Aphelinus Mali

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Blas Lavandero - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Do hedgerows influence the natural biological control of woolly apple aphids in orchards?
    Journal of Pest Science, 2020
    Co-Authors: Ainara Peñalver-cruz, Diego Alvarez, Blas Lavandero
    Abstract:

    The provision of refuges for natural enemies could be a key aspect for the management of the woolly apple aphid [ Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann, 1802)] (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in apple orchards. The present study assesses the effects of Pyracantha coccinea (Rosaceae) (firethorn) adjacent to apple orchards as this extra-orchard habitat would positively affect the abundance of natural enemies and control of E. lanigerum . Abundances were evaluated for the pest, the parasitoid, Aphelinus Mali (Haldeman, 1851) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) (during two seasons) and generalist predators (only during the second season). The assessments were conducted at different distances from P. coccinea located at the edge of the apple orchards. Additionally, parasitism rates by A. Mali were examined using a categorical and two quantitative methods. Results indicate that P. coccinea hedges promoted an early colonization by A. Mali in apple orchards especially during the first season. However, parasitism rates by A. Mali were not affected at the beginning of the season, but as the season progressed, the rates increased on the apple trees in comparison with the hedges. Additionally, during the second season, the interaction between certain natural enemies had a stronger effect on the population growth rates of E. lanigerum in orchards with P. coccinea compared to control orchards. Based on these results, we conclude that P. coccinea hedges may promote the early colonization by A. Mali in the orchards and have a positive effect on the abundance of spiders, but had no effect on coccinelid, carabids, earwigs and syrphids.

  • Host acceptance behavior of the parasitoid Aphelinus Mali and its aphid-host Eriosoma lanigerum on two Rosaceae plant species
    Journal of Pest Science, 2013
    Co-Authors: Sebastián A. Ortiz-martínez, Claudio C. Ramírez, Blas Lavandero
    Abstract:

    The presence of a natural enemy in a habitat refuge is no guarantee of emigration by these into crop fields, when pest population outbreaks occur. Parasitoids from a refuge may not prefer foraging on the pest crop, exhibiting host fidelity, and therefore not constituting a source of natural enemies for improving biological control. An effective refuge must not only be a suitable sink for natural enemies, providing an acceptable host when these are not present in the crop, but it must also be a suitable source of parasitoids that readily accept the aphid-host on the crop. Therefore, crop-originated parasitoids would have to accept pests from the refuge as hosts to lay eggs in, and refuge-originated parasitoids would have to accept and lay eggs in pests from the crop. We here study the host fidelity of populations of Eriosoma lanigerum originating from two host plants (firethorn and apple) through reciprocal transfer experiments. Thereafter, the host fidelity of parasitoids from populations in the two host plants (firethorn and apple) was assessed. Reciprocal transfer experiments of parasitoids did not show an association between apple-originated parasitoids and their preference for any of the aphid hosts. Conversely, parasitoids from firethorn exhibited a higher number of attacks and in less time when aphids from apple were offered, suggesting a preference for apple-originated aphids. If future field work confirms these findings, firethorn could become an important management tool for enhancing biological control of woolly apple aphid in apple orchards, without being a substantial source of aphids.

  • estimating gene flow between refuges and crops a case study of the biological control of eriosoma lanigerum by Aphelinus Mali in apple orchards
    PLOS ONE, 2011
    Co-Authors: Blas Lavandero, Christian C Figueroa, Pierre Franck, Angela Mendez
    Abstract:

    Parasitoid disturbance populations in agroecosystems can be maintained through the provision of habitat refuges with host resources. However, specialized herbivores that feed on different host plants have been shown to form host-specialized races. Parasitoids may subsequently specialize on these herbivore host races and therefore prefer parasitizing insects from the refuge, avoiding foraging on the crop. Evidence is therefore required that parasitoids are able to move between the refuge and the crop and that the refuge is a source of parasitoids, without being an important source of herbivore pests. A North-South transect trough the Chilean Central Valley was sampled, including apple orchards and surrounding Pyracantha coccinea (M. Roem) (Rosales: Rosacea) hedges that were host of Eriosoma lanigerum (Hemiptera: Aphididae), a globally important aphid pest of cultivated apples. At each orchard, aphid colonies were collected and taken back to the laboratory to sample the emerging hymenopteran parasitoid Aphelinus Mali (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Aphid and parasitoid individuals were genotyped using species-specific microsatellite loci and genetic variability was assessed. By studying genetic variation, natural geographic barriers of the aphid pest became evident and some evidence for incipient host-plant specialization was found. However, this had no effect on the population-genetic features of its most important parasitoid. In conclusion, the lack of genetic differentiation among the parasitoids suggests the existence of a single large and panmictic population, which could parasite aphids on apple orchards and on P. coccinea hedges. The latter could thus comprise a suitable and putative refuge for parasitoids, which could be used to increase the effectiveness of biological control. Moreover, the strong geographical differentiation of the aphid suggests local reinfestations occur mainly from other apple orchards with only low reinfestation from P. cocinnea hedges. Finally, we propose that the putative refuge could act as a source of parasitoids without being a major source of aphids.

  • isolation and characterization of nine microsatellite loci from Aphelinus Mali hymenoptera aphelinidae a parasitoid of eriosoma lanigerum hemiptera aphididae
    Insect Science, 2010
    Co-Authors: Blas Lavandero, Marcos Dominguez
    Abstract:

    NinenovelmicrosatellitemarkersarepresentedforAphelinusMali,aparasitoid of the woolly apple aphid Eriosoma lanigerum. Loci were characterized for 28 individuals from a single orchard in central Chile. Seven loci were polymorphic within A. Mali (3-6 alleles per locus; observed heterozygosity ranging from 0.04 to 0.57) and are therefore useful for population genetic studies within this species.

J T S Walker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • vulnerability of pest management in new zealand apples pesticide toxicity to Aphelinus Mali hymenoptera encyrtidae
    New Zealand Plant Protection, 2015
    Co-Authors: D J Rogers, P L Lo, J T S Walker
    Abstract:

    New pest management practices in New Zealand's apple sector have provided ecological and economic outcomes that are recognised by growers and exporters. Integrated Fruit Production (IFP) pest control systems that combine biological control, selective insecticides and mating disruption have been developed to achieve these outcomes. Although pest management in apple orchards is now more sustainable, it is also highly vulnerable to pesticide-induced disruption. The toxicity of four pesticides (spinetoram, thiacloprid, spinosad and spirotetramat) on the natural enemy of woolly apple aphid, Aphelinus Mali, was examined. While applications of spinetoram were the primary cause of aphid outbreaks in 2007-08, other insecticides can contribute to the instability of this biocontrol system. The consequences of applying these disruptive pesticides to aphid control are discussed, together with strategies to mitigate the vulnerability of the IFP programme to pest outbreaks.

  • toxicity of pesticides to Aphelinus Mali the parasitoid of woolly apple aphid
    New Zealand Plant Protection, 2011
    Co-Authors: D J Rogers, N Sharma, D C Stretton, J T S Walker
    Abstract:

    The parasitoid Aphelinus Mali controls woolly apple aphid (WAA; Eriosoma lanigerum) in New Zealand apple orchards. The effects of seven pesticides on A. Mali exposed to residues on filter paper were assessed in a laboratory bioassay immediately post- application. Spinosad at label rate was moderately to highly toxic, but other compounds and lower rates of spinosad had no detrimental effects on A. Mali. Another bioassay incorporating field application and exposure to aged residues on leaves determined the toxicity of carbaryl, diazinon, indoxacarb and lime sulphur. Carbaryl had the greatest residual toxicity to A. Mali on harvested leaves, causing 85% mortality 21 days after application, declining to 40% by 28 days. In contrast, diazinon initially caused high mortality but residues were not toxic 15 days after application, while indoxyacarb and lime sulphur were not toxic. Minimising the use of pesticides toxic to A. Mali should benefit the sustainable management of WAA in apple orchards.

  • effect of orchard pesticides on Aphelinus Mali the woolly apple aphid parasitoid
    Proceedings of the New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, 1997
    Co-Authors: S J Bradley, V C Murrell, P W Shaw, J T S Walker
    Abstract:

    A laboratory bioassay and field trials were used to evaluate the effect of 31 pesticides on Aphelinus Mali, a parasitoid of woolly apple aphid. Adults were caged for 16 hours in Petri dishes containing treated filter paper. Carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, diazinon and pyrethrum were highly toxic, while azinphos-methyl and omethoate showed low to moderate toxicity. In a field study, orchard blocks were treated with chlorpyrifos plus oil, buprofezin plus oil, oil, diazinon, carbaryl and pirimicarb. The number of adultA. Mali caught in white sticky traps was reduced in the chlorpyrifos and carbaryl treatments. The implications for woolly apple aphid control in an Integrated Fruit Production programme are discussed.

  • THE IMPACT OF EARLY SEASON INSECTICIDES IN AN INTEGRATED FRUIT PRODUCTION PROGRAMME ON APPLE
    Proceedings of the New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, 1997
    Co-Authors: P W Shaw, S J Bradley, J T S Walker
    Abstract:

    Spring insecticide treatments were evaluated in a developmental Integrated Fruit Production programme for apples in Nelson and Hawke’s Bay during the 1996-97 season. Air-blast sprayer applications of mineral oil, or oil plus either buprofezin or chlorpyrifos at ‘green-tip’, were compared for effectiveness against homopteran pests and their impact on beneficial insects. In Nelson, plots of the cultivar ‘Sturmer’ were treated with either a second application of buprofezin at ‘pink’ or chlorpyrifos in late November because of severe mealybug infestation the previous season. All treatments except oil alone gave excellent mealybug control. Buprofezin treatments provided better control of Froggatt’s apple leafhopper and had higher populations of beneficial insects than chlorpyrifos treated plots. Woolly apple aphid was present in the buprofezin plots but was contained by the parasite, Aphelinus Mali.

  • biological control of woolly apple aphid by Aphelinus Mali in an integrated fruit production programme in nelson
    Proceedings of the New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, 1996
    Co-Authors: P W Shaw, J T S Walker
    Abstract:

    Woolly apple aphid Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann) populations were monitored at the Appleby Research Orchard near Nelson (1994/ 1996) in two apple cultivars as part of an experimental Integrated Fruit Production programme which included the insect growth regulator insecticide tebufenozide. The aphid population increased dramatically during the first season in one cultivar (‘Sturmer Pippin’) from mid February and reached 90% shoot infestation by late summer. Parasitism of the aphid by the specific endoparasitoid, Aphelinus Mali (Haldeman), was first recorded in late March 1995 and peaked at 13% by the end of April 1995 when monitoring ceased. In the second season the parasitoid was present from early summer and >80% parasitism was recorded by late April 1996. Aphid control was achieved without the need for specific aphicide sprays. The results indicate the potential for biological control of woolly apple aphid by A. Mali within a selective insecticide

Hongxu Zhou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • differentiation of symbiotic bacteria is a new evidence for two genetic clades of Aphelinus Mali hymenoptera aphelinidae in china
    Oriental Insects, 2019
    Co-Authors: Min Du, Jianing Yu, Yunjiao Zhou, Xueying Wang, Hongxu Zhou
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACTAphelinus Mali is an important endoparasitoid of Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). In our previous study, A. Mali in China was divided into two genetic clades, named the...

  • temperature adaptability of two clades of Aphelinus Mali hymenoptera aphelinidae in china
    Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 2018
    Co-Authors: Min Su, Qinmin Yang, Hongxu Zhou
    Abstract:

    Aphelinus Mali (Haldeman) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) is an effective natural enemy used in China to control the woolly apple aphid (Eriosoma lanigerum [Hausmann]) (WAA). Population of A. Mali in China falls into two distinct genetic clades (Shandong clades and Liaoning clades). In the present results, the developmental threshold temperature of the Shandong clade (9.82 ± 1.44 °C) was lower than that of the Liaoning clade (10.72 ± 0.24 °C), while the effective accumulated temperature of the Shandong clade needed for development from oviposition to adult eclosion (126.45 ± 16.81 day-degree) was significantly higher than that of the Liaoning clade (107.99 ± 3.44 day-degree). The supercooling and freezing points of the Liaoning clade (− 27.66 °C, − 27.17 °C) were significantly lower than those of the Shandong clade (− 26.04 °C, − 25.54 °C). Some other differences between the two clades as well were the content of fat, trehalose, and protein of overwintering larvae of the Liaoning clade (60.8%, 7.57 μg/one insect, 10.11 μg/one insect) as these were significantly higher than those of the Shandong clade (45.5%, 5.73 μg/one insect, 8.05 μg/one insect). The occurrence of the first adult emergence of the Shandong clade of A. Mali was earlier in the year than that of the Liaoning clade, allowing this clade to better control WAA in early spring. Meanwhile, the developmental duration from oviposition to adult emergence of the Shandong clade was longer than that of the Liaoning clade, and the cold tolerance of one of these, the more northerly Liaoning clade, is greater than that of the other, the more southerly Shandong clade. All of these factors imply differences in the pest control ability of the two clades of A. Mali in their respective regions.

  • laboratory comparison of two Aphelinus Mali clades for control of woolly apple aphid from hebei province china
    Bulletin of Entomological Research, 2017
    Co-Authors: Min Su, Qinmin Yang, C Zhao, Hongxu Zhou
    Abstract:

    Aphelinus Mali (Haldeman) is an effective natural enemy of woolly apple aphid (WAA), Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann). Previous studies have found that, with WAA from Shandong Province (Qingdao) as the host, there are significant differences in various biological characteristics between a Shandong clade and Liaoning clade of A. Mali. The ability of the Shandong clade to control this aphid was significantly higher than that of the Liaoning clade in Shandong Province. In order to determine whether differences were caused by better adaptation of the Shandong parasitoid clade to the population of the host in that province or if it represents a more general fitness of this clade to control the host regardless of location, we compared the same parasitoid clades with hosts from Hebei Province. We found no significant differences in the developmental threshold temperature, effective accumulated temperature, fecundity, longevity, and oviposition period of the two clades, but the duration of host searching of the Shandong clade was significantly longer than that of the Liaoning clade. The instantaneous attack rate, the control ability (a/Th), the search parameter (Q) of the Shandong clade (0.0946, 0.543, 0.0725) of A. Mali were higher than that of the Liaoning clade (0.0713, 0.382, 0.0381), and therefore, with WAA from Hebei Province as the host, the host adaptability of the Shandong clade of A. Mali was not worse than that of the Liaoning clade, while the pest control ability of the Shandong clade was still greater than that of the Liaoning clade.

  • relative efficacy of two clades of Aphelinus Mali hymenoptera aphelinidae for control of woolly apple aphid hemiptera aphididae in china
    Journal of Economic Entomology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Min Su, Qinmin Yang, Hongxu Zhou
    Abstract:

    : Aphelinus Mali (Haldeman) is an effective natural enemy used in China to control woolly apple aphid. Previous studies have found that populations of A. Mali in China fall into two distinct genetic clades. We found that one of these, the Shandong clade, is more effective as a biological control agent than the Liaoning clade. The control ability of the Shandong clade of A. Mali (a/Th = 2.447) was found to be stronger than that of the Liaoning clade (a/Th = 1.278); the search parameter (Q) and the mutual interference parameter (m) of the Shandong clade (0.1166, 0.2567) were both significantly higher than that of the Liaoning clade (0.076, 0.185). The egg production and life (64.4 ± 10.44 eggs and 16.26 ± 1.04 (female), 13.54 ± 0.75 (male) days, respectively) of the Shandong clade were both significantly higher than they were for the Liaoning clade (30.67 ± 4.02 eggs and 9.34 ± 0.67 (female), 7.64 ± 0.48 (male) days, respectively), and the Shandong clade had a longer oviposition period for one oviposition (Shandong 86.6 s, Liaoning 61.4 s). We expect, in Shandong Province, the pest control ability of the Shandong clade of A. Mali to be better than the Liaoning clade.

  • analysis of genetic diversity and structure of two clades of Aphelinus Mali hymenoptera aphelinidae in china
    Florida Entomologist, 2014
    Co-Authors: Hongxu Zhou, Ruiming Zhang, Qiang Wu
    Abstract:

    Abstract Our prior research revealed that there are 2 mitochondrial clades of Aphelinus Mali (Haldeman) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) in China, which are known as SD clade and LN clade. To further reveal their genetic characteristics and to determine the degrees of hybridization and gene flow between the 2 clades of A. Mali in China, we analyzed the genetic diversities and genetic structures of 16 populations from 6 provinces (Shandong, Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Xinjiang, and Yunnan) using 8 micro satellite loci. Our results showed that among the pure populations in the SD and LN clades, the greatest genetic diversities were found in the Qingdao, Shandong (QD) population and in the Dalian, Liaoning (DL) population. QD was the first population of the SD clade to be established, and DL was the first population of the LN clade to be established. In addition, genetic diversity was not substantially lower - and in some cases it was greater - in mixed-clade populations than in QD and DL. Individuals within each mit...

H H M Helsen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • bestrijding van appelbloedluis door massaintroductie van de sluipwesp Aphelinus Mali technische tussenrapportage 2004 2005
    2004
    Co-Authors: M Trapman, H H M Helsen
    Abstract:

    Uit het onderzoek blijkt dat er geen antwoord is op de vraag of het mogelijk is parasiteringspercentage van de appelbloedluis te verhogen door het uitzetten van A. Mali doordat slechts 10-20% van de uitgezette sluipwespen is uitgekomen. In 2004 werden de sluipwespen als poppen geleverd en uit onderzoek van de leverancier van de sluipwespen is gebleken dat de weersomstandigheden een belangrijke invloed hebben op het uitkomen van de sluipwesppoppen. De leverancier heeft om die reden besloten in 2005 alleen nog volwassen sluipwespen uit te leveren. De gekozen proefopzet en waarnemingsmethodieken bleken te functioneren en het parasiteringspercentage bleek trendmatig af te nemen met toenemende bloedluisaantasting. Daaruit kan worden afgeleid dat het aantal sluipwespen in mei een beperkende factor is in het systeem van natuurlijke regulatie. In die situatie heeft natuurlijke regulatie door massa-introductie van A. Mali theoretisch een kans

  • diapause termination and thermal requirements for postdiapause development in Aphelinus Mali at constant and fluctuating temperatures
    Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata, 1990
    Co-Authors: R M Trimble, L H M Blommers, H H M Helsen
    Abstract:

    Diapause termination under natural and simulated overwintering conditions, the effect of subzero temperature on postdiapause development and the relationship between postdiapause development rate and constant and fluctuating temperatures was studied in a Dutch population of Aphelinus Mali Hald. (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). The rate of diapause termination was similar in larvae overwintering under natural and simulated conditions. Most larvae had terminated diapause by the last week of February. Some female larvae may have remained in diapause until the end of March. The exposure of postdiapause larvae to −10 °C for two weeks did not affect their survival or postdiapause development rate. Postdiapause A. Mali larvae could complete development and the adults emerge from their mummified aphid hosts at constant temperatures from 12 to 24 °C. Although some larvae completed postdiapause development at 10 °C, few emerged. The theoretical threshold temperature (to) for postdiapause development was 9.4 °C and the thermal constant (K) 136.4 degree-days. K was 121.4 and 134.8 for first and 50% emergence, respectively. The number of heat units accumulating above 9.4 °C to 1st and 50% emergence was similar under constant and fluctuating temperatures. Resume Fin de la diapause et exigences thermiques pour le developpement apres la diapause d'Aphelinus Mali soumis a des temperatures constantes ou a des thermoperiodes L'achevement de la diapause en conditions naturelles ou simulant l'hiver, les effets des temperatures inferieures a zero sur le developpement apres la diapause et les relations entre la vitesse de developpement apres la diapause et les temperatures constantes ou en thermoperiodes ont ete examines sur des populations neerlandaises d'A. Mali (Hymenop.; Aphelinidae). Les taux d'achevement de la diapause de larves hivernantes etaient semblables en conditions naturelles ou simulees. La plupart des larves ont termine leur diapause la derniere semaine de fevrier. Quelques larves femelles sont restees en diapause jusqu'a fin mars. L'exposition pendant 2 semaines des larves sorties de diapause a −10 °C ne compromet pas leur survie ou leur taux de developpement apres la diapause. Les larves ayant diapause peuvent terminer leur developpement et les adultes emerger des pucerons momifies aux temperatures constantes comprises entre 12 et 24 °C. Bien que quelques larves achevent leur developpement a 10 °C, peu emergent. La temperature seuil theorique de developpement apres la diapause (to) a ete de 9,4 °C et la constante thermique (K), 136,5 degres-jours. Pour la premiere emergence et pour 50% d'emergences, les valeurs de K etaient respectivement: 121,4 et 134,8. Le nombre d'unites thermiques pour la premiere emergence et pour 50 % d'emergences etait le meme a temperature constante ou avec une thermoperiode.

  • Diapause termination and thermal requirements for postdiapause development inAphelinus Mali at constant and fluctuating temperatures
    Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 1990
    Co-Authors: R M Trimble, L H M Blommers, H H M Helsen
    Abstract:

    L'achèvement de la diapause en conditions naturelles ou simulant l'hiver, les effets des températures inférieures à zéro sur le développement après la diapause et les relations entre la vitesse de développement après la diapause et les températures constantes ou en thermopériodes ont été examinés sur des populations néerlandaises d' A. Mali (Hymenop.; Aphélinidae). Les taux d'achèvement de la diapause de larves hivernantes étaient semblables en conditions naturelles ou simulées. La plupart des larves ont terminé leur diapause la dernière semaine de février. Quelques larves femelles sont restées en diapause jusqu'à fin mars. L'exposition pendant 2 semaines des larves sorties de diapause à −10 °C ne compromet pas leur survie ou leur taux de développement après la diapause. Les larves ayant diapause peuvent terminer leur développement et les adultes émerger des pucerons momifiés aux températures constantes comprises entre 12 et 24 °C. Bien que quelques larves achèvent leur développement à 10 °C, peu émergent. La température seuil théorique de développement après la diapause (t_o) a été de 9,4 °C et la constante thermique (K), 136,5 degrés-jours. Pour la première émergence et pour 50% d'émergences, les valeurs de K étaient respectivement: 121,4 et 134,8. Le nombre d'unités thermiques pour la première émergence et pour 50% d'émergences était le même à température constante ou avec une thermopériode. Diapause termination under natural and simulated overwintering conditions, the effect of subzero temperature on postdiapause development and the relationship between postdiapause development rate and constant and fluctuating temperatures was studied in a Dutch population of Aphelinus Mali Hald. (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). The rate of diapause termination was similar in larvae overwintering under natural and simulated conditions. Most larvae had terminated diapause by the last week of February. Some female larvae may have remained in diapause until the end of March. The exposure of postdiapause larvae to −10°C for two weeks did not affect their survival or postdiapause development rate. Postdiapause A. Mali larvae could complete development and the adults emerge from their mummified aphid hosts at constant temperatures from 12 to 24°C. Although some larvae completed postdiapause development at 10°C, few emerged. The theoretical threshold temperature (t_o) for postdiapause development was 9.4°C and the thermal constant (K) 136.4 degree-days. K was 121.4 and 134.8 for first and 50% emergence, respectively. The number of heat units accumulating above 9.4°C to 1st and 50% emergence was similar under constant and fluctuating temperatures.

Mazen A Ateyyat - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • impact of flavonoids against woolly apple aphid eriosoma lanigerum hausmann and its sole parasitoid Aphelinus Mali hald
    The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2012
    Co-Authors: Mazen A Ateyyat, Saeid Aburomman, Mohmmad Abudarwish, Ihab Ghabeish
    Abstract:

    Cut-shoot bioassay test was used to study the significance of three flavonoids as aphicides against the woolly apple aphid (WAA), Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann). The used flavonoids were two flavanols that are quercetin dehydrate and rutin hydrate, but rutin hydrate is a glycoside of quercetin dehydrate. In addition to one flavanone that was naringine. These flavonoids were used at three concentrations; 100 ppm, 1000 ppm and 10,000 ppm. Results showed that the three tested flavonoids were active as aphicides against the target species and that mortality to nymphs was higher than that obtained against apterous adults. Increasing the concentration of the flavonoids resulted in a remarkable increase in nymphs mortality. However, rutin hydrate is more toxic to WAA than quercetin dehydrate and naringin. The three flavonoids had slight effect on the sole parasitoid of WAA, Aphelinus Mali compared with effect caused by imodacloprid insecticide. Quercetin dehydrate, rutin hydrate and naringine can be used as botanical insecticides and incorporated into integrated management programs of the aphid.

  • selectivity of four insecticides to woolly apple aphid eriosoma lanigerum hausmann and its sole parasitoid Aphelinus Mali hald
    2012
    Co-Authors: Mazen A Ateyyat
    Abstract:

    Four insecticides were tested for their suitability to an integrated pest management program of woolly apple aphid (WAA). The tested insecticides were imidacloprid, pirimicarb, cartap and petroleum oil. Three indices were developed to determine the degree of selectivity of studied insecticides and to determine their suitability to WAA IPM program. WAA index used to measure the efficacy of the insecticides against the WAA and showed that imidacloprid was the most efficient in suppressing WAA. Parasitoid index used to measure the negative impact of insecticides on the sole parasitoid of WAA, Aphelinus Mali. This index indicated that pirimicarb was the safest insecticide to WAA parasitoid, while imidacloprid caused drastic effect on mummified aphids. Both the WAA and parasitoid indices were integrated in a selectivity index that was used to determine the IPM compatibility of the tested insecticides. Selectivity index indicated that pirimicarb is the most suitable insecticide for controlling WAA as its application resulted in valuable suppression of WAA and very low negative impact to its parasitoid.

  • rearing and release of Aphelinus Mali hald hymenoptera aphelinidae the sole parasitoid of woolly apple eriosoma lanigerum hausmann homoptera eriosomatidae on apple orchards in ash shoubak
    2011
    Co-Authors: Mazen A Ateyyat, Marwan Alawamleh, Hassan Elosofi
    Abstract:

    2 Abstract: Aphelinus Mali (Hald) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) is the sole parasitoid of woolly apple aphid (WAA), Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann) (Homoptera: Eriosomatidae). Five ratios of parasitoid to aphid colonies were tested to determine the suitable amount of the parasitoid that gives the highest percentage of parasitism under greenhouse conditions. Curve fitting using Table Curve program showed that releasing 6 pairs of unsexed A. Mali adults to 100 colonies of WAA results in 98.7 % of parasitism of WAA after 10 days of releasing adults of parasitoids. A valuable suppression of WAA in 2010 was recorded in two apple orchards where the parasitoid was released compared with the orchard in which no release of the parasitoid was done. However, the continuous use of pesticides by apple orchardists in the apple orchards near the experimental orchards resulted in decreasing parasitism rates in 2011 in the apple orchards where release was done due to the movement of WAA from pesticide-controlled orchards to parasitoid-controlled orchards. The government represented by ministry of agriculture is requested to apply a legislation that prevent apple orchardists use insecticides in order to give good opportunity of the parasitoid to build itself.

  • scarlet firethorn pyrecantha coccinea as an alternative host to the woolly apple aphid eriosoma lanigerum homoptera eriosomatidae and its sole parasitoid Aphelinus Mali hald
    2011
    Co-Authors: Mazen A Ateyyat, Tawfiq M Alantary, Saeid Aburomman
    Abstract:

    During 2008-2009, monthly visits were made to screen the alternative hosts of the Woolly apple aphid (WAA), a serious insect that attack both shoot and root system of plants. The scarlet firethorn, Pyrecantha coccinea was noticed to be attacked with WAA. The insect causes galls on the shoot system similar to that have been seen on apple trees. The scarlet firethorn sustained populations of WAA and its parasitoid throughout the year. This is the first record of this plant as an alternative host to woolly apple aphid worldwide. The implications of this finding to IPM programs of apple orchards are discussed.

  • population trends of woolly apple aphid eriosoma lanigerum and its parasitoid Aphelinus Mali on two apple cultivars in jordan
    Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2010
    Co-Authors: Mazen A Ateyyat, Tawfiq M Alantary
    Abstract:

    The population trends of Woolly Apple Aphid (WAA), Eriosoma lanigerum Hausmann (Homoptera: Aphididae) and its parasitoid, Aphelinus Mali Haldeman (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) were studied on two apple cultivars, Fuji and Golden Delicious during 2006-2007. Results indicated that even though both Fuji and Golden Delicious were grafted on the same rootstock, MM.106, but both of them showed variability in the populations of WAA. The edaphic populations of WAA recorded on Fuji during winter while roots of Golden Delicious did not sustain any form of WAA. Generally, aerial aphid colonies on both Fuji and Golden Delicious have been seen throughout the year except in severe winters from January to the end of March. Peak abundance of aerial populations on Fuji was 240 colonies per tree in November 2006 and 225 colonies per tree in August 2007. Peak abundance of arboreal populations in Golden Delicious was 43 colonies per tree in November 2006 and 33 colonies per tree in July 2007. Fuji sustained higher numbers of WAA than Golden Delicious throughout the years of study. The percentages of mummified WAA were very low (less than 10 %) during 2006-2007, but always higher on Fuji than on Golden Delicious.