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Glen A. Broderick - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of low level monensin supplementation on the production of dairy cows fed Alfalfa Silage
Journal of Dairy Science, 2004Co-Authors: Glen A. BroderickAbstract:Effectiveness of low level monensin supplementation on N utilization in lactating dairy cows fed Alfalfa Silage was assessed using 48 multiparous Holsteins. Cows were fed a covariate diet [% of dry matter (DM): 56% Alfalfa Silage, 39% ground high moisture corn, 3% soybean meal, 1% ground corn, 1% vitamin-mineral supplements] for 2 wk, then grouped by days in milk into blocks of 4. Cows were randomly assigned within blocks to 1 of 4 diets that were fed for 10 wk: 1) control (covariate diet), 2) control plus 3% fish meal (replacing DM from high moisture corn), 3) monensin (10 mg/kg DM), and 4) monensin plus 3% fish meal. Diets 1 and 3 averaged 16.7% crude protein (25% from free AA in Alfalfa Silage); diets 2 and 4 averaged 18.5% crude protein. Monensin intake averaged 16 mg/d on diets 1 and 2 (due to contamination) and 248 mg/d on diets 3 and 4. There was no effect of fish meal or monensin on DM intake. However, weight gain and yield of milk, protein, and SNF increased with fish meal feeding, indicating metabolizable protein limited production. Feeding monensin increased blood glucose but reduced yield of 3.5% fat-corrected milk, milk fat content and yield, and milk protein content and yield. Apparent N efficiency was greatest on monensin (diet 3) but lowest on monensin plus fish meal (diet 4). Fish meal reduced blood glucose concentration and apparent N efficiency, and increased concentrations of milk and blood urea. Monensin increased ruminal propionate concentration and decreased concentration of acetate and butyrate and acetate:propionate in ruminally cannulated cows fed the experimental diets. However, these changes were small, suggesting that too little monensin was fed. Fish meal reduced ruminal total amino acid (AA) but monensin did not alter ruminal NH3 or total AA. Both fish meal and monensin increased NH3 formation from casein AA using ruminal inoculum from the cannulated cows. There was no evidence from this trial that feeding 250 mg of monensin per day to lactating cows improved N utilization by reducing ruminal catabolism of the large amounts of free AA in Alfalfa Silage.
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Ryegrass or Alfalfa Silage as the Dietary Forage for Lactating Dairy Cows
Journal of dairy science, 2002Co-Authors: Glen A. Broderick, R.g. Koegel, R.p. Walgenbach, T.j. KrausAbstract:Renewed interest exists in using grass forages to dilute the higher crude protein (CP) and lower digestible fiber present in legumes fed to lactating dairy cows. A 3 x 3 Latin square feeding study with 4-wk periods was conducted with 24 Holstein cows to compare ryegrass Silage, either untreated control or macerated (intensively conditioned) before ensiling, with Alfalfa Silage as the sole dietary forage. Ryegrass Silages averaged [dry matter (DM) basis] 18.4% CP, 50% neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and 10% indigestible acid detergent fiber (ADF) (control) and 16.6% CP, 51% NDF, and 12% indigestible ADF (macerated). Alfalfa Silage was higher in CP (21.6%) and lower in NDF (44%) but higher in indigestible ADF (26%). A lower proportion of the total N in macerated ryegrass Silage was present as nonprotein N than in control ryegrass and Alfalfa Silages. Diets were formulated to contain 41% DM from either ryegrass Silage, or 51% DM from Alfalfa Silage, plus high moisture corn, and protein concentrates. Diets averaged 17.5% CP and 28 to 29% NDF. The shortfall in CP on ryegrass was made up by feeding 7.6% more soybean meal. Intake and milk yields were similar on control and macerated ryegrass; however, DM intake was 8.3 kg/d greater on the Alfalfa diet. Moreover, feeding the Alfalfa diet increased BW gain (0.48 kg/d) and yield of milk (6.1 kg/d), FCM (6.8 kg/d), fat (0.26 kg/d), protein (0.25 kg/d), lactose (0.35 kg/d), and SNF (0.65 kg/d) versus the mean of the two ryegrass diets. Both DM efficiency (milk/DM intake) and N efficiency (milk-N/N-intake) were 27% greater, and apparent digestibility was 16% greater for DM and 53% greater for NDF and ADF, on the ryegrass diets. However, apparent digestibility of digestible ADF was greater on Alfalfa (96%) than on ryegrass (average = 91%). Also, dietary energy content (estimated as net energy of lactation required for maintenance, milk yield, and weight gain) per unit of digested DM was similar for all three diets. Results of this trial indicated that, relative to ryegrass Silage, feeding Alfalfa Silage stimulated much greater feed intake, which supported greater milk production.
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Effect of replacing Alfalfa Silage with high moisture corn on nutrient utilization and milk production.
Journal of dairy science, 2000Co-Authors: S. C. Valadares Filho, Rilene Ferreira Diniz Valadares, Glen A. Broderick, Murray K. ClaytonAbstract:Twenty-four multiparous lactating Holstein cows were blocked by days in milk and assigned to treatment sequences in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square with 21-d periods. The four diets, formulated from Alfalfa Silage plus a concentrate mix based on ground high moisture ear corn, contained [dry matter (DM) basis]: 1) 20% concentrate, 80% Alfalfa Silage (24% nonfiber carbohydrates; NFC), 2) 35% concentrate, 65% Alfalfa Silage (30% NFC), 3) 50% concentrate, 50% Alfalfa Silage (37% NFC), or 4) 65% concentrate, 35% Alfalfa Silage (43% NFC). Soybean meal and urea were added to make diets isonitrogenous with equal nonprotein N (43% of total N). Intake of DM and milk yield indicated that adaptation was complete within 7 d of changing the diets within the Latin square. There were linear increases in apparent digestibility of DM and organic matter, and a linear decrease in neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility with increasing dietary NFC. Solutions of significant quadratic equations yielded estimated maxima for intake of DM, organic matter, digestible organic matter, and NDF at, respectively, 37, 38, 43, and 27% dietary NFC. There were linear increases in yields of milk, protein, lactose, and solids not fat with increasing dietary NFC. Feed efficiency (milk/DM intake) yielded a quadratic response with a minimum at 27% dietary NFC. Maxima for milk fat content, fat yield, and fat-corrected milk yield were estimated to occur at, respectively, 30, 34 and 38% dietary NFC. In this short-term trial, maximal DM intake and fat-corrected milk yield indicated that the optimum concentrate for cows fed high moisture ear corn plus Alfalfa Silage as the only forage was equivalent to 37 to 38% dietary NFC; however, yields of milk, protein and solids not fat were still increasing at 65% dietary concentrate (43% NFC).
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Effect of replacing Alfalfa Silage with high moisture corn on ruminal protein synthesis estimated from excretion of total purine derivatives.
Journal of Dairy Science, 1999Co-Authors: Rilene Ferreira Diniz Valadares, S. C. Valadares Filho, Glen A. Broderick, Murray K. ClaytonAbstract:Abstract Twenty-four multiparous dairy cows (eight with ruminal cannulae) were blocked by days in milk and assigned to six balanced 4 x 4 Latin squares with 21-d periods. The four diets, formulated from Alfalfa Silage plus a concentrate mix based on ground high moisture ear corn, contained (dry matter basis): 1) 20% concentrate, 80% Alfalfa Silage (24% nonfiber carbohydrate; NFC), 2) 35% concentrate, 65% Alfalfa Silage (30% NFC), 3) 50% concentrate, 50% Alfalfa Silage (37% NFC), or 4) 65% concentrate, 35% Alfalfa Silage (43% NFC). Soybean meal and urea were added to make diets isonitrogenous with equal nonprotein nitrogen (NPN) (43% of total N). Total urine was collected with indwelling Folley catheters for 24h during each period. There was no effect of diet on urinary creatinine excretion (average 29 mg/kg of BW/d). There were quadratic effects of diet on total urinary ecretion of allantoin, uric acid, and purine derivatives (allantoin plus uric acid), and on ruminal synthesis of microbial N estimated from purine derivatives; maxima occurred at about 35% dietary NFC. Urinary excretion also was estimated with spot urine samples from creatinine concentration and the mean daily creatinine excretion. Daily excretion of allantoin, uric acid, and purine derivatives estimated from spot urine sampling followed the same pattern as that observed with total collection; differences between measured and estimated urine volume were significant only for 35% dietary concentrate. Spot urine sampling appeared to yield satisfactory estimates of purine derivative excretion. Maximal urea N excretion was estimated to occur at about 31% dietary NFC. Milk allantoin secretion increased linearly with concentrate and accounted for 4 to 6% of the total purine derivative excretion. Microbial yield was maximal at 35% dietary NFC, suggesting that this was the optimal level for utilization of dietary NPN from Alfalfa Silage and other sources.
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Effect of feeding macerated Alfalfa Silage on nutrient digestibility and milk yield in lactating dairy cows
Journal of dairy science, 1999Co-Authors: Glen A. Broderick, R.g. Koegel, M.j.c. Mauries, E. Schneeberger, T.j. KrausAbstract:Abstract Five feeding studies were conducted with 141 lactating Holstein cows comparing macerated and control Alfalfa Silage harvested at two cuttings in each of 2 yr. Overall, Silage made from macerated Alfalfa contained more ash (suggesting improved soil contamination); greater fiber and lower nonprotein nitrogen (NPN) content suggested greater fermentation in the silo. In a digestion study, two diets were fed containing [dry matter (DM) basis] 72% of either control or macerated second- cutting Alfalfa. Apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber (ADF) was increased by maceration, and similar changes in digestibility were observed with Yb or indigestible ADF as marker; indigestible ADF was used as a marker in later studies. Lactation trials were conducted with first- and second-cutting Alfalfa from each year. In each study, diets were formulated from Alfalfa Silage plus concentrate based on processed high moisture ear corn; mean compositions were (DM basis): negative control (61% control Alfalfa Silage), macerated (61% macerated Alfalfa Silage), and positive control (50% control Alfalfa Silage). All diets contained 2% crude protein from either roasted soybeans or low-solubles fish meal; soybean meal was added to make the positive control isonitrogenous (but not equal in ruminal undegraded protein). Milk yield was greater on macerated than negative control in two of four trials but not different in the other two trials. Yields of milk and milk components were not different between macerated and positive control in one of four trials. Versus the negative control, milk, protein, and solids not fat, but lower milk fat content. Yields of milk and milk components were greater overall on positive control versus macerated. Estimation of net energy for lactation (NE L ) from maintenance, milk yield, and body weight gain indicated that control and macerated al-falfa Silage contained, respectively, 1.36 and 1.42 Mcal of NE L of OM, an increase of about 5% due to maceration of Alfalfa in these trials.
L.d. Satter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Yield response of dairy cows fed different proportions of Alfalfa Silage and corn Silage
Journal of dairy science, 1997Co-Authors: T.r. Dhiman, L.d. SatterAbstract:Forty-five multiparous and 29 primiparous cows were used in a complete lactation study to determine milk yield and the potential for improving N utilization by cows fed diets containing different proportions of Alfalfa and corn Silages. Cows were fed diets with a 50:50 forage to grain ratio. The forage portion of the diet was either all Alfalfa Silage, two-thirds Alfalfa Silage and one-third corn Silage, or one-third Alfalfa Silage and two-thirds corn Silage (dry matter basis). Treatment diets were fed to 6 ruminally cannulated cows to study dietary effects on ruminal fermentation. Diets were fed as a total mixed ration. Dry matter intake as a percentage of body weight was higher for cows fed the diet containing one-third corn Silage. Mean 3.5% fat-corrected milk yield from wk 1 to 36 of lactation was 31.0, 32.9, and 31.8 kg/d for cows fed the Alfalfa, one-third corn Silage, and two-thirds corn Silage treatment diets, respectively. For 305 d of lactation, milk yield for multiparous cows was 9593, 10,170, and 10,024 kg and for primiparous cows was 8124, 8412, and 8168 kg for cows consuming the Alfalfa, one-third corn Silage, and two-thirds corn Silage treatment diets, respectively. Diets containing two-thirds corn Silage decreased milk fat content of multiparous cows during early lactation. Ruminal NH3 concentration was lower and N excretion in the environment was reduced by 6 to 15% with the diets containing corn Silage. Results suggested that corn Silage should constitute one-third to two-thirds of dietary forage dry matter when fed with Alfalfa Silage to derive maximal benefit.
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Digestion and energy balance in lactating dairy cows fed varying ratios of Alfalfa Silage and grain.
Journal of dairy science, 1995Co-Authors: T.r. Dhiman, J. Kleinmans, N.j. Tessmann, H.d. Radloff, L.d. SatterAbstract:Forty-four multiparous and 43 primiparous Holstein cows were used to study the effect of dietary Alfalfa Silage: grain ratio on digestion, passage of digesta, and energy balance in a complete lactation experiment. Cows were placed on one of five treatments with forage contents from 38.2 to 98.2% (DM basis) during the first 12 wk of lactation. Forage content was increased during wk 13 to 26 of lactation to give diets containing 48.2 to 98.2% forage and again during wk 27 to 44 to give diets containing 68.2 to 98.2% forage. Both DMI and DM digestibilities decreased as proportion of dietary forage increased. The DM digestibilities for multiparous and primiparous cows ranged between 69.3 and 57.3% during early lactation and 64.9 and 55.5% during late lactation. Increased percentage of forage in the diet decreased and then increased (quadratic relationship) the ruminal retention time of La, a marker applied to the Alfalfa Silage in early and late lactation. Time cows spent eating and ruminating per kilogram of DMI increased as proportion of forage in the diet increased. Cows fed diets with a high proportion of Alfalfa Silage remained in negative energy balance longer than cows fed high grain diets. Intake of NEL (calculated by either of two methods) minus NEL output (milk, maintenance, and BW change) resulted in net balances of NEL after 36 wk of lactation within 5% of NEL intake and indicated that estimates of the NEL value of feedstuffs used in this experiment were reasonably accurate.
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Protein and Energy Supplementation of High Alfalfa Silage Diets During Early Lactation
Journal of Dairy Science, 1993Co-Authors: T.r. Dhiman, C. Cadorniga, L.d. SatterAbstract:Abstract Protein versus energy as a first-limiting nutrient for milk yield and milk protein content was studied in cows fed high Alfalfa Silage diets. In Experiment 1, 12 cows during wk 3 to 12 of lactation were fed diets containing 48.2% Alfalfa Silage or 98.2% Silage with or without infusion of 1 kg/d of casein into the abomasum. Infusion of casein resulted in a 22% increase in milk yield, 180-g/d increase in milk protein yield, and no change in DMI. In Experiment 2, 20 cows during wk 3 to 6 of lactation were fed 98.2% Alfalfa Silage diets and received no infusion, 1 kg/d of glucose infused into the abomasum, 1.2 kg/d of soy protein into the abomasum, or a mixture of the glucose and protein infusion into the abomasum. Infusion of glucose had no effect on milk yield but decreased DMI, milk fat, and milk protein. Infusion of protein increased daily milk yield by 17% and protein yield by 144 g/d. In Experiment 3, 20 cows during wk 9 to 12 of lactation were fed 98.2% Alfalfa Silage and received no infusion, .75 kg/d of propionate infused into the rumen, 1.2 kg/d of soy protein infused into the abomasum, and the propionate and soy protein infusions combined. In Experiment 4, 20 cows were fed 78.2% Alfalfa Silage diets with or without 5% propylene glycol. Infusion of propionate or supplementation of propylene glycol in Experiments 3 and 4 reduced DMI and milk yield. Milk yield response to protein infused into the abomasum and lack of response to energy infused into the abomasum or included in the diet in a nonfermentable form suggest that protein, not energy, is the first-limiting nutrient for milk yield in cows fed high Alfalfa Silage diets.
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Protein as the first-limiting nutrient for lactating dairy cows fed high proportions of good quality Alfalfa Silage
Journal of Dairy Science, 1993Co-Authors: T.r. Dhiman, L.d. SatterAbstract:Abstract Milk yield and composition response to dietary supplementation of protein or energy was determined in cows fed high proportions of good quality Alfalfa Silage. In Experiment 1, 40 multiparous Holstein cows were assigned to one of five groups at parturition. Cows were fed experimental diets during wk 4 to 15 of lactation. The control diet contained 75% Alfalfa Silage and 23.2% high moisture ear corn (DM basis). The following supplements partially replaced corn in the treatment groups: protein, 6% fish meal plus 2.1% blood meal; fat, 5% prilled animal fat; protein plus fat, the protein and fat treatment combined; and protein plus glucose, the protein treatment plus 1.6 kg/d of glucose infused into the abomasum. Supplementation of protein increased milk yield by 18%, and supplementation of fat alone only marginally increased milk yield. Infusion of glucose decreased milk fat content and thereby reduced FCM yield. Cows fed fat or infused with glucose had slightly lower milk protein content. In Experiment 2, 27 primiparous Holstein cows were fed 98.2% Alfalfa Silage, 91.2% Alfalfa Silage plus 7% fish meal, and 61.2% Alfalfa Silage plus 7% fish meal plus 30% dry shelled corn in treatments 1 to 3, respectively. Daily milk yields for treatments 1 to 3 were 18.8, 22.2, and 25.8 kg/d. The milk yield response to protein supplements in both experiments and relative lack of response to energy supplements alone suggest that protein, and not energy, was first-limiting for milk yield with diets containing a large proportion of Alfalfa Silage.
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Protein versus energy supplementation of high Alfalfa Silage diets for early lactation cows
Journal of Dairy Science, 1993Co-Authors: C. Cadorniga, L.d. SatterAbstract:Abstract An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that cows in early lactation are more likely to be limited by protein than by energy when fed diets containing high proportions of Alfalfa Silage. After a 2-wk covariate period, 26 multiparous cows were assigned to one of four treatments from wk 3 to 14 of lactation. Treatments were a positive control diet with equal amounts of forage and grain (DM basis), an all forage diet serving as negative control, and two test diets with 75% forage and 25% of either high moisture ear corn or expeller soybean meal. The latter two diets were equal in energy content but differed in the amount of protein made available for absorption in the small intestine. Alfalfa Silage was the only forage in all diets. Milk yield with the four diets averaged 36.3, 25.5, 32.1, and 35.5 kg/d, and milk protein content was 2.93, 2.63, 2.77, and 2.75%. The negative control diet severely depressed milk protein content, which was not restored totally by either test diet. We concluded that absorbable protein supply to the intestine is first-limiting when high Alfalfa Silage diets are fed to cows in early lactation.
Paul J Weimer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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in vitro ruminal fermentation of treated Alfalfa Silage using ruminal inocula from high and low feed efficient lactating cows
Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2016Co-Authors: Francisco E Contrerasgovea, R E Muck, Paul J Weimer, U C HymesfechtAbstract:Aims To assess the effect of two additives on Alfalfa Silage and on in vitro ruminal fermentation when using ruminal inocula from high feed-efficient (HE) and low feed-efficient (LE) lactating cows. Methods and Results First and second cut Alfalfa was harvested at 40% bloom stage, treated with control (no additive), Lactobacillus plantarum (LP), or formic acid (Formic), ensiled in 1.0 L minisilos, and fermented for 60 d. Fermented Alfalfa was incubated in vitro for 24 h using ruminal inoculum from HE and LE lactating cows. The pH was lower in Alfalfa Silage treated with LP and Formic and produced lower ammonia-N than did the control. In vitro true dry matter digestibility (IVTDMD) was higher with ruminal inoculum from HE than LE cows, but there was no consistent effect of treated Alfalfa on microbial biomass yield and in vitro volatile fatty acids. Conclusions The IVTDMD was numerically greater with ruminal inoculum from higher feed-efficient cows although statistical significance was only demonstrated with the first-cut Alfalfa. However, treated Alfalfa Silage did not show the effect expected on in vitro microbial biomass yield. Significance and Impact of the Study The feed efficiency of cows used as a source of ruminal inocula may affect IVTDMD and be a source of variation across in vitro runs. Differences in ruminal fermentation between cows of different feed efficiency could help to explain differences in milk yield and other parameters of dairy cattle performance. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Use of real time PCR to determine population profiles of individual species of lactic acid bacteria in Alfalfa Silage and stored corn stover
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2006Co-Authors: David M. Stevenson, Richard E. Muck, Kevin J. Shinners, Paul J WeimerAbstract:Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to quantify seven species of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in Alfalfa Silage prepared in the presence or absence of four commercial inoculants and in uninoculated corn stover harvested and stored under a variety of field conditions. Species-specific PCR primers were designed based on recA gene sequences. Commercial inoculants improved the quality of Alfalfa Silage, but species corresponding to those in the inoculants displayed variations in persistence over the next 96 h. Lactobacillus brevis was the most abundant LAB (12 to 32% of total sample DNA) in all of the Alfalfa Silages by 96 h. Modest populations (up to 10%) of Lactobacillus plantarum were also observed in inoculated Silages. Pediococcus pentosaceus populations increased over time but did not exceed 2% of the total. Small populations (0.1 to 1%) of Lactobacillus buchneri and Lactococcus lactis were observed in all Silages, while Lactobacillus pentosus and Enterococcus faecium were near or below detection limits. Corn stover generally displayed higher populations of L. plantarum and L. brevis and lower populations of other LAB species. The data illustrate the utility of RT-PCR for quantifying individual species of LAB in conserved forages prepared under a wide variety of conditions.
Arif F Mustafa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Short communication: Effects of molasses supplementation on performance of lactating cows fed high-Alfalfa Silage diets
Journal of dairy science, 2013Co-Authors: B. Baurhoo, Arif F MustafaAbstract:Twelve Holstein cows were used in a replicated Latin square experiment to determine the effect of adding dried molasses to high-Alfalfa Silage diets on dairy cow performance. Three isonitrogenous diets were formulated with a 68:32 forage:concentrate ratio, with Alfalfa Silage as the only forage source. Dietary treatments were a control diet with no added molasses and 3 and 6% dried molasses diets. Three lactating Holstein cows fitted with ruminal cannulas were used to determine the effects of dietary treatments on ruminal fermentation. Dietary treatments had no effect on dry matter (average 23.3 kg/d), crude protein (average 4.4 kg/d), or neutral detergent fiber (average 7.4 kg/d) intake. Milk yield, energy-corrected milk (average 35.4 kg/d), and 4% fat-corrected milk (average 33.8 kg/d) were not influenced by dietary treatments. Cows fed the control diet produced milk with less milk urea nitrogen concentration than those fed molasses-supplemented diets. Ruminal pH, NH3-N concentration, and total volatile fatty acids were not different among dietary treatments. The molar proportion of acetate linearly increased, whereas the molar proportion of propionate linearly decreased as the level of dried molasses increased. It was concluded that addition of dried molasses to high-Alfalfa Silage diets at 6% of the diet (dry matter basis) increased milk urea nitrogen but had no effect on animal performance.
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EFFECTS OF INOCULATION OF HIGH DRY MATTER Alfalfa Silage ON ENSILING CHARACTERISTICS, RUMINAL NUTRIENT DEGRADABILITY AND DAIRY COW PERFORMANCE
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2005Co-Authors: Charbel Rizk, Arif F Mustafa, Leroy E. PhillipAbstract:The objective of this study was to determine the effects of a homolactic acid inoculant on ensiling characteristics and nutritive value of high dry matter (DM) Alfalfa. The ensiling characteristics were determined by ensiling inoculated and untreated Alfalfa haylage in mini-silos for 0, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 45 days. Two lactating cows fitted with ruminal fistulas were used to determine ruminal degradabilities of nutrient in inoculated and untreated Alfalfa Silage (45-day Silage). Effects of feeding inoculated and untreated Alfalfa Silage on animal performance were determined using 28 lactating dairy cows fed total mixed diets (40% forage and 60% concentrate) with the forage portion consisting of inoculated or untreated Alfalfa Silage. The pH of the inoculated Silage declined from 5.9 to 4.5 within 2 days of ensiling while the pH of the untreated Silage did not drop below 5 until day 16 post-ensiling. At all ensiling times, inoculated Alfalfa Silage had lower pH than untreated Alfalfa Silage. The concentration of lactic acid was higher while that of water-soluble carbohydrates was lower for inoculated than untreated Alfalfa Silage at all ensiling times. Inoculation increased proteolysis as indicated by a reduction in true protein and neutral detergent insoluble protein and an increase in non-protein nitrogen. Ruminal degradability of DM, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber of Alfalfa Silage were not affected by inoculation. The average effective degradability of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber was 66, 65 and 62%, respectively. Dairy cows fed inoculated Alfalfa Silage had DM intake (average 22 kg day−1) and milk yield (average 42 kg day−1) similar to cows fed untreated Alfalfa Silage. It was concluded that the inoculant used in this study improved the ensiling characteristics of Alfalfa Silage with no significant effects on dairy cow performance. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
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Effects of pea, barley, and Alfalfa Silage on ruminal nutrient degradability and performance of dairy cows.
Journal of dairy science, 2000Co-Authors: Arif F Mustafa, David A. Christensen, John J. MckinnonAbstract:Six Holstein cows in early lactation were used in a double 3 x 3 Latin square design to determine the effects of feeding diets with pea Silage, relative to barley Silage, or Alfalfa Silage. Cows were fed rations formulated to contain 50:50 forage:concentrate ratio. Two ruminally fistulated cows were used in a randomized complete block design to determine ruminal nutrient degradability for pea Silage relative to barley and Alfalfa Silages. Pea Silage contained lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber, and starch concentrations but higher crude protein than barley Silage. Compared with Alfalfa Silage, pea Silage had higher starch and NDF but lower crude protein content. Pea and Alfalfa Silage had similar effective ruminal degradability of dry matter, which was higher than that of barley Silage. The rate of degradation and effective ruminal degradability of NDF was highest for Alfalfa Silage, intermediate for pea Silage and lowest for barley Silage. Results of the lactation trial showed that dry matter intake and milk yield were not affected by forage source. Milk composition was similar for cows fed pea or barley Silage; however, cows fed pea Silage produced milk with a higher fat and a lower protein percentage than those fed the Alfalfa Silage. Pea Silage can replace barley or Alfalfa Silage as a forage source for dairy cows in early lactation.
G A Broderick - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of feeding formate treated Alfalfa Silage or red clover Silage on the production of lactating dairy cows
Journal of Dairy Science, 2007Co-Authors: G A Broderick, A F Brito, J Olmos J ColmeneroAbstract:Abstract In trial 1, 15 Holsteins were fed 3 total mixed rations (TMR) with 33% neutral detergent fiber in 3×3 Latin squares (28-d periods). Two TMR contained (dry matter basis): 40% control Alfalfa Silage (CAS) or 40% ammonium tetraformate-treated Alfalfa Silage (TAS), 20% corn Silage (CS), 33% high-moisture shelled corn (HMSC), 6% solvent soybean meal (SSBM), and 18% crude protein (CP); the third TMR contained 54% red clover Silage (RCS), 6% dried molasses, 33% HMSC, 6% SSBM, and 16.3% CP. Silages differed in nonprotein N (NPN) and acid detergent insoluble N (ADIN; % of total N): 50 and 4% (CAS); 45 and 3% (TAS); 27 and 8% (RCS). Replacing CAS with TAS increased intake, yields of milk, fat-corrected milk, protein, and solids-not-fat, and apparent dry matter and N efficiency. Replacing CAS with RCS increased intake and N efficiency but not milk yield. Replacing CAS or TAS with RCS lowered milk urea N, increased apparent nutrient digestibility, and diverted N excretion from urine to feces. In trial 2, 24 Holsteins (8 ruminally cannulated) were fed 4 TMR in 4×4 Latin squares (28-d periods). Diets included the CAS, TAS, and RCS (RCS1) fed in trial 1 plus an immature RCS (RCS2; 29% NPN, 4% ADIN). The CAS, TAS, and RCS2 diets contained 36% HMSC and 3% SSBM and the RCS1 diet contained 31% HMSC and 9% SSBM. All TMR had 50% legume Silage, 10% CS, 27% neutral detergent fiber, and 17 to 18% CP. Little difference was observed between cows fed CAS and TAS. Intakes of DM and yields of milk, fat-corrected milk, fat, protein, lactose, and solids-not-fat, and milk fat and protein content were greater on Alfalfa Silage vs. RCS. Blood urea N, milk urea N, ruminal ammonia, and total urinary N excretion were reduced on RCS, suggesting better N utilization on the lower NPN Silage. Apparent N efficiency tended to be higher for cows fed RCS but there was no difference when N efficiency was expressed as kilograms of milk yield per kilogram of total N excreted.
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effect of formic acid or formaldehyde treatment of Alfalfa Silage on nutrient utilization by dairy cows
Journal of Dairy Science, 1992Co-Authors: Sarah A Nagel, G A BroderickAbstract:Third-cutting Alfalfa with 37% DM was ensiled untreated or treated with either 2.8 g of formic acid/100 g of DM or .31 g of formaldehyde/100 g of DM and fed to lactating dairy cows in two experiments. Silage treated with formic acid had the lowest pH and concentrations of NPN, NH3, and total free AA. Both treatments decreased rumen in vitro protein degradability but did not affect in vitro rumen plus pepsin digestibility. In trial 1, part 1, 22 Holstein cows received a standard diet for 18 d postpartum and then were fed for 6 wk one of three diets containing 98% Alfalfa Silage DM. Although DMI was comparable, yields of milk, SCM, fat, protein, lactose, and SNF were higher when treated Silages were fed. Plasma concentrations of branched-chain, essential, and total AA increased when formic acid-treated Silage was fed. Rumen pH and concentrations of NH3 and VFA were similar for all diets. Rumen escape protein, estimated using 15N as a microbial protein marker, was increased more by formic acid than by formaldehyde treatment. In trial 1, part 2, supplementation with 4.8% fish meal increased concentration of milk protein and yields of milk, protein, lactose, and SNF. Milk urea concentration was higher on the untreated Silage diet. Total tract apparent DM and N digestibilities were not affected by Silage treatment, although fish meal decreased apparent DM digestibility. In trial 2, 80:20 Alfalfa Silage:ground corn diets were fed to 12 midlactation cows in a 3 x 3 Latin square study. Milk production was unaffected, but milk protein concentration and DMI were higher when treated Silages were fed. Feeding treated Silages increased plasma concentrations of branched-chain AA, essential AA, and total AA. Formaldehyde and especially formic acid treatment effectively improved utilization of nutrients in Alfalfa Silage by lactating dairy cows.