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Leila M. Porter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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TRUNK-TO-TRUNK LEAPING IN WILD Callimico goeldii IN NORTHERN BOLIVIA
2014Co-Authors: Paul A. Garber, Leila M. PorterAbstract:Compared to other species of tamarins and marmosets, Callimicos (Callimico goeldii) are characterized by hindlimb and hindfoot elongation, and a pattern of locomotion dominated by leaping to and from vertical supports in the forest understory. We present field data on trunk-to-trunk leaping in a habituated group of Callimicos in northern Bolivia. We measured the DBH of the takeoff and landing platform, and the distance traveled during 110 trunk-to-trunk leaps. Our results indicate that mean distance leapt by Callimicos was 1.8 m (range 0.2–4.3m). There were no significant differences in the size of takeoff (mean = 10.3 cm) and landing platforms (mean = 9.9 cm). In addition, longer leaps did not occur on larger diameter supports than did shorter leaps. Although tree trunks and saplings were the most commonly used takeoff and landing platforms, 31.8 % of the time Callimicos jumped to and from bamboo culms. These data highlight the facts that trunk-to-trunk leaping represents a highly specialized pattern of locomotion in Callimicos, and that these primates travel through mixed forests that include stands of bamboo and canopy trees. Conservation efforts to sustain viable populations of Callimico goeldii must focus on protecting and preserving habitats that contain large tracts of mixed bamboo and secondary forest. Key Words: callitrichines; locomotion; bamboo; habitat. Resumen Comparado con otras especies de tamarinos y monos titís, los Callimicos (Callimico goeldii) se caracterizan por el alargamient
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Maternal care and infant development in Callimico goeldii and Callithrix jacchus
Primates, 2010Co-Authors: Abigail C. Ross, Leila M. Porter, Michael L. Power, Vince SodaroAbstract:Callimico goeldii gives birth to single offspring, whereas other callitrichids, including Callithrix jacchus , twin. This study compares maternal effort and infant development in C. goeldii and C. jacchus ; it is the first study to look at nursing frequency. Infants were observed from birth for 7 weeks in two captive groups each of C. goeldii and C. jacchus . C. goeldii mothers physiologically invested the same or less than C. jacchus mothers. C. goeldii mothers gained the same amount of weight during pregnancy in absolute terms as did the smaller C. jacchus . This results in a smaller gain in proportion to maternal weight but an equivalent proportional gain on a per fetus basis. C. goeldii mothers nursed their infants less based on duration of nursing bouts compared with C. jacchus mothers. C. goeldii mothers transported their infants exclusively through the first 2 weeks of life, which is longer than C. jacchus mothers, who exclusively transported infants only during the first week of life. As maternal infant carriage declined, other group members transported offspring in both species. C. goeldii infants engaged in independent locomotive sequences later in development and tasted solid foods less frequently than C. jacchus infants when compared at equivalent ages. A single, opportunistic milk sample obtained from a C. goeldii mother when her infant was 48 days old indicates that C. goeldii milk contains gross energy from crude protein within the range of variation observed in Callithrix milk. Despite the similarities in milk quality and prenatal effort in individual fetuses, C. goeldii infants gain weight faster from 0 to 18 months than do C. jacchus infants. A reduction in litter size allows C. goeldii mothers to spend more time carrying their infant and to delay weaning, thereby allowing accelerated infant and juvenile growth rates compared with C. jacchus.
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Mycophagy and its influence on habitat use and ranging patterns in Callimico goeldii.
American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 2010Co-Authors: Leila M. Porter, Paul A. GarberAbstract:Mycophagy has been documented in a number of species of marmosets and lion tamarins (Callitrichinae) but its effect on ranging behavior is not known. We present the results of 10 years of research on five groups of Goeldi's monkey (Callimico goeldii) at a field site in northwestern Bolivia. We studied the diet and ranging behavior of two of the groups. On average, groups contained 4.5 individuals (range 2.0–9.0), but they gradually decreased in size until only the breeding female remained in the home range. The annual diet was composed of fungi (31.1–34.9%), fruits (34.0–40.6%), prey (17.4–30.1%), and exudates (1.0–10.9%). They had large home ranges (114–150 ha) and over time individuals tended to shift their core areas of use. They used secondary and bamboo forest and forest with dense understories more than expected based on availability. We suggest that the large home ranges and shifting core areas used by C. goeldii are components of a foraging strategy to track patchy, low density, and ephemeral fungal fruiting bodies. Our results, along with data published on other callitrichines, indicate that groups of Leontopithecus, Callithrix, and Callimico that eat fungi have larger home ranges than those that do not. Mycophagy is one of the several factors that evidently affect home range size in callitrichines. Fungi are clearly an important food source for a number of populations, but additional studies are needed to determine why some eat fungi frequently while others do not. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Exudates as a fallback food for Callimico goeldii.
American Journal of Primatology, 2009Co-Authors: Leila M. Porter, Paul A. Garber, Edilio NacimentoAbstract:Fallback foods have been defined as resources for which a species has evolved specific masticatory and digestive adaptations, and are consumed principally when preferred foods are scarce. In the present field investigation, we examine fungi, fruit, and exudate consumption in one group of Callimico goeldii in order to determine the importance of exudates as a fallback food for this species. Based on a total of 1,198 hr of quantitative behavioral data collected between mid-November 2002–August 2003, we found that pod exudates of Parkia velutina accounted for 19% of Callimico feeding time in the dry season. This resource was not consumed in the wet season when fruits and fungi were the most common items in the diet. In the dry season of 2005 (July), the same Callimico study group did not consume Parkia pod exudates. Instead, the group ate exudates obtained from holes gouged in tree trunks by pygmy marmosets and exudates resulting from natural weathering and insect damage on trunks, roots, and lianas. Pod exudates are reported to contain greater amounts of readily available energy than do trunk and root exudates, and were consumed throughout all periods of the day, particularly in the late afternoon. Trunk and root exudates were consumed principally in the morning. We propose that digestive adaptations of the hindgut, which enable Callimicos to exploit fungi (a resource high in structural carbohydrates) year-round, predispose them to efficiently exploit and process exudates as fallback foods when other resources, such as ripe fruits, are scarce. Am. J. Primatol. 71:120–129, 2009. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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The smallest anthropoids : the marmoset/Callimico radiation
2009Co-Authors: Susan M. Ford, Leila M. Porter, Lesa C. DavisAbstract:Phylogeny.- Molecular Phylogenetics of the Callitrichidae with an Emphasis on the Marmosets and Callimico.- The Systematics and Distributions of the Marmosets (Callithrix, Callibella, Cebuella, and Mico) and Callimico (Callimico) (Callitrichidae, Primates).- The Vocal Identity of the Callithrix Species (Primates, Callitrichidae).- Reproductive, Social, and Cognitive Behavior.- Social Behavior of Callimicos: Mating Strategies and Infant Care.- Genetic Structure Within and Among Populations of the Common Marmoset, Callithrix jacchus: Implications for Cooperative Breeding.- Mating Systems and Female-Female Competition in the Common Marmoset, Callithrix jacchus.- Balancing Cooperation and Competition in Callitrichid Primates: Examining the Relative Risk of Infanticide Across Species.- Social Hierarchy and Dispersal in Free-Ranging Buffy-Headed Marmosets (Callithrix flaviceps).- Emigration as a Reproductive Strategy of the Common Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus).- Social and Physical Cognition in Marmosets and Tamarins.- Ranging Behavior and Locomotion.- Limited Dispersal and Genetic Structure of Silvery Marmosets (Mico argentatus) in the Fragmented Landscape of Central Amazonia.- Habitat Use and Ranging Behavior of the Silvery Marmoset (Mico argentatus) at Caxiuana National Forest (Eastern Brazilian Amazonia).- Ranging Patterns of Callimico goeldii (Callimico) in a Mixed Species Group.- A Comparative Study of the Kinematics of Trunk-to-Trunk Leaping in Callimico goeldii, Callithrix jacchus, and Cebuella pygmaea.- Locomotion, Postures, and Habitat Use by Pygmy Marmosets (Cebuella pygmaea).- Anatomy.- Mother's Little Helper? The Placenta and Its Role in Intrauterine Maternal Investment in the Common Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus).- Size and Shape in Callimico and Marmoset Skulls: Allometry and Heterochrony in the Morphological Evolution of Small Anthropoids.- Cranial Morphology of the Dwarf Marmoset Callibella in the Context of Callitrichid Variability.- The Functional Significance of Jaw-Muscle Fiber Architecture in Tree-Gouging Marmosets.- The Evolutionary Morphology of Tree Gouging in Marmosets.- Marmoset Postcrania and the Skeleton of the Dwarf Marmoset, Callibella Humilis.- Conservation.- Conservation Status of Pygmy Marmosets (Cebuella Pygmaea) in Ecuador.- Conservation of the Marmosets and Callimicos.
Paul A. Garber - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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TRUNK-TO-TRUNK LEAPING IN WILD Callimico goeldii IN NORTHERN BOLIVIA
2014Co-Authors: Paul A. Garber, Leila M. PorterAbstract:Compared to other species of tamarins and marmosets, Callimicos (Callimico goeldii) are characterized by hindlimb and hindfoot elongation, and a pattern of locomotion dominated by leaping to and from vertical supports in the forest understory. We present field data on trunk-to-trunk leaping in a habituated group of Callimicos in northern Bolivia. We measured the DBH of the takeoff and landing platform, and the distance traveled during 110 trunk-to-trunk leaps. Our results indicate that mean distance leapt by Callimicos was 1.8 m (range 0.2–4.3m). There were no significant differences in the size of takeoff (mean = 10.3 cm) and landing platforms (mean = 9.9 cm). In addition, longer leaps did not occur on larger diameter supports than did shorter leaps. Although tree trunks and saplings were the most commonly used takeoff and landing platforms, 31.8 % of the time Callimicos jumped to and from bamboo culms. These data highlight the facts that trunk-to-trunk leaping represents a highly specialized pattern of locomotion in Callimicos, and that these primates travel through mixed forests that include stands of bamboo and canopy trees. Conservation efforts to sustain viable populations of Callimico goeldii must focus on protecting and preserving habitats that contain large tracts of mixed bamboo and secondary forest. Key Words: callitrichines; locomotion; bamboo; habitat. Resumen Comparado con otras especies de tamarinos y monos titís, los Callimicos (Callimico goeldii) se caracterizan por el alargamient
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Mycophagy and its influence on habitat use and ranging patterns in Callimico goeldii.
American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 2010Co-Authors: Leila M. Porter, Paul A. GarberAbstract:Mycophagy has been documented in a number of species of marmosets and lion tamarins (Callitrichinae) but its effect on ranging behavior is not known. We present the results of 10 years of research on five groups of Goeldi's monkey (Callimico goeldii) at a field site in northwestern Bolivia. We studied the diet and ranging behavior of two of the groups. On average, groups contained 4.5 individuals (range 2.0–9.0), but they gradually decreased in size until only the breeding female remained in the home range. The annual diet was composed of fungi (31.1–34.9%), fruits (34.0–40.6%), prey (17.4–30.1%), and exudates (1.0–10.9%). They had large home ranges (114–150 ha) and over time individuals tended to shift their core areas of use. They used secondary and bamboo forest and forest with dense understories more than expected based on availability. We suggest that the large home ranges and shifting core areas used by C. goeldii are components of a foraging strategy to track patchy, low density, and ephemeral fungal fruiting bodies. Our results, along with data published on other callitrichines, indicate that groups of Leontopithecus, Callithrix, and Callimico that eat fungi have larger home ranges than those that do not. Mycophagy is one of the several factors that evidently affect home range size in callitrichines. Fungi are clearly an important food source for a number of populations, but additional studies are needed to determine why some eat fungi frequently while others do not. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Exudates as a fallback food for Callimico goeldii.
American Journal of Primatology, 2009Co-Authors: Leila M. Porter, Paul A. Garber, Edilio NacimentoAbstract:Fallback foods have been defined as resources for which a species has evolved specific masticatory and digestive adaptations, and are consumed principally when preferred foods are scarce. In the present field investigation, we examine fungi, fruit, and exudate consumption in one group of Callimico goeldii in order to determine the importance of exudates as a fallback food for this species. Based on a total of 1,198 hr of quantitative behavioral data collected between mid-November 2002–August 2003, we found that pod exudates of Parkia velutina accounted for 19% of Callimico feeding time in the dry season. This resource was not consumed in the wet season when fruits and fungi were the most common items in the diet. In the dry season of 2005 (July), the same Callimico study group did not consume Parkia pod exudates. Instead, the group ate exudates obtained from holes gouged in tree trunks by pygmy marmosets and exudates resulting from natural weathering and insect damage on trunks, roots, and lianas. Pod exudates are reported to contain greater amounts of readily available energy than do trunk and root exudates, and were consumed throughout all periods of the day, particularly in the late afternoon. Trunk and root exudates were consumed principally in the morning. We propose that digestive adaptations of the hindgut, which enable Callimicos to exploit fungi (a resource high in structural carbohydrates) year-round, predispose them to efficiently exploit and process exudates as fallback foods when other resources, such as ripe fruits, are scarce. Am. J. Primatol. 71:120–129, 2009. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Trunk-To-Trunk Leaping in Wild Callimico goeldii in Northern Bolivia
Neotropical Primates, 2009Co-Authors: Paul A. Garber, Leila M. PorterAbstract:Abstract Compared to other species of tamarins and marmosets, Callimicos (Callimico goeldii) are characterized by hindlimb and hindfoot elongation, and a pattern of locomotion dominated by leaping to and from vertical supports in the forest under-story. We present field data on trunk-to-trunk leaping in a habituated group of Callimicos in northern Bolivia. We measured the DBH of the takeoff and landing platform, and the distance traveled during 110 trunk-to-trunk leaps. Our results indicate that mean distance leapt by Callimicos was 1.8 m (range 0.2–4.3m). There were no significant differences in the size of takeoff (mean = 10.3 cm) and landing platforms (mean = 9.9 cm). In addition, longer leaps did not occur on larger diameter supports than did shorter leaps. Although tree trunks and saplings were the most commonly used takeoff and landing platforms, 31.8% of the time Callimicos jumped to and from bamboo culms. These data highlight the facts that trunk-to-trunk leaping represents a highly specialized pa...
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RESEARCH ARTICLE Exudates as a Fallback Food for Callimico goeldii
2009Co-Authors: Leila M. Porter, Paul A. Garber, Edilio NacimentoAbstract:Fallback foods have been defined as resources for which a species has evolved specific masticatory and digestive adaptations, and are consumed principally when preferred foods are scarce. In the present field investigation, we examine fungi, fruit, and exudate consumption in one group of Callimico goeldii in order to determine the importance of exudates as a fallback food for this species. Based on a total of 1,198hr of quantitative behavioral data collected between mid-November 2002‐August 2003, we found that pod exudates of Parkia velutina accounted for 19% of Callimico feeding time in the dry season. This resource was not consumed in the wet season when fruits and fungi were the most common items in the diet. In the dry season of 2005 (July), the same Callimico study group did not consume Parkia pod exudates. Instead, the group ate exudates obtained from holes gouged in tree trunks by pygmy marmosets and exudates resulting from natural weathering and insect damage on trunks, roots, and lianas. Pod exudates are reported to contain greater amounts of readily available energy than do trunk and root exudates, and were consumed throughout all periods of the day, particularly in the late afternoon. Trunk and root exudates were consumed principally in the morning. We propose that digestive adaptations of the hindgut, which enable Callimicos to exploit fungi (a resource high in structural carbohydrates) year-round, predispose them to efficiently exploit and process exudates as fallback foods when other resources, such as ripe fruits, are scarce. Am. J. Primatol. 71:120‐129, 2009. r 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
M García-herreros - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sperm Morphology Assessment in Captive Neotropical Primates.
Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 2016Co-Authors: Wf Swanson, Paloma Rocha Arakaki, Rodrigo Del Rio Do Valle, F M Carvalho, Az Rodas-martínez, Japc Muniz, M García-herrerosAbstract:The main objective of this study was to evaluate sperm morphology in four neotropical primate species to compare the sperm morphological traits and the sperm morphometric parameters as a basis for establishing normative sperm standards for each species. Data from 80 ejaculates collected from four primate species, Callithrix jacchus, Callimico goeldii, Alouatta caraya and Ateles geoffroyi, were analysed for detection of sperm morphological alterations using subjective World Health Organization (WHO-2010) standards and Sperm Deformity Index (SDI) criteria, objective computer-assisted sperm morphometry analysis (CASMA) and subpopulation sperm determination (SSD) methods. There were multiple differences (p
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Identification of sperm head subpopulations with defined pleiomorphic characteristics in ejaculates of captive Goeldi's monkeys (Callimico goeldii).
Animal Reproduction Science, 2013Co-Authors: R R Valle, P R Arakaki, F M Carvalho, J A P C Muniz, C L V Leal, M García-herrerosAbstract:The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of pleiomorphisms and its influence on the distribution of sperm morphometric subpopulations in ejaculates from the vulnerable Goeldi's monkey (Callimico goeldii) by using a combination of computerized analysis system and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) methods. Each sperm head was measured for four primary spermatozoal head dimensional parameters (area [A (μm(2))], perimeter [P (μm)], length [L (μm)] and width [W (μm)]) and three head shape derived parameters (ellipticity [(L/W)], elongation [(L-W)/(L+W)] and rugosity [(4πA/P(2))]). Six separate subpopulations (SPs) were identified: SP1, constituted by very large, narrow and very elliptical spermatozoa (A=16.85±1.56μm(2), W=2.75±0.42μm and ellipticity=2.16±0.24); SP2, characterized by average sized, short, wide and round spermatozoa (A=15.00±1.92μm(2), L=5.06±0.49μm, W=3.51±0.31μm and ellipticity=1.44±0.15); SP3, represented by small, wide and slightly round spermatozoa (A=14.95±1.75μm(2), W=3.47±0.29μm and ellipticity=1.48±0.14); SP4 included very small, short and very round spermatozoa (A=14.15±2.38μm(2), L=4.90±0.57μm and elongation=0.18±0.05); SP5 consisted of average sized and slightly elliptical spermatozoa (A=15.14±1.72μm(2) and ellipticity=1.49±0.14); and SP6 included large and round spermatozoa (A=16.30±1.62μm(2) and elongation=0.19±0.04). There were differences in the sperm subpopulation distribution (P
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Identification of sperm head subpopulations with defined pleiomorphic characteristics in ejaculates of captive Goeldi's monkeys (Callimico goeldii).
Animal Reproduction Science, 2012Co-Authors: Rodrigo Del Rio Do Valle, Paloma Rocha Arakaki, F M Carvalho, J A P C Muniz, C L V Leal, M García-herrerosAbstract:The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of pleiomorphisms and its influence on the distribution of sperm morphometric subpopulations in ejaculates from the vulnerable Goeldi's monkey (Callimico goeldii) by using a combination of computerized analysis system and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) methods. Each sperm head was measured for four primary spermatozoal head dimensional parameters (area [A (μm2)], perimeter [P (μm)], length [L (μm)] and width [W (μm)]) and three head shape derived parameters (ellipticity [(L/W)], elongation [(L − W)/(L + W)] and rugosity [(4πA/P2)]). Six separate subpopulations (SPs) were identified: SP1, constituted by very large, narrow and very elliptical spermatozoa (A = 16.85 ± 1.56 μm2, W = 2.75 ± 0.42 μm and ellipticity = 2.16 ± 0.24); SP2, characterized by average sized, short, wide and round spermatozoa (A = 15.00 ± 1.92 μm2, L = 5.06 ± 0.49 μm, W = 3.51 ± 0.31 μm and ellipticity = 1.44 ± 0.15); SP3, represented by small, wide and slightly round spermatozoa (A = 14.95 ± 1.75 μm2, W = 3.47 ± 0.29 μm and ellipticity = 1.48 ± 0.14); SP4 included very small, short and very round spermatozoa (A = 14.15 ± 2.38 μm2, L = 4.90 ± 0.57 μm and elongation = 0.18 ± 0.05); SP5 consisted of average sized and slightly elliptical spermatozoa (A = 15.14 ± 1.72 μm2 and ellipticity = 1.49 ± 0.14); and SP6 included large and round spermatozoa (A = 16.30 ± 1.62 μm2 and elongation = 0.19 ± 0.04). There were differences in the sperm subpopulation distribution (P < 0.001) among the five donors analyzed. In conclusion, the results of the current study confirmed that the use of computer sperm analysis methods combined with PCA cluster analyses are useful methods to identify, classify, and characterize different sperm head morphometric subpopulations in neotropical primates. Broadening our knowledge of C. goeldii sperm morphometric abnormalities as well as developing reliable techniques for sperm evaluation may be essential for ex situ conservation of this threatened species.
Gustl Anzenberger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Prolactin and paternal care: comparison of three species of monogamous New World monkeys (Callicebus cupreus, Callithrix jacchus, and Callimico goeldii
2015Co-Authors: Carsten Schradin, Deeann M. Reeder, Sally P. Mendoza, Gustl AnzenbergerAbstract:The authors explored whether prolactin is associated with paternal care in 3 monkey species: titi monkey (Callicebus cupreus), common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), and Goeldi’s monkey (Callimico goeldii). They compared prolactin levels in fathers before and after infant birth as well as between fathers and nonfathers. C. cupreus fathers carry infants almost exclusively, have higher prolactin levels than nonfathers, but show no prolactin increase after infant birth. C. goeldii fathers carry infants only after 3 weeks, show an increase in prolactin levels during the precarrying period, but do not have higher levels than nonfathers. C. jacchus fathers are the primary carriers, have higher prolactin levels than nonfathers, and show a trend for a prolactin increase after the birth of infants. In conclusion, species differences in the patterns of prolactin secretion were evident and reflect the different paternal roles. Direct paternal care in which fathers actively engage in behav-iors such as infant carrying and feeding is relatively uncommon yet can be found in a variety of animal taxa (Beck, 1998; Gross &
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Monogamy and family life in callitrichid monkeys: deviations, social dynamics and captive management*
International Zoo Yearbook, 2012Co-Authors: Gustl Anzenberger, B. FalkAbstract:Marmosets, tamarins and Goeldi's monkeys Callimico goeldii (Callitrichidae) are well represented in zoos. Owing to their small size, their attractive appearance and their social organization in family groups along with extensive alloparental care, these clawed New World monkeys make fine contributions to any primate collection. In the wild, callitrichids became famous for their so-called ‘social flexibility’, whereas in captivity they can only be kept in heterosexual pairs or grown family groups. This contradiction is addressed in this article. Based on proximate aspects of behaviour, it is concluded that monogamy is the modal social grouping of any callitrichid taxon. In captive family groups of callitrichids, the underlying behavioural mechanisms that ensure the social and sexual integrity of that taxon-specific pattern give rise to the kind of social dynamics that zoo personnel have to cope with at regular intervals; that is, marked intra-group aggression and expulsion of group members. In summary, the overall behavioural theme of naturally grown groups of marmosets, tamarins and Goeldi's monkeys seems to be that their members are torn between cooperation and competition, resulting in occasional periods of social instability.
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Prolactin and paternal care: comparison of three species of monogamous new world monkeys (Callicebus cupreus, Callithrix jacchus, and Callimico goeldii).
Journal of Comparative Psychology, 2003Co-Authors: Carsten Schradin, Deeann M. Reeder, Sally P. Mendoza, Gustl AnzenbergerAbstract:The authors explored whether prolactin is associated with paternal care in 3 monkey species: titi monkey (Callicebus cupreus), common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), and Goeldi’s monkey (Callimico goeldii). They compared prolactin levels in fathers before and after infant birth as well as between fathers and nonfathers. C. cupreus fathers carry infants almost exclusively, have higher prolactin levels than nonfathers, but show no prolactin increase after infant birth. C. goeldii fathers carry infants only after 3 weeks, show an increase in prolactin levels during the precarrying period, but do not have higher levels than nonfathers. C. jacchus fathers are the primary carriers, have higher prolactin levels than nonfathers, and show a trend for a prolactin increase after the birth of infants. In conclusion, species differences in the patterns of prolactin secretion were evident and reflect the different paternal roles.
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Mothers, not fathers, determine the delayed onset of male carrying in Goeldi's monkey (Callimico goeldii).
Journal of Human Evolution, 2003Co-Authors: Carsten Schradin, Gustl AnzenbergerAbstract:In biparental species, females are thought to accept and even to seek male assistance in rearing of the young. In this study, we present data that suggests that Goeldi's monkey females (Callimico goeldii) actually reject male parental care for a certain period. In Callimico, which have biparental care, mothers carry the infant exclusively for the first three weeks despite the fact that fathers are interested in their infants directly after birth. Fathers initiated significantly more body contact with their mates when newborn infants were present and retrieved one-day-old infants that were experimentally presented to them. The onset of paternal carrying in our colony was 27.5 days compared to 11.5 days (medians) observed in the field. However, presentation of a live potential predator induced earlier onset of paternal carrying by about 10 days. Additional costs to maternal carrying such as foraging and predator avoidance are likely factors influencing the decision of the mother as to when to share the cost of infant carrying with the father. We conclude that Goeldi's monkey fathers start carrying their infants so late because they do not get them earlier from the mother. We suggest that one ultimate explanation for that delay might be increased infant mortality when infant transfer starts at an earlier stage.
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Infant carrying in family groups of goeldi's monkeys (Callimico goeldii).
American Journal of Primatology, 2001Co-Authors: Carsten Schradin, Gustl AnzenbergerAbstract:Goeldi's monkey (Callimico goeldii) is closely related to marmosets and tamarins. Like marmosets and tamarins, C. goeldii lives in family groups, and fathers and older offspring (helpers) participate in infant carrying. In contrast to the typical twin births in marmosets and tamarins, C. goeldii has only single offspring, and paternal carrying is delayed. We studied infant carrying following 26 births in eight groups of C. goeldii, testing hypotheses proposed in the literature on infant carrying in marmosets and tamarins. The infant was carried exclusively by the mother for the first 26.3 days after birth. Afterwards other group members participated in infant carrying. Whereas the C. goeldii mother is always the main carrier, the father does not always carry more than helpers. In contrast to other callitrichids, age and sex of sibling helpers was not found to have an effect on the participation in infant carrying. The participation in infant carrying in Callimico indicated intraindividual consistency, i.e., the amount of infant carrying performed by fathers and helpers following one birth correlated significantly with the amount of infant carrying of the same individuals following the next birth. We found a significant negative correlation between parental infant carrying and group size, indicating that helpers really do help, sharing the carrying burden with their parents. This is attributed to a clear trend for a reduction in maternal carrying in the presence of helpers, whereas fathers did not benefit from helpers. We conclude that the infant-carrying pattern in C. goeldii is different from the infant-carrying pattern in marmosets and tamarins. The main differences were that the mother instead of the father is the main carrier, and that there is a clear time delay between infant birth and when the father and helpers participate in infant carrying.
T. Geissmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Radiographic evaluation of neonatal skeletal development in Callimico goeldii reveals closer similarity to Callithrix jacchus than to Saguinus oedipus.
American Journal of Primatology, 2007Co-Authors: Maria Ines Hofmann, Carsten Schradin, T. GeissmannAbstract:The phylogenetic affinities of the neotropical Goeldi's monkey (Callimico goeldii) have long been a matter of debate. Whereas most morphological evidence appears to place Callimico in a sister group position relative to the Callitrichidae, genetic studies place C. goeldii within the Callitrichidae and suggest that it is more closely related to marmosets than to tamarins. The present study presents the first radiographic analysis comparing the secondary limb bone ossification of newborn C. goeldii with representatives of the marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) and tamarins (Saguinus oedipus). The state of secondary ossification of the epiphysis and short bones is classified into three different ontogenetic stages. Our results reveal that in terms of the number of ossification centers, C. goeldii is significantly closer to C. jacchus than to S. oedipus. This is the first morphological study to support the findings of molecular studies, and the results suggest that C. goeldii is more closely related to marmosets than to tamarins.
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RESEARCH ARTICLE Radiographic Evaluation of Neonatal Skeletal Development in Callimico goeldii Reveals Closer Similarity to Callithrix jacchus Than to Saguinus oedipus
2007Co-Authors: Maria Ines Hofmann, Carsten Schradin, T. GeissmannAbstract:The phylogenetic affinities of the neotropical Goeldi’s monkey (Callimico goeldii) have long been a matter of debate. Whereas most morphological evidence appears to place Callimico in a sister group position relative to the Callitrichidae, genetic studies place C. goeldii within the Callitrichidae and suggest that it is more closely related to marmosets than to tamarins. The present study presents the first radiographic analysis comparing the secondary limb bone ossification of newborn C. goeldii with representatives of the marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) and tamarins (Saguinus oedipus). The state of secondary ossification of the epiphysis and short bones is classified into three different ontogenetic stages. Our results reveal that in terms of the number of ossification centers, C. goeldii is significantly closer to C. jacchus than to S. oedipus. This is the first morphological study to support the findings of molecular studies, and the results suggest that C. goeldii is more closely related to marmosets than to tamarins. Am. J. Primatol. 69:420‐433, 2007. c 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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A primate survey in northern Bolivia, with special reference to Goeldi’s monkey,Callimico goeldii
International Journal of Primatology, 1994Co-Authors: A. Christen, T. GeissmannAbstract:We conducted a 5-month survey on primates, with special attention to Goeldi’s monkey (Callimico goeldii), in the rainforest of northwestern Bolivia. Goeldi’s monkey is one of the least documented of all South American primates, and very little is known about its distribution. We report observations on distribution, abundance, and habitat of Callimico goeldii and other primates, incidental sightings of other mammals, and preliminary behavioral observations on Callimico and on two associated callitrichid monkey species: Saguinus fuscicollis and S. labiatus. We found a locality that appears to be particularly suitable for detailed field observations on Callimico on the north bank of the lower Río Tahuamanu .
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a primate survey in northern bolivia with special reference to goeldi s monkey Callimico goeldii
International Journal of Primatology, 1994Co-Authors: A. Christen, T. GeissmannAbstract:We conducted a 5-month survey on primates, with special attention to Goeldi’s monkey (Callimico goeldii),in the rainforest of northwestern Bolivia. Goeldi’s monkey is one of the least documented of all South American primates, and very little is known about its distribution. We report observations on distribution, abundance, and habitat of Callimico goeldiiand other primates, incidental sightings of other mammals, and preliminary behavioral observations on Callimicoand on two associated callitrichid monkey species: Saguinus fuscicollisand S. labiatus.We found a locality that appears to be particularly suitable for detailed field observations on Callimico on the north bank of the lower Rio Tahuamanu.
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A Primate Survey in Northern Bolivia, with Special Reference to Goeldi's Monkey,
1994Co-Authors: A. Christen, T. GeissmannAbstract:We conducted a 5-month survey on primates; with special attention to Goeldi’s monkey (Callimico goeldii), in the rain forest of northwestern Bolivia. Goeldi’s monkey is one of the least documented of all South American primates, and very little is known about its distribution. We report observations on distribution, abundance, and habitat of Callimico goeldii and other primates, incidental sightings of other mammals, and preliminary behavioral observations on Callimico and two associated callitrichid monkey species: Saguinus fuscicollis and S. labiatus. We found a locality that appears to be particularly suitable for detailed field observations on Callimico on the north bank of the lower Rio Tahuamanu.
