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Peter J. Hotez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ac-SAA-1, an immunodominant 16 kDa surface-associated antigen of infective larvae and adults of Ancylostoma caninum.
International journal for parasitology, 2004Co-Authors: Bin Zhan, John M Hawdon, Shu-hua Xiao, Yueyuan Liu, Angela L. Williamson, Alex Loukas, Yan Wang, Hae-chou Xue, Peter J. HotezAbstract:Abstract A cDNA encoding a surface-associated antigen was cloned from an Ancylostoma caninum infective larvae (L 3 ) cDNA library by immunoscreening with pooled human immune sera. The sera were obtained from individuals living in an Ancylostoma duodenale hookworm-endemic region of China, who had light intensity infections and high antibody titers against A. caninum L 3 . Ancylostoma caninum surface-associated antigen-1 is encoded by an 843 bp mRNA with a predicted open reading frame of 162 amino acids. Recombinant Ancylostoma caninum surface-associated antigen-1 was expressed in Escherichia coli and used to prepare a specific antiserum. A Western blot with anti- Ancylostoma caninum surface-associated antigen-1 specific antiserum showed that native Ancylostoma caninum surface-associated antigen-1 protein is expressed by both L 3 and adult hookworms; RT-PCR confirmed that the mRNA is transcribed in both stages. In adult hookworms, the protein localised to the basal layer of the cuticle and hypodermis of adult worms. Serological analysis determined that recombinant Ancylostoma caninum surface-associated antigen-1 protein is recognised by 61% of human sera from a Necator americanus hookworm endemic area in China, indicating the antigen is immunodominant. Anti- Ancylostoma caninum surface-associated antigen-1 antiserum partially inhibited (46.7%) invasion of hookworm L 3 into dog skin in vitro. Together these results suggest that Ancylostoma caninum surface-associated antigen-1 offers promise as a protective vaccine antigen.
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Molecular characterisation of the Ancylostoma-secreted protein family from the adult stage of Ancylostoma caninum.
International journal for parasitology, 2003Co-Authors: Bin Zhan, John M Hawdon, Yueyuan Liu, Mahnaz Badamchian, Angela L. Williamson, Jianjun Feng, Alex Loukas, Peter J. HotezAbstract:Abstract The Ancylostoma -secreted proteins are a family of nematode-specific cysteine-rich secreted proteins belonging to the pathogenesis-related protein superfamily. Previously we reported that third stage infective larvae of Ancylostoma caninum produce two different Ancylostoma -secreted proteins, a single and double-domain Ancylostoma -secreted protein, designated as Ancylostoma -secreted protein-1 and Ancylostoma -secreted protein-2, respectively. Here we report that adult A. caninum hookworms produce and release four additional Ancylostoma -secreted proteins ( Ancylostoma -secreted protein-3–6). Using antiserum against adult excretory/secretory products, Ancylostoma -secreted protein cDNAs were isolated from cDNA expression libraries. Immunolocalisation experiments using specific antisera indicated that the single-domain Ac - Ancylostoma -secreted protein-3 is located in the adult pharyngeal and oesophageal glands. Ac - Ancylostoma -secreted protein-4, Ancylostoma -secreted protein-5 and Ancylostoma -secreted protein-6 are composed of two pathogenesis-related protein domains linked in tandem as a heterodimorphic repeat. Ac - Ancylostoma -secreted protein-4 is localised to the cuticular surface of the adult hookworm, whereas Ac - Ancylostoma -secreted protein-5 was found in the intestinal brush border membrane, and Ancylostoma -secreted protein-6 in the cephalic and excretory glands. All of the adult Ancylostoma -secreted proteins were identified in excretory/secretory products of adult hookworms by Western blotting and are presumably released by the parasite. None of the adult Ancylostoma -secreted proteins were detected by immunoblotting in L3 extracts, although mRNAs of Ac - Ancylostoma -secreted protein-3 and Ac - Ancylostoma -secreted protein-4 were present in the larval stage. The functions of the adult Ancylostoma -secreted proteins are unknown, although the secretion of multiple family members by the adult suggests an important role in the establishment or maintenance of the parasitic relationship.
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hookworm burden reductions in balb c mice vaccinated with recombinant Ancylostoma secreted proteins asps from Ancylostoma duodenale Ancylostoma caninum and necator americanus
Vaccine, 2000Co-Authors: Liu Sen, John M Hawdon, Kashinath Ghosh, Zhan Bin, Shan Qiang, M. G. Thompson, Raymond A. Koski, Xiao Shuhua, Peter J. HotezAbstract:Vaccination of mice with alum-precipitated recombinant Ancylostoma secreted protein-1 from the canine hookworm Ancylostoma caninum (Ac-ASP-1) results in protection against A. caninum larval challenge. Vaccine protection is manifested by host reductions in hookworm burden compared to control mice. The goal of this study was to determine whether ASP antigens cloned and expressed from different hookworm species will cross protect against A. caninum larval challenge. Cross-species protection against A. caninum challenge infections was observed with immunizations using recombinant ASP-1 from the human hookworms Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus. However, the degree of protection was proportional to the extent of amino acid sequence homology between the ASP immunogen used for vaccination and the Ac-ASP-1 produced by the challenge larval strain. Vaccine protection was noted to decrease significantly as amino acid sequence homologies diverged 10% or more. It was also determined that Ac-ASP-2, a molecule cloned from A. caninum having 55% amino acid sequence homology to the C-terminus of Ac-ASP-1, did not elicit vaccine protection. These observations were partly reflected in the titer of antibodies that recognize Ac-ASP-1. The studies reported here will help to design immunogenic peptide vaccines based on the sequence divergence of hookworm ASPs.
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Hookworm burden reductions in BALB/c mice vaccinated with recombinant Ancylostoma secreted proteins (ASPs) from Ancylostoma duodenale, Ancylostoma caninum and Necator americanus.
Vaccine, 1999Co-Authors: Liu Sen, John M Hawdon, Kashinath Ghosh, Zhan Bin, Shan Qiang, M. G. Thompson, Raymond A. Koski, Xiao Shuhua, Peter J. HotezAbstract:Vaccination of mice with alum-precipitated recombinant Ancylostoma secreted protein-1 from the canine hookworm Ancylostoma caninum (Ac-ASP-1) results in protection against A. caninum larval challenge. Vaccine protection is manifested by host reductions in hookworm burden compared to control mice. The goal of this study was to determine whether ASP antigens cloned and expressed from different hookworm species will cross protect against A. caninum larval challenge. Cross-species protection against A. caninum challenge infections was observed with immunizations using recombinant ASP-1 from the human hookworms Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus. However, the degree of protection was proportional to the extent of amino acid sequence homology between the ASP immunogen used for vaccination and the Ac-ASP-1 produced by the challenge larval strain. Vaccine protection was noted to decrease significantly as amino acid sequence homologies diverged 10% or more. It was also determined that Ac-ASP-2, a molecule cloned from A. caninum having 55% amino acid sequence homology to the C-terminus of Ac-ASP-1, did not elicit vaccine protection. These observations were partly reflected in the titer of antibodies that recognize Ac-ASP-1. The studies reported here will help to design immunogenic peptide vaccines based on the sequence divergence of hookworm ASPs.
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Sequencing of cytochrome C oxidase 1 gene of Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus
Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, 1999Co-Authors: Li Th, John M Hawdon, Gong X, Shu-hua Xiao, Bin Zhan, Feng Z, Q. Shan, Peter J. HotezAbstract:AIM: To identify the genetic diversity between Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus. METHODS : Mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) gene was amplified from genomic DNA of human hookworms collected from infected patients in Hejiang County, Sichuan Province , and the purified PCR products were directly sequenced by using Licor auto sequencer. RESULTS: The PCR products were about 700 bp. Alignment of CO1 gene fragment sequences showed 89 7% similarity between Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus, but still certain nucleotide variations (10 3%) existed. CONCLUSION: CO1 gene sequence can be used as a marker to identify the two species of human hookworms.
John M Hawdon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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transcriptional fusions of putative g protein coupled receptors from hookworm Ancylostoma ceylanicum expressed in caenorhabditis elegans
The FASEB Journal, 2018Co-Authors: Patti Erickson, Ramesh Ratnappan, James P Bernot, Meseret Haile, John M HawdonAbstract:Many parasites, including hookworms of the genus Ancylostoma, are specialists and require host-specific signals to resume development upon infection. Although little is known about the nature of th...
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Ac-SAA-1, an immunodominant 16 kDa surface-associated antigen of infective larvae and adults of Ancylostoma caninum.
International journal for parasitology, 2004Co-Authors: Bin Zhan, John M Hawdon, Shu-hua Xiao, Yueyuan Liu, Angela L. Williamson, Alex Loukas, Yan Wang, Hae-chou Xue, Peter J. HotezAbstract:Abstract A cDNA encoding a surface-associated antigen was cloned from an Ancylostoma caninum infective larvae (L 3 ) cDNA library by immunoscreening with pooled human immune sera. The sera were obtained from individuals living in an Ancylostoma duodenale hookworm-endemic region of China, who had light intensity infections and high antibody titers against A. caninum L 3 . Ancylostoma caninum surface-associated antigen-1 is encoded by an 843 bp mRNA with a predicted open reading frame of 162 amino acids. Recombinant Ancylostoma caninum surface-associated antigen-1 was expressed in Escherichia coli and used to prepare a specific antiserum. A Western blot with anti- Ancylostoma caninum surface-associated antigen-1 specific antiserum showed that native Ancylostoma caninum surface-associated antigen-1 protein is expressed by both L 3 and adult hookworms; RT-PCR confirmed that the mRNA is transcribed in both stages. In adult hookworms, the protein localised to the basal layer of the cuticle and hypodermis of adult worms. Serological analysis determined that recombinant Ancylostoma caninum surface-associated antigen-1 protein is recognised by 61% of human sera from a Necator americanus hookworm endemic area in China, indicating the antigen is immunodominant. Anti- Ancylostoma caninum surface-associated antigen-1 antiserum partially inhibited (46.7%) invasion of hookworm L 3 into dog skin in vitro. Together these results suggest that Ancylostoma caninum surface-associated antigen-1 offers promise as a protective vaccine antigen.
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Molecular characterisation of the Ancylostoma-secreted protein family from the adult stage of Ancylostoma caninum.
International journal for parasitology, 2003Co-Authors: Bin Zhan, John M Hawdon, Yueyuan Liu, Mahnaz Badamchian, Angela L. Williamson, Jianjun Feng, Alex Loukas, Peter J. HotezAbstract:Abstract The Ancylostoma -secreted proteins are a family of nematode-specific cysteine-rich secreted proteins belonging to the pathogenesis-related protein superfamily. Previously we reported that third stage infective larvae of Ancylostoma caninum produce two different Ancylostoma -secreted proteins, a single and double-domain Ancylostoma -secreted protein, designated as Ancylostoma -secreted protein-1 and Ancylostoma -secreted protein-2, respectively. Here we report that adult A. caninum hookworms produce and release four additional Ancylostoma -secreted proteins ( Ancylostoma -secreted protein-3–6). Using antiserum against adult excretory/secretory products, Ancylostoma -secreted protein cDNAs were isolated from cDNA expression libraries. Immunolocalisation experiments using specific antisera indicated that the single-domain Ac - Ancylostoma -secreted protein-3 is located in the adult pharyngeal and oesophageal glands. Ac - Ancylostoma -secreted protein-4, Ancylostoma -secreted protein-5 and Ancylostoma -secreted protein-6 are composed of two pathogenesis-related protein domains linked in tandem as a heterodimorphic repeat. Ac - Ancylostoma -secreted protein-4 is localised to the cuticular surface of the adult hookworm, whereas Ac - Ancylostoma -secreted protein-5 was found in the intestinal brush border membrane, and Ancylostoma -secreted protein-6 in the cephalic and excretory glands. All of the adult Ancylostoma -secreted proteins were identified in excretory/secretory products of adult hookworms by Western blotting and are presumably released by the parasite. None of the adult Ancylostoma -secreted proteins were detected by immunoblotting in L3 extracts, although mRNAs of Ac - Ancylostoma -secreted protein-3 and Ac - Ancylostoma -secreted protein-4 were present in the larval stage. The functions of the adult Ancylostoma -secreted proteins are unknown, although the secretion of multiple family members by the adult suggests an important role in the establishment or maintenance of the parasitic relationship.
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hookworm burden reductions in balb c mice vaccinated with recombinant Ancylostoma secreted proteins asps from Ancylostoma duodenale Ancylostoma caninum and necator americanus
Vaccine, 2000Co-Authors: Liu Sen, John M Hawdon, Kashinath Ghosh, Zhan Bin, Shan Qiang, M. G. Thompson, Raymond A. Koski, Xiao Shuhua, Peter J. HotezAbstract:Vaccination of mice with alum-precipitated recombinant Ancylostoma secreted protein-1 from the canine hookworm Ancylostoma caninum (Ac-ASP-1) results in protection against A. caninum larval challenge. Vaccine protection is manifested by host reductions in hookworm burden compared to control mice. The goal of this study was to determine whether ASP antigens cloned and expressed from different hookworm species will cross protect against A. caninum larval challenge. Cross-species protection against A. caninum challenge infections was observed with immunizations using recombinant ASP-1 from the human hookworms Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus. However, the degree of protection was proportional to the extent of amino acid sequence homology between the ASP immunogen used for vaccination and the Ac-ASP-1 produced by the challenge larval strain. Vaccine protection was noted to decrease significantly as amino acid sequence homologies diverged 10% or more. It was also determined that Ac-ASP-2, a molecule cloned from A. caninum having 55% amino acid sequence homology to the C-terminus of Ac-ASP-1, did not elicit vaccine protection. These observations were partly reflected in the titer of antibodies that recognize Ac-ASP-1. The studies reported here will help to design immunogenic peptide vaccines based on the sequence divergence of hookworm ASPs.
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Hookworm burden reductions in BALB/c mice vaccinated with recombinant Ancylostoma secreted proteins (ASPs) from Ancylostoma duodenale, Ancylostoma caninum and Necator americanus.
Vaccine, 1999Co-Authors: Liu Sen, John M Hawdon, Kashinath Ghosh, Zhan Bin, Shan Qiang, M. G. Thompson, Raymond A. Koski, Xiao Shuhua, Peter J. HotezAbstract:Vaccination of mice with alum-precipitated recombinant Ancylostoma secreted protein-1 from the canine hookworm Ancylostoma caninum (Ac-ASP-1) results in protection against A. caninum larval challenge. Vaccine protection is manifested by host reductions in hookworm burden compared to control mice. The goal of this study was to determine whether ASP antigens cloned and expressed from different hookworm species will cross protect against A. caninum larval challenge. Cross-species protection against A. caninum challenge infections was observed with immunizations using recombinant ASP-1 from the human hookworms Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus. However, the degree of protection was proportional to the extent of amino acid sequence homology between the ASP immunogen used for vaccination and the Ac-ASP-1 produced by the challenge larval strain. Vaccine protection was noted to decrease significantly as amino acid sequence homologies diverged 10% or more. It was also determined that Ac-ASP-2, a molecule cloned from A. caninum having 55% amino acid sequence homology to the C-terminus of Ac-ASP-1, did not elicit vaccine protection. These observations were partly reflected in the titer of antibodies that recognize Ac-ASP-1. The studies reported here will help to design immunogenic peptide vaccines based on the sequence divergence of hookworm ASPs.
Yue Xie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The mitochondrial genome of the dog hookworm Ancylostoma caninum (Nematoda, Ancylostomatidae) from Southwest China.
Mitochondrial DNA. Part B Resources, 2019Co-Authors: Yue Xie, Youle Zheng, Yunjian Liu, Lu Wang, Xuan Zhou, Zhicai Zuo, Guangyou YangAbstract:The dog hookworm Ancylostoma caninum (Nematoda, Ancylostomatidae) is a blood-feeding intestinal parasitic nematode and can cause ancylostomiasis in humans. In this study, the complete mitochondrial...
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Ancylostoma ailuropodae n sp nematoda Ancylostomatidae a new hookworm parasite isolated from wild giant pandas in southwest china
Parasites & Vectors, 2017Co-Authors: Yue Xie, Eric P. Hoberg, Zijiang Yang, Joseph F. Urban, Guangyou YangAbstract:Hookworms belonging to the genus Ancylostoma (Dubini, 1843) cause ancylostomiasis, a disease of considerable concern in humans and domestic and wild animals. Molecular and epidemiological data support evidence for the zoonotic potential among species of Ancylostoma where transmission to humans is facilitated by rapid urbanization and increased human-wildlife interactions. It is important to assess and describe these potential zoonotic parasite species in wildlife, especially in hosts that have physiological similarities to humans and share their habitat. Moreover, defining species diversity within parasite groups that can circulate among free-ranging host species and humans also provides a pathway to understanding the distribution of infection and disease. In this study, we describe a previously unrecognized species of hookworm in the genus Ancylostoma in the giant panda, including criteria for morphological and molecular characterization. The hookworm specimens were obtained from a wild giant panda that died in the Fengtongzai Natural Reserve in Sichuan Province of China in November 2013. They were microscopically examined and then genetically analyzed by sequencing the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) genes in two representative specimens (one female and one male, FTZ1 and FTZ2, respectively). Ancylostoma ailuropodae n. sp. is proposed for these hookworms. Morphologically the hookworm specimens differ from other congeneric species primarily based on the structure of the buccal capsule in males and females, characterized by 2 pairs of ventrolateral and 2 pairs of dorsolateral teeth; males differ in the structure and shape of the copulatory bursa, where the dorsal ray possesses 2 digitations. Pairwise nuclear and mitochondrial DNA comparisons, genetic distance analysis, and phylogenetic data strongly indicate that A. ailuropodae from giant pandas is a separate species which shared a most recent common ancestor with A. ceylanicum Looss, 1911 in the genus Ancylostoma (family Ancylostomatidae). Ancylostoma ailuropodae n. sp. is the fourth species of hookworm described from the Ursidae and the fifteenth species assigned to the genus Ancylostoma. A sister-species association with A. ceylanicum and phylogenetic distinctiveness from the monophyletic Uncinaria Frolich, 1789 among ursids and other carnivorans indicate a history of host colonization in the evolutionary radiation among Ancylostomatid hookworms. Further, phylogenetic relationships among bears and a history of ecological and geographical isolation for giant pandas may be consistent with two independent events of host colonization in the diversification of Ancylostoma among ursid hosts. A history for host colonization within this assemblage and the relationship for A. ailuropodae n. sp. demonstrate the potential of this species as a zoonotic parasite and as a possible threat to human health. The cumulative morphological, molecular and phylogenetic data presented for A. ailuropodae n. sp. provides a better understanding of the taxonomy, diagnostics and evolutionary biology of the hookworms.
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Ancylostoma ailuropodae n. sp. (Nematoda: Ancylostomatidae), a new hookworm parasite isolated from wild giant pandas in Southwest China
BMC, 2017Co-Authors: Yue Xie, Eric P. Hoberg, Zijiang Yang, Joseph F. Urban, Guangyou YangAbstract:Abstract Background Hookworms belonging to the genus Ancylostoma (Dubini, 1843) cause ancylostomiasis, a disease of considerable concern in humans and domestic and wild animals. Molecular and epidemiological data support evidence for the zoonotic potential among species of Ancylostoma where transmission to humans is facilitated by rapid urbanization and increased human-wildlife interactions. It is important to assess and describe these potential zoonotic parasite species in wildlife, especially in hosts that have physiological similarities to humans and share their habitat. Moreover, defining species diversity within parasite groups that can circulate among free-ranging host species and humans also provides a pathway to understanding the distribution of infection and disease. In this study, we describe a previously unrecognized species of hookworm in the genus Ancylostoma in the giant panda, including criteria for morphological and molecular characterization. Methods The hookworm specimens were obtained from a wild giant panda that died in the Fengtongzai Natural Reserve in Sichuan Province of China in November 2013. They were microscopically examined and then genetically analyzed by sequencing the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) genes in two representative specimens (one female and one male, FTZ1 and FTZ2, respectively). Results Ancylostoma ailuropodae n. sp. is proposed for these hookworms. Morphologically the hookworm specimens differ from other congeneric species primarily based on the structure of the buccal capsule in males and females, characterized by 2 pairs of ventrolateral and 2 pairs of dorsolateral teeth; males differ in the structure and shape of the copulatory bursa, where the dorsal ray possesses 2 digitations. Pairwise nuclear and mitochondrial DNA comparisons, genetic distance analysis, and phylogenetic data strongly indicate that A. ailuropodae from giant pandas is a separate species which shared a most recent common ancestor with A. ceylanicum Looss, 1911 in the genus Ancylostoma (family Ancylostomatidae). Conclusion Ancylostoma ailuropodae n. sp. is the fourth species of hookworm described from the Ursidae and the fifteenth species assigned to the genus Ancylostoma. A sister-species association with A. ceylanicum and phylogenetic distinctiveness from the monophyletic Uncinaria Frölich, 1789 among ursids and other carnivorans indicate a history of host colonization in the evolutionary radiation among Ancylostomatid hookworms. Further, phylogenetic relationships among bears and a history of ecological and geographical isolation for giant pandas may be consistent with two independent events of host colonization in the diversification of Ancylostoma among ursid hosts. A history for host colonization within this assemblage and the relationship for A. ailuropodae n. sp. demonstrate the potential of this species as a zoonotic parasite and as a possible threat to human health. The cumulative morphological, molecular and phylogenetic data presented for A. ailuropodae n. sp. provides a better understanding of the taxonomy, diagnostics and evolutionary biology of the hookworms
Guangyou Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The mitochondrial genome of the dog hookworm Ancylostoma caninum (Nematoda, Ancylostomatidae) from Southwest China.
Mitochondrial DNA. Part B Resources, 2019Co-Authors: Yue Xie, Youle Zheng, Yunjian Liu, Lu Wang, Xuan Zhou, Zhicai Zuo, Guangyou YangAbstract:The dog hookworm Ancylostoma caninum (Nematoda, Ancylostomatidae) is a blood-feeding intestinal parasitic nematode and can cause ancylostomiasis in humans. In this study, the complete mitochondrial...
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Ancylostoma ailuropodae n sp nematoda Ancylostomatidae a new hookworm parasite isolated from wild giant pandas in southwest china
Parasites & Vectors, 2017Co-Authors: Yue Xie, Eric P. Hoberg, Zijiang Yang, Joseph F. Urban, Guangyou YangAbstract:Hookworms belonging to the genus Ancylostoma (Dubini, 1843) cause ancylostomiasis, a disease of considerable concern in humans and domestic and wild animals. Molecular and epidemiological data support evidence for the zoonotic potential among species of Ancylostoma where transmission to humans is facilitated by rapid urbanization and increased human-wildlife interactions. It is important to assess and describe these potential zoonotic parasite species in wildlife, especially in hosts that have physiological similarities to humans and share their habitat. Moreover, defining species diversity within parasite groups that can circulate among free-ranging host species and humans also provides a pathway to understanding the distribution of infection and disease. In this study, we describe a previously unrecognized species of hookworm in the genus Ancylostoma in the giant panda, including criteria for morphological and molecular characterization. The hookworm specimens were obtained from a wild giant panda that died in the Fengtongzai Natural Reserve in Sichuan Province of China in November 2013. They were microscopically examined and then genetically analyzed by sequencing the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) genes in two representative specimens (one female and one male, FTZ1 and FTZ2, respectively). Ancylostoma ailuropodae n. sp. is proposed for these hookworms. Morphologically the hookworm specimens differ from other congeneric species primarily based on the structure of the buccal capsule in males and females, characterized by 2 pairs of ventrolateral and 2 pairs of dorsolateral teeth; males differ in the structure and shape of the copulatory bursa, where the dorsal ray possesses 2 digitations. Pairwise nuclear and mitochondrial DNA comparisons, genetic distance analysis, and phylogenetic data strongly indicate that A. ailuropodae from giant pandas is a separate species which shared a most recent common ancestor with A. ceylanicum Looss, 1911 in the genus Ancylostoma (family Ancylostomatidae). Ancylostoma ailuropodae n. sp. is the fourth species of hookworm described from the Ursidae and the fifteenth species assigned to the genus Ancylostoma. A sister-species association with A. ceylanicum and phylogenetic distinctiveness from the monophyletic Uncinaria Frolich, 1789 among ursids and other carnivorans indicate a history of host colonization in the evolutionary radiation among Ancylostomatid hookworms. Further, phylogenetic relationships among bears and a history of ecological and geographical isolation for giant pandas may be consistent with two independent events of host colonization in the diversification of Ancylostoma among ursid hosts. A history for host colonization within this assemblage and the relationship for A. ailuropodae n. sp. demonstrate the potential of this species as a zoonotic parasite and as a possible threat to human health. The cumulative morphological, molecular and phylogenetic data presented for A. ailuropodae n. sp. provides a better understanding of the taxonomy, diagnostics and evolutionary biology of the hookworms.
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Ancylostoma ailuropodae n. sp. (Nematoda: Ancylostomatidae), a new hookworm parasite isolated from wild giant pandas in Southwest China
BMC, 2017Co-Authors: Yue Xie, Eric P. Hoberg, Zijiang Yang, Joseph F. Urban, Guangyou YangAbstract:Abstract Background Hookworms belonging to the genus Ancylostoma (Dubini, 1843) cause ancylostomiasis, a disease of considerable concern in humans and domestic and wild animals. Molecular and epidemiological data support evidence for the zoonotic potential among species of Ancylostoma where transmission to humans is facilitated by rapid urbanization and increased human-wildlife interactions. It is important to assess and describe these potential zoonotic parasite species in wildlife, especially in hosts that have physiological similarities to humans and share their habitat. Moreover, defining species diversity within parasite groups that can circulate among free-ranging host species and humans also provides a pathway to understanding the distribution of infection and disease. In this study, we describe a previously unrecognized species of hookworm in the genus Ancylostoma in the giant panda, including criteria for morphological and molecular characterization. Methods The hookworm specimens were obtained from a wild giant panda that died in the Fengtongzai Natural Reserve in Sichuan Province of China in November 2013. They were microscopically examined and then genetically analyzed by sequencing the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) genes in two representative specimens (one female and one male, FTZ1 and FTZ2, respectively). Results Ancylostoma ailuropodae n. sp. is proposed for these hookworms. Morphologically the hookworm specimens differ from other congeneric species primarily based on the structure of the buccal capsule in males and females, characterized by 2 pairs of ventrolateral and 2 pairs of dorsolateral teeth; males differ in the structure and shape of the copulatory bursa, where the dorsal ray possesses 2 digitations. Pairwise nuclear and mitochondrial DNA comparisons, genetic distance analysis, and phylogenetic data strongly indicate that A. ailuropodae from giant pandas is a separate species which shared a most recent common ancestor with A. ceylanicum Looss, 1911 in the genus Ancylostoma (family Ancylostomatidae). Conclusion Ancylostoma ailuropodae n. sp. is the fourth species of hookworm described from the Ursidae and the fifteenth species assigned to the genus Ancylostoma. A sister-species association with A. ceylanicum and phylogenetic distinctiveness from the monophyletic Uncinaria Frölich, 1789 among ursids and other carnivorans indicate a history of host colonization in the evolutionary radiation among Ancylostomatid hookworms. Further, phylogenetic relationships among bears and a history of ecological and geographical isolation for giant pandas may be consistent with two independent events of host colonization in the diversification of Ancylostoma among ursid hosts. A history for host colonization within this assemblage and the relationship for A. ailuropodae n. sp. demonstrate the potential of this species as a zoonotic parasite and as a possible threat to human health. The cumulative morphological, molecular and phylogenetic data presented for A. ailuropodae n. sp. provides a better understanding of the taxonomy, diagnostics and evolutionary biology of the hookworms
Leandro Grassi De Freitas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Biological control of infective larvae of Ancylostoma spp. in beach sand.
Revista iberoamericana de micologia, 2013Co-Authors: Ingrid Ney Kramer De Mello, Fabio Ribeiro Braga, Juliana Milani Araujo, Filippe Elias De Freitas Soares, Leandro Grassi De Freitas, Thalita Suelen Avelar Monteiro, Jackson Victor De AraújoAbstract:Background Geohelminths are parasites that stand out for their prevalence and wide distribution, depending on the soil for their transmission. Aims The aim of this work was to evaluate the predatory capacity of the fungal isolate of the genus Duddingtonia (CG768) on third stage larvae (L3) of Ancylostoma spp. in beach sand under laboratory conditions. Methods In the assay A five treatment groups and 1 control group were formed. The treatment groups contained 5000, 10,000, 15,000, 20,000 or 25,000 chlamydospores of the fungal isolate and 1000 Ancylostoma spp. L3 in pots containing 30 g of sand. The control group (without fungus) contained only 1000 Ancylostoma spp. L3 and distilled water in pots with 30 g of sand. Results Evidence of predatory activity was observed at the end of 15 days, where we observed the following percentages of reduction of L3: Group 1 (4.5%); Group 2 (24.5%); Group 3 (59.2%); Group 4 (58.8%); Group 5 (63%). However, difference was noted (p < 0.01) only at concentrations 15,000, 20,000 and 25,000 in relation to control group. In the assay B two groups were formed in Petri dishes of 9 cm in diameter containing agar water 2% medium. In the treated group, each Petri dish contained 500 Ancylostoma spp. L3 and 5 g of sand containing the isolate CG 768 at a concentration of 25,000 chlamydospores/g of sand, and the control group (without fungus) contained only 500 L3. At the end of 7 days the non-predation L3 of Petri dishes using the method of Baermann were recovered. Difference (p < 0.01) between groups on reducing the average number of Ancylostoma spp. L3 (percent reduction of 84%) was observed. Conclusions The results of this study confirm earlier work on the efficiency of the Duddingtonia genus in the control of Ancylostoma spp. infective larvae.
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Predation of Ancylostoma spp. dog infective larvae by nematophagous fungi in different conidial concentrations.
Veterinary Parasitology, 2009Co-Authors: Alessandro S. Maciel, Jackson Victor De Araújo, A.k. Campos, Everaldo Antônio Lopes, Leandro Grassi De FreitasAbstract:Abstract In the present work, it was evaluated the in vitro effect of 12 isolates from the fungal species Arthrobotrys , Duddingtonia , Nematoctonus and Monacrosporium genera in different conidial concentrations on the capture of Ancylostoma spp. dog infective larvae (L 3 ), on 2% water-agar medium at 25 °C, at the end of a period of 7 days. The concentrations used for each nematophagous fungus were 1000, 5000, 10,000, 15,000 and 20,000 conidia/Petri dish plated with 1000 Ancylostoma spp. L 3 . All nematode-trapping fungi isolates tested reduced the averages of the uncaptured Ancylostoma spp. L 3 recovered, with the increase of the fungal inoculum concentration, in comparison to the fungus-free control ( p Duddingtonia flagrans (Isolate CG768) was the most effective, reducing the averages of the uncaptured Ancylostoma spp. L 3 recovered in 92.8%, 96.3%, 97.5%, 98.3% and 98.9%, respectively in five fungal inoculum concentrations established. Other effective nematophagous fungi were Arthrobotrys robusta (Isolate I31), which reduced the averages of the uncaptured Ancylostoma spp. L 3 recovered in 85.4%, 88.3%, 90.7%, 92.5% and 95.2%, and Arthrobotrys oligospora (Isolate A183), with reductions of 66.6%, 79.8%, 86.8%, 89.5% and 90.8%, respectively for both, in the five fungal inoculum concentrations established. No difference was found between Isolates A183 and I31 in the conidial concentrations of 15,000/Petri dish. Nematoctonus robustus (Isolate D1) and Arthrobotrys bronchophaga (Isolate AB) had the smallest percentages of reduction among the tested isolates and showed the lowest predacious activity. The Isolates CG768, I31 and A183 were considered potential biological control agents of Ancylostoma spp. dog free-living stages, being directly influenced by the fungal inoculum concentration.
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Predation of Ancylostoma spp. dog infective larvae by nematophagous fungi in different conidial concentrations.
Veterinary parasitology, 2009Co-Authors: Alessandro S. Maciel, Jackson Victor De Araújo, A.k. Campos, Everaldo Antônio Lopes, Leandro Grassi De FreitasAbstract:In the present work, it was evaluated the in vitro effect of 12 isolates from the fungal species Arthrobotrys, Duddingtonia, Nematoctonus and Monacrosporium genera in different conidial concentrations on the capture of Ancylostoma spp. dog infective larvae (L(3)), on 2% water-agar medium at 25 degrees C, at the end of a period of 7 days. The concentrations used for each nematophagous fungus were 1000, 5000, 10,000, 15,000 and 20,000conidia/Petri dish plated with 1000 Ancylostoma spp. L(3). All nematode-trapping fungi isolates tested reduced the averages of the uncaptured Ancylostoma spp. L(3) recovered, with the increase of the fungal inoculum concentration, in comparison to the fungus-free control (p
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Scanning electron microscopy of Ancylostoma spp. dog infective larvae captured and destroyed by the nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans.
Micron (Oxford England : 1993), 2008Co-Authors: Alessandro S. Maciel, Jackson Victor De Araújo, A.k. Campos, Laércio Dos Anjos Benjamin, Leandro Grassi De FreitasAbstract:Abstract The interaction between the nematode-trapping fungus Duddingtonia flagrans (isolate CG768) against Ancylostoma spp. dog infective larvae (L3) was evaluated by means of scanning electron microscopy. Adhesive network trap formation was observed 6 h after the beginning of the interaction, and the capture of Ancylostoma spp. L3 was observed 8 h after the inoculation these larvae on the cellulose membranes colonized by the fungus. Scanning electron micrographs were taken at 0, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h, where 0 is the time when Ancylostoma spp. L3 was first captured by the fungus. Details of the capture structure formed by the fungus were described. Nematophagous Fungus Helper Bacteria (NHB) were found at interactions points between the D. flagrans and Ancylostoma spp. L3. The cuticle penetration by the differentiated fungal hyphae with the exit of nematode internal contents was observed 36 h after the capture. Ancylostoma spp. L3 were completely destroyed after 48 h of interaction with the fungus. The scanning electron microscopy technique was efficient on the study of this interaction, showing that the nematode-trapping fungus D. flagrans (isolate CG768) is a potential exterminator of Ancylostoma spp. L3.