Ailuropoda

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Valéry Zeitoun - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Dating, stratigraphy and taphonomy of the Pleistocene site of Ban Fa Suai II (Northern Thailand): Contributions to the study of paleobiodiversity in Southeast Asia
    Annales de Paléontologie, 2019
    Co-Authors: Valéry Zeitoun, Jeroen Thompson, Winayalai Chinnawut, Régis Debruyne, Stéphane Frère, Lenoble Arnaud, Corentin Bochaton, Kevin Burdette, Jean-baptiste Mallye, Pierre-olivier Antoine
    Abstract:

    Since the initial description of the complex Ailuropoda-Stegodon as a faunal association with biochronological significance for the Southeast Asian area, few sites have provided paleontological data allowing for an extensive documentation of past fauna. Biodiversity and paleo-environmental reconstructions of Pleistocene fauna are still generally based on bone assemblages whose taphonomy and dating are not or badly documented. However, in order to be useful in a paleo-eclogical perspective, the dating of collected assemblages should be associated with periods of times corresponding to climatic episodes. In this study, we provide a detailed stratigraphic, taphonomical, paleontological and ESR dating studies concerning the site of Ban Fa Suai II discovered near the cave of the Monk in northern Thailand. Our results demonstrate the changes in the taxonomic composition of the fauna over time and argue against the use of the currently available regional dataset for paleo-ecological reonstructions.

  • A sustainable review of the Middle Pleistocene benchmark sites including the Ailuropoda–Stegodon faunal complex: The Proboscidean point of view
    Quaternary International, 2016
    Co-Authors: Valéry Zeitoun, Winayalai Chinnawut, Régis Debruyne, Stéphane Frère, Prasit Auetrakulvit
    Abstract:

    The different ecologies, times of extinction and 'last stand' of both Elephas and Stegodon in Southeast Asia is covering almost two million years. For Middle Pleistocene, both taxa belong to the complex Ailuropoda-Stegodon. This regional complex is considered to have a chronological significance and further palaeoecological, palaeobiogeographical or biochronological studies are using this assemblage as a benchmark. Nevertheless, such studies do not provide sufficient information regarding site formation and duration to be consistent enough to do so at an appropriate resolution (MIS timescale). Focussing attention on the occurrence of Proboscideans, a critical review of the robustness of the geological, taphonomical and chronological data of Middle Pleistocene faunal assemblages suggests to undertake a deep reappraisal of this "biochronological benchmark". Recomandations were provided in the 1980s not to use mixtures of faunal assemblages and progress in geochronology for two decades are available. Nevertheless, reviewing Proboscideans suggests the necessity of a severe revision and leads to be very sceptical on the use of the Ailuropoda-Stegodon complex as an ecological marker. Extended to other taxa such a review casts serious doubts on former and current paleoecological modellings and studies.

  • A sustainable review of the Middle Pleistocene benchmark sites including the Ailuropoda-Stegodon faunal complex: The Proboscidean point of view
    Quaternary International, 2016
    Co-Authors: Valéry Zeitoun, Winayalai Chinnawut, Régis Debruyne, Stéphane Frère, Prasit Auetrakulvit
    Abstract:

    Abstract The different ecologies, times of extinction and ‘last stand’ of both Elephas and Stegodon in South-east Asia cover almost two million years. In the Middle Pleistocene, both taxa belong to the complex Ailuropoda–Stegodon. This regional complex is considered to have a chronological significance, and further palaeoecological, palaeobiogeographical or biochronological studies use this assemblage as a benchmark. Nevertheless, such studies do not provide sufficient information regarding site formation and duration to be consistent enough to do so at an appropriate resolution (MIS timescale). Focussing attention on the occurrence of Proboscideans, a critical review of the robustness of the geological, taphonomical and chronological data of Middle Pleistocene faunal assemblages suggests the necessity to undertake a deep reappraisal of this “biochronological benchmark”. Recommendations were provided in the 1980s not to use mixtures of faunal assemblages, and progress in geochronology for two decades is available. Nevertheless, a review of Proboscideans suggests the necessity of a severe revision, leading to scepticism concerning the use of the Ailuropoda–Stegodon complex as an ecological marker. Extended to other taxa, this review casts serious doubts on former and current paleoecological modellings and studies.

  • Taphonomy and paleoecological significance of the Ailuropoda-Stegodon complex of Ban Fa Suai (Northern Thailand).
    2006
    Co-Authors: Valéry Zeitoun, Arnaud Lenoble, Frédéric Laudet, Jeroen Thompson, William Jack Rink, Tasana Doyasa
    Abstract:

    Since the description of the complex Ailuropoda-Stegodon as a faunistic association with chronological signification for South-East Asian area, no consideration was done to evaluate the melting of faunas pointed out by De Vos. The taphonomical study of the cave of the Monk (Ban Fa Suai, Northern Thailand) brings evidence of sequential deposits with ecological significance.

  • Natural processes involved in the formation of Pleistocene bone assemblages in continental South-East Asian caves : the case of the cave of the monk (Chiang Dao Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand).
    2006
    Co-Authors: Arnaud Lenoble, Valéry Zeitoun, Frédéric Laudet, Arnoult Seveau, Tasana Doyasa
    Abstract:

    A large paleontological assemblage typical of Ailuropoda-Stegodon fauna was discovered in the Cave of the Monk, in northern Thailand. Geological and taphonomic approaches were conducted in order to determine site formation processes. A sedimentological study indicated that the fossiliferous layer resulted from mediumsize burrowing animals occupying the cave. Bone surface analysis confirmed that Porcupine was the main, if not exclusive, bone accumulator. A bone accumulation rate was calculated. The assemblage appears to have formed over an average period of one to several tens of thousand of years. This time frame means that the assemblage can not be considered as a homogeneous reference for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction as may have been assumed without the present analysis.

Xueshi Huang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • cytotoxic fusicoccane type diterpenoids from streptomyces violascens isolated from Ailuropoda melanoleuca feces
    Journal of Natural Products, 2017
    Co-Authors: Dan Zheng, Jialiang Zhong, Chenglin Jiang, Xiaoxu Bi, Xiaodan Qu, Xiu Chen, Yi Jiang, Xueshi Huang
    Abstract:

    Six new fusicoccane-type diterpenoids (2–7) were isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces violascens, which was isolated from Ailuropoda melanoleuca (giant panda) feces. The structures of these new compounds were elucidated by a detailed spectroscopic data and X-ray crystallographic analysis. Compounds 5–7 demonstrated cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 3.5 ± 0.7 to 14.1 ± 0.8 μM. Cell adhesion, migration, and invasion assays showed that 6 inhibited the migration and invasion of human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC7721 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Through further investigation, it was revealed that 6 inhibited the enzymatic activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), in addition to down-regulating the expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 at both the protein and mRNA levels to influence the migration and invasion of cancer cells.

  • Cytotoxic Fusicoccane-Type Diterpenoids from Streptomyces violascens Isolated from Ailuropoda melanoleuca Feces
    2017
    Co-Authors: Dan Zheng, Jialiang Zhong, Chenglin Jiang, Xiu Chen, Yi Jiang, Li Han, Jiang Liu, Xueshi Huang
    Abstract:

    Six new fusicoccane-type diterpenoids (2–7) were isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces violascens, which was isolated from Ailuropoda melanoleuca (giant panda) feces. The structures of these new compounds were elucidated by a detailed spectroscopic data and X-ray crystallographic analysis. Compounds 5–7 demonstrated cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 3.5 ± 0.7 to 14.1 ± 0.8 μM. Cell adhesion, migration, and invasion assays showed that 6 inhibited the migration and invasion of human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC7721 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Through further investigation, it was revealed that 6 inhibited the enzymatic activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), in addition to down-regulating the expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 at both the protein and mRNA levels to influence the migration and invasion of cancer cells

  • structure elucidation of four prenylindole derivatives from streptomyces sp isolated from Ailuropoda melanoleuca feces
    Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry, 2013
    Co-Authors: Dan Zheng, Yiqing Li, Xiu Chen, Yi Jiang, Xueshi Huang
    Abstract:

    Four new prenylindole derivatives, (R)-6-(2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutyl)indole (1), (R)-6-(2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutyl)indolin-2-one (2), and an unseparated mixture of (Z)-6-(4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)indolin-2-one (3a) and (E)-6-(4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)indolin-2-one (3b) with a ratio of 3 : 2, were isolated from the culture broth of a streptomycete isolated from Ailuropoda melanoleuca feces. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by Mosher's method. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Chi-hsiang Huang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Transesophageal Echocardiography Examination in Ailuropoda melanoleuca.
    Asian Journal of Anesthesiology, 2019
    Co-Authors: Yi-chia Wang, Man-ling Wang, Pao-jung Wang, Chi-hsiang Huang
    Abstract:

    Objective: Cardiac function analysis for Ailuropoda melanoleuca, also called giant panda, with transthoracic echocardiography has several limitations, such as limited probe position area and poor echo window. We want to determine the feasibility of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) for cardiac examination in Ailuropoda melanoleuca. Methods: Eight-year-old male Ailuropoda melanoleuca was anesthetized by intramuscular ketamine and followed by inhalation isoflurane with spontaneous respiration. TEE probe was inserted through mouth. Comprehensive examinations were done by two-dimensional (2D), Doppler method, 3D zoom, and 3D full volume mode for their cardiac evaluation. Results: The structure of heart was similar to human. We found mild mitral regurgitation. Right ventricle and pulmonary artery were free of any organic lesions. We did comprehensive multiplane examination by American Society of Echocardiography/Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesia guideline, but transgastric (TG) and deep TG view were not approachable. 3D reconstruction offered high quality image and quantitative calculations. Complete examinations took less than 30 min. There was no significant hemodynamic change during probe insertion, and no oropharyngeal trauma certified by dentist. Conclusion: TEE is a reasonable semi-invasive tool for cardiac function evaluation. Though some anatomical limitations prohibited comprehensive 2D views, improvements such as 3D images help to give detailed cardiac examination.

  • Transesophageal Echocardiography Examination in Ailuropoda melanoleuca.
    Asian journal of anesthesiology, 2019
    Co-Authors: Yi-chia Wang, Man-ling Wang, Pao-jung Wang, Jun-cheng Guo, Yen-hsu Lai, Wei-zen Sun, Chi-hsiang Huang
    Abstract:

    Objective Cardiac function analysis for Ailuropoda melanoleuca, also called giant panda, with transthoracic echocardiography has several limitations, such as limited probe position area and poor echo window. We want to determine the feasibility of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) for cardiac examination in Ailuropoda melanoleuca. Methods Eight-year-old male Ailuropoda melanoleuca was anesthetized by intramuscular ketamine and followed by inhalation isofl urane with spontaneous respiration. TEE probe was inserted through mouth. Comprehensive examinations were done by two-dimensional (2D), Doppler method, 3D zoom and 3D full volume mode for their cardiac evaluation. Results The structure of heart was similar to human. We found mild mitral regurgitation. Right ventricle and pulmonary artery were free of any organic lesions. We did comprehensive multiplane examination by American Society of Echocardiography/Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesia guideline, but transgastric (TG) and deep TG view were not approachable. 3D reconstruction offered high quality image and quantitative calculations. Complete examinations took less than 30 minutes. There was no significant hemodynamic change during probe insertion, and no oropharyngeal trauma certifi ed by dentist. Conclusions TEE is a reasonable semi-invasive tool for cardiac function evaluation. Though some anatomical limitations prohibited comprehensive 2D views, improvements such as 3D images help to give detailed cardiac examination.

Zhihe Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Identification of canine parvovirus with the Q370R point mutation in the VP2 gene from a giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca).
    Virology journal, 2013
    Co-Authors: Ling Guo, Shaolin Yang, Chengdong Wang, Zhihe Zhang, Chen Shijie, Rong Hou, Yupeng Ren, Xintian Wen, Sanjie Cao, Wanzhu Guo
    Abstract:

    In this study, we sequenced and phylogenetic analyses of the VP2 genes from twelve canine parvovirus (CPV) strains obtained from eleven domestic dogs and a giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) in China. A novel canine parvovirus (CPV) was detected from the giant panda in China. Nucleotide and phylogenetic analysis of the capsid protein VP2 gene classified the CPV as a new CPV-2a type. Substitution of Gln for Arg at the conserved 370 residue in CPV presents an unusual variation in the new CPV-2a amino acid sequence of the giant panda and is further evidence for the continuing evolution of the virus. These findings extend the knowledge on CPV molecular epidemiology of particular relevance to wild carnivores.

  • identification of canine parvovirus with the q370r point mutation in the vp2 gene from a giant panda Ailuropoda melanoleuca
    Virology Journal, 2013
    Co-Authors: Shaolin Yang, Shijie Chen, Zifang Quan, Chengdong Wang, Zhihe Zhang, Manli Zhang
    Abstract:

    Background In this study, we sequenced and phylogenetic analyses of the VP2 genes from twelve canine parvovirus (CPV) strains obtained from eleven domestic dogs and a giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) in China. A novel canine parvovirus (CPV) was detected from the giant panda in China.

  • characterization and expression of Ailuropoda melanoleuca leptin ob gene
    Zoological Science, 2010
    Co-Authors: Qinggang Xu, Jianxin Shou, Zhihe Zhang, Xinming Zhang, Hongwu Bian
    Abstract:

    Leptin, an adipocyte-derived hormone, plays important roles in metabolism and reproduction. In this article, we report the cloning, expression, and identification of the giant panda leptin (gLeptin) gene and its variants. The gLeptin cDNA was 504 bp long, encoding a precursor peptide of 167 amino acids including 21 residues of signal peptide. A short variant of gLeptin was 501 bp long, encoding a 166-aa peptide and also including a 21-aa signal peptide. Giant panda leptin was 99.4%, 94.6%, and 92.8% identical to that of black bear, dog, and cat, respectively, but was only 81.4% and 80.8% identical to that of human and rat. The cloned gLeptin gene was expressed in Escherichia coli, with expression confirmed by Western blotting and MALDI-TOF-TOF MS PMF. After purification, renaturation, and condensation, the gLeptin protein was injected into Kunming mice. The recombinant gLeptin significantly inhibited food intake by 41.8% and reduced body weight by 5.1% in the mice.

  • high level secretory expression purification and characterization of Ailuropoda melanoleuca growth hormone in pichia pastoris
    Protein Expression and Purification, 2008
    Co-Authors: Qinggang Xu, Ming-juan Liao, Xuechang Wu, Kim Hyok Il, Jianxin Shou, Hongwu Bian, Zhihe Zhang
    Abstract:

    Abstract Growth hormone is one of the most important hormones, which is involved in many reproductive processes of giant panda Ailuropoda melanoleuca . In this study, the mature peptide of A. melanoleuca growth hormone (AmGH) was successfully expressed and secreted in Pichia pastoris under the control of AOX1 promoter. The expression condition for AmGH in P. pastoris , such as the expression time, pH value and methanol concentration in the BMMY were optimized and the AmGH expression level is about 100 mg/L using GS115 recombinant under optimized condition (96 h of 1.5% methanol induction). The secreted nascent AmGH were purified using ammonium sulfate fractionation. The mature AmGH protein exhibited a molecular mass of approximately 22 kDa on SDS–PAGE. This study would provide a new opportunity for large-scale expression and purification of AmGH, which might facilitate studies on the biological activity of AmGH.

  • a reliable non invasive pcr method for giant panda Ailuropoda melanoleuca sex identification
    Conservation Genetics, 2008
    Co-Authors: Xiao Xu, Fujun Shen, Zhihe Zhang, L. Zhang
    Abstract:

    We developed an inexpensive, fast and reliable PCR method for sex identification of giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) by using one pair of primers to co-amplify homologous fragments with size polymorphism that located at amelogenin (AMEL) exon 5. In giant panda, a 63 bp deletion in exon 5 of Y-linked allele provides a significant discrimination between AMELX and AMELY, thus the amplification products can be distinguished simply by agarose gel electrophoresis, exhibiting sex-specific banding patterns (male: 237 bp, 174 bp; female: 237 bp). Both blood and feces samples from known-sex giant pandas were successfully amplified. Cross species test also revealed that this method could be applied to other Ursidae species.

Dan Zheng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • cytotoxic fusicoccane type diterpenoids from streptomyces violascens isolated from Ailuropoda melanoleuca feces
    Journal of Natural Products, 2017
    Co-Authors: Dan Zheng, Jialiang Zhong, Chenglin Jiang, Xiaoxu Bi, Xiaodan Qu, Xiu Chen, Yi Jiang, Xueshi Huang
    Abstract:

    Six new fusicoccane-type diterpenoids (2–7) were isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces violascens, which was isolated from Ailuropoda melanoleuca (giant panda) feces. The structures of these new compounds were elucidated by a detailed spectroscopic data and X-ray crystallographic analysis. Compounds 5–7 demonstrated cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 3.5 ± 0.7 to 14.1 ± 0.8 μM. Cell adhesion, migration, and invasion assays showed that 6 inhibited the migration and invasion of human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC7721 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Through further investigation, it was revealed that 6 inhibited the enzymatic activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), in addition to down-regulating the expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 at both the protein and mRNA levels to influence the migration and invasion of cancer cells.

  • Cytotoxic Fusicoccane-Type Diterpenoids from Streptomyces violascens Isolated from Ailuropoda melanoleuca Feces
    2017
    Co-Authors: Dan Zheng, Jialiang Zhong, Chenglin Jiang, Xiu Chen, Yi Jiang, Li Han, Jiang Liu, Xueshi Huang
    Abstract:

    Six new fusicoccane-type diterpenoids (2–7) were isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces violascens, which was isolated from Ailuropoda melanoleuca (giant panda) feces. The structures of these new compounds were elucidated by a detailed spectroscopic data and X-ray crystallographic analysis. Compounds 5–7 demonstrated cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 3.5 ± 0.7 to 14.1 ± 0.8 μM. Cell adhesion, migration, and invasion assays showed that 6 inhibited the migration and invasion of human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC7721 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Through further investigation, it was revealed that 6 inhibited the enzymatic activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), in addition to down-regulating the expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 at both the protein and mRNA levels to influence the migration and invasion of cancer cells

  • structure elucidation of four prenylindole derivatives from streptomyces sp isolated from Ailuropoda melanoleuca feces
    Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry, 2013
    Co-Authors: Dan Zheng, Yiqing Li, Xiu Chen, Yi Jiang, Xueshi Huang
    Abstract:

    Four new prenylindole derivatives, (R)-6-(2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutyl)indole (1), (R)-6-(2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutyl)indolin-2-one (2), and an unseparated mixture of (Z)-6-(4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)indolin-2-one (3a) and (E)-6-(4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)indolin-2-one (3b) with a ratio of 3 : 2, were isolated from the culture broth of a streptomycete isolated from Ailuropoda melanoleuca feces. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by Mosher's method. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.