivo study in the golden hamster
Theriogenology, 2007Co-Authors: C L Wong, K H Lee, O C Chan, William B Goggins, P H ChowAbstract:The functional significance of male Accessory Sex Glands (ASG) remains unclear. This study explored their importance in reproduction. In previous investigations, embryos sired by males with ASG either totally or partially removed had a shift in the cell cycle and delayed cleavage during preimplantation development, higher incidence of apoptosis, early oviductal-uterine transit, higher proportion of embryo degeneration, lower implantation rate, and ultimately reduced fertility and fecundity. Some pups were born alive; but would they be normal? We hypothesized that the first generation offspring (F1) could also bear undesirable traits. To test our hypothesis, we raised and studied these F1 pups from birth to 8 weeks. We monitored physical growth and assessed behaviour such as nest patch odor preference, acoustic startle response (ASR) and exploratory activity. We detected deviations from the norm in physical growth, a premature cessation of nest patch odor preferences, accelerated acoustic startle habituation and more frequent rearing when exposed to a novel environment. In terms of structure, we found one incidence of diphallus with duplicated urethra. We concluded that sperm lacking contact with ASG secretions gave rise to progeny with abnormal traits.
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ablation of paternal Accessory Sex Glands is detrimental to embryo development during implantation
Anatomy and Embryology, 2001Co-Authors: H Y Jiang, K H Lee, P L Tang, P H ChowAbstract:The Accessory Sex Glands are present in most mammals, but their function(s) have not yet been clearly defined. In the golden hamster, removal of all the Glands or the ventral prostate alone have been shown to considerably reduce fertility, while the effect is milder if the ampullary Glands only are removed. In this study, embryo development from the 5th to the 7th day after mating are examined. Structural and morphometric criteria such as cell number, cell density, embryo volume, volume fraction of proamniotic cavity further revealed that abnormalities can be demonstrated as early as day 5 in the embryos sired by males with the ventral prostate gland alone or all Glands ablated. Twin implantation and deviation from normal implanted axis are also observed. This is likely to be attributed to attenuated cell proliferation, as indicated by proliferating cell antigen labelling and more necrotic cell death. Taken together, exposure of sperm to secretions of the male Accessory Sex Glands in particular, the ventral prostate, is important for differentiation and multiplication of cells after the embryo has implanted.
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Effects of male Accessory Sex Glands on sperm decondensation and oocyte activation during in vivo fertilization in golden hamsters
'Wiley', 1999Co-Authors: Cheung Mpl, P H Chow, Ws O, Ying YAbstract:Removal of paternal male Accessory Sex Glands (ASG) could cause a delay in DNA synthesis in hamster zygotes fertilized in vivo. In view of the fact that this process is closely related to pronuclear development which, in part, depends on sperm nuclear decondensation and oocyte activation during fertilization, we carried out a series of experiments were undertaken to determine whether ASG also has an effect on these early events. (1) Oocytes were collected from females mated with SH (sham-operated control), AGX (bilateral excision of ampullary Glands), VPX (bilateral excision of ventral prostates) or TX (excision of all ASG) males (n = 8 per group) at 4, 5 and 6 post coitus. (2) Epididymal spermatozoa were incubated with total ventral prostate (VP) secretion to study its effect on dithiothreitol-induced sperm decondensation. (3) Histone H1 kinase activity in oocytes collected as described in (1) was determined. (4) Exocytosed cortical granules on oocytes were labelled with FITC-LCA and quantified by a Metamorph Imaging System. Results showed that sperm decondensation and resumption of meiosis in oocytes in VPX and TX groups were significantly slower compared with SH. VP secretion augmented sperm decondensation in vitro. At 4 hr post coitus, the relative activity of histone H1 kinase in the TX and VPX groups was significantly higher than that in the SH group (p < 0.01). Cortical granule exocytosis in the AGX groups was consistently weaker at all time points studied and was significantly lower than that of the control at 4 hr post coitus (p < 0.05), while the percentage of polyspermic fertilization in the AGX group was significantly higher compared with that in the SH group (p < 0.05). Taken together, these results show that the lack of exposure of spermatozoa to secretions of the ASG does not jeopardize their ability to penetrate ova, although other aspects of their function in the early stages of gamete interaction and subsequent initiation of embryonic development are affected.link_to_subscribed_fulltex
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effects of male Accessory Sex Glands on deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in the first cell cycle of golden hamster embryos
Biology of Reproduction, 1998Co-Authors: Ying Ying, P H ChowAbstract:To study the paternal effect, particularly of Accessory Sex gland secretions, on DNA synthesis in golden hamster zygotes, the Glands were surgically removed from golden hamsters resulting in 4 groups: SH, sham-operated; AGX, bilateral excision of ampullary Glands; VPX, bilateral excision of ventral prostates; and TX, excision of all Accessory Sex Glands. Each female was mated with one male and killed at 6, 8, 10, or 12 h postcoitus (p.c.). Embryos were collected, and zygotes in S-phase were identified by immunocytochemical techniques after pulse-labeling with 50 M 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-monophosphate (BrdU) in Tyrode's albumin lactate pyruvate medium for 30 min. In another experiment, embryos at 6 h p.c. were incubated in 50 M BrdU for 6 h. Presumptive zygotes were stained with propidium iodide to visualize pronuclei. The BrdU pulse-labeling results showed that the percentages of embryos with 1 or 2 pronuclei in S-phase at 8 h p.c. in VPX (44.3 10.4) and TX (41.6 ± 10.6) groups were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than that in the SH group (69.0 5.5). In the AGX group, although the percentage of embryos with 1 or 2 pronuclei in S-phase was not significantly different from that of the SH group, the percentage of 8-h embryos with 2 pronuclei in S-phase was 51.6 ± 2.8, significantly lower than in the SH control (68.1 ± 6.0, p < 0.05). When the embryos were labeled with BrdU for 6 h, the percentages of embryos with 1 or 2 pronuclei in S-phase were not different among the 4 groups. However, the percentage of embryos showing 2 pronuclei in S-phase was significantly lower in the AGX group (78.4 ± 6.7) than in the SH group (91.8 ± 2.9, p < 0.05). These results suggest that Accessory Sex Glands can affect DNA synthesis in hamster zygotes and that the mechanisms by which ampullary gland and ventral prostrate secretions affect the first cell cycle are probably different. A significantly higher incidence (p < 0.001) of polyspermy was observed in embryos sired by males without ampullary Glands (5.2 ± 1.0%) compared with those sired by the SH group (0.8 ± 0.3%).
M. E. F. Oliveira - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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152 correlation between testicular and Accessory Sex Glands biometric characteristics in nellore and caracu bulls
Reproduction Fertility and Development, 2019Co-Authors: N N Rodrigues, W. R. R. Vicente, Dayane Priscila Vrisman, G F Rossi, A P Freitas, M F Zorzetto, L L Souza, Augusto Ryonosuke Taira, Fabio Morato Monteiro, M. E. F. OliveiraAbstract:The objective of this study was to determine the correlation between testicular and Accessory Sex gland measurements in Nellore (Bos taurus indicus) and Caracu (Bos taurus taurus) bulls. Bulls (n = 282, including 203 Nellore from 12 to 61 months and 79 Caracu from 12 to 48 months) had their reproductive organs measured. Scrotal circumference was measured with a tape. Length (dorso-ventral) and diameter (mid-lateral) of testes were measured using a graduated ruler. Testicular volume (V) was calculated by the cylinder formula: V = 2[(R2) × π × L], where R = radius (diameter/2), L = testicular length and π = 3.14 (Fields et al. 1979 J. Anim. Sci. 48, 1299-1304). B-mode ultrasonographic examinations with a 7.5-MHz transrectal linear-array transducer were performed to obtain the mean of 3 vertical dimensions of the vesicular Glands, disseminated prostate, ampulla of vas deferens, and lumen of ampulla, and cranio-caudal and dorso-ventral dimensions of the prostate body and bulbourethral Glands. For paired organs, the mean was calculated and used in analyses. Biometry data of testes and Accessory Sex Glands were analysed by the PROC CORR (Pearson correlation) of the SAS program (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA; P < 0.05). Testicular measurements (scrotal circumference, diameter and length) were positively correlated with each other (r = 0.69 to 0.92). Similarly, biometrics of the Accessory Sex Glands had positive correlations with testes. The vesicular Glands had correlations of r = 0.62, 0.43, 0.58 and 0.59 with testes length, diameter, and volume and scrotal circumference, respectively. Correlations testicular biometry characteristics and ampulla of vas deferens ranged from 0.52 to 0.68, whereas those between testicular characteristics and lumen of ampulla were much lower (r = 0.28 to 0.37), perhaps due to bulls riding penmates and ejaculating before the ultrasonographic examination. The dorso-ventral measure of the prostate body had positive correlations with size of testes (r = 0.13 to 0.28), whereas cranio-caudal measurement of this gland was not correlated with size of testes. Finally, there were positive correlations between testes and disseminated prostate (0.28 to 0.36), and testes and bulbourethral Glands, both in the dorso-ventral and cranio-caudal dimensions (0.17 to 0.42). In conclusion, testicular biometry in bulls was correlated with measurements of Accessory Sex Glands, perhaps due to testosterone synthesis, which is essential for Accessory Sex gland development.
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Ultrasonographic characteristics of Accessory Sex Glands and spectral Doppler indices of the internal iliac arteries in peri- and post-pubertal Dorper rams raised in a subtropical climate
Animal reproduction science, 2017Co-Authors: E. S. C. Camela, R. P. Nociti, V. J. C. Santos, Beatrice Ingrid Macente, G. S. Maciel, Marcus Antônio Rossi Feliciano, W. R. R. Vicente, I. Gill, Pawel M. Bartlewski, M. E. F. OliveiraAbstract:Abstract The aim of the present study was to determine and compare ultrasonographic characteristics of Accessory Sex Glands and spectral Doppler indices of the internal iliac arteries in peri- and post-pubertal rams raised in a subtropical climate. Forty-five Dorper rams were examined (24 rams aged 8–11 months and 21 rams aged 12–24 months). Digital images of all Accessory Sex Glands were subjected to morphometric and echotextural analyses, the latter using commercially available image analytical software Image ProPlus®. Physical and morphological characteristics of semen and serum concentrations of testosterone were also determined. The dimensions of the prostate gland (12.9 ± 1.2 compared with 14.2 ± 2.7 mm; mean ± standard deviation) and bulbourethral Glands (13.7 ± 1.3 compared with 14.7 ± 1.8 mm) were greater (P = 0.04) in Sexually mature compared with peri-pubertal rams. Pixel intensity of vesicular (181.5 ± 20.8 compared with 164.8 ± 26.8, P = 0.02) and bulbourethral gland parenchyma (166.9 ± 16.9 compared with 141.8 ± 29.1, P = 0.001) was greater in peri-pubertal compared with Sexually mature rams. Semen could be collected by ejaculation into the artificial vagina from 38% (8/21) of post-pubertal rams and 21% (5/24) of peri-pubertal animals (P = 0.03). Semen volume was positively correlated with peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end-diastolic velocity (EDV) in the internal iliac arteries (r = 0.79, P = 0.001 and r = 0.67, P = 0.01, respectively), while spermatic vigor and progressive motility were inversely related to circulating concentrations of testosterone (r = −0.69, P = 0.009 and r = −0.61, P = 0.03, respectively). In summary, the attainment of Sexual maturity in the rams of the present study was associated with an enlargement of the prostate and bulbourethral Glands, and with the shift in echotextural attributes of vesicular and bulbourethral Glands. Circulating testosterone concentrations and Doppler blood flow indices of the ram’s internal iliac arteries are significant predictors of sperm progressive motility, vigor and the amount of ejaculate.
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186 quantitative echogenicity and echotexture analysis of the Accessory Sex Glands of pubertal and mature dorper rams
Reproduction Fertility and Development, 2016Co-Authors: E. S. C. Camela, R. P. Nociti, V. J. C. Santos, Beatrice Ingrid Macente, G. S. Maciel, W. R. R. Vicente, Pawel M. Bartlewski, M A R Feliciano, M. E. F. OliveiraAbstract:This study aimed to analyse the ultrasonographic attributes of vesicular, prostate, and bulbourethral Glands in pubertal and mature Dorper rams. Forty-five rams were used in the same day (pubertal: 8–11 months, n = 24; mature: ≥12 months, n = 21). The B-mode ultrasounds examinations were performed using MyLab 30Vet equipment (Esaote, Naples, Italy) connected to transrectal linear transducer (frequency of 7.5 MHz). The echogenicity [(mean numerical pixel values (NPV)] and pixel heterogeneity (standard deviation of NPV) of Accessory Sex Glands parenchymas was determined by computerised image analysis using Image ProPlus® software (Media Cybernetics Inc., Rockville, MD, USA). For the pairs organs a mean for each parameter were calculated. Data were analysed by ANOVA with Tukey test (mean ± s.d.; P 0.05) for prostate Glands (99.39 ± 36.34 v. 87.47 ± 34.24). The pixel heterogeneity did not differ (P > 0.05) between pubertal and mature rams (29.06 ± 2.67 v. 28.09 ± 3.95, 32.14 ± 8.20 v. 30.28 ± 4.71, and 27.82 ± 4.53 v. 28.74 ± 4.29) for vesicular, prostate, and bulbourethral Glands, respectively. In conclusion, the Sexual maturity only influenced the echogenicity of vesicular and bulbourethral parenchymas of Dorper rams.
