American Bison

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Catherine Badgley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Diet segregation in American Bison (Bison Bison) of Yellowstone National Park (Wyoming, USA).
    BMC ecology, 2017
    Co-Authors: John L. Berini, Catherine Badgley
    Abstract:

    Background Body size is a major factor in the nutritional ecology of ruminant mammals. Females, due to their smaller size and smaller rumen, have more rapid food-passage times than males and thereby require higher quality forage. Males are more efficient at converting high-fiber forage into usable energy and thus, are more concerned with quantity. American Bison are sexually dimorphic and sexually segregate for the majority of their adult lives, and in Yellowstone National Park, they occur in two distinct subpopulations within the Northern and Central ranges. We used fecal nitrogen and stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen from American Bison to investigate sex-specific differences in diet composition, diet quality, and dietary breadth between the mating season and a time period spanning multiple years, and compared diet indicators for these different time periods between the Northern and Central ranges.

  • diet segregation in American Bison Bison Bison of yellowstone national park wyoming usa
    BMC Ecology, 2017
    Co-Authors: John L. Berini, Catherine Badgley
    Abstract:

    Body size is a major factor in the nutritional ecology of ruminant mammals. Females, due to their smaller size and smaller rumen, have more rapid food-passage times than males and thereby require higher quality forage. Males are more efficient at converting high-fiber forage into usable energy and thus, are more concerned with quantity. American Bison are sexually dimorphic and sexually segregate for the majority of their adult lives, and in Yellowstone National Park, they occur in two distinct subpopulations within the Northern and Central ranges. We used fecal nitrogen and stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen from American Bison to investigate sex-specific differences in diet composition, diet quality, and dietary breadth between the mating season and a time period spanning multiple years, and compared diet indicators for these different time periods between the Northern and Central ranges. During mating season, diet composition of male and female American Bison differed significantly; females had higher quality diets, and males had greater dietary breadth. Over the multi-year period, females had higher quality diets and males, greater dietary breadth. Diet segregation for Bison in the Central Range was more pronounced during the mating season than for the multi-year period and females had higher quality diets than males. Finally, diet segregation in the Northern Range was more pronounced during the multi-year period than during the mating season, and males had greater dietary breadth. Female Bison in Yellowstone National Park have higher quality diets than males, whereas males ingest a greater diversity of plants or plants parts, and Bison from different ranges exhibited more pronounced diet segregation during different times. Collectively, our results suggest that diet segregation in Bison of Yellowstone National Park is associated with sex-specific differences in nutritional demands. Altogether, our results highlight the importance of accounting for spatial and temporal heterogeneity when conducting dietary studies on wild ungulates.

  • Diet segregation in American Bison (Bison Bison) of Yellowstone National Park (Wyoming, USA)
    BMC, 2017
    Co-Authors: John L. Berini, Catherine Badgley
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background Body size is a major factor in the nutritional ecology of ruminant mammals. Females, due to their smaller size and smaller rumen, have more rapid food-passage times than males and thereby require higher quality forage. Males are more efficient at converting high-fiber forage into usable energy and thus, are more concerned with quantity. American Bison are sexually dimorphic and sexually segregate for the majority of their adult lives, and in Yellowstone National Park, they occur in two distinct subpopulations within the Northern and Central ranges. We used fecal nitrogen and stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen from American Bison to investigate sex-specific differences in diet composition, diet quality, and dietary breadth between the mating season and a time period spanning multiple years, and compared diet indicators for these different time periods between the Northern and Central ranges. Results During mating season, diet composition of male and female American Bison differed significantly; females had higher quality diets, and males had greater dietary breadth. Over the multi-year period, females had higher quality diets and males, greater dietary breadth. Diet segregation for Bison in the Central Range was more pronounced during the mating season than for the multi-year period and females had higher quality diets than males. Finally, diet segregation in the Northern Range was more pronounced during the multi-year period than during the mating season, and males had greater dietary breadth. Conclusions Female Bison in Yellowstone National Park have higher quality diets than males, whereas males ingest a greater diversity of plants or plants parts, and Bison from different ranges exhibited more pronounced diet segregation during different times. Collectively, our results suggest that diet segregation in Bison of Yellowstone National Park is associated with sex-specific differences in nutritional demands. Altogether, our results highlight the importance of accounting for spatial and temporal heterogeneity when conducting dietary studies on wild ungulates

John L. Berini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Diet segregation in American Bison (Bison Bison) of Yellowstone National Park (Wyoming, USA).
    BMC ecology, 2017
    Co-Authors: John L. Berini, Catherine Badgley
    Abstract:

    Background Body size is a major factor in the nutritional ecology of ruminant mammals. Females, due to their smaller size and smaller rumen, have more rapid food-passage times than males and thereby require higher quality forage. Males are more efficient at converting high-fiber forage into usable energy and thus, are more concerned with quantity. American Bison are sexually dimorphic and sexually segregate for the majority of their adult lives, and in Yellowstone National Park, they occur in two distinct subpopulations within the Northern and Central ranges. We used fecal nitrogen and stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen from American Bison to investigate sex-specific differences in diet composition, diet quality, and dietary breadth between the mating season and a time period spanning multiple years, and compared diet indicators for these different time periods between the Northern and Central ranges.

  • diet segregation in American Bison Bison Bison of yellowstone national park wyoming usa
    BMC Ecology, 2017
    Co-Authors: John L. Berini, Catherine Badgley
    Abstract:

    Body size is a major factor in the nutritional ecology of ruminant mammals. Females, due to their smaller size and smaller rumen, have more rapid food-passage times than males and thereby require higher quality forage. Males are more efficient at converting high-fiber forage into usable energy and thus, are more concerned with quantity. American Bison are sexually dimorphic and sexually segregate for the majority of their adult lives, and in Yellowstone National Park, they occur in two distinct subpopulations within the Northern and Central ranges. We used fecal nitrogen and stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen from American Bison to investigate sex-specific differences in diet composition, diet quality, and dietary breadth between the mating season and a time period spanning multiple years, and compared diet indicators for these different time periods between the Northern and Central ranges. During mating season, diet composition of male and female American Bison differed significantly; females had higher quality diets, and males had greater dietary breadth. Over the multi-year period, females had higher quality diets and males, greater dietary breadth. Diet segregation for Bison in the Central Range was more pronounced during the mating season than for the multi-year period and females had higher quality diets than males. Finally, diet segregation in the Northern Range was more pronounced during the multi-year period than during the mating season, and males had greater dietary breadth. Female Bison in Yellowstone National Park have higher quality diets than males, whereas males ingest a greater diversity of plants or plants parts, and Bison from different ranges exhibited more pronounced diet segregation during different times. Collectively, our results suggest that diet segregation in Bison of Yellowstone National Park is associated with sex-specific differences in nutritional demands. Altogether, our results highlight the importance of accounting for spatial and temporal heterogeneity when conducting dietary studies on wild ungulates.

  • Diet segregation in American Bison (Bison Bison) of Yellowstone National Park (Wyoming, USA)
    BMC, 2017
    Co-Authors: John L. Berini, Catherine Badgley
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background Body size is a major factor in the nutritional ecology of ruminant mammals. Females, due to their smaller size and smaller rumen, have more rapid food-passage times than males and thereby require higher quality forage. Males are more efficient at converting high-fiber forage into usable energy and thus, are more concerned with quantity. American Bison are sexually dimorphic and sexually segregate for the majority of their adult lives, and in Yellowstone National Park, they occur in two distinct subpopulations within the Northern and Central ranges. We used fecal nitrogen and stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen from American Bison to investigate sex-specific differences in diet composition, diet quality, and dietary breadth between the mating season and a time period spanning multiple years, and compared diet indicators for these different time periods between the Northern and Central ranges. Results During mating season, diet composition of male and female American Bison differed significantly; females had higher quality diets, and males had greater dietary breadth. Over the multi-year period, females had higher quality diets and males, greater dietary breadth. Diet segregation for Bison in the Central Range was more pronounced during the mating season than for the multi-year period and females had higher quality diets than males. Finally, diet segregation in the Northern Range was more pronounced during the multi-year period than during the mating season, and males had greater dietary breadth. Conclusions Female Bison in Yellowstone National Park have higher quality diets than males, whereas males ingest a greater diversity of plants or plants parts, and Bison from different ranges exhibited more pronounced diet segregation during different times. Collectively, our results suggest that diet segregation in Bison of Yellowstone National Park is associated with sex-specific differences in nutritional demands. Altogether, our results highlight the importance of accounting for spatial and temporal heterogeneity when conducting dietary studies on wild ungulates

Kate Jirik - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

James N. Derr - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The ecological future of the North American Bison: conceiving long-term, large-scale conservation of wildlife.
    Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Eric W. Sanderson, James N. Derr, Kent H. Redford, Bill Weber, Keith Aune, Dick Baldes, Joel Berger, Dave Carter, Charles Curtin, Steve Dobrott
    Abstract:

    Many wide-ranging mammal species have experienced significant declines over the last 200 years; restoring these species will require long-term, large-scale recovery efforts. We highlight 5 attributes of a recent range-wide vision-setting exercise for ecological recovery of the North American Bison (Bison Bison) that are broadly applicable to other species and restoration targets. The result of the exercise, the "Vermejo Statement" on Bison restoration, is explicitly (1) large scale, (2) long term, (3) inclusive, (4) fulfilling of different values, and (5) ambitious. It reads, in part, "Over the next century, the ecological recovery of the North American Bison will occur when multiple large herds move freely across extensive landscapes within all major habitats of their historic range, interacting in ecologically significant ways with the fullest possible set of other native species, and inspiring, sustaining and connecting human cultures." We refined the vision into a scorecard that illustrates how individual Bison herds can contribute to the vision. We also developed a set of maps and analyzed the current and potential future distributions of Bison on the basis of expert assessment. Although more than 500,000 Bison exist in North America today, we estimated they occupy

  • the ecological future of the north American Bison conceiving long term large scale conservation of wildlife
    Conservation Biology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Eric W. Sanderson, James N. Derr, Kent H. Redford, Bill Weber, Keith Aune, Dick Baldes, Joel Berger, Dave Carter, Charles Curtin, Steve Dobrott
    Abstract:

    Many wide-ranging mammal species have experienced significant declines over the last 200 years; restoring these species will require long-term, large-scale recovery efforts. We highlight 5 attributes of a recent range-wide vision-setting exercise for ecological recovery of the North American Bison (Bison Bison) that are broadly applicable to other species and restoration targets. The result of the exercise, the "Vermejo Statement" on Bison restoration, is explicitly (1) large scale, (2) long term, (3) inclusive, (4) fulfilling of different values, and (5) ambitious. It reads, in part, "Over the next century, the ecological recovery of the North American Bison will occur when multiple large herds move freely across extensive landscapes within all major habitats of their historic range, interacting in ecologically significant ways with the fullest possible set of other native species, and inspiring, sustaining and connecting human cultures." We refined the vision into a scorecard that illustrates how individual Bison herds can contribute to the vision. We also developed a set of maps and analyzed the current and potential future distributions of Bison on the basis of expert assessment. Although more than 500,000 Bison exist in North America today, we estimated they occupy <1% of their historical range and in no place express the full range of ecological and social values of previous times. By formulating an inclusive, affirmative, and specific vision through consultation with a wide range of stakeholders, we hope to provide a foundation for conservation of Bison, and other wide-ranging species, over the next 100 years.

  • validation of 15 microsatellites for parentage testing in north American Bison Bison Bison and domestic cattle
    Animal Genetics, 2000
    Co-Authors: Robert D. Schnabel, Todd J Ward, James N. Derr
    Abstract:

    Fifteen bovine microsatellites were evaluated for use in parentage testing in 725 Bison from 14 public populations, 178 Bison from two private ranches and 107 domestic cattle from five different breeds. The number of alleles per locus ranged from five to 16 in Bison and from five to 13 in cattle. On average, expected heterozygosity, polymorphism information content (PIC) and probability of exclusion values were slightly lower in Bison than in cattle. A core set of 12 loci was further refined to produce a set of multiplexed markers suitable for routine parentage testing. Assuming one known parent, the core set of markers provides exclusion probabilities in Bison of 0·9955 and in cattle of 0·9995 averaged across all populations or breeds tested. Tests of Hardy-Weinberg and linkage equilibrium showed only minor deviations. This core set of 12 loci represent a powerful and efficient method for determining parentage in North American Bison and domestic cattle.

Steve Dobrott - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The ecological future of the North American Bison: conceiving long-term, large-scale conservation of wildlife.
    Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Eric W. Sanderson, James N. Derr, Kent H. Redford, Bill Weber, Keith Aune, Dick Baldes, Joel Berger, Dave Carter, Charles Curtin, Steve Dobrott
    Abstract:

    Many wide-ranging mammal species have experienced significant declines over the last 200 years; restoring these species will require long-term, large-scale recovery efforts. We highlight 5 attributes of a recent range-wide vision-setting exercise for ecological recovery of the North American Bison (Bison Bison) that are broadly applicable to other species and restoration targets. The result of the exercise, the "Vermejo Statement" on Bison restoration, is explicitly (1) large scale, (2) long term, (3) inclusive, (4) fulfilling of different values, and (5) ambitious. It reads, in part, "Over the next century, the ecological recovery of the North American Bison will occur when multiple large herds move freely across extensive landscapes within all major habitats of their historic range, interacting in ecologically significant ways with the fullest possible set of other native species, and inspiring, sustaining and connecting human cultures." We refined the vision into a scorecard that illustrates how individual Bison herds can contribute to the vision. We also developed a set of maps and analyzed the current and potential future distributions of Bison on the basis of expert assessment. Although more than 500,000 Bison exist in North America today, we estimated they occupy

  • the ecological future of the north American Bison conceiving long term large scale conservation of wildlife
    Conservation Biology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Eric W. Sanderson, James N. Derr, Kent H. Redford, Bill Weber, Keith Aune, Dick Baldes, Joel Berger, Dave Carter, Charles Curtin, Steve Dobrott
    Abstract:

    Many wide-ranging mammal species have experienced significant declines over the last 200 years; restoring these species will require long-term, large-scale recovery efforts. We highlight 5 attributes of a recent range-wide vision-setting exercise for ecological recovery of the North American Bison (Bison Bison) that are broadly applicable to other species and restoration targets. The result of the exercise, the "Vermejo Statement" on Bison restoration, is explicitly (1) large scale, (2) long term, (3) inclusive, (4) fulfilling of different values, and (5) ambitious. It reads, in part, "Over the next century, the ecological recovery of the North American Bison will occur when multiple large herds move freely across extensive landscapes within all major habitats of their historic range, interacting in ecologically significant ways with the fullest possible set of other native species, and inspiring, sustaining and connecting human cultures." We refined the vision into a scorecard that illustrates how individual Bison herds can contribute to the vision. We also developed a set of maps and analyzed the current and potential future distributions of Bison on the basis of expert assessment. Although more than 500,000 Bison exist in North America today, we estimated they occupy <1% of their historical range and in no place express the full range of ecological and social values of previous times. By formulating an inclusive, affirmative, and specific vision through consultation with a wide range of stakeholders, we hope to provide a foundation for conservation of Bison, and other wide-ranging species, over the next 100 years.